Hu Feng (November 2, 1902 - 1985 June 8), Hubei Qichun, formerly known as Chang who, under the pen name Gu Fei, high shortage, Zhang fruits. Literary theorist, literary critic, translator, July Poets, one of the left-wing representative of Chinese culture. Former Chinese propaganda minister of Left-Wing Writers Union, and Lu Xun have great contacts. After the founding of the PRC, its literature and ideas and not those in power but was purged, and _set_ off a huge political critique involves movement. Vindicated after the reform and opening up. Early 1923 into the National Southeast University Affiliated High School (later renamed the Central University Experimental High School and High School Affiliated to Nanjing University High School, South Division High School), Ba Jin, who worked with the students. 1925 matriculation into Peking University, Tsinghua University, Western literature changed into a year later, in 1929 to study English at Keio University, Japan, joined the Japanese general Art Research Institute of Science and publications in Japan, "Art Studies" and " general literary talks "on the left-wing revolution introduced Chinese literature. One of Tokyo as the person in charge of Union Chinese Leftist Writers' League. Leftist back into Shanghai in 1933, the left-wing literary movement, a former Leftist propaganda minister, chief secretary. 1935, edited Secrets Series "Sawdust Wencong" published novels, reflecting Soviet struggle against the Soviet Union and introduced the theory of socialist realism. Early 1936, co-editor of "Swallow", translation reflects Korea, anti-colonial struggle of the people of Taiwan short story collection "Mountain of Hope", a collection of left-wing writers in Taiwan with Japanese creative fiction, such as Yang Kui "Newspaper Boy", Lu Ho-jo "carts" , is the first Taiwanese Easy-World Translation of Japanese Literature. After the outbreak of war in 1937, Hu Feng Edit "July" in Shanghai literary magazine, published "Poems July Cong" and "July Wencong" series. 1938, elected to the Standing Committee of the Chinese National Association of the arts against the enemy, Adjunct Professor of Fudan University, author of poems, "Songs for the motherland," Miscellaneous Works "spine original grass", Proceedings of literary criticism "Sword · literary · People," " On the national question of form, "Translations" Man and literature. " In 1941, after the Wannan Incident literary magazine he edited and published the "hope", during which the proceedings have literary criticism "For Tomorrow" "On the road of realism," and so on. In 1949, after the founding of the PRC, a member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 1949, Chinese Writers Association, on behalf of the first session of the National People's Congress. The lyric poem "Time has begun! "And close-_set_" and new characters together, "a short essay in mind" from the source to the flood, "poem" To Korean · To humans. " Although criticism of Hu Feng was politically support the CCP, but in literary theory advocated multiple perspectives in conflict with the CCP arts leaders (such as Zhou Yang), and from 1945 onwards, his literary theory has been repeatedly criticized , Hu Feng forthright temperament is also not polite to do counter-criticism. 1951 onwards, some people write to "literary newspaper" editorial department, asked critics HuFeng 's again. Early 1952, "<Literary Gazette> correspondent internal bulletin" published these letters in succession, pulled from the movement off. January 1955 the Central Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Forward "Report on the conduct critique Hu Feng thought." February, an enlarged meeting of the Bureau of the Chinese Writers Association decided to conduct a comprehensive HuFeng 's criticism. April 13, Hu Feng Shu Wu old friends in the "People's Daily" published an article criticizing "anti-Party and anti-people HuFeng 's the essence", but also to hand over private communications in the 1940s and Hu Feng. May 13-June 10 Hu Mao Zedong launched critique of bourgeois idealist movement that Hu Feng opposition "in the Yan'an Forum on Literature speech," so so "People's Daily" on May 13-June 10 published "material on Hu Feng counterrevolutionary clique" of three batches, and personally wrote Editor's note. In the meantime, the third edition of People's Daily also a day with more than two fifths and even full-size full-page, published denounce articles, letters from readers and comic agitation momentum. Hu Feng subsequently convicted of counter-revolutionary, and was arrested on May 18 the same year. Also involved 2100 people, arrested 92 people, officially designated as "Hu Feng counterrevolutionary group elements" of 78 people, the backbone of 23 people. Hu Feng formally sentenced to 10 years imprisonment after 14 years, sentenced to life imprisonment after the Cultural Revolution. Vindication and died in 1979 released in 1980, 1986, 1988, undergone three vindication process was completely vindicated. Meanwhile served as the sixth Chinese People's Political Committee, the China Federation member of the Chinese Writers Association and the Academy of the Ministry of Culture of literature and art consultant. Died in 1985 before completely vindicated. . Literary works and writings in China is a creation quite good, active critic theory, his theory involves poetry, reportage, novels, plays, films, children's literature, essays, etc., its literary theoretical writings into three volumes of the series " Hu Feng commentaries ", published by the People's Literature Publishing House. Hu Feng's life focused on theoretical research literature, author of "The Song of the motherland," Miscellaneous Works "spine of the original grass", Proceedings of literary criticism "Sword · literary · People," "On the issue of national forms", "In the chaos inside "" countercurrent day "," For Tomorrow, "" On the road of realism, "essays" ring two people in mind, "Translations" Man and Literature ", close-_set_" and new characters together, "a short essay mind "from the source to the torrent", "Report on the literary practice of recent years" (ie "three hundred thousand word book") and so on.
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Modern literary theorist, poet, literary translator
Hu Feng (1902 ~ 1985), male, people formerly known as Chang, pen name of non-grain, high shortage, Chang, and so on. Hubei Qichun people. Modern literary theorist, poet, literary translator. Since 1920, studying at Nanjing, Wuchang and secondary schools, during which came into contact with the "May Fourth" new literature. Pre-1925 into the Peking University, Tsinghua University, one year after the change into the English Department. Soon drop out of school, came back to participate in revolutionary activities, was working in the Kuomintang after the publicity, the cultural sector. 1929 Japan Tokyo, Keio University, into English, had participated in the general Japanese Art Research Institute of Science, in the general literary activities. In 1933, students in Japan because of Japanese cultural groups in the organization has been deported. Back to Shanghai, he served as Minister of left-wing propaganda Writers Union, the executive secretary, often traveling with Lu Xun. Married in 1934 and Mei Zhi. Edited 1935 Secret Series "wood Cong." The following year and co-edited "Swallow" literary magazine, wrote "What the masses required to literature? "And proposed a" national revolutionary war popular literature "slogan, which began within the ranks of revolutionary literature and art on a" two slogans, "the controversy. During this period a large number of literary theory published critical articles, compiled and published a "literary writing" and "overcast period wind study small mind", also published poems, "wild flowers and the Arrow" with some translation. War broke out, edited by Hu Feng, "July" magazine, edited and published a "poetic July Cong" and "July Cong", and carefully nurture new literature, creation of important schools of modern literary history, "July" faction formation and development played an important role. National Association of Chinese literature and art against the enemy was the Standing Committee, Research Unit Director, was removed in Hankou, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Guilin and other cultural activities to engage in war. Literary magazine editor in early 1945, "hope" to meet the Yan'an Rectification Movement. Hu Feng hope that through the magazine, to start a real debate, party officials criticized the dogmatism, however, and thus he was criticized, the magazine was canceled. During this period of a collection of poems, "Song for the motherland," Miscellaneous Works "spine of the original grass", Proceedings of literary criticism, "the sword arts people", "On the national question of form," "in the chaos inside," "counter-current day "" For Tomorrow "," On the road of realism, "essays" were cyclic in mind, "Translations" people and literature "and so on. Federation of Literature in 1949, he was appointed a member of China for the Association, the first session of the National People's Congress. Lyric poem written during the "time began", close-_set_ "and the new characters together," a short essay in mind, "from the source to the flood," and so on. 1953-1954, he served as "People's Literature" Editorial Board, officers of the Chinese Writers Association.
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"Hu Feng counterrevolutionary group" miscarriage of justice
Criticism of Hu Feng's theory involves a variety of sports and foreign language writers and their works, "54" new literary movement in the theoretical problems appear, but the center is built around the principles of realism, which began its development in practice. Hu Feng's some theoretical ideas, there has been a long time different views, to start off criticism, there have been debates, Hu insisted his views were counter-criticism. July 1954, Hu Feng to the Politburo sent a 30-million words of the lengthy report, the "art of the past few years the practice of the report," stated the problem on their own cultural views. In his report, pointed out that since 1949, Mao Zedong, Chinese culture is not built on the principles of the party and based on the instructions of Mao Zedong and the party were a few cultural officials distorted. He criticized the officials forcing peasants and soldiers in depth only the lives of writers, writing before the first study of Marxism-Leninism, can only use the national form, only emphasized the "bright side", behind the surface and ignore the dark side. He asserted that this kind of work is unreal. He also suggested that writers should transform themselves according to their needs, rather than the transformation of their own officials. He also advocated by the writer's own organization edit seventy-eight kinds of magazines, replaced by the small number of the official magazine, to promote diversity. January 20, 1955, submitted to the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department of CPC Central Committee, "Hu Feng's thinking regarding the development of critical report" required by Yu and Hu, while criticism of Hu Feng's literary ideas for public criticism. Central Propaganda Department's report that: Hu Feng to the central report was "very systematic and determined to publicize his bourgeois idealism" and "anti-Party and anti-people's literary and artistic thought and his small group activities is sectarian activities. " The report also requested on the Hu Feng clique of "bad elements may be hidden," "attention and study." January 26, 1955, the CPC Central Committee approved the report. Hu Feng's correspondence with his followers was confiscated, as the main evidence against him. Of these materials by the May 13, 1955 "People's Daily" published in the beginning of "material on the Hu Feng counterrevolutionary group," Mao wrote Editor's Note language, Hu Feng, who assert that "a hidden counter-revolutionary factions in the revolutionary camp," " is to overthrow the People's Republic and restore the rule of imperialism and the KMT for the task. " Said: "In the past is simply a group of intellectuals, and do not, they who got into the political, military, economic, cultural, education in various departments." May 18, approved by the NPC Standing Committee, Hu Feng was imprisoned. And Lu Ling arrested throughout the country, Niu Han and other 92 persons. June, the country started to expose, criticize, inventory, "Hu Feng counterrevolutionary group" movement. To more than 2100 people have been implicated, 92 people were arrested, 62 were isolated review, 73 were suspended reflection. This shows that there has been criticism of Hu Feng's difficult to control the movement of the momentum, beyond the expected range. It is from the party orderly manner into a reign of terror, the intelligentsia in particular. One observer in the case comes to the pressure is said, the cultural sector often suicide. Hu Feng himself was sentenced in 1965, was added in 1969 sentenced to life imprisonment, with resulting major miscarriages of justice. Hu Feng hunger strike in prison, asked reporters at a reception, requiring the trial proceedings, but in the end a nervous breakdown. In December 1978, the Third Plenum of 11th CPC, Central Committee of the awful injustice has been completely corrected, the Hu Feng and others rehabilitated. Hu Feng was released in 1979, after former CPPCC Standing Committee, China Federation of the fourth member of China Writers Association consultant. June 8, 1985 died in Beijing. June 18, 1988, the Office of the CPC Central Committee issued a "Comrade Hu Feng further vindication of the supplementary notice" The works include poetry, "wild flowers and arrows," "Song for the motherland", "time began", _set_ of literary criticism, "literary writing", "wind study period Miyun small mind," "the sword arts people", "On national form problem "," in which chaos, "" counter-current day, "" For Tomorrow "and so on.
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百科 Daquan
Hufeng Hu Feng Generation of literary theory critic, poet and translator. People formerly known as Zhang. In addition to Hu Feng, there are non-grain, high shortage, Chang and other pen name. Born in a small traders, Hubei Qichun family. 11-year-old started on the village school, in 1920 admitted to Wuchang Qi Huang secondary school, transferring in 1923, Southeast University, Nanjing High School High School, came into contact with the "May Fourth" new literary works by the impact of revolutionary ideas. He joined the Chinese Communist Youth League. Pre-summer 1925 into the Peking University, Tsinghua University, Department of English improved after one year, due south Revolution boom attracted back home to participate in the revolutionary movement. The first time in 1927 after the failure of revolutionary war, had a brief depression, poetry "wild and arrows" in the part of the chapter, the pain of this period reflects his thinking mood. Autumn of 1929, went to study in Japan, admitted to Keio University, Tokyo English. During the school in Tokyo, Japan was booming by the general literature, literary movement and the impact of the Soviet Union, took part in the local extra-curricular organizations and the general study of Marxist literary activities, and general writers Eguchi Kan Japan, Kobayashi has a direct contact and more like second-class, and add general science and art of the Japanese Institute of Research. His publications in Japan, "Art Studies" and "the general literary talks," introduced on the Chinese revolutionary literature, translated the works of the Romantic revolution in the early Soviet Union, "the Americans in Petrograd" (translation of "foreign devil"); published " At this stage of literary criticism on several critical issues "and other articles, trying to answer with a Chinese revolutionary Marxist point of view the issues raised in literature and art movement. League of Chinese Left-Wing Writers League points after the establishment of Tokyo, he is responsible for one sub-alliance. Spring of 1933, students in Japan due to the progressive cultural groups to organize anti-Japanese, the Japanese authorities arrested and imprisoned for several months, was deported in July the same year, back to Shanghai. Hu Feng, after back to Shanghai to participate in left-wing literary movement, was the "Leftist" propaganda minister, the executive secretary. Federate counseling young people learning, social activities and artistic practice. In 1935 he edited the secret Series "wood Cong", published the novel reflects the Soviet struggle against the Soviet Union and introduced the theory of socialist realism. Early 1936, and others co-edited "Swallow." In May, wrote a "what the masses required to literature? "The paper proposed a" national revolutionary war, popular literature "slogan, and" Defense Literature "slogan, side by side, within the ranks of revolutionary literature and art which began the debate about" two slogans, "the controversy. He this time, one side in a timely manner recommended Xiao Hong, Ouyang Shan, Ai Wu, Duanmu Hongliang, Luo Shu, Garling, field, Ai Qing and other new new work, in warm praise, but also to identify shortcomings and propose strictly higher hope; one hand and the literary movement of great practical significance and theoretical significance of the many issues (such as "public language", children's literature, literary heritage, the principles of realistic writing, and how to create typical, etc.), made a careful exposition of this period of critical articles began to literary theory attracted the attention, he also became active in left-wing critics of literary theory. These articles were later income "literary writing" (1936) and "small mind Miyun wind study period" (1938) two books. Then he translated to reflect the Korean, Taiwanese people against imperialism, feudalism and the struggle against life's short story collection, "Mountain Spirit", and the Japanese writer to be well a general description of the Japanese workers and the Communist struggle of life's novella "Cotton . " 1937 Sino-Japanese War broke out, edited and published in Shanghai, "July" literary magazine, then moved to Wuhan in October to fortnightly, retreated from Wuhan to Chongqing, changed monthly. Also edited and published a "poetic July Cong" and "July Cong" series. His attention to discovering and fostering new literature for a group came to be known as the "July" faction of young writers and poets of growth and development has played an active role. 1938 All-China Association literature and art against the enemy, he was elected Standing Committee, Association of Research Unit hosted the long-term work. And has part-time professor of Fudan University. During this period his publications include: collection of poems, "Song for the motherland," Miscellaneous Works "spine of the original grass", Proceedings of literary criticism, "the sword arts people", "On the national question of form," "in the chaos inside," " upstream of the day, "Translations" people and literature. " In January 1941, "South Anhui Incident", "July" was forced to cease publication, he continued editing and publishing the literary magazine "Hope." Shu Wu published the first issue of "subjective theory" and his own "in the middle of the struggle for democracy inside the" bi-literate in literature and art lead on the "subjective" issue of controversy. "Hope" to the 1945 total of four anti-