[Chinese name] gypsy moth [Alias] swing caterpillars, apple moth, caterpillars persimmon [Generic] lymantria dispar l. [Synonym] ocneria dispar linnaeus [Projects] Lepidoptera [Section] moth Division [Is] moth is [Host] Persimmon Pear Apple chestnut oak cherry willow ON TOURISM larch Sang Yu Li Hua Quercus mongolica Tilia Persimmon Hawthorn maple spruce pine Pinus yunnanensis pine birch and other mountain pine [Damage characteristics] main leaves in the larvae, and in severe leaf can be eaten whole. [Characterization] Male adult: body length 20 mm, forewing dark brown, with 4,5 bar wavy horizontal bands, the outer belt was dark, the room has a central black spot. Female: 25 mm in length, wing gray, each between two veins of a dark brown spots. Staple the end of a brown abdomen. Eggs: round slightly flat, 1.3 mm in diameter, initially produced for the apricot yellow, with several hundred first one thousand into the egg mass production, and its covered with thick brown hair. Larvae: old 50-70 mm in length when ripe, black head and yellow-brown, eight-shaped pattern. Section II of the chest to the abdomen, the gross tumor is blue, the abdomen the third - nine of 7 on the gross tumor is red. Pupa: Length 19 ~ 34mm, female pupae large male pupae small. Body color reddish brown or dark brown, yellow rust is a staple. [Transmission] Rely on transmission of adult fly. [Occurrence] Occurred 1 year on behalf of, the egg cracks in rocks or tree trunks split at the back of winter depression. May the coming year between the overwintering eggs hatch, newly hatched larvae are clustered damage habit, grow up scattered damage. Damage to July, and mid-mature larva lying in the trunk split place, twigs, leaves, etc. pupation cocoons. In mid-July as the occurrence of adult male moths flying good, often in groups as a rotary flying during the day. Eggs in the trees prolific in the branches of the nightside, females lay eggs every 1-2 blocks, each of several hundred, overlying the end of the female moth abdominal Dryopteris cinnamon. [Habits] Gypsy moth occurred in the Greater Xing'an generation a year, mainly to complete the embryonic development of the larvae overwinter in the egg, the following year the larvae begin to hatch in early May, with eggs hatching sooner or later, the place where the warmth of the block is related to production on cliffs and on gravel late in the hatching egg. Cluster in the original larvae hatched egg masses, the temperature gets warmer feeding on tree buds and leaves. 1st instar larvae there is a "Sailing", so you can drift long distances with the wind. In the course of its growth habit has spread, the larval duration is longer, generally about a half months. July to start in early pupation, pupal stage 12-17 days, mainly in the tree leaves, the bark of joints, trunk cracks, under rocks and spit a small amount of wire to pupa in place. August for the emergence of, because after emergence of groups of male adults often fly in the day, so called "gypsy moth." 2-3 days after emergence to mate. Female moths lay eggs in the trunk surface, the surface of the main branch, tree holes, under rocks, cliffs Shelter and fine gravel. The average fecundity per female was 450, each egg mass is more than 300 eggs, spawning a large amount of the maximum time of up to 1000, an average of 750. About a month fully formed larvae within the egg, and then stops growing, entered diapause period. Eggs up to 9 months, egg masses in the distribution of forest types, there are two types: high-density aggregation when the distribution of low density, random distribution. Both male and female adult gypsy moth strong phototaxis, male adults have a strong chemotaxis (adult female sex attractant for the release of cis 7,8 - epoxy -2-- methyl-octadecane). [Control methods] 1, the artificial egg collection method in the year of the outbreak of gypsy moth, gypsy moth eggs under the general large concentrations of cliffs, trees, grass, etc., the eggs of up to 9 months, so easy to manually collected and concentrated destroyed. Years 1995 -1997 in the Root River, Ituri River and have the ear of three FDA Boolean gypsy moth egg masses were collected about Act 10 million kg, control area to 1.4 million hectares, largely control the pest damage, and costs than low. 2, the method of artificial methods for collecting larvae of a small area of the implementation of serious land better place because in the Greater Xing'an 5 June each year for the fire emergency period, it is generally the smoke caused by forest fire prevention and control easily, so use This approach can also control the outbreak of gypsy moth damage. Therefore, we must mobilize all forces can be mobilized to focus on collecting egg masses, and promptly destroyed to reduce the population density. Acquisition time should be of gypsy moth larvae overeating before the age of 3 to 4. Such control methods can be used as an extension of ovum and supplement block methods. 3, Smoke control in late May each year to early June, in the 3rd instar larvae of gypsy moth is about the chemical smoke control, smoke release time is generally controlled by temperature inversion occurs when the early morning or evening when, between the smoke point distance of 7 meters, with the distance between the smoke point of 300 meters, if more than 300 meters, should be supplemented with secondary smoke. When in the Smoke and Smoke safe operation must be in accordance with the operation of the process of release of fire smoke, preventing the causes of forest fires. Note that smoke should be based bio-pesticides, chemical pesticides on the environment, reduce the damaging effects. However, when necessary, for emergency use of chemical agents suppress the population density, reducing disaster losses. 4, the main control aerosol smoke control larvae collected in the artificial egg masses of gypsy moth, the eggs where the density is still high, at the peak of hatching larvae were spraying one, be careful to take in the gypsy moth egg hatching peak. Prevention and control in the forest should be in the 3rd instar larval stage, you can use Bacillus thuringiensis strains btmp-342 spraying; 1.8% or 0.9% abamectin abamectin EC smoke or spraying, and other biological pesticide spraying smoke control. Spray hood is mainly used in Nantong, Jiangsu production 3wf type spray hood. Smoke control with fire, safety, efficiency and so on. Using this technology better control leaf-eating pests. 5, light trapping beginning to grasp the emergence of the gypsy moth, predicted the beginning of peak emergence, and in the field or the frequency of vibration using black light lamp with high voltage power grid to trap and kill, the more than 2 _set_s of lights should be in a group, between the lamp and lamp distance of 500 meters, you can get better control effect. In the light trap in the process, we must pay attention to the open space around the lamp spraying of chemical pesticides, in a timely manner to a variety of lure to kill adult insects. 7, improve the environment, protect the natural enemies of gypsy moth occurrence and environmental conditions are closely related, as already mentioned. Therefore, to improve the forest structure, environmental quality, rational close planting is an effective way to control the pest, but also a fundamental control of gypsy moth outbreaks in the comprehensive management measures. According to domestic research report, China natural enemies of gypsy moth 6 orders, 19 families a total of 91 species. Of which 57 species of parasitic insects, 30 species of Ichneumonidae, 27 species of parasitic flies, 19 species of Hemiptera, 10 species of Carabidae. Egg parasitic natural enemies that mainly large moth eggs Encyrtidae (doencyrtus kuwanal (howard)), larvae of Apanteles main natural enemies, sending flies; pupae of gypsy moth natural enemies are mainly Ichneumonidae melanoma, sending flies. Greater Xing'an now known natural enemies of gypsy moth are about 30 kinds. There are also predators of birds, spiders, bacteria, virus. Protect natural enemies of gypsy moth present forest resources, reduce the frequency of use of chemical pesticides and scope of the changes in gypsy moth populations by natural enemies of effective control, you can achieve the worm is not the purpose of disaster, protect the existing forest resources . [Forecast] First, the occurrence of Forecasting Methods Predict the occurrence of short-term forecasts can be divided into medium-term forecasts and long-term prediction of three. In the short and medium range forecast, we can investigate the actual situation, combined with state of gypsy moth occurrence of different stages (Table 6-3) to predict the occurrence of the next instars, that we know the state before the occurrence of a pest period, together with the number of days of distance, we can forecast the occurrence of the latter state of insect. For example, a gypsy moth egg hatch in the peak period is May 16, under the law of the distance can be inferred to pupation peak of May 16 +57 days = 13 July. The occurrence of other states of the insect can also be an example of an area similar to the previous method derived. Long-term forecast is mainly based on predicting gypsy moth occurrence, we have mastered the different instars and instar of the time of occurrence, mortality, winter base, you can make long-term forecasts. In the application of the off_set_ method, the field survey must be combined with the indoor rearing, feeding should be the number of random sampling, the minimum sample size of not less than 30, the corresponding make a record. Generally, the beetles will be a state of insect pests state change is the ratio of B more than 16%, 50% and 84% referred to as the beginning of B instars peak, peak and end Sheng. Second, the amount of gypsy moth survey methods occurred 1, eggs and egg masses of gypsy moth survey method as the first female moths lay eggs every 1-2 blocks of the block, and the location is relatively fixed, easy to find, and eggs for up to 9 months or so, it is generally the eggs and egg masses as the focus of the investigation . We demand that the investigation includes not only the egg-like egg masses on trees, but also to survey 20 square meters on all objects within the scope of the number of egg masses (shrubs, grass, gravel, cliffs, etc.), if the number of up to 500 eggs / square meters, will cause harm to the trees, if an average number of eggs per egg capsules up to 1000-1500, then herald the arrival of the rampant pest. 5-6 months each year to _set_ a standard in 2000 acres of land, plot area of 100 square meters, 20 strains were randomly _select_ed sample trees, like the tree canopy in the middle and lower, respectively, by choose any kind of sticks 30 cm long sticks, Record number of various branches gypsy moth larvae, and then measure the sample strain of the lateral branch of the cumulative length, and then kind of strain derived population density, the forecast for other instars way. 4, gypsy moth pupal weight and the relationship between egg number portability will live female gypsy moth pupae weight, according to individual weight 0.2 g is a difference between the groups of 30 placed in rearing cages until adult emergence mating after the female anatomy, and calculate the average number of eggs per record. After preliminary work, the statistics of gypsy moth eggs per female carrying capacity of 510, and the female pupal weight decreased by 0.2 per gram, the corresponding decline in egg number portability 10-30 grains. Third, the scope and degree of harm occurring Forecast Mainly through the routes investigated the distribution of gypsy moth, in the investigation occurred while the amount of harmful levels of investigation, and the next year predict the trend of the pest occurs, must be combined with the historical occurrence. [Geographical distribution] Northeast, North China, Central China, Northwest. May 1981, chaor Bureau of larch, birch large area of gypsy moth occurrence, area of 86.05 hectares, the highest population density of more than 300 articles. 1995-1997, May, Ituri River, Root River, may have large ears Boolean Forestry harm occurring gypsy moth, an area of 50 mu. 1995-1996 files in the root of Greater Xing'an River, River and Ituri Forest have such large ears Boolean occurred cumulative incidence area of more than than 7 million hectares. Since 2006 a large number of forest areas affected Xiaoxing'anling Northeast, mid-July 2007 again, but the number was significantly less than the previous year.
Translated by Google
No. 2
Female moths and egg masses [Chinese name] gypsy moth [Alias] swing caterpillars, apple moth, caterpillars persimmon [English name] gypsy moth [Generic] Lymantria dispar L. [Synonym] Ocneria dispar Linnaeus Males [projects] Lepidoptera [Section] moth Division [Is] moth is [Host] Persimmon Pear Apple chestnut oak cherry willow ON TOURISM larch Sang Yu Li Hua Quercus mongolica Tilia Persimmon Hawthorn maple spruce pine Pinus yunnanensis Kabayama 500 kinds of plants such as pine Pinus [Damage characteristics] main leaves in larvae, insect big appetite, diet mixed, severe leaf can be eaten whole. [Introduction} Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) moth families (Liparidae) of the European species, scientific name Lymantria dispar. Eastern North America introduced the 1860s, forest and fruit trees as a major pest. Moth thick, white, with Z-shaped markings, wingspan of 38 to 50 mm (1.5 to 2 inches), poor flight. Males smaller, dark color, good flying. July to lay eggs, female moths covered with hair bundles ventral side of egg masses, hatching the following spring. Larvae light brown, flat-shaped, up to 50 mm (2 inches). Belly, the leaves can be eaten within a few weeks. Into moth pupae about 10 days from the cocoon drilled, completed a year of generation. [Characterization] Adult male and female shaped. Male adult: 20 mm in length, wing dark brown, with 4,5 bar wavy bars, the outer belt was dark, the room has a central black spot. Female: 25 mm in length, wing gray, each between two veins of a dark brown spots. Staple the end of a brown abdomen. Eggs: round slightly flat, 1.3 mm in diameter, initially produced for the apricot yellow, with several hundred first one thousand into the egg mass production, and its covered with thick brown hair. Larvae: old 50-70 mm in length when ripe, black head and yellow-brown, eight-shaped pattern. Section II of the chest to the abdomen, the gross tumor is blue, the abdomen the third - nine of 7 on the gross tumor is red. Pupa: Length 19 ~ 34mm, female pupae large male pupae small. Body color reddish brown or dark brown, yellow rust is a staple. Larvae picture [of transmission] Rely on transmission of adult fly. [Occurrence] Occurred 1 year on behalf of, the egg cracks in rocks or tree trunks split at the back of winter depression, host germination began to hatch, newly hatched larvae habitat surface of leaf base during the day and night feeding leaves into the hole, hanging by the vibration by the wind after the silking communication, it is also called swing caterpillars. After age 2, scattered feeding during the day and habitat tree branches, tree bark or rock joints, the evening feeding on the tree, climbed Shiyou dawn concealed places. Males molt 5 times, 6 female molting, all night shed a cluster tree, the larval stage of about 60 days, 5 to 6 months the heaviest damage, aging after another 6 months late, climbed to the shelter pupation cocoons. Pupal stage, 10 to 15 days, a large number of adult emergence in July. Adults with phototaxis, male and lively, flying in the canopy during the day between. Females rarely fly, can induce the release of sex hormones outside to the mating male moths, lay eggs after mating, prolific in the branches, dry nightside. Each female can lay 1 to 2. May the coming year between the overwintering eggs hatch, newly hatched larvae are clustered damage habit, grow up scattered damage. Damage to July, and mid-mature larva lying in the trunk split place, twigs, leaves, etc. pupation cocoons. In mid-July as the occurrence of adult male moths flying good, often in groups as a rotary flying during the day. Eggs in the trees prolific in the branches of the nightside, females lay eggs every 1-2 blocks, each of several hundred, overlying the end of the female moth abdominal Dryopteris cinnamon. Pupa [habits] Gypsy moth occurred in the Greater Xing'an generation a year, mainly to complete the embryonic development of the larvae overwinter in the egg, the following year the larvae begin to hatch in early May, with eggs hatching sooner or later, the place where the warmth of the block is related to production on cliffs and on gravel late in the hatching egg. Cluster in the original larvae hatched egg masses, the temperature gets warmer feeding on tree buds and leaves. 1st instar larvae there is a "Sailing", so you can drift long distances with the wind. In the course of its growth habit has spread, the larval duration is longer, generally about a half months. July to start in early pupation, pupal stage 12-17 days, mainly in the tree leaves, the bark of joints, trunk cracks, stones, the insect does not woven cocoon, cut a small amount of wire will spit pupa in place. August for the emergence of, because after emergence of groups of male adults often fly in the day, so called "gypsy moth." 2-3 days after emergence to mate. Female moths lay eggs in the trunk surface, the surface of the main branch, tree holes, under rocks, cliffs Shelter and fine gravel. The average fecundity per female was 450, each egg mass is more than 300 eggs, spawning a large amount of the maximum time of up to 1000, an average of 750. About a month fully formed larvae within the egg, and then stops growing, entered diapause period. Eggs up to 9 months, egg masses in the distribution of forest types, there are two types: high-density aggregation when the distribution of low density, random distribution. Both male and female adult gypsy moth strong phototaxis, male adults have a strong chemotaxis (adult female sex attractant for the release of cis 7,8 - epoxy -2-- methyl-octadecane). [Control methods] 1, the artificial egg collection method in the year of the outbreak of gypsy moth, gypsy moth eggs under the general large concentrations of cliffs, trees, grass, etc., the eggs of up to 9 months, so easy to manually collected and concentrated destroyed. Years 1995 -1997 in the Root River, Ituri River and have the ear of three FDA Boolean gypsy moth egg masses were collected about Act 10 million kg, control area to 1.4 million hectares, largely control the pest damage, and costs than low. 2, the method of artificial methods for collecting larvae of a small area of the implementation of serious land better place because in the Greater Xing'an 5 June each year for the fire emergency period, it is generally easier to control the smoke caused by forest fires, so use This approach can also control the outbreak of gypsy moth damage. Therefore, we must mobilize all forces can be mobilized to focus on collecting egg masses, and promptly destroyed to reduce the population density. Acquisition time should be of gypsy moth larvae overeating before the age of 3 to 4. Such control methods can be used as an extension of ovum and supplement block methods. 3, Smoke control in late May each year to early June, in the 3rd instar larvae of gypsy moth is about the chemical smoke control, smoke release time is generally controlled by temperature inversion occurs when the early morning or evening when, between the smoke point distance of 7 meters, with the distance between the smoke point of 300 meters, if more than 300 meters, should be supplemented with secondary smoke. When in the Smoke and Smoke safe operation must be in accordance with the operation of the process of release of fire smoke, preventing the causes of forest fires. Note that smoke should be based bio-pesticides, chemical pesticides on the environment, reduce the damaging effects. However, when necessary, for emergency use of chemical agents suppress the population density, reducing disaster losses. 4, the main control aerosol smoke control larvae collected in the artificial egg masses of gypsy moth, the eggs where the density is still high, at the peak of hatching larvae were spraying one, be careful to take in the gypsy moth egg hatching peak. Prevention and control in the forest should be in the 3rd instar larval stage, you can use Bacillus thuringiensis strains BtMP-342 spraying; 1.8% or 0.9% abamectin abamectin EC smoke or spraying, and other biological pesticide spraying smoke control. Spray hood is mainly used in Nantong, Jiangsu production 3WF-type spray hood. Smoke with fire prevention, safety, efficiency and so on. Using this technology better control leaf-eating pests. 5, light trapping beginning to grasp the emergence of the gypsy moth, predicted the beginning of peak emergence, and in the field or the frequency of vibration using black light lamp with high voltage power grid to trap and kill, the more than 2 _set_s of lights should be in a group, between the lamp and lamp distance of 500 meters, you can get better control effect. In the light trap in the process, we must pay attention to the open space around the lamp spraying of chemical pesticides, in a timely manner to a variety of lure to kill adult insects. 7, improve the environment, protect the natural enemies of gypsy moth occurrence and environmental conditions are closely related, as already mentioned. Therefore, to improve the forest structure, environmental quality, rational close planting is an effective way to control the pest, but also a fundamental control of gypsy moth outbreaks in the comprehensive management measures. According to domestic research report, China natural enemies of gypsy moth 6 orders, 19 families a total of 91 species. Of which 57 species of parasitic insects, 30 species of Ichneumonidae, 27 species of parasitic flies, 19 species of Hemiptera, 10 species of Carabidae. Egg parasitic natural enemies that mainly large moth eggs Encyrtidae (Doencyrtus kuwanal (Howard)), the main natural enemy is the larva of Apanteles, send fly; pupae of gypsy moth natural enemies are mainly Ichneumonidae melanoma, sending flies. Greater Xing'an now known natural enemies of gypsy moth are about 30 kinds. There are also predators of birds, spiders, bacteria, virus. Protect natural enemies of gypsy moth present forest resources, reduce the frequency of use of chemical pesticides and scope of the changes in gypsy moth populations by natural enemies of effective control, you can achieve the worm is not the purpose of disaster, protect the existing forest resources . [Forecast] First, the occurrence of Forecasting Methods Predict the occurrence of short-term forecasts can be divided into medium-term forecasts and long-term prediction of three. In the short and medium range forecast, we can investigate the actual situation, combined with state of gypsy moth occurrence of different stages (Table 6-3) to predict the occurrence of the next instars, that we know the state before the occurrence of a pest period, together with the number of days of distance, we can forecast the occurrence of the latter state of insect. For example, a gypsy moth egg hatch in the peak period is May 16, under the law of the distance can be inferred to pupation peak of May 16 +57 days = 13 July. The occurrence of other states of the insect can also be an example of an area similar to the previous method derived. Long-term forecast is mainly based on predicting gypsy moth occurrence, we have mastered the different instars and instar of the time of occurrence, mortality, winter base, you can make long-term forecasts. In the application of the off_set_ method, the field survey must be combined with the indoor rearing, feeding should be the number of random sampling, the minimum sample size of not less than 30, the corresponding make a record. Generally, the beetles will be a state of insect pests state change is the ratio of B more than 16%, 50% and 84% referred to as the beginning of B instars peak, peak and end Sheng. Second, the amount of gypsy moth survey methods occurred 1, eggs and egg masses of gypsy moth survey method as the first female moths lay eggs every 1-2 blocks of the block, and the location is relatively fixed, easy to find, and eggs for up to 9 months or so, it is generally the eggs and egg masses as the focus of the investigation . We demand that the investigation includes not only the egg-like egg masses on trees, but also to survey 20 square meters on all objects within the scope of the number of egg masses (shrubs, grass, gravel, cliffs, etc.), if the number of up to 500 eggs / square meters, will cause harm to the trees, if an average number of eggs per egg capsules up to 1000-1500, then herald the arrival of the rampant pest. 5-6 months each year to _set_ a standard in 2000 acres of land, plot area of 100 square meters, 20 strains were randomly _select_ed sample trees, like the tree canopy in the middle and lower, respectively, by choose any kind of sticks 30 cm long sticks, Record number of various branches gypsy moth larvae, and then measure the sample strain of the lateral branch of the cumulative length, and then kind of strain derived population density, the forecast for other instars way. 4, gypsy moth pupal weight and the relationship between egg number portability will live female gypsy moth pupae weight, according to individual weight 0.2 g is a difference between the groups of 30 placed in rearing cages until adult emergence mating after the female anatomy, and calculate the average number of eggs per record. After preliminary work, the statistics of gypsy moth eggs per female carrying capacity of 510, and the female pupal weight decreased by 0.2 per gram, the corresponding decline in egg number portability 10-30 grains. Third, the scope and degree of harm occurring Forecast Mainly through the routes investigated the distribution of gypsy moth, in the investigation occurred while the amount of harmful levels of investigation, and the next year predict the trend of the pest occurs, must be combined with the historical occurrence. [Geographical distribution] Northeast, North China, Central China, Northwest. May 1981, chaor Bureau of larch, birch large area of gypsy moth occurrence, area of 86.05 hectares, the highest population density of more than 300 articles. 1995-1997, May, Ituri River, Root River, may have large ears Boolean Forestry harm occurring gypsy moth, an area of 50 mu. 1995-1996 files in the root of Greater Xing'an River, River and Ituri Forest have such large ears Boolean occurred cumulative incidence area of more than than 7 million hectares. Since 2006 a large number of forest areas affected Xiaoxing'anling Northeast, mid-July 2007 again, but the number was significantly less than the previous year.
Translated by Google
Wikipedia Daquan
wudu □ e Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) moth families (Lymantriidae) and forest pests in fruit trees. Swing, also known as caterpillars, persimmon caterpillars. Larvae feeding on oak, poplar, larch, linden trees and apple trees, hawthorn and other trees of leaves. Spread quickly, multiplication rate and food intake are large, can cause great economic losses, is a worldwide major pests. Gypsy moth in different regions have some of the preferable type. In China, above all species are likely to suffer serious impact in the Northeast but also the production of silk. Morphological characteristics of adult male and female gypsy moth shaped. Males 15 to 22 mm body length, wingspan 35 ~ 55 mm; body brown or grayish brown; antennae pectinate, comb teeth than the female moth's long, brown, deep brown; elytra dark brown or brown with dark jagged horizontal line, in the room with a dark brown central point of a curved cross-veins dark brown pattern; front and rear wings are brown negative. Body length of female moths from 20 to 30 mm, wingspan 55 ~ 90 mm; all the yellow-white or light gray yellow, slightly dark colored head, abdomen thick end of the raw brown hair, wing markings and the males of similar, but before and after each of the two wings of tenderness between the outer edge of a dark brown spots are. Egg mass densely brown hair, each with hundreds of eggs as well as more than a thousand grains, eggs round, 1.3 mm in diameter. 1 instar larval body _set_ae very long, bristle-like expansion of the central part of a bubble, and diffusion of favorable wind, swing caterpillars hence the name. Mature larva body length 50 to 70 mm, yellowish brown to grayish yellow, the section back, the side were a gross tumor, arranged in 6 rows from front to back, the back two rows of brightly-colored hair tumors, the first 5 pairs of blue , after 7 to red. _Set_ae shorter hair on the back of aneurysm, a bottom side of the longest bristle, brown. Pupa 19 ~ 34 mm long, reddish brown to dark brown, rust and yellow hair bundle to be (see chart). Distribution and living habits of the gypsy moth are widely distributed in China; Europe, Africa, Asia, Japan, Korea and other countries too. Occurred in one generation, the larvae overwinter in the egg, 5 to 7 month period of larval infestation. Early instar larvae feeding on the leaves; after age 2, most of the larvae during the day and moved to the trunk cracks, tree holes or under stones, etc. habitat, night feeding on the tree; last instar larvae eat the most. A larval life may be feeding the leaves nearly 1 square meter. Male larvae are usually mature after age 5; female larvae mature age 6, and sometimes also more than one skin off. In mid-June the larvae began to mature a small amount of wire fixation in the leaves, the trunk cracks, tree holes or under stones pupation, the pupa of 10 to 18 days. Adult emergence began in early July to lay eggs, roughly the same spawning sites and pupation sites. Male is very active in the forest during the day and often fly in groups, attitude just like butterflies, as the gypsy moth is named after. Females fly only at night, but the American produced female moth can not fly. Phototaxis have a certain gender, the female's slightly more male than the amount of lights. Significant phenomenon of the female lure. The outbreaks of gypsy moth and forest conditions and climate, natural enemies, particularly the nutritional status of host plants are closely related, and showed a certain periodicity, usually low in the canopy (0.2 ~ 0.5) single-Lin Fasheng frequent and serious canopy density is less storied complex large outbreak. Many natural enemies, the Chinese are gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus and tibial comb decorated Send abdominal Send mayfly flies and moth flies Apanteles and so on. Control methods or early spring, autumn and winter season can scrape egg masses, and focus on burning; or adult with a black light in the active stage of the trapping. When the leaves may be killed when severe, can be used pesticides in the 4th instar larvae before spraying: 1 to 3 years old at the time the larvae, spraying gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus or bacillus thuringiensis preparation; also be high levels of contact insecticide spraying killing larvae in the trunk. The United States has synthetic cis 7,8 - epoxy -2-- methyl octadecane gypsy moth sex attractant properties. (Huang Jing Fang)
