Lotus why 出淤泥而不染? Because its surface is very smooth, dirt is difficult to stay? Not. Scientists used a scanning electron microscope and found that the petals of the lotus surface as rough as ground glass, the net is a 20-micron-sized "lump." This is called "lotus effect" that gives an unexpected revelation. It inspired people to develop coatings and paint, so that the wall like a lotus, as contamination, forever bright colors. Also known as self-cleaning lotus effect effects can be applied to many places. Most important is the one used in the fabric above, such as water, oil ties, as well as water and oil in the Ordos cashmere sweater. Another is self-cleaning glass. If we see this principle applied to the car's paint, building the wall, or glass, not only at the surface can be kept clean and also reduces the detergent pollution of the environment, can be both safe and effort .
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Lotus effect theory
荷花效应原理
荷花效应原理
荷花效应原理
Seventies of last century, the German scientists botanical classification - 威廉巴特洛 special, he and his colleagues in the experiment, accidentally discovered an unconventional phenomenon. By convention, the experimental plants have been cleaned, but they note: usually only those leaves a smooth surface only needs cleaning, but looks rough leaves, usually very clean. Especially the lotus leaf, its surface is not only without dust, and even the water is non-stick. Ultimately, the growth of the lotus mud, because it provides a very rich humus for the growth of lotus required. But breaking out of the water on a lotus leaf, not only mud, dust, sticky, making it difficult for even the water droplets to stay on top of steady, while, as though he will be able to cleaning up the leaves. Since ancient times to say that is because when the water drops on a lotus leaf fall, when it is due to the surface that is the surface tension, the drops will become, that is spherical or approximately spherical, then, It will roll away from the lotus leaf surface, and then is taken away some of the leaves above the dirty material. In fact, this lightness finds, that is the main leaves. So why does it have self-cleaning feature? The beginning on a lotus leaf is believed that the layer of white waxy crystalline decision. Its surface is a layer of wax material, we can see with the eyes, and hands can feel. You can touch his hand, it has a rough feel. Lotus leaf epidermal cells secrete the wax crystals in the electron microscope, showing a linear or hair-like structures, and in the front and back of the blade are distributed. But water can not form a ball of a leaf rolling freely, but will also remain in the center. Then talk to other leaves of plants to be compared. Far not to mention, took the same family with the lotus water lily, it also leaves a positive wax, but the water droplets up, quickly paving, spread, and as much as drops of water in less than a big bead on lotus leaf beads off the jade plate effect. So in addition to wax crystallization in addition, must also another doorway. If the electron microscope, they would find it (leaf) surface there are some that such a tiny protrusion, the protrusion is such a tiny tiny micro-level processes, then this tiny micro-level processes above but also to form a nano-level processes. We touch the leaves feel rough when, in fact, the processes generated by these tiny, they are average size is about 10 microns. Those smaller processes, only 200 nanometers in diameter. To know only the thousandth of a millimeter micron, while the nano is small to a certain extent, it is only one thousandth of microns. In the end be? I'll give you an analogy, suppose the diameter of a human hair is 0.05 mm, then, Crash, Crash, Crash, Crash, put it vertical Generative 50000, that is, each about the thickness of 1 nm, small enough for it . I did not expect it, the rough surface of lotus leaves, even with such a fine micro-Mega-nanometer dual structure. The first structure is that it's the milk that micron-scale convex, may be about 10 microns to 12 microns, such a size, and depth may be between 12 to 15 microns, the mastoid, and then milk that has a convex top is the skin secretion of wax crystals, the observation that under the electron microscope, can see it is the kind of hair or a linear structure. In other words, those "micro scale" of the hill and superimposed a number of "nano" hill. As a lotus leaf surface, covered with a "hill", "Mountain" and "Mountain" gap between the very narrow, then only a small drop in the "hills" on the run around. The drop in the roll of the time, also took away the dust and bacteria on the leaves. It is not to have such a structure, we can guarantee the water on a lotus leaf is not it? Scientists soon discovered that if we put the leaves into the water immersion time, the leaves from the hydrophobic surface becomes hydrophilic, which is why? Germany has done this experiment a scientist, the lotus leaf into the water 10 meters below the chance to time, and then test it becomes hydrophilic, because it is trapped in between the mastoid and nano-crystals that air is excluded , is that little by little into the water molecules into the membrane to that in the air, the exhaust air after it had this becomes hydrophilic. It turned out that head far more than "hill" of water droplets and dust, has been able to in the "hills" on the run around, not only because the mountain is too small gap between the most critical is because the mountain and hill between are air filled to tightly, forming a cushion like things, the water droplets to separate the. If the cushion is not a lotus leaf will become hydrophilic. Immersed in the water lotus leaf, due to pressure effect, the middle of this layer of air squeezed out from the hills, so scientists can see the emergence of the phenomenon. Since the discovery of the self-cleaning lotus leaf sticky characteristics of the water, people put the phenomenon known as the lotus effect. In fact, there are many biological in nature have shown similar characteristics. The leaves are also non-stick rice water, and leaves the difference is that water droplets on a lotus leaf, in every direction within the plane. The drop in rice leaves are usually rolled along the direction of the vein, when the vertical vein, relative to some difficulties. But this is the shape of leaves with their respective fit. Not only plants, animals too. For example, water striders walk on water when it is, the water strider legs to walk upright in the water, actually because of the water strider legs it is a super-hydrophobic, so it will surface tension of the water line, and then support it body, then let it jump, mosquitoes also. Nevertheless, people have always believed that the surface structure of lotus leaves, as reflected in the most perfect self-cleaning feature, always wanted to imitate it, thereby creating a wide variety of hydrophobic materials. This thing looks very simple, done. You want, then fine form, are we only look at the electron microscope, like two hands with such a similar structure to copy, almost impossible, therefore, where the first has a very high technical content. But scientists with the help of our dreams into reality slowly.
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Prospect of lotus effect
荷花效应前景
荷花效应前景
荷花效应前景
荷花效应前景
By electron microscopy than 10,000 kinds of plants on the surface structure of the study, eventually revealing a smooth surface of the leaves need to be placed under the microscope after washing observed, the surface covered with a thin layer of wax crystals in the leaves (which is waterproof leaf characteristics), but clean. Concluded that the tiny wax crystals in plant leaves to become rough, which is stain-resistant mechanism of plants with the key. In March 1999, the first come on the market. In the near future, solar panels, road traffic signage, garden seat and cover sheet and other materials are only a small amount of water can rinse. This is just a beginning, a few years, the "lotus effect" may be directly applied to any building or open air transportation in paints, coatings and surface materials.
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Lotus effect application
荷花效应应用
荷花效应应用
① imitation lotus leaf structure of the water Namib China is the world's first country to make the Namib, is made out of the Chinese Academy of chemical; Polypropylene fabric, with a particle size of 20 nanometers or so polypropylene aqueous dispersion, padding, light. Particles bonded to the fiber surface to form the uneven surface structure, a two sparse material, that is hydrophobic and oil. Oil or water to the cloth on the back, not wet, it will not tarnish. In fact, the leaves naturally on such a nature. Water droplets do not wet the leaves never dip, as a lotus leaf is said to be 700 long with some nano-scale hair, hair very close, we look at the naked eye is difficult to tell the difference. But touch can feel a domesticated hen thing. This thing let the leaves lose water to its invasive nature. With such characteristics of this fabric on with a self-cleaning. If we use clothes made of this material will waterproof. If you use this material handling glass, made of uneven surface structure, it seems there is no problem, but not fogging, not wet. ② water and oil repellent nano-tie on Why do the leaves have such a good hydrophobic? Foreign scientists have suggested that leaves micron hydrophobic in its structure, and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Li-Jun Wan and others in the study further found that the leaves of the hydrophobic due to its nanostructure. They will be the result of a business cooperation with Zhejiang, developed a "waterproof" tie, and was President Jiang Zemin as a gift to President Bush. ③ Since flotation material of clean water Supramolecular application of research results as an important example, the German professor from the University of Bonn barthlott self-cleaning effect of lotus leaf has been inspired by the successful development of an easy-clean surface buildings and transportation coatings. Drops from a lotus leaf rolling, you can remove the dust particles on the adsorption, which is the lotus leaf's self "cleaning effect", barthlott professor first to recognize this and apply it to life cleaning. Lotus effect, as a good model can be used for many areas of research, such as the lotus effect on the production of coating the surface for easy cleaning house or building. Lotus leaf effect can significantly reduce the use of detergents for people, help the environment. ④ lotus leaf surface morphology; Ph.D. University of Bonn, Germany for many years in the lotus effect barthlott biological research, has made outstanding achievements in 1998 was awarded the German Future Prize presidential nomination. Germany in collaboration with Dr. ispo with barthlott, the microstructure of the lotus leaf "clone" to the ispo company's silicone coating - dew fairy in successfully apply paint into the lotus effect. Magnification 7000 times in under a microscope you can see, the leaves of water and dust on its surface contact area by 90 percent, almost no water residues were excluded, and took away the dust from each one attached to the water particles. ⑤ hydrophobic coating the leaves with the test As a result, researchers believe that the production of super-hydrophobic coatings, no longer need expensive materials and time-consuming process, and more without adding any nano-materials, because "the lotus of the hydrophobic effect," provides a simple people The method can be used to create super-hydrophobic coatings to solve technical problems, so the production cost of super-hydrophobic coatings are also expected to be greatly reduced. ⑥ stereoregular isotactic polypropylene used for the development of a new waterproof coating According to overseas media reports, Turkey kocaeli University researchers recently developed a use of stereoregular isotactic polypropylene (ipp) production of super-hydrophobic coating of waterproof easy way. This method is the use of solvent treatment to form a similar sol ipp coating, like the lotus leaf surface structure as water-resistant. According to the researchers, the coating can be widely used in glass, metal, textiles and other structural surfaces. According to reports, researchers ipp dissolved in xylene in and add cyclohexanone, isopropanol or methyl ethyl ketone solvent (nonsolvent) made of sol, the sol brushing the surface to the structure, formed after solvent evaporation coating. ⑦ functional nanohole flotation In the leaves of the scanning electron microscope photographs, the surface structure is clearly visible, those nano-structure is uneven researchers looking for answers. After a bump nano-structured treated fabric, began to show hydrophobic, oleophobic characteristics. In fact, this leaves many on the nanopore, water droplets or oil droplets in the liquid droplets in the interface even when the film will form a layer of air, water or oil to make this performance can not be penetrated, resulting in a hydrophobic oleophobic a wonderful effect.
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Lotus effect paint
Homeowners and home builders want to keep dry and clean outer wall. However, China still unsatisfactory environmental conditions, outside the walls tend to be contaminated, and some have even been seriously polluted. Therefore, people have been exploring the outer wall can keep dry and clean architectural coatings. Lotus leaf effect paint is dry and clean to maintain the outer wall of a building coatings, architectural coatings is the application of bionics in an example. I. lotus leaf effect the development of latex long, long time since the optimization of self-cleaning feature is present in nature, the lotus leaf is one of the representatives. Lotus has a good hydrophobic surface, and in fact is not moist, it mud and spotless. This is to adapt to the environment and long-term evolution of the results. Born German professor of botany at the University of lotus leaves w.bartblott studied the structure and mechanism of lotus leaf effect. The study found that lotus leaves have been more than performance, because both leaf surfaces hydrophobic, there is a microstructure. Germany sto ispo subsidiary companies listed under the lotus effect and mechanism of silicone resin exterior paint the practical application of the results, after three years of study, successfully transplanted to the lotus effect exterior latex paint, has developed a micro-structure of silicone latex paint, latex paint that lotus effect. This leaves a lasting effect paint using less hydrophobic emulsifier silicone emulsion and some other special material, and the formation of a nano-scale microstructure, making it the film has a similar surface structure of lotus leaves, cleaning up water repellent function. Lotus and lotus leaf effect paint the structure is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen, the two structures are very similar. Lotus leaf effect mechanism The lotus leaf effect on the market or latex paint, mostly by reducing the surface tension to achieve. This by lowering the surface tension, which increase the contact angle with water is limited, can be increased to about 1200 or so, such as silicone coating on the market with an initial water contact angle of about 930-1150; their contact area with the basic dust not changed, therefore, the results of lotus leaf effect is limited, it is difficult to achieve while maintaining the coating dry, but also has self-cleaning function. The contact angle with water to reach at least 1300, when the surface has significant hydrophobic, into the water before rolling beads with self-cleaning function. Material properties are determined by its composition and structure. To reduce surface tension and form a combination of microstructure, in order to achieve good results lotus effect. According to surface physical chemistry of surface roughness can see the influence of the contact angle, when the contact angle is less than 900, the bigger the surface roughness can further reduce the contact angle; and when the contact angle greater than 900, the rough surface to make contact with angle further. Lotus leaf effect paint coating with water contact angle greater than 900, so the rough microstructure can improve the contact angle, can be increased to about 1400. On the other hand, a micro-rough surface, you can also make the coating of dust and dropped to the original contact area below 1%, so that the adhesion of dust and water is greater than the dust and coating adhesion. Therefore, when it rains, the rain rolled in the beads on the wall, while the dust away, so that the wall to keep dry and clean, as shown in Figure 2. This is the latex of the lotus leaf effect mechanism. Self-cleaning effect of water movement Born in Germany to develop a rapid determination of the University moving water to clean the role of test method, known as the _set_ of gray test. That the coating test board, sprinkle some black or ash, then a few drops of water dripping, shaking the test plate slightly tilted, so the water moves back and forth on the test board. For an ordinary film, including the silicone coating, with water movement in the film of water on the left with gray trace. Lotus effect coating for the paint, beads of water into a large point, black or ash concentration in the periphery of large drops, while film remains clean. Lotus leaf effect of latex paint stain resistance Paint stain resistance test more reliable method is to place the test plate 900 natural exposure method. Lotus leaf effect paint has a very good stain resistance. Lotus effect in addition to latex, the latex silicate composite coatings with good stain resistance. After observation, the stain resistance is good through the large surface of the powder and to achieve. The lotus effect is due to self-cleaning function of latex paint to make it a very good stain resistance. Actual project results also proved this point. Such as Xiamen, a lotus leaf effect paint brush works, more than three years, but still as new. In addition, the leaves refuse to effect paint has a good water permeability and durability. But in some areas, but also pay attention to the so-called rain tendon problems. In short, this is the first time people used natural lotus effect coatings. Lotus leaf effect paint the silicone coating on the advantages and the results of years Ziran Jie Yan Bian combine to further develop the existing wall paint, in particular, the silicone coating to the wall to keep dry, clean and durable as possible.
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Other magical phenomenon lotus
荷花效应 荷花的其它神奇现象
荷花效应 荷花的其它神奇现象
荷花效应 荷花的其它神奇现象
Lotus is the aquatic plants, likes the relatively stable calm shallow water, lakes, moor, pond is its proper habitat. Lotus varieties determined by water demand, large individual plant species such as the ancient lotus, red Chiba relatively deeper water, but not more than 1.7 meters. Plant type is only suitable for small and medium 20 to 60 cm depth. Lotus also very sensitive to the water loss in summer as long as 3 hours without irrigation, planted tank leaves it sluggish, if day without water, the lotus leaf coke, bud dieback. Lotus is also very happy light, growth period require full light environment. Lotus extremely shade-tolerant, will grow in semi-shade to show strong phototaxis. Lotus said, "出淤泥而不染", which is the personification of moral people to Lotus praise. In fact, the underground stem of lotus flowers grow in the mud, how not to be toxic infection from? Lotus particularly fine because the skin tissue under the skin and contain tannin, a certain block or the ability to absorb toxic substances, toxic substances and therefore more adhesion in the epidermis or into the skin, the human eye can not see nothing. So remember when slashing the skin in the consumption of lotus root, not to eat toxic substances into the belly. Since ancient times, the lotus on its watch, edible, medicinal and other purposes to be popular. Scenic view of the function at the lotus Needless to say, the effectiveness of its consumption is also known early. As early as five thousand years ago, the ancestors have been picked up for the food Hasumi. Put people first, this lotus, lotus seeds and flowers, to make the dishes into the international market. In addition, lotus stems, leaves, flowers, traditional Chinese medicine timber are real, some part of it or cure certain diseases.
