vegetation : agriculture > sclerotinia



Contents ·No. 1 ·English Expression ·Containing Phrases ·More results... No. 1 　　①症 状 　　幼苗茎基部呈水渍状腐烂，可引起猝倒。成株受害多在近地面的茎部、叶柄和叶片上发生水渍状淡褐色病斑，边缘不明显，常引起叶球或茎基部腐烂。种株易在终花期发生菌核病，茎秆上病斑初为浅褐色，后变成白土色，稍凹陷，最终导致组织腐朽、表皮易剥、茎内中空、碎裂成乱麻状。种荚受害也可产生黄白色病斑，严重者早期枯死、变干。在高湿条件下，茎秆、种荚和病叶表面密生白色棉絮状菌丝体和黑色鼠粪状菌核硬块，病斑发朽、变粘。重病株在茎秆和种荚内产生大量菌核。 　　②兼害蔬菜 　　除十字花科蔬菜外，还危害菜豆、豌豆、蚕豆、大豆、花生、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、莴苣、胡萝卜、菠菜、黄瓜、洋葱等。 　　③发生规律 　　由十字花科菌核病菌侵染所致。病菌以菌核在土壤中或混杂在种子间越冬、越夏或度过寄主中断期，至少可存活2年，是病害初侵染的来源。翌春，在温湿度适宜时，菌核便萌发产生子囊盘，子囊盘开放后，子囊孢子已成熟，稍受震动就一齐喷出，并随气流传播、扩散进行初侵染。花瓣和衰老的叶片极易受侵染。菌丝在寄主组织的细胞间隙分泌果胶酶以融解中胶层，拆散组织细胞，造成寄主组织死亡。植株与植株之间或同一植株的各器官之间的传播必须依靠病健部位的直接接触，由病部长出白绵毛状菌丝体传染。多雨潮湿时，病害还会迅速蔓延。发病后期，在病茎、病荚内外或病叶上产生大量菌核，落入土壤、粪肥、脱粒场或夹杂在种子、荚壳及残屑中越冬。 　　④发病条件 　　在花期，温暖、高湿的环境条件易造成病害猖獗流行。 　　⑤防治措施 　　清田选种：留种田消灭菌核，减少初次侵染源，以提高种子质量。具体可采用轮作和深翻留种田灭菌；处理病残株和减少收获时遗落菌核量；留种要注意清选种子，以剔除种子中夹杂的菌核。在播前还可用10％～15％的盐水或硫酸铵水选种，能漂浮汰除绝大部分的菌核，选种后需立即用清水冲洗，以免影响发芽。 　　加强田间管理：种株合理密植，改善栽培田环境和巧施磷肥，培育壮苗，提高植株抗病力。要注意合理密植、通风透光外，在春季多雨情况下，应适时清沟防渍，降低田间湿度。在管理过程中，进行“重施基肥，巧施磷肥，冬盖浮粪，早施返青肥”，可促使壮苗早发。 　　化学防治：用1∶2的草木灰、熟石灰混合粉，撒于根部四周，每667平方米30千克；l∶8硫黄、石灰混合粉，喷于植株中下部，每667平方米5千克，可在抽薹后期或始、盛花期施用，以消灭初期子囊盘和子囊孢子。在始花期，用70％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍液；70％甲基托布津、50％多菌灵或40％纹枯利可湿性粉剂1000倍液；0．2％～0．3％波尔多液或13波美度石硫合剂喷洒植株茎基部、老叶和地面上；40％菌核净l500～2000倍液，或50％腐霉利1000～1200倍液，在病发初期开始用药，每隔7～10天1次，连续喷药2～3次。 English Expression :  sclerotinia,  stalk break Containing Phrases eggplant sclerotinia chrysanthemum sclerotinia Li (surname) sclerotinia peach sclerotinia pear brown fruit rot plum sclerotinia alfalfa sclerotinia eggplant sclerotinia chrysanthemum sclerotinia onion sclerotinia soja sclerotinia sclerotinia rot of colza garlic sclerotinia sclerotinia rot pepper sclerotinia flax sclerotinia ginseng sclerotinia broussonetia papyrifera sclerotinia loquat sclerotinia Zhangxiao sclerotinia citrus sclerotinia Xiaohei sclerotinia camelia sclerotinia tare sclerotinia leeks sclerotinia Youguo sclerotinia H. rosa-sinensis L. sclerotinia cuckoo sclerotinia Vitis vinifera sclerotinia sclerotinia rot of castor bean bergamot sclerotinia pulse sclerotinia radish sclerotinia grass sclerotinia artichoke sclerotinia string bean sclerotinia spruce sclerotinia ginger sclerotinia red bean sclerotinia Chillies sclerotinia pea sclerotinia melon sclerotinia sasage bean sclerotinia weeping forsythia sclerotinia Yaqin sclerotinia gentian sclerotinia globule sclerotinia mulberry sclerotinia jute sclerotinia Heili sclerotinia Heifu sclerotinia comfrey sclerotinia sclerotinia of tomato chinese cabbage sclerotinia baccy sclerotinia peony sclerotinia coltsfoot sclerotinia Bulbus Narcissi Chinensi sclerotinia beet sclerotinia daphne sclerotinia cottony rot of cabbage potato sclerotinia cantaloup sclerotinia Wuqing sclerotinia peony sclerotinia buckwheat sclerotinia Lianxiao sclerotinia strawberry sclerotinia celery sclerotinia ramie sclerotinia Tea plum sclerotinia gules sclerotinia Luoshi sclerotinia Jiexiang sclerotinia chickling sclerotinia Yinghuafu sclerotinia Taohefu sclerotinia Ox horn flower sclerotinia carelessly radish sclerotinia daghestan sweet clover sclerotinia Earthnut big sclerotinia lupin sclerotinia petunia sclerotinia Astragalus sinicus sclerotinia zinnia sclerotinia zoysia sclerotinia violet sclerotinia purple alfalfa sclerotinia helianthus sclerotinia gladiolus sclerotinia clay Angelica sclerotinia land trilobate sclerotinia south alfalfa sclerotinia Dali chrysanthemum sclerotinia fig sclerotinia freesia sclerotinia Shanyucai sclerotinia bellflower sclerotinia carnation sclerotinia potato sclerotinia hyacinth sclerotinia Chuchong chrysanthemum sclerotinia gerbera sclerotinia granadilla sclerotinia Shebianju sclerotinia Grass small sclerotinia anemone sclerotinia periwinkle sclerotinia antirrhinum sclerotinia marigold sclerotinia Buckeye plum sclerotinia tulip sclerotinia Paddy globule sclerotinia Cocoa butter chrysanthemum sclerotinia Cole Dongku sclerotinia cherry, cherry blossom Taohefu sclerotinia Cherry blossom corrupt sclerotinia Potato Liku sclerotinia Onion granule sclerotinia Barley Xuefu sclerotinia Leeks granule sclerotinia Bingcaoxuefu sclerotinia ginseng Heifu sclerotinia Corn Xuefu sclerotinia cinnamon Bamboo shoot [sprout] small sclerotinia Japan abies sclerotinia Japan Sung Choi sclerotinia cryptomeria sclerotinia Phalaris arundinacea Xuefu sclerotinia Buckwheat Lifu sclerotinia Cob incubation sclerotinia red clover sclerotinia Tomato granule sclerotinia Asparagus small sclerotinia trifolium sclerotinia plume cottony rot of cabbage Sheep fescue Xuefu sclerotinia crimson clover sclerotinia Cocksfoot Xuefu sclerotinia Xuefudali sclerotinia Quemaixuefu sclerotinia Darnel Xuefu sclerotinia Xanthic flowers Maoxuefu sclerotinia musk vetchling sclerotinia Floss Caoxuefu sclerotinia Sweden clover sclerotinia Swallow wheat straw hood Xuefu sclerotinia Pyrethrum granule sclerotinia lanugo chickling sclerotinia Timothy Xuefu sclerotinia Bluegrass Xuefu sclerotinia Agrostis Xuefu sclerotinia Medicinal plant M. verticillata L. sclerotinia Medicinal plant bergamot (Citrus medica) sclerotinia Medicinal plant coriander sclerotinia Beach Wormwood blast sclerotinia Meadow foxtail Xuefu sclerotinia