Chinese name: Sumatran tiger Latin Literature Name: panthera tigris sumatrae
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Shape features
Sumatran tiger is the tiger sub-species of living in the smallest body, the male tigers average length of 2.4 meters, weighing 120 kg; Cihu body length of 2.2 meters, weighing about 90 kg. Their compact shape so that they can quickly pass through the jungle. Sumatran tiger who has deep orange stripes with dense fur, with a typical tropical island tiger characteristics.
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Distribution
Sumatran tiger habitat in Sumatra islands is mainly tropical rainforest within the scope of activities based on prey density and habitat size of the extent of the area. The density distribution of an average of 5 tigers / 100 square kilometers. Sumatran Tiger Conservation Programme erdas imagine the researchers used remote sensing image processing system to draw the known and potential habitat of the Sumatran tiger distribution map, and analyze the threats they face. Such applications include two aspects: 1. In national parks, the researchers used satellite images classification of land resources in detecting known tiger designated distribution area on the image to identify the typical characteristics of tiger habitat; 2. Researchers on optical and remote sensing image analysis to identify other possible areas in Sumatra tigers for a similar environment.
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Environment
Sumatra islands within the tropical rain forests.
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Habits
Sumatran tiger is the main food sambar, wild boar, porcupines, crocodiles, pythons, baby rhino, and calves and so on. Unlike living in the plains of the cheetah and the lion, tiger Sumatran rainforest must rely on potential attacks on prey.
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Growth and reproduction
Cihu pregnancy of about 103 days, 2-4 cubs per viviparous. At birth, the tiger cub, weighing about 2.2-3 pounds. At this time the cub has not yet opened his eyes and body are extremely fragile, Cihu must always protect the young, so male tiger and other animals from harm. Ten days later, pups eyes open, from 1 to 8 weeks to be completely dependent on milk for a living. After about 6 months, Cihu prey began to teach them skills. Maximum life span of wild Sumatran tigers for 15 years, the Sumatran tiger in captivity the longest life expectancy of 20 years.
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Population Status
Due to human intrusion, and the destructive exploitation of natural resources, the Sumatran tiger habitat has been reduced, and was cut into pieces quickly. Survey conducted in 1978 estimated the number of wild Sumatran tiger about 1000. In 1985, Indonesia's Forestry Administration estimates there are 26 surveyors Tiger Reserve there are signs that the number of 800 or so. By 1992, Indonesia's forestry sector and the Nature Conservancy (phpa) made a statistical, as well as 400 Sumatran tigers located in 5 national parks, including: 1.gunung leuser National Park: 1993 estimated 110-180 adult tigers there are activities. Rapid decline in forests and illegal hunting are the major threats facing the tiger. In 2003, the people through satellite imagery analysis, the park has lost 662 square kilometers of forests, parks edge of the forest 10 km buffer zone also began to disappear. If at this rate, before and after in 2036, where the forest will be gone. 2.kambas National Park: 3.kerinci seblat National Park: The park was established in 1981, an area of 14,846 square kilometers, is Indonesia's second largest national park. In 1992, it is estimated there are about 76 wild tigers activities. At present, continue to erode the rubber plantation where the remnants of forest. 4.bukit tigapuluh National Park: The park adjacent to the kerinci seblat National Park, in 1995, was declared a national park. The total area of about 1,290 square kilometers of the park, the district has an area of 300 square kilometers of virgin rainforest. Analysis of satellite images identified by the gis, berbak national parks and national park bukit tigapuluh exists between an ecological corridor, which provides for wild tiger population gene flow basis. 5. Bukit barisan selatan National Park: The park was established in 1982, Indonesia's third largest national park. This estimated 40-43 adult tigers live. Place every year at least 340 square kilometers of forest were cut down. Status in captivity Sumatran tigers in captivity, mainly in Indonesia, North America, Europe, Australia and Japan, the zoo exhibit. According to Indonesian Zoo Association (pkbsi) estimates that worldwide there are more than 230 Sumatran tigers are all over the zoo, with Indonesia zoo 65; European zoo 100; Australia Zoo 12; North American zoos have 55; Japanese zoo 2. There are also 32 male and 29 Cihu tigers living in the island of Java, Sumatra tiger in the conservation center. Endangered 1, habitat destruction: 2, over-hunting: In Sumatra, tiger hunting behavior has been very rampant. In the local streets, you can see tiger, tigers, tiger skins and other tiger products for sale. The early 20th century, 30, received every year the Dutch businessman Florin 150-350 Zhang Sumatra tiger. At the time, the price of 100 dollars per tiger, to the 70's price rose to 3,000 dollars. South Korea between 1975 and 1992 imported 6,128 kg of tiger bones, the average annual imports of 340 kilograms, of which 3,720 kg of tiger bones from Indonesia, which is equivalent to killing 333 Sumatran tigers (average weight of dried tiger bones about 12 kg.) 1981 is the largest export volume of Indonesia's year of tiger bones was exported 1,060 kg of tiger bones; followed in 1975, when the export of 620 kg tiger bones; 1988 the export of 560 kg of tiger bone. After 1992, Indonesia's export volume by tiger, tiger 92 year exported only 55 kg, because of the wild tiger is really not much. Nevertheless, in 1992, an estimated 42 tigers were killed; in 1994 and about 51 tigers were killed; March 1998 to 2000, there were 66 tigers were killed; a live tiger in 2001 and even smuggled to Malaysia . 2002 survey by the relevant protection organizations, the eight provinces in Sumatra, there are 24 cities in the open 484 stores selling tiger products, these stores are mostly souvenir shops, pharmacies and fur market. Javanese population explosion in recent years because every year about 60 million people migrated from Java to Sumatra, this wave of immigration to the island of Sumatra has brought even greater pressure, but also makes people tiger conflict increase.
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Level of protection
"CITES" Appendix: a class of protected animals. Indonesia Islands unique in the world who have 3 tiger subspecies: the Bali tiger, the Javan tiger and the Sumatran tiger. Since the rapid deterioration of the ecological environment and human hunting crazy, Bali tiger and the Javan tiger have already become extinct in the last century. Indonesia is currently the only surviving subspecies of tiger - the Sumatran tiger is the plight of endangered species. Today, the Sumatran tiger is listed iucn Red Book of Endangered Species (2003). Note: Sumatra, an area of about 434,000 square kilometers, the 2nd largest island in Indonesia, the world's 6th largest island.