Animal species of special parties, the East section with the return of Han. For bone dew condensation, cloud pink stains to clothing. Because of the wind long soft green, round blue rain fertilizer. Heap of gold, horse milk, bottled ZU is bright.
Lactic acid from sweet old horse knows, eyes cold for a long time not seen old branches. Difficult to pedestrians in the original, like tears down the North off homesickness.
Deciduous perennial vine. Palmate leaves split open yellow-green flowers. Fruit also known as "Grapes", clusters, sweet and sour taste, juicy, can be eaten raw, dried, wine, is a common fruit
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No. 7
Also as "Pu Tao." Also as "Pu Tao." Also for "Syzygium." Deciduous vine, leaves palmate division, conical inflorescence, opening yellow-green flowers, berries, were round and oval-shaped, color varies with the species, is a common fruit, also wine. Also refers to the fruits of this plant. "Communication on the Western Han Dayuan country": "to adopt Po Han Tao, head kind of go places." Southern Liang He Sicheng "Nanyuan every beauty" poem: "Kazamaki Putao with sunshine graces." Li Qi Tang "ancient Joining the Army ":" mid-war shortage of bone buried outside air into the Chinese home Syzygium see. "Ming Li's" Compendium of Materia Medica five grape fruit ":" you can make wine grapes ... ... ... ... "Han," Zhang Qian made to Western also, prior to performing this, the "Shen Nong Ben Cao" has grapes, the Chinese before the Longxi old, but not into the ear off. "
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No. 8
The wine. Jin Lu "Drinking Music" Poem: "Putao 4:00 mellow, old Bin Rights Reserved glass 1000 minutes." Zhou Yu "Yan Ge Xing": "Syzygium drunk a glass of a thousand days, no matter nine transfer immortal." Sushi Song " Glutton Fu ":" cited the South China Sea glass Li, discretionary Liangzhou of grapes. "Qing Cao Yin," went to Huai Boat Miscellaneous Poems "Six:" Green smoke flying butterfly, Kim Doo-pan grapes. "Qing Fei Tin Juan" Wu Ji drinks upon "Poetry:" Wu Ji 15 Fat San San, Yu Wan advised passengers Syzygium nap. "
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Basic information
grape: a bunch of grapes a bunch [cluster] of grapes; sour grapes sour grapes; sweet grape sweet grapes; grapes on the market. grapes are now in. ◇ raisin raisin; vine grape trellis; vine vine; grape cream oenin; mole hydatid mole; hydatidiform mole; vesicular mole; vine grapevine; wine grape wine 【Branch】 grape plants are ripening fruit. Deciduous woody vine, 12-20 m long; long flakes peeling off the bark, young branches smooth. Leaves alternate, suborbicular, 7-15 cm long, 6-14 cm wide, 3-5 crack, base cordate, both sides of the side, the edge of the coarse teeth. Panicles of small flowers, yellow green. Results after flowering, berries, fruit ellipsoid, spherical. Famous fruit, dried fruit is also brewing system of raw materials. 【Alias】 grass Pearl, Syzygium, mountain gourd. 【Features】 Grape large, colorful, thick flesh, sweet. Grapes are longan, black heart-shaped, Pinger, milk, donkey milk, Sai Ying grapes, white agate, black agate, purple roses and white heart-shaped and other species, varieties introduced pink toffee, Callas Rose, Paul Erjia Er, Queen's Vineyard, Muscat, nuclear black, Kyoho, zero Dan and so on. 【Maturity】 7 Month - October 【Method】 optional 】 【Taste of Meridian, sweet and sour; human lung, spleen, kidney. Calories per 100 grams of 47 cards
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Effect Indications
【Indications】 effect There are several key see next to the wine: Key 1, the grape must be washed clean, one by one wash. Key 2, cleaned it must take the drops of water to dry, the water outside the grape skins must not exist (not the grapes to dry, but after you wash the grape vine outside the water) can be directly sealed after the grapes to dry the. Key 3, with grapes in containers, must be washed clean, (able to do so can, sterilization, but also a cool and dry the container) for the grapes to be absolutely packed in sealed containers. What the container does not matter. The case of high temperature about 50 days, fall about 70 days. When the skins will be migrating to the above, the following is a wine with a sterile gauze filter out either. These are the most orthodox of all the wine production process, Wine production is a fermentation process, it is the only requirement is to achieve sterile, less fermentation. Because you are doing to ensure success the first time can: A transparent container, the grape fermentation process can be observed. Can also be added before bottling sugar, increase the number is not certain, according to personal taste, as long as no more than 5 pounds of sugar in the proportion of a pound of grapes on the line, the other can not add anything. But definitely not half-way sealed Kaifeng. It is common mistake, if there is destruction of bacteria, then you had wine vinegar is brewed. Qi, blood, Yin Sheng Jin, gluten bone, Tongli urine. Indications blood weakness, cough lung deficiency, liver and kidney, heart palpitation, sweating, waist, leg pain, aching, weakness, Fengshibitong, face limb edema, difficult urination and other symptoms. 】 【Nutrients per 100 grams of fruit containing 0.2 grams of protein, calcium, 4 mg, 15 mg phosphorus, iron 0.6 mg, carotene, 0.04 mg, 0.04 mg thiamine, riboflavin 0. o1 mg, 0.1 mg niacin, vitamin c4 mg, vitamin a 0.4 mg, 252 mg of potassium, sodium 2.0 mg, 6.6 mg of magnesium chloride 2.2 mg. The other containing glucose, fructose, sucrose, the sugar and tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid and other nutrients. 【1】 therapeutic effect. Bacterial resistance to killing: Grapes contain natural polymer of phenol, with the virus or bacteria in protein synthesis, so that loss of the ability of infectious diseases, particularly hepatitis virus, polio virus, which are very good role in the killing. 2. Anti-cancer: grapes contain a compound called resveratrol quality, can prevent normal cell cancerous, and can inhibit the malignant cells have spread, there is a strong anti-cancer function. 3. Anti-anemia: Grape with the role of pernicious anemia with anti-vitamin b12, especially the skin of the grapes fermented red wine, a liter contains about vitamin b12. 12 ~ 15 mg. Therefore, the consumption of a variety of red wine, good for treatment of pernicious anemia. 4. Reduce gastric acid gallbladder: Modern pharmacological studies have shown that grapes also contain vitamin p, 15 grams of grape seed oil can reduce gastric acid oral toxicity, 12 g oral choleretic effect can be achieved, and thus treat gastritis, enteritis and vomiting . 5. Anti-atherosclerosis: study found that wine in the increase in plasma while high-density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein can reduce the content. LDL can cause atherosclerosis, but not only does not cause a high density lipoprotein atherosclerosis, as well as anti-atherosclerotic effect. So often eat grapes (wine), can reduce deaths caused by coronary heart disease. At the same time, higher levels of potassium in grapes, can help the body accumulation of calcium, and promote kidney function, adjusting the number of beats. 6. Benefit and excitement of the brain: grape fruit, glucose, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins are very rich, can benefit and excitement of brain, the treatment of neurasthenia and the elimination of fatigue have a certain effect. 7. Diuretic swelling tocolysis: According to Li's record, the grape roots, vines and leaves, have a good diuretic, reduces swelling, tocolysis effect, treat pregnancy Vomiting, vomiting noisy, swelling and other symptoms.
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Health Recipes
2. Fresh grape juice: 100 grams of fresh grapes, sugar amount. Wash the grape stems, with a clean gauze bandage after the Jizhi; juice, add sugar and mix thoroughly Serve. Served 3 times day. The juice in the stomach with and enhance the effectiveness of appetite. For infant loss of appetite, anorexia Zhu Zheng. Changyin this juice, can prolong lose weight. 3. Lotus grapes to honey: fresh grapes, lotus root, the amount of fresh raw land, white sand honey 500 ml. "Sam Sun" were smashed container, 100o ml of the juice, add honey and mix thoroughly Serve white sand. 200 ml per serving a day for 3 times. The juice has a diuretic effect Tonglin swelling, treat shower card, hot shower, especially appropriate for those with pain, urinary tract astringent drink. Top】 【Precautions grapes high sugar content, constipation should not eat; Exogenous have table cards were Shensi. _Select_ed】 【literature, "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing": "Qi Zhi strong times, it is healthy fat, anti-hunger and cold tolerance, long food Qingshenjianfei not old sickness'." "Doctors do not record": "by the water, Lee urine." "South Yunnan Materia Medica": "nourishing blood, getting a vivid, sparkling wine served it, can cure disease off of yin and yang, and night sweats Xu Zheng governance." "Herbs Mirror": "wet bones pain treatment, the water is very Jie Li, in addition to Bianshen edema." "With the interest rate spectrum of home eating": "qi, nourishing fluid, liver and benefits, strong bones and muscles, thirst, tocolysis."
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Cultural appreciation
NPC Vice Chairman Wang Guangying Dazeshan eat in the lead aircraft is pleased to put pen to paper after the grape like: "The east Daze Mountain, west of Turpan" Tang Wanghan. "Liangzhou word": "grape wine Magic Cup, want to drink immediately pipa reminder. Zuiwo battlefield Jun Mo laugh, a few people since ancient times fought back." Tang Tang Yanqian. "Grapes": "Valley wind Lu cool, green bead drunk Chu Xing. Zhuhai account closed at night, falling on the Qing Ming Ying." Yuan Cheng Yun-side. "Grapes": "round basket full of real Lizhu slip, entrance Ganxiang ice cold jade. Subject the paper to know the taste of garden, Revlon should not beg for gold plate." Qing Wu Weiye. "Grapes": "Hundred Gok Pearl Fu, Qing Yin Chui Makuhari. Xiao hanging worry For fall, pick dew love to taste. Color mapping of gold, fruit, incense flow Yu Wan pulp. Congling that do not work, and often get into the king. " Qing Chen Weisong. "Wai Yan Qing Yuan City, Summer Grape": "Who is refreshing bowl of ice windscreens? Mind one hundred, disc at the heap. Skim Angela Johnson To strike language. Translucent light Ming, Fang fresh round blossoms, a small pick Xishan rain." Qing, Xiao Xiong. "Grapes": "The Wild vine, frame cover Qian Yan, full cable network augmented Pearl Park. Surpass three hundred litchi, Dawan smoke flavor house of Han." Tao Gu Cheng Po grape variety, are distributed all over the country, such as the famous grape of Xinjiang, Hebei, milk, white grape, longan, Shandong, and Sichuan weak green Muscat grapes. Grape sugar content up to 10% -30%, mainly glucose. Grape acid helps to digest large amounts, appropriate to eat grapes, to the spleen and stomach. Grapes contain minerals calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins b1, b2, b6, c, and p and so on, also contains many essential amino acids, eat grapes for neurasthenia, fatigue greatly benefit. After the grapes into raisins, sugar and iron content would be relatively stingy, women, children and infirm persons tonic anemia. Of ancient medical books on the medicinal grapes are discussed. Chinese medicine, sweet sour grapes, flat, with liver and kidney, benefit qi and blood, appetizers force, health and interests of urine effect of body fluid. "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic," Papers said: Grape main "bones Wet Bi, Qi, Chi-fold strong, it is healthy fat, anti-hunger, cold tolerance. Long food, are light not old sickness." Not only has a wide range of grape medicinal value, can be used for therapeutic: dizziness, palpitation, cerebral anemia, moderate drinking of wine a day 2-3 times, with a therapeutic effect; 15 grams of dried vines can be cured with Shuijianbi Vomiting of pregnancy. "Home will use" has also recorded on the function of grape juice have Chufan thirst quencher. Modern medical research shows that grape also has anti-cancer, anti-cancer effect. Ornamental grape has a very high, people will put their production into a variety of indoor bonsai, elegant and beautiful and chic fragrance; or in the living room before and after planting, vines wrapped, exquisitely carved, fragrant, is the leader in landscaping. However, the main grape is the wine great economic value, 80% of the world for wine grapes. However, as people's awareness of health, changes in consumer attitudes, the grapes are causing more and more juice, a delicious fruit nutrition and health care more efficient. Its not only can treat many diseases, drink grape juice there is a direct antiviral effect. Nutrients: carbohydrates, vitamins a, b1, b2, c, protein, minerals potassium, phosphorus, iron and so on. Grapes can be more than qi, blood, strong heart. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" record: "the main bones Wet Bi, Qi Zhi strong times, it is healthy fat, anti-hunger and cold tolerance, light-weight do not eat the old long sickness, can be used for wine." "Doctors do not record", said: by water, Lee urine. From the Chinese point of view, grapes have medicinal properties, appetizers and spleen, digestive and other effects, and its rich iron content, so the blood. Those in poor appetite in the summer heat, often edible help appetizer. Taboo: Due to high sugar content, eating can lead to heat, resulting in diarrhea, boredom and other side effects. Also easily lead to tooth decay and obesity, as well as those of weak stomach should not eat. Grape Seed: 95% of its original blue and white pigment composition is the efficacy of the antioxidant vitamin c higher than 18 times, 50 times higher than vitamin e, therefore, can be said that the real grape seed antioxidant superstar. Engage in anti-oxidation is the method of aging, therefore, grape seed allows you to eternal youth. Grapes with grapes I think we are not too familiar with that grape is the grape, grape is the grape is not the case though I was not very familiar with, but to each grape with grape, then that grape is round and made off with a micro-oval, grapes it is oval shape Grapes and raisins are essentially the fruit of grapes. Just in the process of commodity circulation, Hong Kong, Shanghai and other places of the market usually tablets, thick-skinned, less juice, high quality, difficult to separate the flesh, called the storage ability of grape Vitis vinifera, but also according to different color, said bright red for the Red, purple for black to mention, yellow green to green grapes. And the tablets, soft, juicy, easy peeling the fruit called grapes, thus forming two names. Imported grapes are generally mentioned subclasses. In recent years, imports of all meat-type grapes are called hard-to "Raisin", some growers do not speak regional differences, do not distinguish the quality of pros and cons of rushing development; they prefer the foreign variety, neglect of domestic varieties. "Raisin" is Hong Kong, Hainan, Shanghai, another name for the grape. Red grape called "red grapes"; black grape called "black to mention"; green grapes called "green grapes." To spit out the skin of grapes, very good, and the skin of grapes do not need to spit, because it is not even on the meat, grape softer than the grape, grapes can be dried. Raisins also the size of two, very tasty. raisin grape expensive than is misleading. Grape vines are deciduous plants Vitaceae vita-ceae plant grapes vitis vinifera linn. The fruits of the earth one of the oldest plants may also have fruit trees cultivated one of the earliest human Li in the "Compendium of Materia Medica", said: "grapes, Han for Syzygium, able to make wine into medicine, drink drunk, however others pottery, so there is a name. the circle by the famous grass Pearl, the elderly horse of milk grapes, those were crystal white grape, black persons were Muscatel grapes. Han Zhang Qian to the Western Regions also made and may only such. and the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" has been grapes, the old Han Longxi before, but not into the ear off. "Our findings of very ancient cultivation of grapes, varieties and more . According to recent literature pointed out that the grapes are distributed in temperate to subtropical regions, grape around the world about six species, of about twenty five. Cultivar of European strains of the world (european grape) and the Inter-American strain (fox grape) are two systems, two-line hybrid, post-breeding varieties of the more, the more good quality, which partakers food and wine strains strains. Grape fruit production in the world occupy nearly a quarter. Grapes are the people eating the world's second largest fruit in the world of fruit production, grape production and the cultivation area has been in the first place. In addition to using the fruit as fresh, mainly used for wine, can also be made of grape juice, raisins and canned food. Grapes not only taste delicious, and high nutritional value. Mature berries contain 15% -25% glucose, and many species of beneficial minerals and vitamins. Grape is a tonic, with a stomach tonic effect. Frail, malnourished people, eat grapes or raisins, help restore health, because grapes contain proteins, amino acids, lecithin, vitamin and mineral claims and other nutrients, in particular, high levels of sugar and mainly glucose, easily absorbed by the body directly. Aged Stomach weakness, stomach yin deficiency; or suffering from chronic gastritis, stomach of poor people, chewing raisins 6-9 grams each time before meals, both to open the appetite, but also make weak. Empty stomach and vomiting in patients, it is desirable for a small cup of grape juice, add a little ginger juice. And mix thoroughly to drink, have antiemetic effect. Hoarseness in patients, it is desirable cup of grape juice and mix with sugar cane juice, swallow slowly, several times a day, there are certain effects of adjuvant therapy. For hypertensive patients, the desirable cup of grape juice and celery juice and mix with boiled water, 2-3 times daily, 15 for a course of treatment. Folk roots with 30 grams of wild grapes Jianshui services for the treatment of pregnancy vomiting and edema, swelling with antiemetic and diuretic effect. There were 30 grams of fresh root Jianshui grape drink, for the treatment of jaundice, hepatitis; can be used as an auxiliary treatment. Grape leaves can be used for the treatment of infantile diarrhea. Take appropriate grape leaves, washed, Jianshui twice to the residue concentrated into a paste, add the flour and sugar in half, made of soft grain mix, and then drying or dried. l years of age, each serving 3-6 grams, 2-3 times a day service; 1 years of age reduce it. Varieties are: Jane Fujiminori Contax Purple Rose of Hong Xiangyi Jingya Jinyou sweet sun_set_ agate Shuangfeng early evening peak abundance of dark purple red Qiuhong Pioneer Olympus Zana Chu Kang North alcohol snakes can Kang Cabernet Sauvignon Carignane 87-1 prayer Seoul Riesling Rose Venus JingYou Beijing Asia Beijing Jade Gongniang Contax II Autumn seedless black cop show in Beijing Jufeng white feather Rizamat longan 潘诺尼亚吉 Shuangyou Ze Hong Hong honey Mars Venus Seedless Red seedless gems new rose early Centennial Seedless Red Rose Ruby Seedless vineyards Double Queen Rose Lu taste Phoenix Morita Nepal nuclear Izu No. 51 Kam Seedless Red seedless large grain with high ink Early French Blue Brown Muscat seedless red Ruibao Hong Munage White Rose Early Red Italian crystal violet in Beijing Mei Hong Zheng black roses red seedless fruit big Swiss ball will Zhengzhou Seoul as early as the American Red Jade Qin embankment dike Black One White Dragon Wah Ya Big Ear
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Common sense
When you purchase your note: 1. If more than handle that place for too long scar, not fresh. 2. See color, moderate maturity, ear, darker fruit, bright 3. Grape fruit closely and taste more acid, too loose, said too familiar, the Commission ordered a space, the surface of white frost fruit were the best quality.
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No. 14
Grapes ("The Classic") Pearl Grass】 【synonyms ("outline"), mountain gourd ("China tree taxonomy"). 【Source】 grape fruit grape plants. 【Form】 Grape Plants Cultivated all over the north of the Yangtze River, mainly in Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places. Many grape varieties, of which SuoSuo grapes grown in Xinjiang (also known as: soso grapes, beans grapes) in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" that is recorded, is generally believed that those with the kind of medicine is better. The roots of the plant (grape root), vine leaves (vine leaves) also for medicinal purposes, the details of special articles. 【Collection】 late summer fruit mature when harvested, dried. Most are made with raisins. SuoSuo】 【herbs grape: red-brown skin, dry fruit, small particles, skin wrinkles, sweet. Reddish brown in color, grain and tidy, free of impurities are preferred, thin grains were broken for the second. Production in Xinjiang. Chemical Composition】 【grapes containing glucose, fructose, a small amount of sucrose, xylose, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid. And single-pigment containing a variety of flowers and two-glucoside glucoside. Per 100 grams, 0.2 grams protein, 4 milligrams of calcium, phosphorus 15 mg, iron 0.6 mg, carotene, 0.04 mg, 0.04 mg thiamine, riboflavin 0.01 mg, niacin 0.1 mg, Vitamin C 4 mg. Grape skin contains cyanidin, peony Su, Su larkspur, petunia Su, Su Jin sunflower, sunflower Kam Su-3-β-glucoside. Seed oil content of 9.58%. And with focus of catechol, catechin gallate, gallate and so on. 【Pharmacological effects have some grapes in the role of vitamin P activity. Oral administration of 15 grams of seed oil can reduce the acidity; 12 grams can be gallbladder (biliary colic attack invalid); 40 to 50 grams a role in diarrhea. Leaves, stems has the functions, but no anti-bacterial effect. 【Taste】 Gly, flat. ① "The Classic": "sweet, flat." ② Meng Shen: "Gly, warm." ③ "outline": "Sweet Shibuya, flat, non-toxic." Meridian】 【lung, spleen and kidney. ① "was equipped with Materia Medica": "start by the sun." ② "Materia Medica truth": "into the kidney." ③ "Materia Medica re-new": "Rupi, lung two classics." 【Indications】 function qi and blood, strong bones, Lee urine. Weak governance of blood, lung deficiency cough, night sweats, palpitations, rheumatism disease, gonorrhea, edema. ① "The Classic": "the main bones Wet Bi, Qi times the force, strong chi, healthy fat is resistant to hunger, cold tolerance. Can be used for wine." ② "Do not Catalog": "by the water, Lee urine." ③ "medicinal theory": "In addition to water vapor between the intestine, transfer of governance of leaching, through urine." ④ "The sketches by": "HSV could not rule issued by the gas, research and drink wine." ⑤ "South Yunnan Materia Medica": "nourishing blood, getting a vivid, sparkling wine served it. Rule of yin and yang off disease, and treatment sweating deficiency. Juice, cough." ⑥ "southern Yunnan, said the draft": "Zhidou disease drugs, and child on the red air, drink the decoction of the next." ⑦ "Baicao Mirror": "Governance bones wet pain. Diuresis very McNair, in addition to Bianshen edema." ⑧ "of the ear and then the new": "warm stomach and spleen, Zhifei Deficiency cough, Poxue tumor volume gangrene." ⑨ "With the interest rate spectrum of home eating": "qi, nourishing fluid, liver and benefits, strong bones and muscles, thirst, tocolysis." ⑩ "Xinjiang medicine": "detoxification, scattered tables." ⑾ "Lu Chuan Materia Medica": "nourish strong, blood, cardiac diuretic. Rule back pain, stomach pain, mental fatigue, heart blood deficiency." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: Jian Tang, Daozhi or dip wine. Taboo】 【① Meng Shen: "bear more food, it is dark eyes bored soldier." ② "this by every original": "Food is more than diarrhea." ③ "medical Lin compile to": "eat raw heat." 【】 ① Qiangshen election party: Suo Suo grapes, ginseng and one each in money. Fire Jiujin - Providence, palm coated invasion morning, friction lumbar, can help brawn strong, if the friction of bovine animals, when lying, can help kidney strong force, the service is particularly effective. ("This by every original") ② rule hot shower, less urination, pain trampled Lek blood: Grape (twisted juice) Werkhart, Ouzhi five together, Rehmanniae Werkhart juice, honey and five ounces. Photogenic and, for thin fried Xing, each serving two before eating together at. ("Sheng Hui Fang" Grapes fried) ③ Chufan thirst quencher: Students trace filter grape juice to boil thick pottery, a little honey into the cooked, the same income, drinking soup. ("The Complete Works of home will use the rate type") ④ governance blowing milk: grape one, in the light flame on the burn off, small study, hot wine transfer service. ("San Franciscans overall record" grapes spill) ⑤ governance gum swelling, pain, potential abscess who want to become: raisins to the core, fill Yan Xiao Duan it. Yan Guo, taking home ground into a charcoal into powder rub, saliva out any spit from recover from illness. ("Medical grade" bulk nitrate Portugal)
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Morphology
Many grape varieties, there are around a thousand, on the whole can be divided into two major wine grapes and table grapes categories. Cultivar of European strains of the world (European grape) and the Inter-American strain (Fox grape) are two systems, according to their different origin, are divided into groups and European varieties of Oriental species group. Long history of cultivation of the "longan", "Thompson Seedless", "milk", "black heart-shaped" is Oriental species Dengjun group. "Muscat", "Gary mother" and other varieties of the European group. Fresh or dried for use. In fruit, the grapes the most senior, according to paleontologists research, in the Cenozoic strata within the third grape leaves and seeds found in the fossils prove that more than 6.5 million years ago already had grapes. Some scholars believe that 230 million years ago to 67 million years ago, there is a similar grape plants.
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Biological Classification
English Name: Grape (Vitis vinifera) (plural form of grapes) Synonyms: Syzygium, grass Pearl, mountain hyacinth, Li Tao, the United States and other black to mention Family: Vitaceae (Vitaceae)
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Growth habit
The most appropriate climate and the sun: sunlight, too little will be sour, too many are too sweet. Sprout in the spring, the grapes hi temperatures 7 to 12 degrees, then can not have a frost and hail; grape growing branches, when the temperature preferably between 20 to 25 degrees, not cold not hot, but also bright and sunny; autumn, grapes began to mature, the ideal temperature of 20 to 25 degrees, cool, then do not rain. Too cold where the vine is difficult winter, summer temperatures in these areas is not high, hardly ripe grapes; hot place, pests and diseases and more, if it's winter temperatures often exceed 10 degrees, grape root will continue to slow supply of dead wood nutrients, while germination of the second year of grapes will be malnourished.
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Crystal Pearl
"Crystal Pearl" is the nickname the people of grape, fruit color because it is bright, juicy and delicious and nutritious.
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Viticulture method
(A) temperature (B) of the light Grapes are happy light plants, require a higher light, the length of light hours on grape growth, yield and quality greatly. Light is low, shoot growth, thin, thin leaves, leaves pale, small ear, Flower and fruit drop, the output is low, poor quality, poorly differentiated buds. So when the park was built, required to _select_ a good place light, and focus on improving the frame surface wind, light conditions, while the design lines to the right, with space and the use of reasonable pruning. (C) water Water in the grapes have an important role in life activities, nutrients dissolved by water transport to various organs, so water is the carrier of nutrients through the water transpiration, regulating body temperature and promote the tree water and fertilizer absorption. Such as soil too dry, the root is difficult to absorb from the soil moisture and nutrients, reduced photosynthesis, prone to old leaves yellow, fall off, or even death of plants wither. But too much water is also harmful to growth, flood inundation, generally no more than 1 week, even after the water seepage under the usual growth; flooded more than 10 days, roots will suffocate, the same can cause leaf yellowing, loss, do not shoot full, poor flower bud differentiation, and even plant death. Phenology of the grape, different demands on the water. Bud in early spring, new shoots growing season, young fruit enlargement period require adequate water supply, general irrigation every 7-10 days 1, 70% of the soil moisture content is appropriate. Before and after the soil moisture content in the berries reach maturity about 60% better. However, attention should be given too much rain water to avoid excessive humidity affect berry quality, but also prone to diseases. If too little rain, about every 10 days to 1 irrigation water, or prone to cracking drought rains, resulting in economic losses. (D) Soil Grape adaptability of the soil, in addition to salt marshes and heavy show suitable growth, the other various types of soil can be cultivated, and the fertile sandy loam is most appropriate. Development of soil on the charge and the quality of grapes have different effects. Inappropriate areas, agricultural engineering by improving soil planting and cultivation techniques for growing. Liaoning Panjin saline areas such as soil content of 0.3% or more, can not survive direct planting grapes. However, after trenching units fields, irrigation wash salt, green manure for soil improvement or partial use of soil and other items of salt STOCKS measures ,2-3 years after the soil salinity to 0.2% or less, you can plant grapes. (E) Other In grape cultivation, in addition to considering suitable climatic conditions for grape requirements, and protection must also be taken to avoid climate disaster, such as drought, floods, severe frost and strong winds, hail and so on. These are likely to cause significant loss of grape production. For example: the growing season winds often blow off the shoot, scraped ear, or even destroy vine winds. Summer hail are often damaged leaves, ear, seriously affecting grape yield and quality. Therefore, in the construction of a garden to take into account the frequency and intensity of Disasters, a reasonable choice garden, determine the appropriate line to create a shelter belt, and there are other appropriate protective measures. (F) grapes soilless culture technology Now grape soilless cultivation techniques available to you, I hope for your help. 1, cultivated forms and matrix formulation Substrates grape organic substrate-based formula must be based on the mixed substrate, the substrate is the use of peat, organic fertilizer and plant stalks each 1 / 3, then add another 5% 5% river sand and vermiculite. Cultivated form is to trough, the first deepened 60cm, 100cm wide planting trenches, spread gravel at the bottom of 10cm, as the underground drainage and grooved end of the same, with the waist ditch connected. The upper 50cm layer as a substrate, peat, manure, river sand mixed in the next, plant stalks, vermiculite paved on the top after pouring flood leaching of matrix planting grape seedlings. 2, management Solid-state inorganic fertilizer application methods are based. Grape growth and development according to the needs of the first year of planting topdressing urea 3 times (2 times less than the soil cultivation), each 50 g / plant; topdressing NPK 2 times, each 100 g / plant, the annual per acre 9 kg of urea, NPK 12 kg, respectively, the amount of fertilizer per acre is the cultivation of the soil 1 / 5 and 1 / 4, where trace elements, supplementing the use of spraying methods, combined with spraying 2 to 3 year times. As strong substrate culture of grape growing, large root system, greatly improved resistance to pests and diseases, planting the first year of treatment 3 to 4 times and the results then the growing season throughout the year to 5 times less drug. Soilless cultivation of grapes used in scaffolding frame is superior to Li Jia. Surface of small planes because Li Jia, Wang grape growth potential, fruit as scaffolding. From the test results, use a small flat scaffolding early high X plastic that is easy, and easy to improve the quality. 3, yield and quality Soilless Substrates tree vigor as strong grape (its growth is cultivated in soil 2 to 3 times), crown form quickly, so planting the second annual high (but to control the output.) Yield and soil cultivation in the same circumstances, glucose level higher than the cultivated soil 1 to 2 degrees (soluble solids). Such as the Asian nuclear-free Austria, soil cultivation generally 15 to 16 degrees, soilless cultivation reached 18 to 19 degrees, Kyoho has reached 18 to 19 degrees. To ensure the quality of grapes, grape cultivation should be strictly controlled soilless substrate production. Saplings planted in 2004, 2005, respectively Maternity by species - early maturing varieties (August, Audia, non-nuclear) is 750kg / mu, medium maturing variety Kyoho, Rizamat is 1000kg / mu.
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Grape cultivation techniques
1, nursery and planting used sticks _insert_ed reproduction, growth scissor thick, plump bud eye year old branches. With a single bud or two buds cut about 5-15cm cuttings grow by 15cm × 50cm from cuttings in beds in February. But the hot zone should be used rootstock adaptability and strong resistance, propagation by grafting methods suitable for local climatic conditions, cultivation of grafted seedlings. In stock _select_ion, the American species of Vitis heat moisture; East Asian Vitis species on a high degree of resistance to fungal diseases such as can be applied. Hot zone can also be planted in spring and winter planting. With gate frame with space for the 3m × 1. 5-2m ,1500-2000 株 / h m; or wide and narrow row close planting 4m × 0. 5 - 1m, 2250 ~ 4500 株 / h ㎡. 3 Pruning hot areas are generally small scaffolding used alone or T-shaped Lijia less Zhuman shaping. Shelf high above the ground to facilitate air and light, reducing disease and ground radiation on leaves, fruits burns. Pruning is to ensure the production of the important measures that year. After the winter in fallen leaves, long stay in tip section 8-12, 5-7 to remain in the tip section, a short tip section to stay 3-1. Xia Jian is the removal of excess sprouting of buds before flowering inflorescence Thinning too much, leaving large to small, to stay strong to weak. Dendrite growth to a certain extent tied to the surface in the frame, timely removal of tendrils, reduce nutrient consumption. Results 5-7 Man left in the leaf before the inflorescence to improve the nutritional status of topping. Grape fruit is high, may be appropriate to thinning, the fruit of uniform size, or deformity fruit and small fruit. 4, the results of several measures sticks
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Grape pest control
First, the grape white rot (A) identify the symptoms Damage the fruit, early spike, dendrite and leaves; where cob is the most likely site of infection. Ear disease to start from the ground close to the ear stems or small fruit begins. Light brown lesions appear Ministry Shui Zizhuang disease. And then gradually spread to the spike and fruit. Materials and the ear, hanging on the vine, not falling, and many white dots processes gradually become dark brown from the light brown and soft rot fruit easily fall off. But there are also shrunk to stiff dry fruit, and obvious edges and corners, hanging vines, and easy to fall off. When the weather is wet after the rain, the fruit from the disease point out black mucus. (B) of the control measures (1) disease prevention is a critical period after flowering, and the rainy season in mid-August to mid-spraying ear protection. 1000 × 50% can be sprayed carbendazim, 800 × 50% or 1:0.5:180 times tuzet Bordeaux. 1 spray every 10-15 days, were sprayed 3-4 times (6501, adhesive spraying or when you add detergent.) (2) proved completely cut off the diseased branches, scraped off the old skin, and timely removal of diseased fruits, diseased leaves, disease spread. Destroy the source Yin, is also an important measure to reduce the incidence. (3) growing season were tied for the lower hanging fruit to ensure the ear more than 20-30 cm from the ground, but also reduce the incidence. Second, the grape anthracnose (black eye, scab) (A) identify the symptoms Damage the fruit, stems, leaves and shoots. Leaves after infection polygonal lesions, vein Shoubing some stop growing, resulting in reduced leaf Zou even deformity. Leaves Shoubing, in the main vein on the students have gradually become yellowish gray lesions on diseased leaves dry and the perforation. Young fruit Shoubing brown spots appear, after the middle into a gray, slightly concave edge of the red or purple, was the "bird eye", the late lesions cracking, small and sour fruit disease. Sometimes cob disease, causing the whole ear dysplasia, or even dead. (B) of the control measures (1) The key is to seize control the disease before flowering, and leaves the two drugs. Bordeaux, liquid or spray 1:0.5:180 times 800 × 50% tuzet or 600 × 75% Chlorothalonil. (2) Germination 5 degrees before the spray stone sulfur agent. (3) Dong Jian completely cut off when the disease spread, clearing litter. Third, grape downy mildew (A) identify the symptoms Mainly against leaves, shoots, young fruit can also be sick. When the disease leaves the front translucent Shui Zizhuang irregular lesions appear, showing pale green or yellow, brown or reddish lesions eventually become brown and dry. Connected into polygons near a large plaque lesion. At the same time, dorsal tilting grow gray downy mildew. Growth arrest after the murder of young shoots, distorted or even dead. Susceptible young fruit, the fruit surface gray downy mildew occurs, growth stopped, cracking or peeling. (B) of the control measures (1) early on_set_ to the peak, half of each interval of 1 1:0.5:180 times spraying Bordeaux mixture. Or 1000 × 25% Swiss toxic mold or 250 × 40% had P-Al. (2) removal of litter orchard, concentrated fire. Fourth, grape anthracnose (late rot, bitter rot) (A) identify the symptoms Colored fruit after the main hazards. Close to the ground, the first incidence of ear tip. The surface of infected fruit after block of dusty purple spots, and has become the central edge of the shallow depths, there Physalospora lesion. After a few lesions in the looming black pellets points. With the disease to expand, the growing point of black particles, and arranged in dorsal striatum. When the moisture in the air, after emission from the black specks of pink viscose bar. Soon all the soft fruit rot disease, and finally into a stiff fruit, easy to fall off. (B) of the control methods (1) 7-8 month incidence peaks every half times the Bordeaux spray 1 1:0.5:180 solution or 500 × 50% tuzet (medication, to add 6501 adhesive or detergent.) (2) The time before harvest removal of diseased fruits found buried: harvesting diseased fruits on the vine after the deep cleaning. V. phylloxera (A) and worm-like hazard identification The roots of the main hazards. After killing the roots, give birth to tumor bar. Early as the bright yellow, later changed to brown and rot, so plant leaves turn yellow ground, the fruit smaller, weak grower, production quality was under the despair, the whole plant may be dead serious. Parasite body soft, looks much like aphids, but not abdominal tube belly. (B) of the control methods (1) This insect is a domestic and international quarantine of the important, from the suspicious region of origin as seedlings, cuttings must be strictly sterilized, is a bundle of roots with 10-20 in the 1500 × 50% phoxim soak for 1 minute. (2) Excluding the proceeds strain in time, destroyed. VI Award leafhoppers (small leafhoppers, grape small dust sub-two points) (A) and worm-like hazard identification Damage leaves. Chlorosis of leaves killed white spots appear later into a white lace white point, and in severe leaf white, off, and to mature ear and dendrites is not easy. Yellow worms, body length 3-3.5 mm. There are two black circles on top of the head spot, wings yellowish white, translucent. Parasite stays in the leaves on the back of hazards. (B) of the control methods (1) the occurrence of adult or nymph spray 3000 × 80% dichlorvos or 1500 × 40% dimethoate or 5000 × 20% speed kill D. (2) autumn and winter clean orchards, burning leaves, the eradication of overwintering adults. VII, grape red spider (A) of the hazardous Leaf and ear damage. After the victim leaves a lot of dark brown stripes present, and in severe scorch off. Affected ear, the ear stems black, brittle and easy to break. After the victim was rusty fruit. Skin rough, sometimes cracking, affecting fruit growth and color. (B) of the control methods (1) 3 degrees spring germination lime sulfur spray plus 0.3% detergent. (2) 7-8 and July 3000 × 73% spray Propargite or 1000 × 40% dicofol. (3) embedded in anti-cold, stripped of branches and tendrils on the Laocu skin, concentrated fire. Eight, ten stars leaf beetle (A) and worm-like hazard identification Damage leaves and shoots. Bite into the hole leaves the victims, and in severe eat all the leaf, leaving only the veins and some film. Hard-cover adult beetle is oval, length 12 mm, width 8 mm. Hard-winged yellow, a total of 10 spots on the body. Larvae are flat, yellow. Larvae hatch from time to time with the focus on hazards, grow up scattered. Adults often leaf feeding, but once touch to the stench of yellow liquid secretion and landing suspended animation. (B) of the control methods (1) 1200 × 90% Trichlorfon spray or 5000 × 20% speed kill D. (2) completion of killing insect larvae or vibration, centralized killed. IX potential cis tick (rust ticks, blankets disease) (A) and worm-like hazard identification. Damage leaves. Grape leaf expansion, the victims have white spots on the leaf surface, after the murder of the Ministry of uplift, the back of the depression and the occurrence of fluff. The beginning of the gray hair, later become dark brown, and finally for the most brown. Leaves uneven shrinkage. Hu Bu shaped like a white adults. At the front with four feet. (B) of the control methods (1) grape buds sprout in spring, a few green shoots when exposed, 0.5 degrees lime sulfur spray. (2) Dongjian down the branches, concentrated fire. X. Grape Tiger Moth (Tiger e grapes, grape tiger night E) (A) and worm-like hazard identification Damage leaves. Harm the larvae eat leaves, and in severe eat all the upper leaves. Larvae mature body length of about 40 mm. Head and tail yellow, the back of the light green, the size of each section there are black spots on it with a white long-haired students. (B) of the control methods (1) larvae of spray 1200 × 1000 × 520% trichlorfon or dichlorvos or 5000 × 20% speed kill D. (2) early spring near the grape roots, combined with digging insect pupae excavated soil preparation (insect kidney: red-brown, length 20 mm, tail tidy.)
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Simple storage method Grape
First, pre-treatment storage (A) spraying before harvest. 1 × 10-6 flowering spray of gibberellin plus 1,000 times the concentration of CCC, mining If spraying 20 days before the 1500 times thiophanate-methyl, 3 to 5 days before harvest of 10,000 times then sprayed NAA, in order to To prevent fruit cracking, fruit drop, fruit coloring to enhance and improve the sugar and prevent mold spore, Fusarium head blight and white rot. (B) of the fruit harvest. _Select_ the red planet late storability, black to mention, black lotus, black Olin, Tai Po, Kyoho and other goods Species. The fruit to fully mature, good color, fruit powder and more skin thick, strong toughness, high sugar, smell fragrant, storable. Harvest to dry the dew. Harvesting and storage should be gently, so as to avoid the misfortune to scratch and rub fruit powder fruit. (C) pre-cooling heat dissipation. Taken back to the ear, excluding fruit and pest fruit damage, repair to the irregular spike tip and vice ear, And coated with melted wax after notches stems and lay cold in the well-ventilated room mats, heat 2 to 3 days After pre-cooling before storage. Second, the storage method (A) cold storage. Fruit box in the lining on the bottom and around 3 to 4 layers of soft paper and put it into 0.04 ~ 0.0 6 mm thick films pressed into the storage bag, loaded pre-cooling of the ear, 10 kg ~ 15 kg per bag, put bag A sulfur dioxide preservative, tie the bag closed, and then fruit box code in the database. Vertical column in the database can also be scaffolding on the shelf every Tam ride 30 cm through every pole, bamboo pole capped with thin or grasses Seats, the flat screens on the ear suffer string, put each ear level, so as not to crush fruit. (B) of the cellar storage. Apple pit building and the same cellar, first cavities cleaned, sprayed bacteria 1000 times Du Qing disinfection. In fruit boxes every 12 to 15 cm vertical and put a bamboo stick, stick the ear suffer hanging string, and then move Pit entry in palletising and high layer 3 is appropriate, and then sealed cellar. Both sides of the pits can also be vertical column scaffolding, respectively, stratified put pole, layer from the 30 to 35 cm, 15 to 20 cm from the pole, Hanging in the pole on the ear, ear from 4 to 5 centimeters to 4 layers is appropriate. (C) of the film bag storage. With 0.04 ~ 0.06 mm thick polyethylene film, pressed growth of 40 cm, 30 cm wide pouch, bags of fruit per 1.5 kg to 2 kg, tied the bag, releasing the end of the pad 4 to 5 per cent Meters of sawdust or chopped straw, light box, each box only on a layer of fruit, the boxes into the cold storage room or library. Check Movable wooden box, but can not open the bag, even with 1 ~ 2 do not open bags of rotten fruit, once a bag, oxygen bag sudden Natural increase, it is hard to tank the. (D) Wagang storage. High 70 cm, waist 60 to 70 cm in diameter Wagang, washed down Yin Gang Kou Dry, clean the bottom 3 layers of soft cushion on the paper, into the ear 2 to 3 layers, a thickness of 25 cm, and then into well-shaped wooden card Cylinder waist, laying the shelves or soft paper, and at intervals of 8 to 10 cm square to play a big hole 1 cm to facilitate Breathable film came alive again in the ear 1 to 2 layers, 15 to 20 cm high, the cylinder into the cold room, not pre-sealed, 1 month after the paper seal affixed. After the weather turned warm, close the vents and windows during the day, the evening opened to reduce the room temperature, Can be stored to next Spring Festival. Open tank must be processed first, must not be sealed cylinder, so as not to increase and change the oxygen cylinder Quality. Third, the storage management after (A) regular inspections. Check every 15 1 20 days, adjusting temperature and humidity, the temperature and humidity are Paul Maintained at 0 ~ 3 ℃ and 85% to 90% range is too high or too low, too dry or too wet, not conducive to storage. (B) fuel sulfur corrosion. In the storage library (room) of sulfur in fuel capacity of 20 grams per cubic meter, fuel sulfur 1 every 10 days Times, bactericidal antiseptic. 】 【The books "Bible" of the vine 【1】 about fifteen, "I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman." Comments〕 〔Background In the Old Testament Bible, the Israelites used to symbolize the vine, that they were chosen by God and the cultivation of the race, expect them to bear much fruit for God, but their situation is quite disappointing that God (see verse eighty-8 19; Race v. 1 ~ 7; Jesus II 21; Results fifteen 2 to 4; nineteenth 10 to 14), so they are nominal vines. The origin of the vine is not in the Central Plains region, which is in the Han Dynasty by the "Western Regions" passed the Central Plains.. (Han Dynasty, and the Yang Guan Pass to the west of Gansu, which is today's Xinjiang region and further afield, known as the "Western"), Zhang Qian to the Western Han Dynasty in 138 BC, respectively, and twice ambassador to 119 BC, "Western Regions "to strengthen the mainland with the" Western "economic and cultural exchanges between. 〔〕 Context comments "I am the true vine," the sentence reads: I am the vine, and that the real 』, this narrative method and the vine of the Old Testament (the Israelis) to make a comparison. He is a true 』『 vine, the life in him (see a 4), so he can complete the planting of God's purposes. "My Father is the husbandman," who cultivated 』『 planted and cultivated vines that people engaged in cultivation, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weeding and so on. "I (Jesus Christ) is the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman. Whenever I do not bear fruit, He takes away; any fruit, and he was clean and repair, making the branches more fruit. Now You tell your ways because I have been clean. Abide in me, and I in you. branches except it abide in the vine, neither can their own; you unless you abide in me, as well. Fantasy novel "Grapes" Fantasy novel "Grapes" by bad tea. The book is the wisdom tree mentioned grapes. As with the Bible.
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Nutritional Analysis
Nutritional value 1. Grape sugar is mainly glucose, can be quickly absorbed by the body. Hypoglycemia when the body is, if the time to drink grape juice, can quickly relieve the symptoms; 2. French scientists found that grapes can be better than aspirin in preventing thrombosis, and can reduce serum cholesterol levels, reduce platelet cohesion, on the prevention of cardiovascular disease have a certain effect; 3. Grape flavonoids containing a powerful antioxidant, anti-aging, and can clear the free radicals; 4. Grapes contain an anti-cancer trace elements (resveratrol), healthy cells can prevent cancer, prevent cancer cell proliferation. Grape juice can help reduce organ rejection in patients with planting operations, and promote early recovery. Nutrients Grape sugar content up to 10% -30%, mainly glucose. Grape acid helps to digest large amounts, appropriate to eat grapes, to the spleen and stomach. Grapes contain minerals calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins B1, B2, B6, C and P, also contains many essential amino acids, eat grapes for neurasthenia, fatigue boost. After the grapes into raisins, sugar and iron content would be relatively high, women, children and infirm persons tonic anemia. Of ancient medical books on the medicinal grapes are discussed. Chinese medicine, sweet sour grapes, flat, with liver and kidney, benefit qi and blood, appetizers force, health and interests of urine effect of body fluid. "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic," Papers said: Grape main "bones Wet Bi, Qi, Chi-fold strong, it is healthy fat, anti-hunger, cold tolerance. Long food, are light not old sickness." Not only has a wide range of grape medicinal value, can be used for therapeutic: dizziness, palpitation, cerebral anemia, moderate drinking of wine a day 2-3 times, with a therapeutic effect; 15 grams of dried vines can be cured with Shuijianbi Vomiting of pregnancy. "Home will use" has also recorded on the function of grape juice have Chufan thirst quencher. Modern medical research shows that grape also has anti-cancer, anti-cancer effect. Ornamental grape has a very high, people will put their production into a variety of indoor bonsai, elegant and beautiful and chic fragrance; or in the living room before and after planting, vines wrapped, exquisitely carved, fragrant, is the leader in landscaping. However, the main grape is the wine great economic value, 80% of the world for wine grapes. However, as people's awareness of health, changes in consumer attitudes, the grapes are causing more and more juice, a delicious fruit nutrition and health care more efficient. Its not only can treat many diseases, drink grape juice there is a direct antiviral effect. Nutrients: grape sugar amounted to 8% to 10%, Vitamin A, B1, B2, C, protein, minerals potassium, phosphorus, iron, etc., in addition it contains a variety of substances with physiological functions.
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Grape role
Grapes can be more than qi, blood, strong heart. "Doctors do not record", said: by the water, Lee urine. From the Chinese point of view, grapes have medicinal properties, appetizers and spleen, digestive and other effects, and its rich iron content, so the blood. Those in poor appetite in the summer heat, often edible help appetizer. High nutritional value of grapes, grape juice by scientists as "plant milk." Grape sugar is about 10% -25%, high by up to 30 or so. More contained in the grape sugar, most of it is easy to direct absorption of glucose by the body, so the grapes become weaker digestion ideal fruit. Tartaric acid in grapes containing more and more to help digestion. Appropriate to eat grapes to the spleen and stomach, good for the body. Medical studies have shown that grape juice is the best food inflammation patients can reduce blood levels of protein and sodium chloride. Grape juice for frail patients, hardening of the arteries, and nephritis patients have secondary effects of rehabilitation, those who grow grapes and grapes in many places, cancer incidence rates also decreased significantly. Grape is the fruit of the fruit with the most complex of iron, is the anemia in patients with nutritional food. Vegetables Grapes of neurasthenia and fatigue are both good. After dried grapes, sugar and iron levels were relatively increased, children, women and the physically weak tonic anemia. Grape Seed 95% of the original blue and white pigment composition of the antioxidant effect of vitamin C higher than 18 times, 50 times higher than vitamin E, therefore, can be said that the real grape seed antioxidant superstar. Engage in anti-oxidation is the method of aging, therefore, grape seed allows you to eternal youth. Grapes not only taste delicious, and high nutritional value. Mature berries contain 15% -25% glucose, and many species of beneficial minerals and vitamins. Grape is a tonic, with a stomach tonic effect. Frail, malnourished people, eat grapes or raisins, help restore health, because grapes contain proteins, amino acids, lecithin, vitamin and mineral claims and other nutrients, in particular, high levels of sugar and mainly glucose, easily absorbed by the body directly. Aged Stomach weakness, stomach yin deficiency; or suffering from chronic gastritis, stomach of poor people, chewing raisins 6-9 grams each time before meals, both to open the appetite, but also make weak. Empty stomach and vomiting in patients, it is desirable for a small cup of grape juice, add a little ginger juice. And mix thoroughly to drink, have antiemetic effect. Hoarseness in patients, it is desirable cup of grape juice and mix with sugar cane juice, swallow slowly, several times a day, there are certain effects of adjuvant therapy. For hypertensive patients, the desirable cup of grape juice and celery juice and mix with boiled water, 2-3 times daily, 15 for a course of treatment. Folk roots with 30 grams of wild grapes Jianshui services for the treatment of pregnancy vomiting and edema, swelling with antiemetic and diuretic effect. There were 30 grams of fresh root Jianshui grape drink, for the treatment of jaundice, hepatitis; can be used as an auxiliary treatment. Grape leaves can be used for the treatment of infantile diarrhea. Take appropriate grape leaves, washed, Jianshui twice to the residue concentrated into a paste, add the flour and sugar, half the mix made of soft grain, then drying, or dried. l years of age, each serving 3-6 grams, 2-3 times a day service; 1 years of age reduce it. Grape nature, sweet and sour, lungs, spleen, kidney; A supplement qi and blood, benefits the liver and kidney, the Health and body fluid, strong bones, cough Chufan, replenishing qi and blood, urine effect Tom Lee; Indications blood weakness, cough, lung deficiency, heart palpitations, night sweats, Fengshibitong, pour disease, edema, embolism, can also be used for spleen qi is weak, shortness of breath, fatigue, edema, dysuria and other symptoms of adjuvant therapy.
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Edible
General population can eat grapes. The following people in particular, fit for human consumption: 1. Nephritis, hypertension, edema, patients, children, pregnant women, patients with anemia, weakness, fatigue, body tired fatigue, premature aging persons, lung deficiency cough, night sweats, who, rheumatoid arthritis, pain and limb bones , cancer patients, especially suitable for consumption; The following people should not eat: 1. Diabetes, constipation should not eat; spleen Deficiency should not eat, more food will cause diarrhea. Grape diet recipe Grape recipe treatment of chronic nephritis 【Formulation】 60 grams of Fructus Mori Albae, Yiyiren 40 grams, 30 grams of grapes, rice amount. 【Method】 to add flavor on the 3 amount of water, porridge Serve. 【Dosage】 take 1 or 2 times a day. Grape leaf recipe high cholesterol treatment 【Formulation】 grape leaves, hawthorn, Shouwu 10 grams each. 【Method】 will increase the amount of water on the three flavor Jiantang, you can. 【Dosage】 Yin Tang, 1 or 2 times a day. 【Uses】 Grape 1. Grape is widely used, in addition to raw food can be dried outside, wine, juice, canned, and jam the system; 2. The requirements of raw materials used for cooking tablets, Roucui, nuclear and good flavor; raisins as a snack in the materials; 3. More prone to heat food, or cause diarrhea. 】 【Grapes and raisins Grapes and raisins are essentially the fruit of grapes. Just in the process of commodity circulation, Hong Kong, Shanghai and other places of the market usually tablets, thick-skinned, less juice, high quality, difficult to separate the flesh, called the storage ability of grape Vitis vinifera, but also according to different color, said bright red for the Red, purple for black to mention, yellow green to green grapes. And the tablets, soft, juicy, easy peeling the fruit called grapes, thus forming two names. Imported grapes are generally mentioned subclasses. Grape hand pinch the skin and flesh easily separated, and the red Tipi thin, difficult to separate the skin and meat. From the appearance point of view, grapes with grapes not the same degree of brown red, crimson red present, the same fruit shape, uniform size, generally the whole series, it is difficult scattered, hard in his hand. Moreover, the taste of crisp red grapes, stored in a long time, under normal conditions (do not take any action), can hold about 15 days. In recent years, imports of all meat-type grapes are called hard-to "Raisin", some growers do not speak regional differences, do not distinguish the quality of pros and cons of rushing development; they prefer the foreign variety, neglect of domestic varieties.
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Therapeutic value
Vitaceae grape vine fruit. Also known as Syzygium, Putao, grass Pearl. Many species, China has about 500 species, such as SuoSuo grapes, milk, white grape, longan, Muscat, green grapes and other than famous. General points of white grapes, red grapes two categories, the area north of the Yangtze River, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other places are growing. Autumn of the mature fruit harvest. Fresh use, or dry use. [Performance] sweet, slightly acidic, level. Will supplement the liver and kidney, blood, body fluid of Health, Lee urine. [Reference] containing glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, protein, amino acids, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, P, niacin, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and other ingredients. [Use] for liver and kidney weakness, back pain; blood deficiency, dizziness, palpitations; stomach yin deficiency, throat thirst; wet stop storage, urine negative. [Usage] raw food, wine soaked, Jiantang, or twists the juice drink. [With square] 1, ginseng wine: Suo Suo grapes (or grape) 100g, Ginseng 15g, 500g soaked with liquor. Drink 1 to 2 cups each. From "this by every original." Ginseng is a strong qi to the drug, application compatibility with the grapes can be played with liver or kidney, strong lumbar and Qi effect. For liver and kidney weakness, lumbar soreness and fatigue. 2, grape honey cream: fresh grapes 500g, smashed, twisted juice, a small fire torment thick, add equal amount of honey Jian Fei aside. Each time a key, with the boiling water of the service. From "home must be used." Fresh grape juice and honey Aogao clothes, stomach Yin, thirst excellent effect. For lack of stomach yin, throat, thirst, polydipsia, or fever. 3, grape habitat Ouzhi cream: Rehmanniae 100g, water amount, Jiantang concentrated juice and heat, and the other will be fresh grapes 100g, Xianou 200g, smashed container, after mixing with Rehmanniae concentrate, low heat boiled thick paste, add equal amount of refining honey Jian Fei Serve. Each time a key, with the boiling water of the service. From the "Sheng Hui Fang." The side of fresh grapes with Tom Lee urine to Rehmanniae, Xianou cooling blood to stop bleeding. For urine Zhise heat pain, blood in the urine. Binchuan Grape: Location: Binchuan County; Variety: 1: red grapes; 2: seedless red grapes; 3: green grapes; 4: fan Lisa seedless grapes; 5: Victoria, Portugal; 6: heart-shaped white grape; Availability: green grapes: early June to late July; red grapes: July 20 to September 20 about; seedless red grapes: 20 August to 20 September; 【】 Grape sales channels Internet sales make the sales area of grape wider price information becomes more transparent, way, in the agricultural price information issued by the Ministry of Information more authoritative, so that merchants and growers a more comprehensive consideration of local market prices. The new network marketing model grape households. Popularity of network information to the farmers of new way of selling grapes to develop more rapidly.
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History
"Compendium of Materia Medica": "Grapes, for Syzygium Han can into the drink heavily, drink drunk, however others pottery, so there is a name. The circle by the famous grass Pearl, the elderly horse of milk grapes, white persons were crystal grapes and black persons were purple grapes. Han Zhang Qian to the Western Regions also made and may only such. and "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" has been grapes, the old Han Longxi before, but not into the ear off. "
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Pronunciation
Grape [pútao] For example: Raisins [pútaogān] Wine [pútaojiǔ] Glucose [pútaotáng] Grape variety Grape variety in the world than 8000, China has more than 500. Well-known example: purple round, jeweled "longan", as the "Pearl of the North." Now the market to sell fresh fruit varieties, "Kyoho" more.
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Flowers encyclopedia
Grape Introduction Grapes Families and genera: Vitaceae Vitis Alias: Characteristics: Deciduous vine. Tendrils and leaves opposite, reddish-brown bark, peeling off strips of old time, twigs smooth, leaves alternate, suborbicular, 7-15 cm long, three to five palmately cleft, base cordate, margin with coarse teeth, two glabrous or slightly pubescent on the back, petiole 4-8 cm long. Flowers small, yellow-green, large panicle length, ellipsoidal or spherical berry, yellow-green or purple when ripe. Flowering from May to June, fruit mature from August to September. Distribution and habits: Origin in western Asia, many varieties, likes the light, hi dry and hot summer continental climate, the winter to be a certain temperature, the cold of buried when cold. In deep soil, good drainage is best grown in sandy loam. Resistant to drought, the fear of floods, deep root. Propagation and cultivation: Can be cutting, layering, grafting. Application: Grape is a good garden, scaffolding plants, both ornamental, shade, but also the results of food and wine. Photo:
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Encyclopedia
putao Grapes grape Vitaceae (Vitaceae) Grape (Vitis) deciduous woody perennial vine. Originally known Putao, Syzygium and so on. Slender shape and grape vines, brown. Alternate, simple leaves, nearly round, almost all from the margin to 3 to 7 crack, margin serrate. Axillary buds with in situ composite. Tendril or inflorescence and opposite leaves. Flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, the female can spend (pistil developed normally, but the shorter stamens, pollen sterility) and the male flowers; wild species often dioecious. Petals 5, green, even top students, flowering was separated from the base and cap off the receptacle. Berries round, oval or cylindrical, etc., the color yellow, green to red, black mixed with fruit powder; containing 1 to 4 seeds or not (see Figure berries of the structure (grape)). About 70 species of Vitis. Various species of about 8000 for the production of planting about 100 to 200, belonging to three species: ① the European population. Only European grape (V.vinifera) a species. Widely cultivated in the world is such a fine grape varieties. According to geographical origin of species can be divided into three groups: Eastern varieties group, including the ancient varieties cultivated in China, "Thompson Seedless", "milk", "longan" and later the introduction of the "White Muscat", "Paul Gal "and" White Elegance "and so on, which is characterized by strong growth potential of most plants, growing season length, adapted to arid climate, ear, and a large and beautiful fruit, but fruit number of small, weak resistance to fungal diseases, most appropriate for fresh food, "Thompson Seedless" is the main dried varieties; Black Sea species groups, such as "White Feather", "Late Red Honey," "How I even", etc., moderate or strong growth potential, ear Large, growing more short, weak and cold stronger drought tolerance; Western European varieties of groups, such as "Riesling", "Cabernet", "black he promise," "Snow White he," and so on, the ear is small and tight, small fruit or CUHK, shorter growing season, cold is strong, mostly varieties of fine wine (see color pictures of Xinjiang seedless white grapes, Xuanhua milky white grapes, longan grapes). ② East Asian populations. More than 40 species, originated in China about 30 species, wild in the north and south, the most important grape in northeast Shan (V.amurensis) -40 ~ -50 ℃ low temperature capability is the foster good parent cold grapes, can be used for cold rootstock; fruit can be brewed with a distinctive wine. ③ the North American population. There are 28 species, important species are cultivated American grape (V.labrusca), and Vitis (V.riparia), Sand Grape (V.rupestris) and other anti-phylloxera rootstock species. 60 years since the 20th century, the Chinese breed by cross breeding many new varieties. Also elected a number of good varieties and mutant clones.
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English Expression
: Putao
n.: grape, grapes, vine, vitis, green or purple berry growing in clusters on vines, used for making wine or eaten as fruit
lat.: Vitis vinifera
French Expression
n. raisin
nf. vigne
Thesaurus
Pu Tao, Putao, Syzygium, grass Pearl, Mountain marrow, Li Tao, Putao Village Grape Putao Town putao Township