vegetation : agriculture > sclerotinia
Contents
No. 1
  ①症 状
  幼苗茎基部呈水渍状腐烂,可引起猝倒。成株受害多在近地面的茎部、叶柄和叶片上发生水渍状淡褐色病斑,边缘不明显,常引起叶球或茎基部腐烂。种株易在终花期发生菌核病,茎秆上病斑初为浅褐色,后变成白土色,稍凹陷,最终导致组织腐朽、表皮易剥、茎内中空、碎裂成乱麻状。种荚受害也可产生黄白色病斑,严重者早期枯死、变干。在高湿条件下,茎秆、种荚和病叶表面密生白色棉絮状菌丝体和黑色鼠粪状菌核硬块,病斑发朽、变粘。重病株在茎秆和种荚内产生大量菌核。
  ②兼害蔬菜
  除十字花科蔬菜外,还危害菜豆、豌豆、蚕豆、大豆、花生、马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、莴苣、胡萝卜、菠菜、黄瓜、洋葱等。
  ③发生规律
  由十字花科菌核病菌侵染所致。病菌以菌核在土壤中或混杂在种子间越冬、越夏或度过寄主中断期,至少可存活2年,是病害初侵染的来源。翌春,在温湿度适宜时,菌核便萌发产生子囊盘,子囊盘开放后,子囊孢子已成熟,稍受震动就一齐喷出,并随气流传播、扩散进行初侵染。花瓣和衰老的叶片极易受侵染。菌丝在寄主组织的细胞间隙分泌果胶酶以融解中胶层,拆散组织细胞,造成寄主组织死亡。植株与植株之间或同一植株的各器官之间的传播必须依靠病健部位的直接接触,由病部长出白绵毛状菌丝体传染。多雨潮湿时,病害还会迅速蔓延。发病后期,在病茎、病荚内外或病叶上产生大量菌核,落入土壤、粪肥、脱粒场或夹杂在种子、荚壳及残屑中越冬。
  ④发病条件
  在花期,温暖、高湿的环境条件易造成病害猖獗流行。
  ⑤防治措施
  清田选种:留种田消灭菌核,减少初次侵染源,以提高种子质量。具体可采用轮作和深翻留种田灭菌;处理病残株和减少收获时遗落菌核量;留种要注意清选种子,以剔除种子中夹杂的菌核。在播前还可用10%~15%的盐水或硫酸铵水选种,能漂浮汰除绝大部分的菌核,选种后需立即用清水冲洗,以免影响发芽。
  加强田间管理:种株合理密植,改善栽培田环境和巧施磷肥,培育壮苗,提高植株抗病力。要注意合理密植、通风透光外,在春季多雨情况下,应适时清沟防渍,降低田间湿度。在管理过程中,进行“重施基肥,巧施磷肥,冬盖浮粪,早施返青肥”,可促使壮苗早发。
  化学防治:用1∶2的草木灰、熟石灰混合粉,撒于根部四周,每667平方米30千克;l∶8硫黄、石灰混合粉,喷于植株中下部,每667平方米5千克,可在抽薹后期或始、盛花期施用,以消灭初期子囊盘和子囊孢子。在始花期,用70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍液;70%甲基托布津、50%多菌灵或40%纹枯利可湿性粉剂1000倍液;0.2%~0.3%波尔多液或13波美度石硫合剂喷洒植株茎基部、老叶和地面上;40%菌核净l500~2000倍液,或50%腐霉利1000~1200倍液,在病发初期开始用药,每隔7~10天1次,连续喷药2~3次。
English Expression
  1. :  sclerotinia,  stalk break
Containing Phrases
eggplant sclerotiniachrysanthemum sclerotiniaLi (surname) sclerotinia
peach sclerotiniapear brown fruit rotplum sclerotinia
alfalfa sclerotiniaeggplant sclerotiniachrysanthemum sclerotinia
onion sclerotiniasoja sclerotiniasclerotinia rot of colza
garlic sclerotiniasclerotinia rotpepper sclerotinia
flax sclerotiniaginseng sclerotiniabroussonetia papyrifera sclerotinia
loquat sclerotiniaZhangxiao sclerotiniacitrus sclerotinia
Xiaohei sclerotiniacamelia sclerotiniatare sclerotinia
leeks sclerotiniaYouguo sclerotiniaH. rosa-sinensis L. sclerotinia
cuckoo sclerotiniaVitis vinifera sclerotiniasclerotinia rot of castor bean
bergamot sclerotiniapulse sclerotiniaradish sclerotinia
grass sclerotiniaartichoke sclerotiniastring bean sclerotinia
spruce sclerotiniaginger sclerotiniared bean sclerotinia
Chillies sclerotiniapea sclerotiniamelon sclerotinia
sasage bean sclerotiniaweeping forsythia sclerotiniaYaqin sclerotinia
gentian sclerotiniaglobule sclerotiniamulberry sclerotinia
jute sclerotiniaHeili sclerotiniaHeifu sclerotinia
comfrey sclerotiniasclerotinia of tomatochinese cabbage sclerotinia
baccy sclerotiniapeony sclerotiniacoltsfoot sclerotinia
Bulbus Narcissi Chinensi sclerotiniabeet sclerotiniadaphne sclerotinia
cottony rot of cabbagepotato sclerotiniacantaloup sclerotinia
Wuqing sclerotiniapeony sclerotiniabuckwheat sclerotinia
Lianxiao sclerotiniastrawberry sclerotiniacelery sclerotinia
ramie sclerotiniaTea plum sclerotiniagules sclerotinia
Luoshi sclerotiniaJiexiang sclerotiniachickling sclerotinia
Yinghuafu sclerotiniaTaohefu sclerotiniaOx horn flower sclerotinia
carelessly radish sclerotiniadaghestan sweet clover sclerotiniaEarthnut big sclerotinia
lupin sclerotiniapetunia sclerotiniaAstragalus sinicus sclerotinia
zinnia sclerotiniazoysia sclerotiniaviolet sclerotinia
purple alfalfa sclerotiniahelianthus sclerotiniagladiolus sclerotinia
clay Angelica sclerotinialand trilobate sclerotiniasouth alfalfa sclerotinia
Dali chrysanthemum sclerotiniafig sclerotiniafreesia sclerotinia
Shanyucai sclerotiniabellflower sclerotiniacarnation sclerotinia
potato sclerotiniahyacinth sclerotiniaChuchong chrysanthemum sclerotinia
gerbera sclerotiniagranadilla sclerotiniaShebianju sclerotinia
Grass small sclerotiniaanemone sclerotiniaperiwinkle sclerotinia
antirrhinum sclerotiniamarigold sclerotiniaBuckeye plum sclerotinia
tulip sclerotiniaPaddy globule sclerotiniaCocoa butter chrysanthemum sclerotinia
Cole Dongku sclerotiniacherry, cherry blossom Taohefu sclerotiniaCherry blossom corrupt sclerotinia
Potato Liku sclerotiniaOnion granule sclerotiniaBarley Xuefu sclerotinia
Leeks granule sclerotiniaBingcaoxuefu sclerotiniaginseng Heifu sclerotinia
Corn Xuefu sclerotiniacinnamon Bamboo shoot [sprout] small sclerotiniaJapan abies sclerotinia
Japan Sung Choi sclerotiniacryptomeria sclerotiniaPhalaris arundinacea Xuefu sclerotinia
Buckwheat Lifu sclerotiniaCob incubation sclerotiniared clover sclerotinia
Tomato granule sclerotiniaAsparagus small sclerotiniatrifolium sclerotinia
plume cottony rot of cabbageSheep fescue Xuefu sclerotiniacrimson clover sclerotinia
Cocksfoot Xuefu sclerotiniaXuefudali sclerotiniaQuemaixuefu sclerotinia
Darnel Xuefu sclerotiniaXanthic flowers Maoxuefu sclerotiniamusk vetchling sclerotinia
Floss Caoxuefu sclerotiniaSweden clover sclerotiniaSwallow wheat straw hood Xuefu sclerotinia
Pyrethrum granule sclerotinialanugo chickling sclerotiniaTimothy Xuefu sclerotinia
Bluegrass Xuefu sclerotiniaAgrostis Xuefu sclerotiniaMedicinal plant M. verticillata L. sclerotinia
Medicinal plant bergamot (Citrus medica) sclerotiniaMedicinal plant coriander sclerotiniaBeach Wormwood blast sclerotinia
Meadow foxtail Xuefu sclerotinia