① life-sustaining nutrients: nutrient-rich | the lack of nutrition. ② organisms absorb nutrients to sustain life: Songjiang perch, Xixiang the cabbage dish, for my nutrition | nutrition may look rosy.
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yíng yǎng
Animal or plant food intake and use of the sum of the process, the animals are typically includes ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation
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No. 3
Organisms absorb nutrients from the outside world to sustain life
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◎ nutrition yíngyǎng
Nutrition health
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No. 5
That livelihoods. "Sung Geography 1": "Luoyi among the world, being enlightened times of refreshing may, and many dressed old family. However, land narrow thin, forced nutrition."
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No. 6
That absorb nutrients in order to sustain life. Qu, "Journey to the Land of Hunger" 2: "the Jiangnan scenery, clear mountain Silk, Songjiang's perch, Xixiang the cabbage dish, for my nutrition." Liuqing "Pioneering" the first Chapter: "middle-aged women stubbornly to their own men do not see her very rosy Lianpan nutrition. "
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No. 7
Nutrient; nutrients. Brief Introduction to "leaving no memories language" 14: "The blazing capitalist exploitation of working children in the family which, when originally not appropriate nutrition." Lao She "set outside the small": "sea bathing, sun bath, but not enough food, nutritional deficiencies, a sea will die. "
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No. 8
Metaphor contributes to the development of the nourishment material. "Reading" No. 8, 1982: "This is a word poetry to the classical study and learn the practice of art of nutrition."
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Nutrition
(Nutrition) with biological uptake of nutrients from the outside world in order to maintain its role in life. Study food nutrition that is the role of biological science. Nutritionists is the explanation of nutrition: food nutrients and other substances in the interaction and balance between health and disease relationships, as well as feeding the body, digestion, absorption, transport, utilization and excretion of substances in the process. Nutrition in its development process, including not only the food into the body changes, such as participation in biochemical reactions and binding to tissue cells; also includes guidance on how to choose foods in order to protect the body's normal growth, development and reproduction. So in addition to nutrition, the biological significance, but also its social and economic significance. Creatures from lower to higher, from single-celled organisms to higher plants and animals from the water of life to terrestrial life, in which the different environments, different ecology. Consequent, the intake of needed nutrients and nourishment is not the same way. Biological nutrients required for its elements, there are a lot of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. These organisms are composed of protein and the main energy storage element. In addition, small amounts of sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and trace elements. Some only trace amounts of trace elements in vivo. Nutrients is essential to maintain normal life activities of food components intake of organisms. Modern nutrition research for the nutrients, mainly for human and livestock nutrition needs. Nutrients sub proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals 5 categories.
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Protein
Body tissue composed mainly of protein, body fluids also contain protein. Protein nutrition is its variety of amino acids. Amino acid composition of food have more than 20 species, of which several species can not be synthesized in humans and animals, but must be obtained from food, these amino acids are called "essential amino acids", that methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine acid, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine. In addition, the growth of young children still need to histidine, arginine, and poultry such as chickens need to glycine. In addition to these essential amino acids other than amino acids, as can be synthesized in the body, it is called "non-essential amino acids." A variety of proteins and amino acid content is not the same. Lack of certain essential amino acids, some proteins, such as gelatin protein does not contain tryptophan, lysine-free protein corn plastic. Therefore, the evaluation of a food's nutritional value of protein, primarily depending on the amount of essential amino acids contained in a variety is able to meet the body's needs. Insufficient, the body can not effectively body protein synthesis, other amino acids only after deamination metabolism, generate glucose (gluconeogenesis) and as a fuel supply heat. It can be seen, the food protein to determine its amino acid pattern is superior or inferior quality of the key. Now the international community to the whole egg pattern of essential amino acids, or essential amino acid pattern in human milk, or according to the amount of essential amino acids the human body's hypothesis model for evaluating the nutritional value of food protein standard. This is called the protein nutritional value of the chemical sub-evaluation method. In addition, biological evaluation method is based on food utilization of protein in the body to make nutritional evaluation. Commonly used in the "physical value of protein" (abbreviated as bv, for the in vivo absorption of nitrogen and nitrogen retention percentage), "net protein utilization" (abbreviated as npu, nitrogen retention for the body and the percentage of nitrogen intake, that bv × protein digestibility), or "protein efficiency ratio" (abbreviated as per, for the intake of protein per gram of body weight gain).
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Lipid
Including the neutral fat and lipid. The former is mainly the supply of energy, which many have important physiological functions. The basic lipid composition of fatty acids, essential fatty acids and fatty acids of non-essential points. There are three kinds of essential fatty acids, namely linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. These three kinds of essential fatty acids in biological activity is not the same, to the maximum of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid for the second, linolenic acid is the most? S Chang chang shovel Ailanthus Zi Mountain ? 0 C and 22 carbon long-chain fatty acids , in the brain and retinal development and function has a special role. Animals, lack of essential fatty acids, growth retardation, skin symptoms (hair loss, eczema, dermatitis, scaly skin, etc.). It was reported that when children lack essential fatty acids have the same symptoms. But it is very difficult to produce adult animals and the lack of symptoms, this is because the body has a relatively large number of linoleic acid stored it. Lack of essential fatty acids, can cause cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition changes, thereby affecting the membrane function; thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandin precursor 18 and 20 carbon-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was suggested to determine the blood three acid and arachidonic acid ratio, whether the lack of essential fatty acids as an indicator. This is due to fatty acid metabolism enzyme system in the role of competition. When linoleic acid deficiency, by extending the carbon chain of linoleic acid and de-saturation effect by the generation of arachidonic acid to reduce the amount of the other family fatty acids - oleic acid to enhance the metabolism of a large number of acid to generate 20 carbon three, so blood in the three acid and arachidonic acid increased the ratio is there. Essential fatty acid requirements of people about their daily calorie total energy requirement of 1-2%.
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Carbohydrate
Fiber, and most animals can not digest human use. Dietary fiber includes cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, polysaccharides and lignin. Early in the determination of fiber, acid and alkali digestion of plant tissue, the residue of crude fiber, most of the rest of the fiber component of losses in the determination process. Now the new method can be a variety of fiber components were measured. Dietary fiber by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract in the fermentation of cellulose enzymes, hydrolysis may have most of the short-chain fatty acids. Herbivores that as a source of energy. Epidemiological and laboratory work shows that dietary fiber can reduce the incidence of cancer, such as colon cancer. The reason is that they are hydrophilic and form a gel capacity, increased stool volume, which will help discharge, thereby accelerating tumor activity caused by the excretion of steroid metabolites, reducing the contact time with the colon. Dietary fiber is also beneficial for other diseases such as coronary heart? ⒏ bang ⅰ ⑻ quiet insect> Magpie Farm Music titanium core can be dangerous First Instance of brag sash small? Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are the nutrients that produce heat. During all biological reactions must have sufficient thermal energy. Dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate supply of energy, digestion and absorption is not part of the net after the heat value, known as physiological energy value. Per gram of protein, fat and carbohydrate physiological heat values were 4.0,9.0 and 4.0 kcal. This is usually used to calculate the dietary calorie data. Calorie intake and consumption, under normal circumstances, should be in equilibrium, that is equal to intake and consumption, for energy balance. Biology in the growth stage, the body of material is increasing, especially proteins and lipids, which are energy storage. But eating more than necessary, that the form of lipid stored in the body. In contrast, when the intake is lower than required, will consume their own material cause weight loss.
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Minerals
In the micro-nutrients, iron is an important component of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrier to carry. Copper and iron in hemoglobin synthesis in a synergistic effect. Iodine is the main component of thyroxine. Chromium is a tolerance factor of the ingredients. Cobalt is a component of vitamin b12. Zinc is known to more than 40 kinds of enzyme cofactor, a lack of will lead to growth retardation and sexual immaturity. Manganese, molybdenum and selenium are also components of the enzyme. Because of the role of fluoride against dental caries, therefore, is also essential elements. The remaining elements such as nickel, vanadium, tin, silicon found in animal experiments lack of performance, but its mechanism has not been elucidated. When excessive intake of essential elements, the body can also be adversely affected.
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Vitamin
Necessary for the body of trace organic compounds. Each vitamin has its own physiological functions. Deficiency caused by specific disease, a serious lack of can cause death. It is divided into two types of fat-soluble and water-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins are known to have a, d, e, ko water-soluble vitamins ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b6, folic acid, cobalamin, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, muscle alcohol.
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Nutrition yíng yǎng
Creatures from lower to higher, from single-celled organisms to higher plants and animals from the water of life to terrestrial life, in which the different environments, different ecology. Consequent, the intake of needed nutrients and nourishment is not the same way. Biological nutrients required for its elements, there are a lot of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. These organisms are composed of protein and the main energy storage element. In addition, small amounts of sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine and trace elements. Some only trace amounts of trace elements in vivo. Nutrients is essential to maintain normal life activities of food components intake of organisms. Modern nutrition research for the nutrients, mainly for human and livestock nutrition needs. Nutrients sub proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, water, cellulose 7 categories.
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Carbohydrate
Sugars, also known as carbohydrates, because their formula general formula Cn (H2O) m. With the development of science, it was discovered that sugar in the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are not necessarily the number ratio is 2:1, not in the form of water molecules, and some of the material is not in line with the general formula of sugar, the carbohydrates The name has lost its original meaning and rarely used. Fiber, and most animals can not digest human use. Dietary fiber includes cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, polysaccharides and lignin. Early in the determination of fiber, acid and alkali digestion of plant tissue, the residue of crude fiber, most of the rest of the fiber component of losses in the determination process. Now the new method can be a variety of fiber components were measured. Dietary fiber by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract in the fermentation of cellulose enzymes, hydrolysis may have most of the short-chain fatty acids. Herbivores that as a source of energy. Epidemiological and laboratory work shows that dietary fiber can reduce the incidence of cancer, such as colon cancer. The reason is that they are hydrophilic and form a gel capacity, increased stool volume, which will help discharge, thereby accelerating tumor activity caused by the excretion of steroid metabolites, reducing the contact time with the colon. Dietary fiber is also beneficial for other diseases such as coronary heart? ⒏ bang ⅰ ⑻ quiet insect> Magpie Farm Music titanium core can be dangerous First Instance of brag sash small? Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are the nutrients that produce heat. During all biological reactions must have sufficient thermal energy. Dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate supply of energy, digestion and absorption is not part of the net after the heat value, known as physiological energy value. Per gram of protein, fat and carbohydrate physiological heat values were 4.0,9.0 and 4.0 kcal. This is usually used to calculate the dietary calorie data. Calorie intake and consumption, under normal circumstances, should be in equilibrium, that is equal to intake and consumption, for energy balance. Biology in the growth stage, the body of material is increasing, especially proteins and lipids, which are energy storage. But eating more than necessary, that the form of lipid stored in the body. In contrast, when the intake is lower than required, will consume their own material cause weight loss.
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Vitamin
Vitamins can be enough, not better. Because vitamins are essential nutrients the human body, has important physiological functions, so some people think that vitamins eat better, this approach is not only wrong, but dangerous! Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins can be divided into two kinds of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, excessive intake of vitamin D, etc., can not but direct the urine out of the body, easy to accumulate in the body, causing poisoning. If large quantities of oral vitamin A, can occur demineralized bone, joint pain, dry skin, loss of appetite, liver and spleen enlargement and other symptoms. Large quantities of oral vitamin D, can lead to hypercalcemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diffuse muscle weakness, muscle pain. The water-soluble vitamin, and although you can eat from the urine, less toxic, but large doses can damage human organs. If large doses of vitamin C, may stimulate the gastric mucosa with bleeding. In addition, prolonged consumption of vitamins, the body can of food reduces the absorption rate of vitamins, once stop taking will lead to vitamin deficiency symptoms. Therefore, the prolonged consumption of vitamins, not a scientific approach. Normal dosage, together with the vitamins in food should be included to achieve the required number of China's food standards can be. The six essential human nutrients: Carbohydrate (total calorie intake by 50% to 60%), fat (total calorie intake by 20% to 30%), protein (total calorie intake by 10% to 15%), vitamins, minerals , fiber is essential in the six nutrients. Carbohydrate is the main source of energy, cells can be carbohydrates into glucose. Note that when we eat the fruit, we now derive the necessary daily vitamins, minerals, fiber and water. Carbohydrates found in fruits, vegetables, sugar, flour, milk, wheat, corn, oats and rice and other grains and nuts and grains. Fat can provide us with a lot of energy, including the coordination of activities required for the body fatty acids, some of it will be fat-soluble vitamins can be delivered to all parts of the body. Saturated fats are found in beef, pork, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs and food in the tropical cacao oil, unsaturated fats from pure olive oil, vegetable oil, peanut and avocado intake. Some scientists have proposed protein-rich animal protein foods easily lead to coronary heart disease, because it contains a lot of toxins and animal wastes from its cells. But modern nutritionists believe that foods containing animal protein is more healthy. The main animal protein comes from poultry meat. Protein-containing foods are meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs, wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, millet, mushroom, beans and nuts. Vitamins are an important component of the body required. All foods contain a certain element of vitamins, but the highest levels of fruits and vegetables. Vitamins are essential for regulating bodily functions. With the previously mentioned different nutrients, vitamins do not provide calories, but in the process of metabolism plays an important role. You can get vitamins from these foods: carrots, spinach, mushrooms, eggs, milk, yeast, malt, lemon, oranges, pineapple, melon, guava, cod liver oil and egg yolk. All foods contain small amounts of minerals, but the highest levels of fruits and vegetables. The most important minerals for the human body is iron, calcium, phosphorus, copper, iodine and potassium. The main minerals present in milk, cheese, butter, fish, tomatoes, spinach and butter. Fibers found in beans, grains, fruits, vegetables, wheat bran and whole wheat bread. Although the fiber has not been considered to be the most important nutrients, but it is a very respected doctors and nutritionists. It can promote digestion, especially in the removal of body waste has a magical effect. New research shows that fiber helps reduce blood cholesterol levels. Most doctors recommend a daily intake of a certain amount of fiber. The initial intake should be less, and then gradually increased to avoid poor ability to adapt to adverse reactions. Keep thinking Nutrition support is thought to correspond to a new concept. Daily intake of nutrition is to be human, which is part of the body's external parts of the body meaningful organic and inorganic. Thought to support the body's daily contact with internal or external environment have an effect on the individual stimulus. Its role as nutrition, is essential to generate the human condition. However, keep thinking the role of the human body during an impact intelligent; nutrition is an impact on human life processes. Think nutrition is: the natural properties can be divided into a sense of things, trace materials, structures and inferred material. Can be a sense of things is the direct understanding of human nature can be all things, such as water. Micro-objects but human beings do not see people with a variety of invented instruments to understand the material, such as H2O and so on. Structure refers to the physical characteristics of metaphor H (hydrogen) and O (oxygen) connectivity. A variety of human material is presumably still can not understand but there may be things such as hydrogen in the electronic division of the types of things. To the body as a reference, can be divided into inner and outer blocks of the original block of the original, the original body to block the stimulation of human life caused by or arising from changes in life processes is called within the original block, the opposite is called outside of the original block. Such as abdominal pain is within the original block. Keep thinking like many parts of the "stimulus", but to stimulate the passive, is thought to support the initiative. You can choose to control the body's own wisdom of the production process, is small when the choice of parents and the environment, grow up, through their own choice to decide the formation of intelligence. Two thousand years ago in China, "Meng Mu choose neighbors" is the best thinking to support the process of human intelligence have a profound impact on the case. To get your child to succeed, one must give them a good "keep thinking." As you add to them, "calcium" "zinc", as everything has to be the slightest. You add his "temple", he is a Taoist, added his "butcher", he is a butcher, and only when you add his "knowledge", he can become a "Mencius." Language, mathematics, history is best thought raising children, but the most important thought in his life, raise the environment.
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Female Nutrition
The following is the woman's body needs eight nutrients: 1, 400 micrograms of folic acid / day Best sources: asparagus, beets, broccoli, cereals strengthen 2, vitamin B6 1.5 mg / day Best sources: flounder, herring, tuna, lean steak, chicken breast, bananas, potatoes 3, Vitamin C 100 mg / day Best sources: cantaloupe, broccoli, grape juice, orange juice, strawberries, Caijiao 4, vitamin E 23 IU, 15 mg / day Best sources: peanut butter, sunflower oil, safflower oil, hazelnuts, sunflower seeds 5, calcium 1000 mg / day, 50 years old 1200 mg / day Best sources: broccoli, skim milk, yogurt, sardines 6, iron 20 mg / day, 50 years old 15 mg / day Best sources: lean steak, shrimp, enhanced breakfast cheese, wheat, lentils, apricots, tofu, oyster 7, magnesium 320 mg / day Best sources: buckwheat, tofu, almonds, sunflower seeds 8, zinc 15 mg / day Best sources: steak, pork chops, veal, tofu, oyster List of common food nutrition Type the name of the food total food energy (energy food) (Kcal) protein (protein food) (G) of fat (G) Carbohydrates (G) Staple food, rice noodles 3128.35.158.6 1162.60.325.9 2848.30.761.9 bread bread 22171.147 oil (oil products) of the 3866.917.651 porridge 461.10.39.9 Pork meat (fat and lean) 39513.2372.4 pork (lean) 14320.36.21.5 beef (lean) 10620.22.31.2 sauce beef 24631.411.93.2 lamb (lean) 11820.53.93.2 chicken wings 19417.411.84.6 chicken breast 13319.452.5 18,116,130 Eggs, duck eggs 14712.81011.4 18012.6133.1 goose egg white 6011.60.13.1 19611.115.62.8 water, marine fish, shrimp 8316.61.50.8 milk 11316.65.20 Dairy products, beans, yogurt 722.52.79.3 cheese 32825.723.53.5 Soy milk tofu 818.13.74.2 141.80.71.1 Vegetables tomato cucumber 150.80.22.9 190.90.24 cabbage lettuce 151.40.42.1 171.50.13.2 202.70.14.1 carrots mushrooms eggplant 211.10.24.9 401.20.29.5 potatoes 7620.217.2 Apple fruit (apple food) 520.20.213.5 510.70.211.9 orange watermelon pear 440.40.213.3 250.60.15.8 480.90.112.2 banana 911.40.222 peach grape (grape food) 430.50.210.3 560.80.614.5 kiwi apricot 360.90.19.1
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Encyclopedia
yingyang Nutrition nutrition Body ingestion, digestion, absorption and utilization of food or nourishment of the whole process of collectively. Also to indicate the amount of food nutrient content and quality of good or bad.