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Su Shi is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature, having produced some of the most well-known poems, lyrics, prose, and essays. Su Shi was famed as an essayist, and his prose writings lucidly contribute to the understanding of topics such as 11th-century Chinese travel literature or detailed information on the contemporary Chinese iron industry. His poetry has a long history of popularity and influence in China, Japan, and other areas in the near vicinity and is well known in the English-speaking parts of the world through the translations by Arthur Waley, among others. In terms of the arts, Su Shi has some claim to being "the pre-eminent personality of the eleventh century."Dongpo pork, a prominent dish in Hangzhou cuisine, is named in his honor.
Life
Su Shi was born in Meishan, near Mount Emei today Sichuan province. His brother Su Zhe and his father Su Xun were both famous literati. His given name, Shi (轼), refers to the crossbar railing at the front of a chariot; Su Xun felt that the railing was a humble, but indispensable, part of a carriage.
Su's early education was conducted under a Taoist priest at a local village school. Later his educated mother took over. Su married at the age of 17. Su and his younger brother (Zhe) had a close relationship, and in 1057, when Su was 19, he and his brother both passed the (highest-level) civil service examinations to attain the degree of jinshi, a prerequisite for high government office. His accomplishments at such a young age attracted the attention of Emperor Renzong, and also that of Ouyang Xiu, who became Su's patron thereafter. Ouyang had already been known as an admirer of Su Xun, sanctioning his literary style at court and stating that no other pleased him more. When the 1057 jinshi examinations were given, Ouyang Xiu required—without prior notice—that candidates were to write in the ancient prose style when answering questions on the Confucian classics. The Su brothers gained high honors for what were deemed impeccable answers and achieved celebrity status, especially in the case of Su Shi's exceptional performance in the subsequent 1061 decree examinations.
Beginning in 1060 and throughout the following twenty years, Su held a variety of government positions throughout China; most notably in Hangzhou, where he was responsible for constructing a pedestrian causeway across the West Lake that still bears his name: sudi (苏堤, 蘇堤, Su causeway). He had served as a magistrate in Mi Prefecture, which is located in modern-day Zhucheng County of Shandong province. Later, when he was governor of Xuzhou, he wrote a memorial to the throne in 1078 complaining about the troubling economic conditions and potential for armed rebellion in Liguo Industrial Prefecture, where a large part of the Chinese iron industry was located.
Su Shi was often at odds with a political faction headed by Wang Anshi. Su Shi once wrote a poem criticizing Wang Anshi's reforms, especially the government monopoly imposed on the salt industry. The dominance of the reformist faction at court allowed the New Policy Group greater ability to have Su Shi exiled for political crimes. The claim was that Su was criticizing the emperor, when in fact Su Shi's poetry was aimed at criticizing Wang's reforms. It should be said that Wang Anshi played no part in this action against Su, for he had retired from public life in 1076 and established a cordial relationship with Su Shi. Su Shi's first remote trip of exile (1080–1086) was to Huangzhou, Hubei. This post carried a nominal title, but no stipend, leaving Su in poverty. During this period, he began Buddhist meditation. With help from a friend, Su built a small residence on a parcel of land in 1081. Su Shi lived at a farm called Dongpo ('Eastern Slope'), from which he took his literary pseudonym. While banished to Hubei province, he grew fond of the area he lived in; many of the poems considered his best were written in this period. His most famous piece of calligraphy, Han Shi Tie, was also written there. In 1086, Su and all other banished statesmen were recalled to the capital due to the ascension of a new government. However, Su was banished a second time (1094–1100) to Huizhou (now in Guangdong province) and Hainan island. In 1098 the Dongpo Academy in Hainan was built on the site of the residence that he lived in whilst in exile.
Although political bickering and opposition usually split ministers of court into rivaling groups, there were moments of non-partisanship and cooperation from both sides. For example, although the prominent scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095) was one of Wang Anshi's most trusted associates and political allies, Shen nonetheless befriended Su Shi. Su Shi was aware that it was Shen Kuo who, as regional inspector of Zhejiang, presented Su Shi's poetry to the court sometime between 1073 and 1075 with concern that it expressed abusive and hateful sentiments against the Song court. It was these poetry pieces that Li Ding and Shu Dan later utilized in order to instigate a law case against Su Shi, although until that point Su Shi did not think much of Shen Kuo's actions in bringing the poetry to light.
After a long period of political exile, Su received a pardon in 1100 and was posted to Chengdu. However, he died in Changzhou, Jiangsu province after his period of exile and while he was en route to his new assignment in the year 1101. Su Shi was 64 years old. After his death he gained even greater popularity, as people sought to collect his calligraphy, paintings depicting him, stone inscriptions marking his visit to numerous places, and built shrines in his honor. He was also depicted in artwork made posthumously, such as in Li Song's (1190–1225) painting of Su traveling in a boat, known as Su Dongpo at Red Cliff, after Su Song's poem written about a 3rd-century Chinese battle.
Family
A depiction of Su Shi from 1743
Su Shi had three wives. His first wife was Wang Fu (王弗, 1039–1065), an astute, quiet lady from Sichuan who married him at the age of sixteen. She died 13 years later in 1065, on the second day of the fifth Chinese lunar month (Gregorian calendar June 14), after bearing him a son, Su Mai (蘇邁). Heartbroken, Su wrote a memorial for her (《亡妻王氏墓志銘》), stating Fu was not just a virtuous wife but advised him frequently on the integrity of his acquaintances when he was an official.
Ten years after the death of his first wife, Su composed a (ci) poem after dreaming of the deceased Fu in the night at Mi Prefecture. The poem, To the tune of 'Of Jinling' (江城子), remains one of the most famous poems Su wrote.
In 1068, two years after Wang Fu's death, Su married Wang Runzhi (王閏之, 1048–93), cousin of his first wife, and 11 years his junior. Wang Runzhi spent the next 15 years accompanying Su through his ups and downs in officialdom and political exile. Su praised Runzhi for being an understanding wife who treated his three sons equally (his eldest, Su Mai（苏迈，蘇邁）, was born by Fu). Once, Su was angry with his young son for not understanding his unhappiness during his political exile. Wang chided Su for his silliness, prompting Su to write the domestic poem Young Son (《小兒》).
Wang Runzhi died in 1093, at forty-six, after bearing Su two sons, Su Dai (苏迨，蘇迨) and Su Guo (苏过，蘇過). Overcame with grief, Su expressed his wish to be buried with her in her memorial (see memorial 《祭亡妻同安郡君文》). On his second wife's second birthday after her death, Su wrote another ci poem, To the tune of 'Butterflies going after Flowers' (《蝶戀花》), for her.
Su's third wife, Wang Zhaoyun (王朝雲, 1062–1095) was his handmaiden who was a former Qiantang singing artiste. Wang was only about ten (eleven sui) when she became his personal slave. After she taught, herself to read though she was formerly illiterate. Zhaoyun was probably the most famous of Su's companions. Su's friend Qin Guan wrote a poem, A Gift for Dongpo's concubine Zhaoyun (《贈東坡妾朝雲》), praising her beauty and lovely voice. Su dedicated a number of his poems to Zhaoyun, like To the Tune of 'Song of the South’《南歌子》, Verses for Zhaoyun (《朝雲詩》), To the Tune of 'The Beauty Who asks One to Stay' (《殢人嬌·贈朝雲》), To the Tune of 'The Moon at Western Stream' 《西江月》. Zhaoyun remained a faithful companion to Su after Runzhi's death, but died of illness on 13 August 1095 (紹聖三年七月五日) at Huizhou. Zhaoyun bore Su a son, Su Dun (蘇遁) on 15 November 1083, who died in his infancy. After Zhaoyun's death, Su never married again.
Being a government official in a family of officials, Su was often separated from his loved ones depending on his posting. In 1078, he was serving as prefect of Suzhou. His beloved younger brother was able to join him for the mid-autumn festival, which inspired the poem "Mid-Autumn Moon" reflecting on the preciousness of time with family. It was written to be sung to the tune of "Yang Pass."
As evening clouds withdraw a clear cool air floods in
the jade wheel passes silently across the Silver River
Su Shi had three adult sons, the eldest son being Su Mai (蘇邁), who would also become a government official by 1084. Su Dai (蘇迨) and Su Guo (蘇過) are his other sons. When Su Shi died in 1101, his younger brother Su Zhe (蘇轍) buried him alongside second wife Wang Runzhi according to his wishes.
Work
Poetry
Calligraphy by Su Shi: A detail of The Cold Food Observance (寒食帖)
Around 2,700 of Su Song's poems have survived, along with 800 written letters. Su Dongpo excelled in the shi, ci and fu forms of poetry, as well as prose, calligraphy and painting. Some of his notable works include the First and Second Chibifu (赤壁賦The Red Cliffs, written during his first exile), Nian Nu Jiao: Chibi Huai Gu (念奴嬌.赤壁懷古Remembering Chibi, to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao) and Shui diao ge tou (水調歌頭Remembering Su Zhe on the Mid-Autumn Festival, 中秋节，中秋節). The two former poems were inspired by the 3rd century naval battle of the Three Kingdoms era, the Battle of Chibi in the year 208. The bulk of his poems are in the shi style, but his poetic fame rests largely on his 350 ci style poems. Su Shi also founded the haofang school, which cultivated an attitude of heroic abandon. In both his written works and his visual art, he combined spontaneity, objectivity and vivid descriptions of natural phenomena. Su Shi wrote essays as well, many of which are on politics and governance, including his Liuhoulun (留侯論). His popular politically charged poetry was often the reason for the wrath of Wang Anshi's supporters towards him, culminating with the Crow Terrace Poetry Trial of 1079. He also wrote poems on Buddhist topics, including a poem later extensively commented on by Eihei Dōgen, the founder of the Japanese Sōtō school of Zen, in a chapter of his work Shōbōgenzō entitled The Sounds of Valley Streams, the Forms of Mountains.
Su Shi also wrote of his travel experiences in 'daytrip essays', which belonged in part to the popular Song era literary category of 'travel record literature' (youji wenxue) that employed the use of narrative, diary, and prose styles of writing. Although other works in Chinese travel literature contained a wealth of cultural, geographical, topographical, and technical information, the central purpose of the daytrip essay was to use a setting and event in order to convey a philosophical or moral argument, which often employed persuasive writing. For example, Su Shi's daytrip essay known as Record of Stone Bell Mountain investigates and then judges whether or not ancient texts on 'stone bells' were factually accurate.
While acting as Governor of Xuzhou, Su Shi in 1078 AD wrote a memorial to the imperial court about problems faced in the Liguo Industrial Prefecture which was under his watch and administration. In an interesting and revealing passage about the Chinese iron industry during the latter half of the 11th century, Su Shi wrote about the enormous size of the workforce employed in the iron industry, competing provinces that had rival iron manufacturers seeking favor from the central government, as well as the danger of rising local strongmen who had the capability of raiding the industry and threatening the government with effectively armed rebellion. It also becomes clear in reading the text that prefectural government officials in Su's time often had to negotiate with the central government in order to meet the demands of local conditions.
During the ancient Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) of China, the sluice gate and canal lock of the flash lock had been known. By the 10th century the latter design was improved upon in China with the invention of the canalpound lock, allowing different adjusted levels of water along separated and gated segments of a canal. This innovation allowed for larger transport barges to pass safely without danger of wrecking upon the embankments, and was an innovation praised by those such as Shen Kuo (1031–1095). Shen also wrote in his Dream Pool Essays of the year 1088 that, if properly used, sluice gates positioned along irrigation canals were most effective in depositing silt for fertilization. Writing earlier in his Dongpo Zhilin of 1060, Su Shi came to a different conclusion, writing that the Chinese of a few centuries past had perfected this method and noted that it was ineffective in use by his own time.
Although Su Shi made no note of it in his writing, the root of this problem was merely the needs of agriculture and transportation conflicting with one another.
Su is called one of the four classical gastronomes. The other three are Ni Zan (1301–74), Xu Wei (1521–93), and Yuan Mei (1716–97). There is a legend, for which there is no evidence, that by accident he invented Dongpo pork, a famous dish in later centuries. Lin Hsiang Ju and Lin Tsuifeng in their scholarly Chinese Gastronomy give a recipe, "The Fragrance of Pork: Tungpo Pork", and remark that the "square of fat is named after Su Dongpo, the poet, for unknown reasons. Perhaps it is just because he would have liked it." A story runs that once Su Dongpo decided to make stewed pork. Then an old friend visited him in the middle of the cooking and challenged him to a game of Chinese chess. Su had totally forgotten the stew, which in the meantime had now become extremely thick-cooked, until its very fragrant smell reminded him of it.[citation needed]
Su, to explain his vegetarian inclinations, said that he never had been comfortable with killing animals for his dinner table, but had a craving for certain foods, such as clams, so he couldn't desist. When he was imprisoned his views changed. "Since my imprisonment I have not killed a single thing... having experienced such worry and danger myself, when I felt just like a fowl waiting in the kitchen, I can no longer bear to cause any living creature to suffer immeasurable fright and pain simply to please my palate."
^Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A Manual (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, Rev. and enl., 2000): 634.
^Hsiang-Ju Lin and Tsuifeng Lin, with a Foreword and Introduction by Lin Yutang, Chinese Gastronomy. New York,: Hastings House, 1969 ISBN0-8038-1131-4. Various reprints, p 55.
Xu Yuanchong (translator). Selected Poems of Su Shi. (Chinese with English translations). Hunan: Hunan People's Publishing House, 2007.
Bibliography
Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN0-618-13384-4.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-43519-6 (hardback); ISBN0-521-66991-X (paperback).
Egan, Ronald. Word, Image, and Deed in the Life of Su Shi. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 1994. ISBN0-674-95598-6.
Fuller, Michael Anthony. The Road to East Slope: The Development of Su Shi's Poetic Voice. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN0-8047-1587-4.
Hargett, James M. "Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (July 1985): 67-93.
Hartman, Charles. "Poetry and Politics in 1079: The Crow Terrace Poetry Case of Su Shih," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 12, 1990): 15–44.
Hatch, George. (1993) "Su Hsun's Pragmatic Statecraft" in Ordering the World : Approaches to State and Society in Sung Dynasty China, ed. Robert P. Hymes, 59–76. Berkeley: Berkeley University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-07691-4.
Hegel, Robert E. "The Sights and Sounds of Red Cliffs: On Reading Su Shi," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 20 1998): 11-30.
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
Sivin, Nathan (1995). "Shen Kua." In Sivin's Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections, text III: 1-53. Haldershot (Hampshire, England), and Burlington (Vermont, USA): VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing. ISBN0-86078-492-4.
Wagner, Donald B. "The Administration of the Iron Industry in Eleventh-Century China," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (Volume 44 2001): 175-197.
Yang, Vincent. Nature and Self: A Study of the Poetry of Su Dongpo, With Comparisons to the Poetry of William Wordsworth (American University Studies, Series III). Peter Lang Pub Inc, 1989. ISBN0-8204-0939-1.
Further reading
Jacques, Rob. Adagio for Su Tung-p'o: Poems on How Consciousness Uses Flesh to Float through Space/Time. (Fernwood Press, 2019) ISBN978-1-59498-065-7. Using lines from Su Tung-p'o's poems as epigraphs, Jacques explores the 11th Century Chinese poet's metaphysical views on life, love and eternity from a 21st Century perspective.
Sushi (January 8, 1037 -1101 on 24 August), the word Zaizhan, but also words and Chung, number "Su Shi", the world called "Su." Song-known writer, painter, poet, Hao Fangpai Ci representatives. Han, Meizhou (now Sichuan Meishan, Meishan City, when the Northern Song Dynasty) people, whose ancestral home Luan city. Sushi historical records more than three inches in length or eight feet. Open-minded broad-minded man of Su Shi, Song Gao dry through six years, gifts Taishi. Su Xun, Su Shi is the eldest son, Jiayou year (1057) and younger brother Su Che Chin with the board. Review granted Dali things Fengxiang House judge a book signing. Xining year (1069), the DPRK also expiration of parent mourning mourning for the judge told hospital. And Wang political views or not, opposed to the new law (not totally disagree, or have some recognition, early opposition, the latter go to the public, understand the benefits of the new law, instead of the good aspects in favor of the new law.), From outside your office, the Hangzhou pass sentence. Missouri moved to know (now Zhucheng), transfer knowledge of Xuzhou. Yuanfeng year (1079), suffer "Wutai poem," responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang) militia Fushi, state placement, shall not be a book signing documents. Li Cheoljong High Empress Powerbut was complex known as the Chao Feng Dengzhou Lang (now Penglai); 4 months after the doctor moved for the Board of Rites; either not Xunri, in addition to living Scheeren, moved to rounding in the book, but also to move Imperial Academy Zhizhi Gao (two items), knowledge Imperial Examination Board of Rites. Yuanyou four years (1089) a notice of Hangzhou, later changed to know Yingzhou, known Yangzhou, Dingzhou. Yuanyou eight years (1093) King Cheoljong Chikamasa, was far from banished Huizhou (Guangdong Huiyang today), and then depreciate the Changhua Army (now Hainan Danzhou). Huizong ascended the throne, Yushe North return, Jianzhong Yasukuni Shrine, the first year (1101) died in Changzhou (this is of Jiangsu), buried Yu Chau Jia County (Henan Jia County), at the age of sixty six years old. He and his father Su Xun (1009 -1066), the younger brother Su Che (1039 -1112) of literary names begin with the world, the Bank said, "Su"; and Han "Three Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi Cao Zhi) par. "" Su "for three of the Eight in the Tang and Song is the Tang and Song Dynasties 【eight prose writers collectively on behalf of, the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu and Song of Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su- rut, Wang and Zeng. (divided into two Tang and Song six)】. as a distinguished poet, opened the bold words the wind, with the distinguished poet ji known as the "Su Xin." in the poetry, and Huang Ting said "Sue Wong." Su Shi's works include "Dongpo seven _set_s", "Dongpo Dynasty" and "before and after the Red Cliff," and so on. in politics is to Sima Guang as the leaders of the Old Party. great success in calligraphy large, and Huang, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang said "Song of four." inevitable that some political ideology in the poem.
Translated by Google
Sushi Life
Su Song four his father Su Xun, the "Three Character Classic," in reference to "exercise is the beginning of determined effort" and "Su-old spring." Although Su Xun determined effort late, but very hard ground. Su recalled his later years was to study the situation of young father, his father felt deeply affected. Of course, if not strenuously Su Xun's reading, it is impossible to take a good tutor young Su Shi, not to the crown in no time or "pass through the history of science, which is thousands of words on paper", it is even more impossible in the future of literature achievement. Jiayou first year (1056), nominal Sushi for the first time the twenty-first out of Sichuan to Beijing to participate in the court of the imperial examinations. The following year, he participated in the Rites of the examination to a "punishment BEIJING INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION" was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu examiner, but accidentally to high school Scholars second. Su was the way in the back to Beijing to see the damage to ordinary people the new law, strongly disagree Shenzhizhengshi Wang's approach, that the new law is not convenient, then a petition to oppose. One result of this is that those forced to leave Beijing as his mentors, like not in the court. Since then seek putting Sushi, transfer Hangzhou pass sentence. Su Shi spent three years in Hangzhou, retiring after being transferred to Missouri, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places, either to know the state. Outstanding performance, unprecedented public. Sushi This lasted for about ten years, Su Shi met his first calamity. Some people (Li Ding et al) deliberately distorting his verse, a big fuss. Yuanfeng year (1079), Su Shi, Huzhou arrival less than three months to compose ironic because the new law, "the text defamatory Jun phase" of the charges, was arrested behind bars, known as "Wutai poem." Sushi 103 days in prison, was beheaded several endangered situation. Thanks to the Northern Song Dynasty Kuangyin years in that _set_ national policy not to kill scholar Su Shi regarded dodged a bullet. After his release, was demoted to Su Shi Fu Shi Huang Zhou militia (equivalent to deputy leader of modern folk SDF). This post very low, no real power, but this time Sushi has become rely under all difficulties after this battle, they lead the family in their spare piece of the east slope cultivation, farming to supplement their livelihoods. "Su Shi" is the alias he played at this time. Song Shenzong Yuanfeng seven years (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou, Feng Zhao Yu Chau took office visit. As long journey traveled, Su Shi's children unfortunately died. Yu Chau long way, and the toll has done, along with then, they would petition the court of Su Shi, the request not being Yu Chau, first living in Changzhou, after the approval. When he was ready to return to the south of Changzhou, the Shenzong Jiabeng. King Cheoljong throne, high Empress hearings, the New Party forces in the fall, re-enabled for Sima Guang phase. Su doctor then called in to also directed the Ministry of Rites. Moving in a half months, rising home Scheeren, after three months or rounding in the book, and soon rose Imperial Academy Zhizhi Gao (draft decree for the emperor's secretary.) As the saying goes: "Beijing officials as well." When Su Shi hard pressed to see the emerging forces of the Group's figure Wang and all our efforts, after the new law, that with the so-called "king of the party," but birds of a feather, once again presented to the Emperor Jian Yi. Sushi to this is both a new party can not be tolerated, can not forgive the old party, which once again from seeking a transfer. Lung To Court the identity of his degree, again after an absence of sixteen years to when the prefect of Hangzhou. Sushi in Hangzhou, a major repair of water conservancy construction, dredging of West Lake, with the dredged mud in the lake next to the building of a dam, which is the famous "Sir Georg Solti." Sushi in Hangzhou had a nice, since the Tang Dynasty more than Bai. But Yuanyou six years (1091), he was recalled to the DPRK. But soon because of political clashes, putting Yingzhou. Yuanyou eight years (1093) New Party return to power, was again demoted to Huiyang (now Guangdong Huizhou City). Then, Su Shi has been demoted to a further re-Danzhou (now Hainan). It is said in the Song Dynasty, Hainan is the only exile Manmenchaozhan Zuiqing than first-class punishment. Ascended the throne after the Huizong, adjusting Lianzhou placement, Shu state militia Fushi, Yongzhou placement. Yuan Fu for three years (1101) amnesty, rehabilitation Chao Feng Ren Lang, North way home, died in Changzhou, posthumous title Wen-chung. He was sixty years old (because of their birth for the December 19, so the age of two years older than the actual).
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Literary Arts
Shi Xiu literary point of view and the same strain, but more emphasis on literary originality, expressiveness and artistic value. His literary thinking emphasized that "while promising to make" respect for nature, break free, "a novelty among the testimonies, send outside lived at bold." He believes that writing should be "graceful, the beginning of no fixed quality, but often on the line when the line is often limited to not more than that. Arts and Nature, attitude will occur" ("thank the people division") in the artistic realm. AGF prose writings of Su Shi, Han Yu, Xiu Liu, and three saying. Writing style plain and smooth, uninhibited ease. Release Dehong "Postscript Dongpo (left 忄 (xīn) allowed the right) pools recorded," said: "The text qualitative Huanran water, mighty Man Yan, its waves will naturally written." Ouyang Xiu Su Shi and said "Ousu "and" the Eight "one. Ouyang Xiu Su Shi is the second after the auspices of the Northern Song Dynasty literary leader, among the writers at the time enjoyed a great reputation, and sometimes make friends with them or accept many of his mentor, Song writer Huang, Guan, Chao Bu and Zhang Lei He had received the training, incentives, and recommended pulling. Four scholars of the Soviet Union, it said. Sushi art in painting bamboo, the division with the text (ie text and can be), the text is more simple than the King, and possessed the potential of lifting the dance. Mi Fu said he was "as bamboo, have been from the ground until the top. I asked: Why not by Festival? Said: Bamboo birth, is this section by section life?" Dead wood is also good for the rocks. Mi Yun: "as dead wood branches, gnarled and twisted for no reason; stone cracked hard, but also strange Kiki unwarranted, as it also depressed the chest plate." Fantasy can be reflected in its painting is very much to send. The paintings are of insight, more far-reaching impact on the painting. Quite similar, such as attention, that "on the painting to the shape, see neighbors and children," enthusiastic advocate paintings, paintings should be pinned against the shape of opposition to the program constraints, to promote "Poetry and the all, Neat and Clean," and clearly "Scholars painting" concept so highly of "pictures in poetry, painting in poetry," the artistic skills. After their "literati painting" has laid a theoretical foundation. Calligraphy survive in the world of "Cool Food Poetry Huangzhou", "Red Cliff", "Master thesis to thank the people" and "sacrifice a few road Wen Huang," "Literary Works" and so on. Surviving paintings trace the "ancient rocks tu", "Bamboo plans"; and recently discovered "Xiaoxiang Bamboo tu" is also his work. Su Song is rife in the talents, in poetry, literature, words, books, paintings, etc. are the crowning achievements made. Is rare in the history of literary and artistic genius.
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Wutai poem
Song Shenzong in Xining period (1068 ~ 1077) re-Political Reform, Reform, after defeat, but also in per harvest period (1078 ~ 1085) in the restructuring. On political reform to the restructuring of the turning point occurred Sushi Wutai poem. Li this case be denounced first by monitoring the censor, after the trial in the Imperial prison. Since the Han Dynasty Imperial is known as "Wu Taiwan", so the case is called "Wutai poem." Su Song Shenzong years as opposed to the new law, and in his poems reveal a dissatisfaction with the New Deal. Since he was the leader of the literary world, let the poetry of Su Shi's spread in the community is very unfavorable for the implementation of the New Deal. Therefore, the acquiescence of Shenzong, Su Shi was arrested and brought into Wutai, one is 4 months off, every day was forced to explain the poems he wrote before the origin and the origin of words in the stories. The Song Dynasty scholar's practice not to kill, so Sushi spared, but disparaged Fushi Huangzhou militia. Yuanfeng year (1079), any shift Sushi Huzhou (Zhejiang Province, Wu County), July was sent by Imperial and others imprisoned Huangfu compliance, they testify in the poetry of Su Shi distort the facts and slander the court. Censor Li Ding, Hezheng Chen, Shudan and others, cite Su Shi's "Poetry Chronicle Hangzhou," as evidence, said he was "playing with the court, mocking the national event", but also from his dug out of a two other poems, taken out of context to give conviction, such as: "Law school rolls do not read, no technical knowledge induced Jun Yao and Shun," Sushi is said that he originally did not pass the law for a class book to read, so I can not help the emperor to be like Yao and Shun, as the saints , they is ironic that he did not take the law to teach the emperor, supervision officials; such as "clear idea of the East China Sea, if known, should be changed to teach exclusion halogen Kuwata," said he was accused of building water conservancy projects of the measures do not. In fact, in Hangzhou, Su Shi is also beefing their engineering, how can that it is wrong? Another example is "How can it be forgotten solution Wenshao taste, salt-free food near to March," said he was ironically against the people selling salt. In a nutshell, is found that he dared to ridicule the emperor and prime minister, committed heinous crimes should be sentenced to death. Disaster from the reason of Su Shi, in addition to the above "trumped-up charges of" outside, reportedly because the then prime minister Wang offended. At that time people had written notes in the case. Wang for the prime minister, SU are sects. Because of "the word that" offend Ashmore, is dismissed as a lake by the Imperial Academy prefectural governor. Three-year term of office expires, returned to Beijing an audience. To Ye Ashmore, falls out did not return. Dongpo sitting in the library, see under the pressure of a Duan shijian, in two sentences: "westerly wind had last night garden, wind the golden yellow flowers all over the floor." Dongpo see poetry laugh, since thinking: yellow is the chrysanthemum, because Jin Tao Aiju, scholars are quite heavy. Open in late autumn, the nature is quite strong, dare akishimo proposition, the most durable, though old and withered, the end does not drop petals. Wang's poem "Montreal blew yellow gold" is simply nonsense. One o'clock poetic reverie, writing a few words: "Autumn flowers in spring better than flowers, and the poet carefully Yin said." Ashmore not return due to wait a long time to return home. Wang night back, to see continued poem, written by listening to family members said Su. Ashmore was furious, the east slope of dismissing it as Huangzhou militia Fushi, had to swallow to go east slope of his new post. East slope of any militia Fushi, quite leisurely, often with celebrities CHEN Ji friends all day long sightseeing tour, drinking poetry. Autumn has arrived, Huang Jusheng open. One quarter of regular visitors, often with the east slope of about quarter to the Garden Shangju, see the yellow flowers have landed, like gold Zhensi shop, alarmed. Quarter exigencies often ask out, laughing: "different parts of flowers, yellow daisy state is down by the autumn wind and the flap," Su Shi Su Shi continued to know the Ashmore poetry laughed at him, deliberately demoted him to call him Huangzhou see "blown yellow gold in Montreal."
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Poetry style
To Wutai poem for the sector, Su Shi's poetry has inherited the creative works there was a marked difference. In the runs through the "go back" complex behind, we see the poet's pen as unprovoked by the boy sigh, and gradually turned to frustration and old age, middle-aged broad-minded - getting old and becoming mature, is made plain. First, the subject matter, the early works mainly reflects Su Shi's "specific political hardship", then the work will focus on the "broader life of hardship", the evil, in case of evil, is "a fly in Taiwan , is the spit of the already. " The smooth writing of the initiator of the Wutai poem. Huangzhou relegate life, made him "Ironically Keku, acute stroke, and the tension and anger, all have disappeared, replaced by the emergence of, it is a glorious warm, cordial and wide, and laughter. Alcohol sweet and mature, thorough and in-depth. " Secondly, in the culture, Confucianism is still early and the late Shang Shang Road, Buddha. Early, he has advocated the Confucian social responsibility, he deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people; late, especially after the two were demoted, he is more respect for Taoism and Buddhism to return to attempt to get relief in religion. He was deeply Buddhist "unbiased is the Road," inspired Danzhou in Huizhou and other places Huangzhou lived a real life of farmers, and fun. Third, in style, the early works of Majestic, such as floods spate of breaches blew Pentium bold; and ethereal late work is timeless, primitive light as far deep Liu Yi Qing Pear fragrance.
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Chronology of the Life
North Song Tian Sheng first year - Jiayou eight years (1023 ~ 1064) 1036 Edwin Su Shi was born on December 19 three years 1054 married to Wang Fu Scholars in 1057, the mother funeral service of filial piety (1057.4 ~ 1059.6) Sushi 1061 examinations should be in the system, into the third and so on. 1059 his family relocated to Kyoto Magistrate House 1061 Ren Fengxiang Zhiping Yingzong first year - four years (1064 ~ 1068) Academia Historica office 1064 1065 mourning wife Father's funeral in 1066; service Hau (1066.4 ~ 1068.7) Xining Shenzong first year - Yuanfeng eight years (1068 ~ 1086) 1068 Run of the king married (Wang Fu of the cousin) 1069 return to Beijing; office Academia Historica Supervision of any report in 1071; pass sentence of Hangzhou In 1074 Prefecture of any Missouri 1076 Xuzhou Prefecture office 1079 Huzhou Prefecture office; imprisonment 1080 Exile Huangzhou, any militia Fushi Huangzhou 1084 to Changzhou 1085 to Dengzhou; any Dengzhou Prefecture; to Kyoto; either in the book rounding King Cheoljong (1086 ~ 1100) Queen Mother ruling Yuanyou years (1085 ~ 1093) 1086 the Imperial Academy Zhizhi Gao Prefect of Hangzhou in 1089 and commander of western Zhejiang 1091 Board of Civil chancery office; to Kyoto; any Yingzhou Prefecture Yangzhou Prefecture office 1092; Bingbushangshu; rites 1093 wife of mourning; Queen Mother's death; transfer Dingzhou Prefecture; Hebei Military Region Commander 1094 to the devaluation of the Huizhou; exile Huizhou 1097 to Hainan; exile Danzhou Huizong (1101 ~ 1126) the ruling Queen Mother (1100) 1101, North returned; to Changzhou; Jianzhong Yasukuni Shrine, the first year of July 28, died at 66 years old
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Su Shi's wife and children
苏轼妻儿
Su Shi's three wives Su Shi's concubine Wang Zhaoyun, smaller than the twenty-year-old Su. In the most exhausted when Su Shi, Wang Zhaoyun has been accompanied by the left and right. Wang Zhaoyun a confidante of Su Shi, Su Shi's poem addressed to Wang Chaoyun up, calling it "Female Vimalakirti days." Unfortunately, Chaoyun first while in Su Shi died in Huizhou. Chaoyun after death, Su has been widowed, then unmarried. In accordance with the wishes Chaoyun, Su be buried in the south of West Lake Gushan Temple habitat into a large pine forest under Santa Fe and at the graveside, such as booths to commemorate the six-building, write a couplet is "outdated, only asakumo to know I; alone play the old tune, every Muyu times Siqing. " This couplet has a well-known story: "Dongpo 一日 Tuizhao, food strike. Tummy Xing Xu, Guweishier said: 'Rubei and what channel is the matter?' A slave girl suddenly said: 'all articles ', Singapore agree. Another person said:' full of all knowledge '. Poe has not thought that when. to Chaoyun, is said: "belly not being a desirable degree. 'Slope laugh. "Chaoyun tomb is located in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, Huizhou West Lake on Gushan, Su Memorial Hall next to the tomb of Su concubine Wang Chaoyun. Huizhou City cultural heritage site. It is said that when Su was banished Huizhou, Wang Zhaoyun always sing" Butterfly in Love " term solution for the gloomy talk of Su Shi. Whenever Chaoyun sing "Willow branches with little cotton blow" when to Yanyi melancholy, very sad, crying full length sound. Dongpo asked what for, Chaoyun A: " concubine can not actually (over and over) who 'love again sentence' it. "Sushi laugh:" I am feeling sad for autumn, and you start out on Spring! "Chaoyun after the death of Su Shi's" life no longer listen to the words. "The ancients believed that the herb of willow cotton, so cotton blowing across the horizon willow branches, grass will wind for us. Poem is also implied Su Shi's "body line half miles, the Buddhist Temple beginning of a bald lie" destiny. in the persecution of political opponents under the category of his career switch to bottle, every time banished far away, a big hit as hard than the last. asakumo sing two lines, the thought of Su Shi officialdom of drifting, the fate of the helpless, but was demoted to the Su Zhong, reduced horizon in mind the situation is the same feeling, then cried like rain, not their own. The eastern slope is the intimate knowledge of her only intentional laugh and comfort, two of the intimate, can be seen. Su Shi's four sons Su Wang Fu was born the eldest son of Sumai, Wang leap of birth for the second son of Su Shi and Su Till the dawn of the Soviet Union had three sons. Run by the king of the three sons of the primary dependent adult. Autumn of the year 1083, the fourth son of the Soviet Union gave birth Chaoyun escape, but unfortunately died soon after.
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Sushi anecdotal
Note: The following anecdote only because of widespread, and its authenticity to be verified. 1, young and frivolous Su teenager read some books, because the intelligent, often praised by teachers. Quite conceited in their own front of the house posted a couplet: "To know the word all over the world, reading the book world to do." Shi Shi ah, the world's words Know? Shared books are geometry? China's up and down thousands of years, the number represents the number of the DPRK, how many kinds of ancient writing? Aspect of millions of square kilometers, with 56 ethnic groups, how many languages, how many languages? Cheng's mother came back, criticized Su Shi, Su then the couplet to "jealousy all over the world know the word, determined to read that book world", to encourage each other. 2, Su Shi's "bullying" teachers Su Chin Dynasty, Spring and Autumn text articles were made, called "criminal BEIJING INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION", including the following paragraph: When the time of Yao, Gao Yao is who will murder, Gao Yao said, "killing the three," Yao said, "You-ter", it is the world fear the strong enforcement of Gao Yao, and Le Yao the wide use of torture. 3, Pork Su was banished to Huangzhou, when the famous "Ode to Pork" doggerel: "Huangzhou good pork, price and other dirt. Refused to eat the rich, the poor confused cook. Slow fire, less the water, heat enough when it is from the U.S.. daily bowl beat together, have their own full-jun incomes for tax. "Here the" slow fire, less the water, enough heat from the U.S. when it "is a famous Pork cooking. Su was prefect of Hangzhou loved by the people. This "Pork" is also followed dipping, Mingzao Hangzhou, a famous dish has become a local. 4, check out Sushi Sushi living in Changzhou, he spent the last bit of savings, bought a house, is preparing to choose an auspicious day to move into housing, a chance to hear a woman crying very sad. He asked the old woman crying, the woman said she had a house, according to legend centuries, filial sons, which was sold, so sad crying. Fine asked, he found that Su Shi bought a house, old house is the ancestral woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "woman of the House, is Wusuo sale also, do not have deep grief, this woman when Yishi housing also." Sushi burning deed immediately, but to rent. 5, poetry feast Sushi age of twenty, to the capital to the expedition. There are six lifts conceited look down on him, and decided to prepare a feast of snacks you intend to tease him Sushi. Su received after the pleasure to invite. Dongkuaizi not take a seat, in one fell swoop are proposals Xingjiu Ling, Drinking content must be referenced historical figures and events, so a dish can be eaten alone. The remaining five H Shengjiao good. "I'll go first." Older, said: "late-bloomer Wei Fishing!" Having scooped out a fish. "Qinshubao Chang selling horses!" Air to end the second horse to go. "Suzi Qing Pui Lake shepherd!" The third to take a lamb without any sign of weakness. "Zhang Yide Zhuoxian meat!" To reach the fourth Ji Houhou meat grilled over. "Kuan Jingzhou scraped the bone!" The fifth could not wait to take away the bone. "Zhuge Liang Long in the vegetables!" The sixth to reach for the last arrogant as green vegetables. All part of the finished dishes, six lifts, are preparing to eat and laugh elated when Su Shi, Su Yin, very slowly, said: "The First Emperor annexation of six!" Having put all end to their six dishes in front of a smile : "Gentlemen, please Xiongtai ah!" six lifts, transfixed. 6, stand out 7, family gatherings 8, beat cake Buddha Festival Su and Huang Ting live in the Jinshan temple. One day, they beat bread to eat. Discuss two good, this fight cake, do not tell the Foyin temple. After a child, cake cooked, they counted the number of first offer to the Goddess of Mercy seat cake before, attentive worship, prayer something. Unexpectedly, have been previously hidden in God Foyin account, while the two kneel down in prayer, reach out and stole two pieces of cake. Sushi worship finished, got up and saw two pieces of bread less, in turn knelt and prayed: "Goddess of Mercy is so magical powers, eating two pieces of cake, why not come out to meet?" Foyin in his tent replied: "I If you have side to eat with your partner to do a few, dare to disturb air? " 9, moon poems Su in Hangzhou, likes to make friends with the West Lake monks. He and the Jinshan Temple monks Foyin better, the two alcohol poems, it also often joke. Foyin monk delicious banquet dinner every Su, he is always uninvited. One night, Su invited to visit the West Lake Tingjian board prepared a lot of food and wine. Cruise offshore, Su Huang Ting smile, said: "For Yin each party must arrive by boat to the lake in the evening we go for a drink of poems, a lot of fun, he was not able to come anyway." Who For Yin and too early to know with the Huang Ting Su asked to be on the lake, They do not ship to advance the time, hiding in the cabin hiding under the plate. Moon in the sky, cool breeze is cool, Lotus Moon Lake, West Lake cruise slowly came to Santa, Su to the glass, Nianzhao beard, pleased to Huang Ting said: "Today there is no Foyin, we are also quiet down, the first to a Xingjiu Ling, the former two use the Scenery, the latter two use the 'holy' words at the end. "Huang Ting said:" All right! "Su first said:" The clouds brushed aside, the moon rises, the day He made holy? days He made chai? "Tingjian looking over the lotus lake, and then said:" Lian Ping, poke, fish out Deqisuozai! Deqisuozai! " At this time, under the long board in the cabin Foyin not help, and a Tingjian he finished, put the cabin panels open, and climbed out, said: "Ship poke, Foyin out, hold back Sharen indeed! Hold back Sharen Kazuya! "Su and Huang, suddenly climbed out of the bottom planks to see one person, he was startled look closely, the original is Foyin had listened to this four-line poem to say, ha ha could not help but have a large laugh. Su took the Foyin sit, said: "well you hide, and was also wonderful, and today was again in the end you eat it!" So, the three full moon in the lake, laughing. 10, SU fish 11, fruits and medicines Sushi soon after the marriage, the father invited to Liu Gong guest, was there, the servant came to ask him to immediately go back, saying his wife in a hurry. Ironically, the father determined to Liu Gong, Yin said: "Fortunately, early in the (apricots, dates, Li), and calm (BREE medicine for the blind)." Phrase with three kinds of fruit in the name of a drug name. Sushi and never looking back, landed on the saddle and left, walking and said: "Chennai this (McNair, an apple, sugarcane, persimmon) to be Angelica (Angelica for the Chinese name)." Su Shi's creativeness really admire . 12, line of life and death 13, conservation After the restoration of the court conservatives to hit the famous tank known writer Sima Guang Song re-worship phase, a comprehensive new law be repealed. At this point, the same as Su Shi has advocated conservative can not totally reject the new law, should be kept good grate slag treated differently, so fierce clashes with Sima Guang, has once again been demoted Guazhou. Although Su Buddhist, but not hi monk. Smell Guazhou Jinshan Temple is a Buddhist name, great reputation Foyin monk, Su Shi is not satisfied after I heard, we decided to go to the mountains will be a while the old monk! In the temple, Shi talked about all the officials from the emperor, from governing the country referred to live by. And Shang Jingjing listen, see Foyin Sushi has been a little from the heart without saying a word to look down on him. Thought: Everyone says he has the ability, the original one idiot to cheat here a few incense money now! Topics to wander slowly on a Buddhist, this time Foyin asked: "In the eyes of old Mr. satisfied should be what kind of person?" Belly full of Sushi is despised, casually replied: "You look in the eyes of ordinary people to have ability, but because they shallow, in fact, every trick you, there is no real ability, is a liar it! "For Yin smiled and answered not silent. Sushi is not only more to see him so look down on monks, and his triumphant up, they arrive in high spirits and asked: "In your eyes I am a Soviet scholar who is it?" "You are a very learned and cultivated people, old and satisfied from losses than you! "For Yin replied. After returning home, triumphantly Sushi made the morning how how things monk spoke again to the young girl, Su Xiaomei hear the laughter erupted all meals. Shi Meng, busy and asked: "Why do young girl laugh?" "You did not belittle the monk is not only angry but he praised you a lot, you say who cultivate? No knowledge where's the accomplishment? You still thinks they are better than others Strong? die of shame you did not know you!. " Sushi hear suddenly realized, from the master became very good friends with Foyin. 14, "bones" not cold One day, Su and Foyin West Lake cruise, Foyin suddenly took out a problem with Master Su Shi poetry fan, into the river, and loudly: "water Dongpo poem (dead)!" At the time of Su Shi Leng a little, but soon the bank is a laugh, pointing at Ken Gutou dogs, Yin: "The dogs and the river (the monk) bone!" 15, SU grazing Nothing else to do, Sushi Master For Yin visit to Jinshan Temple, did not expect to master does not, a young novices to open the door. Su Ao channel: "Tulv not?." Novices refer to the distance of a calm, replied: "east slope of grass!" 16, couplet Tuidi Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Liao repeated violations of the state. Motives have led to a summation of the Liao state court messengers, the last joint to correct Song: Sanko Sun Moon Star. Such as conferences and on the second line is to withdraw troops. This joint appears to be simple, not easy right. The number of sentences match exactly with the things behind, while the period corresponding to the _select_ed number of things will be more than three or less than three. Report on his work coincided with the Su Shi returned to Beijing, stroke of the pen, clever on the up and down together: four poetic elegance Chung. The wonderful couplet in "Four Poems" only "Chung elegance" three names, because the "Book of Songs" in the "Daya", "Xiao Ya" and collectively as "elegant." Coupled with the "National Style", "Song Poems" were four parts, the "Book of Songs," also known as "Four Poems." Punch line of the sentence, the heavens, and Liaoning to admire the extreme. 17, three of the must be my teacher 18, the total person For Yin Shi friend, though a monk, but Dun Dun do not avoid meat and wine. This day, Foyin fried fish drinks, happened to visit Sushi door. For Yin quickly hidden the fish in the Great Qing (wooden fish) below. Sushi has already smell the garlic, but not the door, think of the day was Tingjian fraud drama, and my heart got the idea of a turn and deliberately said: "today to ask to the Masters, the first sunny spring and often the door to the next sentence is that?" Foyin read out of an old friend of the old sentence was deeply surprised by the well-known, easy to read out the following sentence: more than celebrate charitable people. Shi Fu Zhang laughed: "Since the Qing (Ching), there are fish (I), points would be good for them and share it" 19, Wushan River Time, Su Shi and Su Che about his brother, Master For Yin. Three perfect mountain climbing, Foyin improvised a sentence: like no Wushan Mountain was good. Lies in the "no", "witch" harmonics. Zhe previous: How can such as lotus leaf round. Su listened, his brother said: to "What charge" of the "no witch," a homonym, is good, but this is better conversion: How clean water such as river water. For Yin and Su Che hearing, agreed to "water" on the "Mountain", winning more processing stability in the antithesis. 20, Union Gas young girl Kumi Sushi with friends met to house guest invited Huang Ting, the young girl in person see his brother go out to meet, then the phase out of a play on the sentence, the sentence goes: A Xiong invited outside bi-monthly. "Bimonthly" together as "friends" is used. Sushi is a young girl and kidding themselves known, immediately on the Road: young girl half the window to catch the wind. "Half" of the "double", "wind" to "month", very neat and smooth. Interestingly, the "wind" of the traditional characters are the "wind", half the wind that is "lice", which means that young girl in the window to catch lice. Sister angrily walked away. 21, Convicting rice with crisp rice After rehabilitation Sushi officer, worked with Father Luankan Gong Liu: "I am in prison, the three-day eat rice, still very sweet, but the world is so delicious!." Liu Qi Gong father asked what the three of rice, Su Shi replied: "a pinch of salt, a plate of raw carrots, a bowl of rice, this is the 'three white'." Shi said the matter will forget. Father day tribute Liu received an invitation, invited to his house to eat Sushi Convicting (xiǎo) rice. Sushi should be about pleasure. However, Su Shi and other places to find the table that only salt, radish, rice, this suddenly realized that this was the father teased the Liu Kung. A few days later, Liu Shi Gong parent also received an invitation, invited him to eat Cui (cuì) rice. Father Liu Shi Gong to retaliate, but curious, want to know what vellus meal in the end, but finally went. Father Liu Gong Su accompanied talk from morning to evening, the father of Liu Kung posted back hungry chest. It can not help but reminders Cui rice it? Sushi slowly answered: "Salt is also gross (mǎo, (Nuisance," no "means), radish also wool, rice has hair, not that 'vellus' dinner? In fact, you have been enjoying ah." Gong Liu After the parent dismay, they both laughed. 22, the contradiction between Su Shi and Wang Wang and Su Shi are the wunderkind of the people. Comprehensive examinations of 22-year-old Chin Wang, Su Wang 16 small, 23 years old exams and Scholars, both were regarded as pillars of, and the name of the world begin with poetry. Both the real battle is two years from Xining Song Shenzong (1069) began. At that time, the Soviet Union's brother served father's funeral back to the capital, Su Shi was appointed as straight Academia Historica, Kaifeng right to judge, but by Shenzong trust, as in the book Ha Ping Zhangshi (prime minister) of the New Deal Wang is vigorously implementing political reform, so that The two great literary giant with the DPRK official, will result from the dispute. Wang to "hide lack of shirts, blindly law, fear the changes under day" the courage of commitment to reform is very Qijing's. But the key question is, in the face of complex social situation, in "conservative as the nature of compliance for large non-dynamic teaching people, especially the bureaucratic literati in front of the radical reform movement in the end is good or is gradual better? Wang Thought Jun emergency, whether it is only use new, or the implementation of the new law, reflects the bold extraordinary style. and Su Shi, what he does not does not advocate change, he wishes not to "hurry", because "if things have changed into the corresponding law, do There are people not getting scared. "Thus, the political views of two people will not fit cutting tenon. 23, Su Shi and Gao Qiu "Water Margin" second time about the history of Gao Qiu's fortune, said he was originally a floating wave Pola Hu Kaifeng children, "the man blowing shells dance, spear guns to bars, sumo Wanshua is quite capable of poetry and literature Cifu. If the theory of Wisdom, Nobuyuki good people, but it is not. " Linhuaiguan lived in the state after a few years, was introduced, under the bridge opened to the capital Jin Liang Dong Health Chemists soldiers home, director of the officers and men did not want to leave him, and his referral to the "Little Su Xueshi" Department, "Little Su Bachelor, "leaving only the high-Qiu lived in Fuchu night, he again introduced him to consort Du Wei Wang Jinqing, then met at the Prince of Huizong, played kick the strike, a meteoric rise, do Qiu. Readers probably do not know the party of "small Suxue Shi," what exactly is, how can such a great face, to recommend a humble Xiaoli Fu Maye dynasty. The original "Little Su Xueshi", should be the famous "Big Su Xueshi" is all well-known home Shi Su Shi Su Shi. Wang Mingqing Song, "recorded after waving stag" VII of Gao Qiu's fortune than words long, and we combined with other relevant information, that Gao Qiu was originally Fuchu Xiaoli Su, Su Xueshi see the article quite high Qiu style and therefore appreciate him. Song Zhe Yuanyou eight years (1093), as Zhongshan Sushi House prefect from the Imperial Academy, took him to the Imperial Academy Chengzhi was recommending cloth, cloth Fuchu is a bureaucrat who has a lot of this, there is no accepted, high turn Sushi Qiu Du Wei Wang Jinqing instead recommended in consort. Gao Qiu lived in the palace, one is seven years, until King Cheoljong Yuan Fu for three years (1100), only by chance know of a Duan. Coincidentally, a month later, King Cheoljong died, the emperor is Huizong Duan, Gao Qiu was Huizong "no time to move worship", a few years rose to the rank Jiedushi, getting promoted to senator Shixiang. "Traverse those two decades, San Ya, and brought before the house the ministry of the Division, since Qiu is also the beginning." When a man, just a few kilometers to heaven, his father was promoted to high Jiedushi London complex, high-stretch but also by the brother of potential high-Qiu Yan, Chen was among the list, their children are all Langguan, an honor the extreme. To say Sushi internal party struggles as the court, often being demoted, Yuanyou eight years (1093), Xuan Renhuang collapse Queen Mother, King Cheoljong Chikamasa. As the old Sushi Party People know their politics for the New Deal are not very good grace from you outside the prefect complement to Zhongshan. Less than a year, and the political become increasingly worse, Shaosheng first year (1094) Run in April, as the courtiers in the Imperial Academy impeach him by the system when the word has ridiculed the language of slander toward first, relegated to the British State (now Yingde City, Guangdong Province) to know the state, no arrival, but also dismissed as Ningyuan Jun Jie Du Fu Shi, placed in Huizhou. Than that, not long before he was again dismissed as Qiongzhou Biejia living in Changhua Army, led a "non-Rensuo Ju, bait are not a" difficult life until Huizong ascended the throne (1101), only Yushe go north, and soon died of Changzhou. Can be said that Gao Qiu Apprentice of the day, it met disaster when Su Shi. Between the two since there are any link? "After the stag play record", said: Gao Qiu Shi always grateful, and never forget the feeling Su Xueshi Prize drawing, when the sons of Su Shi when friends and relatives to the capital, Gao Qiu to personally ask to ask, to gold and silver property donated to the Zhou Ji poor. From this, the high-Qiu Shi Wang Jinqing recommended to not dislike him because of floating light waves, it is precisely because of the appreciation of his talent. Leila Su gallant life of people from undefended. High Wen-Hu Song, "Liao Hua Chau free record", said: "Pan-Su Zaizhan love for all persons, without Xianbu Xiao, Huan as well. Taste words: 'can be accompanied Jade Emperor, the next field hospital can stay humble beggar.' Child from the (his brother Su Che, known as 'Little Su Xueshi') little darker for permission to try quit Zaizhan deal with them, Zizhan said: 'See the world without a good front man, This is a disease.' "earthly things usually is such dramatic, Su Shi and Gao Qiu political views at odds, a quite different orientation in life, can be said that not a fellow of the people, but when the children of the poor can not save the Soviet Union's door when it is the turn saved Gao Qiu their lives, so that Su Shi nephew to revive the family tradition in the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi that perhaps his life thanks to "see the world without a good front man," honest to anyone, it makes political opponents for his broad bosom moved. By the way here and then explain what Gao Qiu old age. Jingkang early Gao Qiu Huizong southern escape escort, to the Linhuaiguan sudden on_set_, had to return to the capital. When there was a traitor Tong Guan, beam division into Heaven by the court, Cai Jing exile. But only from this disaster Gao Qiu, and later died at home. This is probably worthy of his life because Suxue Shi, Hades I did not let him do the ghost sword. 24, entrance exam Legend of Su Song Fukao boat early, because passers-by encounter storms, missed the opening test of the hour. Su adults are not allowed at first admission examiner, and later listened to the Soviet Union complained that a sudden and devastating sense of compassion, they recited to him a joint, if on the draw, they allowed him into the trial. Examiner out of the joint is: "small boat, carrying the second and third candidates, and take four or five 六日 waterways, seven top eight down to Jiujiang, very late." Su generation of wit worthy of the slightest thought it crashed on the second line: "bided poetry and literature reading ninety-eight volumes, over seven hundred sixty-five examination room in time, three to four to two fan, be sure to enter." the sentence with the order, with the reverse of the sentence. A scenario, there is experience, twists and turns but not rigid, as a clever pair. 25, declared yesterday suspected Su Su for "Wutai poem" was banished to Huangzhou, locals Li Fangshu sympathy to his face, I often went to visit, the two became best friends. Jing Su, after being recalled, still with Li Fangshu correspondence, intimate as before. Songyuan You, the Su ordered Imperial Examination know, Lifang Shu also participated in the examination. History books, said: Li Fangshu get the job, after insiders see Su, begged him to give a "human", but Su said no, he said in a letter addressed to Li Fangshu: "a friendship of shared services at the phase Mian Road, ignoring phase cited in Lee also ... ... "Uncle side reading, deeply moved, their friendship deepened Benedict. Hu Yan Ming in recent read book, "Hu said miscellaneous", there is another way. Hu said in the book, Su appreciate Lifang Shu. Exam One day, Uncle Su Su ordered child support for a party letters to Lifang Shu, coincides with Li Fangshu out, Lee's servant for the collection of the letters, placed on the coffee table. Shortly afterwards, the son of Zhang Zhang Dun support and assistance to visiting chapters, Li Fangshu still did not return. Chapter support, assistance Chapter two pulled the coffee table to take Jane purposefully opened, was "better than Liu Xiang Yang Xiong of" two. Chapter support, assistance brothers know which chapter must have a message, then quietly brought back to this Letters, careful study. Su if it is really intended to questions suggested in the respective persons, should constitute a "crime declared yesterday." Fortunately, just want to be the first Triumph brothers, do not want to harm; If you want to harm, that is simply holding out the hand-Su declaration, tracing them, Su Zongling die, they have deported a number of years. 26, could not bear to break up According to legend, Su asked the neighbors for dinner. On the table a deep-fried sparrows, a total of four guests not polite to eat three, left one. At this time, a neighbor of Su Shi said: "The left one, you ate it right!" Shi said: "I do not have the heart to break them, or do you eat it!" 27, Sushi and Noodles Su was banished to Hainan, the younger brother Su Che was demoted Leizhou. Met with the vine two states, more than surprise to the roadside store to eat noodles, Sushi Gaokuang open-minded, able to revel in the melancholy situation of adaptive, instant, has been "rough is not bad food" noodles light, but only eat a few mouthfuls of Su Zhe sigh to put down the chopsticks, Su joke to tease him: "Are you still want to savor it?" 28, covered with cow dung and the Buddha One day, Su Shi and Foyin with meditation. Sushi Q: Do you see what I like. For Yin said: I see you like the Buddha. Sushi laugh, and Foyin said: You know I see you sitting there like? To like a pool of cow dung. For Yin laughed off the question. Su Su Xiaomei home in front to show off about it. Su Xiaomei sneer about her brother said to you this perception also practice Zen, you know Zen's most particular about what? Is to see the mind and see. For Yin said, look, like the Buddha, it means there is Buddha in his heart; you Foyin like cow dung and think about what you have in mind to it!
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Handed down the famous
】 【Word articles Tangshan Tangshan, Trinidad new moon. Mian Liu blowing branches and small, to love again? Laughter is not heard this gradually becoming quiet, sentimental but was mercilessly angry. Regret The Self is, when forgotten camp? Years of life and death, does not consider, since the unforgettable. Trinidad solitary graves, Nowhere bleak. The same care for silence, only tears of thousands of lines. Will pull Diaogong such as the full moon, looking northwest, Sirius radio The drain, faded away, eternal heroes. Infinite horizon living thinking! Not only meet, but hurry. Yuji Acacia thousand points tears flow less, Chu Jiangdong. Tidal volume sentient wind thousands of miles, the relentless tide return delivery. Everything turned around and made off empty, are not turned around when the dream. Encounter is the leading edge of a drunk. High intelligence is by Xiaoyun empty, not with the pear with the dream. Rain in South interjection pillow, not Yao Yao Gu Hong. Huan Qing flavored world. This life is not long for this good night, the moon where to look next year? Lifetime wealth a grass Lu, behind Merry Mo flowers. This peace of mind is that my town. Psalm】 【 For the West than the West, wiping thick makeup total affordable. 春宵一刻值千金 spent a month there is yin fragrance. Mo flowers butterflies fly, country still is Xiren not. Lifetime wealth a grass Lu, behind Merry Mo flowers. Wearing old people do not feel ashamed, flower heads should be ashamed for the elderly. Land so do not go mountain, river God forgive me stubborn police. People like Qiuhong to have faith, things such as the illusion of the trace. For the first Spring River Arcadia dark outside a bamboo ramp better. And the king of ages as brothers, but also due to end next life unfulfilled. Bamboo outside the Peach thirty-two, Spring plumbing ducks. Nine dead Minamiarai I do not hate, it is Wonderful Tour crown his life! Next month who scattered clouds dotted the sky color of the capacity of the sea clarification. Yao Yao-day low falcon no place, Castle Peak situation as the Central Plains. Amidst the wave of Lushan Mountain in Zhejiang, before the advent Needless to offer all kinds of hate. Highly outer black wind, across the river to eastern Zhejiang Raindance. Taste of lychee three hundred days, without any hesitation as long Lingnan people. East bar a melancholy snow, life seen a few clear and bright.
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Writing style
Su Shi can be divided into three categories: 1, uninhibited style. This is the deliberate pursuit of the ideal Sushi style, he has plenty of excitement into the feelings of sadness or even the word, write tilting to the generous width of the heroic image and win big majestic scenes; 2, broad-minded style. This is the most representative of ideas and character traits of Su Shi's words wind; 3, graceful style. The number of Su Shi graceful words the total number of words in their possession of the absolute number of percentage, these words of deep affection pure wan, health lofty style is graceful word for a traditional inheritance and development.
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Su Shi Calligraphy
"Zhongshan Song Mash Fu" "Dongting Lake Spring Fu" "People come the Book" "Thanks to the people division papers quote" "Jiang Tie" "Cold Food Poetry Huangzhou quote" "Poems of Li Bai Xian quote" "Rhyming poetry posts Qin Void" "Crossing the Seas" "Ji Wen Huang few more volumes" "Plum Blossom Poem Tie" "Literary Works" "Tobu Tie" "North Tour Tie" "New Year celebration show quote" "Bao May Tie" "To make sub-Tie" "To quote the South Gui Shi Jun" "Second verse eloquence" "Night Tie" "Chen Kuige Monument" "To Ruoxu Explorer chido" "Huai Su preface" "Neighbor Tie" "And Fan Zaifeng", etc.
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Poetry works
"Red Cliff" "After the Red Cliff" "Shak Chung Shan Ji" "Ying export has shown signs of a yam, is to Shouzhou" "Spring Night" "Begonia" "And the child by the Mianchi nostalgia" "And the child by the hikers" "Shadow of Flowers" "(Hui Chong) Spring River at dusk" (Su Shi's poem is of the view Huichong the painting "Spring River at dusk" and for) "December day tour to visit Hui Qin Hui Gushan think two monks" "June 27 Lake-floor drunk book" "March 29" "Paternity Lantern Feast" "Drunk Mo Shu Shi Cang Tong" "The book Li Shinan painted autumn" "Question Jinshan Temple" "Question Xilin Wall" "Wanghai evening scene" "Books in northern Taiwan after the wall of snow" "After drinking the rain on the lake early Qing" "There is heavy rain the U.S. Church" "Resident _set_ Hui Institute of East Begonia varia mountain was also a native I do not know your" "Zeng Liu Jingwen" "Celebrate the 20th to the Qi Ting, county, Pan, ancient, sending more than three queen Guo east Zen courtyard" "Celebrate the 20th Pan Guo Ersheng a rural look with spring suddenly to mind with last year at the Queen City and former poetry is rhyme" "Bashengganzhou (Send parameters very few child)" "Bo Suanzi (missing link Wuyuan months)" "Butterfly in Love (flowers fade Canhong Tsing Hang small)" "Butterfly in Love (I remember the early encounter painted screen)" "Butterfly in Love (Spring Missouri)" "Given storm (often envy the world Zhuo Yu Lang)" "Given storm (Mo listen play Ye Chuan Lin)" "Shuilong Yin Zhang quality fu Yanghua Rhyming Words" "Dongxian Ge (The muscle)" "Dong Xiange (South Prince to do)" "Congratulation to the Bridegroom (milk Yanfei Hua House)" "Huan Xisha (block green wheat did not cover the Soviet Union)" "Huan Xisha (drawn Falcon Yokoe hi then swim)" "Huan Xisha (mountains dipped in halo Xia Wang invasion)" "Huanxi Sha (Blue Mountain Creek Baptist shoot short)" "Huan Xisha (old to go to court to send Mei Shangdang school officials)" "Huan Xisha (as Osamu rain Inclined)" "Huan Xisha (meaning)" "Huan Xisha (see photo at the warm dark red fish)" "减字木兰花 (spring months)" "减字木兰花 (empty bed ring cut)" "Jiang Chengzi (Cuie shame Dai people look scared)" "Jiangcheng Zi (the same lake and Zhang Xian Fu)" "Jiang Chengzai (talk fat boy crazy old lady)" "Jiang Chengzai (think infinite horizon living)" "Jiangcheng Zi Yi Mao twenty-first month in mind day and night Dream (years between life and death)" "Lin Jiangxian (east slope of the night awake re-drink drunk)" "Azolla (Jianghan the West)" "Azolla (Qing Ying east)" "Man Ting Fang (thirty-three years)" "Magnolia Order (second European Public Lake rhyme)" "TUNE (rain early suspect dark night)" "Tone of the South sub (full Shu Lei cold bird)" "Nango son (Bristol Yarn cool bamboo mat kitchen)" "Tone of the South sub (frost water mark collection)" "Tone of the South sub (send the above ancient)" "Niannu Jiao (Remembering Dongpo)" "Patio Spring (Guguan Light Green)" "Patio Spring (in love, if comic)" "Qing Yuan (three pillow Wuzhong)" "Nguyen Lang return (summer)" "Youth Travel (last year both hands)" "Post over (for the bow to reality)" "Thinking of You (Sun_set_ Xiulian Volume)" "Thinking of You (comparative study)" "Remember the night Chengtian Si" "Fan Zeng theory" "Jia Yi Theory" Sushi encourage each couplet: even if the worth of wayfinding no, do not fall into the wild with Habitat.
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Note the variety of
From the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's Note This works emerging, more well-known are: 1. Poetry Notes Zha Shenxing "chronological recharge Dongpo poem" Fung, garnet, "Poems of Su Wenzhong Note" Wen Gao, "Su Wenzhong Public Poetry Editor's note Integration" Fan-point school ceremony, "Poems of Su Shi," published by Zhonghua Book Company 1982 2. Wen Note Song Qiu Ye Editors note of the anthology, "The Collected Works of birthplace into the east slope" Ming Mao Wei's "The Complete Works of Su Shi's" Fan-point school ceremony, "Collected Works of Su Shi", Zhonghua Book Company 1986. 3. Word Note Neighbor Zhuzu chronological plan of the "east slope of the Poem" Long Yu born of modern people, "Su Shi Yue Jian." 4 other Lin Yutang's "Su Biography" excellent.
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Related Books
Title: Kang Su Zhen Comments Author Kangzhen Editor Lou Jianyong Zhonghua Book Company Publishing ISBN ISBN 978-7-101-05986-1 Price 28.00 yuan Introduction He was brilliant, free and easy, uninhibited, His ill-fated, humor of view, Him to his genius, profound, free and natural, passionate, leaving a section of the legendary story. After the millennium he is still a glorious Su exudes charm! Title: Su Chuan Author: Lin Yutang Translator: Moment Editor: Zhou Hong Published by: Shaanxi Normal University Press ISBN: ISBN 978-7-5613-3501-7 Price: 24.80 yuan (Another translation of this book have Songbi Yun 1977, Vision Press)
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TV Talk
CCTV-10 "Lecture Room" by the same name from lecture-based finishing touches. Directory Sequence (Zhong Zhenzhen) Chapter Youth fame Chapter II into career Chapter Apocalyptic Chapter chic Dongpo Chapter Chibi Masterpiece Chapter comeback Chapter VII quit Chapter VIII of a further devaluation devaluation Chapter IX star fall Chapter grandchildren Chapter brotherhood Chapter XII Dongpo impression Main References Reviews on Sushi Poetry Readings Postscript
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Crafts
Su Shi Su Shi theme for the various crafts: Ceramic sculptures created by the master of letters Weimin Such works as "Shiwan doll", is located in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Shiwan, with Lingnan characteristics of the native. As shown
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Scholars note
Huang Ting: People that Dongpo for this article, see the clever because of the difficulty, it is very public. I will think not. He is the old in the article, so put pen to paper ears are free and natural driving into the distance. ----" Comment Dongpo <tippler operation> " Chao Without Harm: Su word that many people do not homophonic law. However, the word was placed horizontally distinguished scholar, who naturally could not tune in the tie. Xu degree: (Yong), although most workers caused by the word, then more complex to vulgar language, so the prevalent custom of people, especially hi Road. Then in Europe, the Soviet Union following the gentlemen, Wenge a change to the lyrics, structure and elegance. But scan articles ----" " You: Shi Yan Dongpo not songs, so many words by the East House is not harmonious. Chao Tao that: Shaosheng early, and do not in Kaifeng on the eastern slope, east slope of Jiuhan, since the song "Old Yang Guan." The public and non-can song, but do not like bold cut to the ear to rhythm. ----" Lao Temple Notes " Chen Xun: Su Shi Chong gas grid independence, Zhen Liu regulations, Qin, Ci of respect, beginning from the east slope. ----" Sea rhetoric raw silk " Wang Guowei: Than the Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty, the eastern slope like Bai, Europe, like Morocco's long Qin, Qi Qing like Lotte, Fang Hui, the principles of style in sub-tert-like. Mr. ----" Memorabilia is still on the three-Muslim " Zhu By Fax: Days of rain the wind the sea hack mind, Baishi Qing Ye empty footsteps. Who see the true face of east slope, have fresh ears, said Su Xin. Cai Song says: Dongpo, chest with rolls, pens, no point of dust. The big and wide, not to make bold words, but in its bosom all the weather has covered. If only the passage of its appearance, He Yi mere copycat. Dongpo Xiaoling, elegant Yu Xu, Masato deep cause, open up a territory. Non-minded Gaokuang located, how can he have this sickness is. ----" Cohen Pavilion of the word "
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Wutai poem
Song Shenzong in Xining period (1068 ~ 1077) re-Political Reform, Reform, after defeat, but also in per harvest period (1078 ~ 1085) in the restructuring. On political reform to the restructuring of the turning point occurred Sushi Wutai poem. Li this case be denounced first by monitoring the censor, after the trial in the Imperial prison. Since the Han Dynasty Imperial is known as "Wu Taiwan", so the case is called "Wutai poem." Su Song Shenzong years as opposed to the new law, and in his poems reveal a dissatisfaction with the New Deal. Since he was the leader of the literary world, let the poetry of Su Shi's spread in the community is very unfavorable for the implementation of the New Deal. Therefore, the acquiescence of Shenzong, Su Shi was arrested and brought into Wutai, one is 4 months off, every day was forced to explain the poems he wrote before the origin and the origin of words in the stories. The Song Dynasty scholar's practice not to kill, so Sushi spared, but disparaged Fushi Huangzhou militia. Yuanfeng year (1079), any shift Sushi Huzhou (Zhejiang Province, Wu County), July was sent by Imperial and others imprisoned Huangfu compliance, they testify in the poetry of Su Shi distort the facts and slander the court. Censor Li Ding, Hezheng Chen, Shudan and others, cite Su Shi's "Poetry Chronicle Hangzhou," as evidence, said he was "playing with the court, mocking the national event", but also from his dug out of a two other poems, taken out of context to give conviction, such as: "Law school rolls do not read, no technical knowledge induced Jun Yao and Shun," Sushi is said that he originally did not pass the law for a class book to read, so I can not help the emperor to be like Yao and Shun, as the saints , they is ironic that he did not take the law to teach the emperor, supervision officials; such as "clear idea of the East China Sea, if known, should be changed to teach exclusion halogen Kuwata," said he was accused of building water conservancy projects of the measures do not. In fact, in Hangzhou, Su Shi is also beefing their engineering, how can that it is wrong? Another example is "How can it be forgotten solution Wenshao taste, salt-free food near to March," said he was ironically against the people selling salt. In a nutshell, is found that he dared to ridicule the emperor and prime minister, committed heinous crimes should be sentenced to death.
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Crafts
苏轼 民间工艺
Sushi Sushi is subject to a variety of crafts: Ceramic sculptures created by the master of letters Weimin Such works as "Shiwan doll", is located in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, Shiwan, with Lingnan characteristics of the native. If left
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Encyclopedia
Su Shi Sushi Song writer, painter and calligrapher. Word Zizhan, word, and Chung, Su Shi No. Meishan Meizhou (this is a Sichuan) people. Landlord families came from a poor family. Bear young tutor, by the influence of his father Su Xun, Cheng mother has "Qinshou to book." Is long, "pass through the history of science, which is thousands of words on paper" (Su Che "Su Shi's Epitaph"). □ the first year of life and thought of Ka (1056), Su Shi for the first time out of Sichuan to Beijing to be held the following year, almost exactly the same list with the younger brother of Scholars, Xiu appreciated by the examiner. The mother after the funeral for Ben back to Shu, Jia □ along the Yangtze River began four years, again to Beijing via Gangneung. Kerry should be in the system six years □ Branch into the third and so on, what assessment grant Dali, House Fengxiang judge a book signing. During this period Sushi for lack of financial, military weak, redundancy and other political abuses official, wrote a large number of political discourse for reform. Shaosheng the first year of King Cheoljong Chikamasa, the New Party got the upper hand and denigration element □ Jiu Chen, Su has become the object of these upstart fight was a derogatory then and again, by the British state (now Yingde), Huizhou, has been far into the Danzhou (now Danzhou County). Although at the time, "a diet, there is no remedy," is extremely difficult conditions, Su was able to "eat taro drinking water, a book that music." Li and Huizhou people and reveals the profound sympathy of the people. Yuan Fu until three years (1100) Huizong ascended the throne, he was Yushe North return. Jianzhong Yasukuni Shrine, the first year (1101) died in July, Changzhou. Sushi on the basis of the Confucian system Ruran Buddhism and Taoism, he Confucianism, Buddhism, the old philosophy combines three, each thinking of almost all of his appeal. His early years on "Fen Li Zhi had when the world" ("Mr. Su Shi Epitaph"), very long for "clear and bright and the world court Zhiping," ("policy do not," the eighth) of the Golden Age, Fu Jun country with a Confucian, to Benefit the People political
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English Expression
n.: Su Shi
Thesaurus
Su a layman Buddhist, Su, Zaizhan
Related Phrases
literature
ancient style poetry
the Song Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.)
ballad
history
culture
literary inquisition
Chinese history
Hainan
Danzhou
tomorrow
college
classical style of writing
prose
travel
landscape
toponomy
celebrity
composition
Poetry
poetry of the Song Dynasty (characterized by lines of irregular length)
Huang Tingjian