As the old brain atrophy caused by progressive cognitive impairment, initially difficult to detect, slow progression, the main symptoms of personality changes, decreased memory and sense of loss of such a result.
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Names of diseases
老年性痴呆 疾病名称
老年性痴呆 疾病名称
Alzheimer's disease
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Alias disease
Wood Alzheimer's disease
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Disease Overview
老年性痴呆 疾病概述
Senile dementia (Alzheimer's disease wood) is older than physiological aging aging, or premature aging, resulting in brain dysfunction, cause of acquired, persistent mental retardation. In the case of unconscious barriers, memory and cognitive function disorder, accompanied by verbal, visual spatial skills, emotional or personality changes, and affect their social activities. In the absence of effective treatment and means of daily increase of senile dementia, and ultimately life-threatening complications due to the body. Occult on_set_, early symptoms are close to memory loss, personality changes, intellectual decline, poor spatial orientation, often wandered off and did not know way back, or initiative reduction, emotional instability, but still capable of maintaining daily life. The further development of the cognitive decline, there aphasia, agnosia, disturbance of consciousness sometimes. There may be signs of nervous system orientation, daily life can no longer take care of themselves, often disgraced behavior, ethical behavior may have changed. There is a substantial auditory hallucination, visual hallucination, delusion, manic or depressive symptoms. Late the full intellectual disability, bedridden, no independent movement. Silent silence, or speech fragmented, life can not take care of themselves, eventually leading to death due to complications. The most common complications are pulmonary infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, or chronic failure, cachexia, multiple organ failure and life-threatening. No effects of drugs. Main support symptomatic, life care, prevention of complications.
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Classification of Diseases
Geriatrics
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Symptoms and signs
(A) of the occult on_set_, course of disease progress was irreversible Often without the exact on_set_ time and on_set_ of symptoms is often difficult to detect early, in the event that the slow progress was irreversible. (B) of the core symptoms of senile dementia 1, memory impairment for the on_set_ of Alzheimer symptoms. Both have forgotten forgetful. Forgetting to remember new knowledge is defects, and cortical dysfunction; forgetfulness is far from memory deficit, the memories of the past have low capacity to remember information, and subcortical dysfunction. Initially there is recent memory impairment, memory can be damaged along with much memory the final distance are obstacles. 2, cognitive impairment refers to the ability to master and apply knowledge. Including verbal and nonverbal skills, the ability to remember new knowledge and a rich knowledge base from the Remembrance of knowledge. The diagnosis of cognitive impairment in dementia decisive. Occurrence of cognitive dysfunction, non-verbal language barriers than there faster, sooner. Early in the ad can appear miscalculated, judging stand is poor, general disability, attention deficit disorder, agnosia, and left with the progression of the disease become increasingly obvious. 4, depending on the spatial skills disorders, agnosia and apraxia in the ad that the early visual spatial skills, impaired, than other types of dementia, severe visual spatial barriers. If you can not copy graphics, can not do structural work, the connection test and put building blocks, puzzles and so on. Nearly 1 / 3 of the ad in patients with visual agnosia, agnosia face, body image disturbance, visual space agnosia, loss of orientation and other geographic and aggravated with the progress of the disease. loss can occur in patients with a variety of ad to use: the structure apraxia, dressing apraxia, apraxia movement ideas, ideas, apraxia, walking apraxia, loss of disuse and writing. (C) accompanied by symptoms of Alzheimer's Psychotic symptoms is the ad's associated symptoms. Initiative showed reduction in apathy or out of control, depression, anxiety, excitement or euphoria, insomnia, hallucinations (audio, visual), delusions (murder, theft, jealousy, delusions, etc.), wandering, pointless hyperactivity, self-made himself or loud, restless, dirty behavior, aggressive behavior, and so on. These symptoms are often the purpose of ad patients seeking treatment in the diagnosis of dementia should not be overlooked. (D) characteristics of the core symptoms with the disease symptoms over time gradually increased, and psychiatric symptoms associated with no significant increase over time. (E) not obvious signs of the nervous system in general no ad, early about 7% of patients had myoclonic seizures, pyramidal tract disease may occur late positive or epilepsy (generalized tonic clonic) seizure. (Vi) the clinical evolution of higher cognitive function in patients with ad after another loss, and behavioral and neurological dysfunction occurred in chronological order, is an important clinical ad line speed. cummings and other clinical course of the ad is divided into three stages. Stage: stage of disease 1-3 years. Memory - learn new knowledge barriers, long-term memory damage; visual spatial skills - graphic disorientation, structural barriers; language - _set_s out the terms of a class of poor, can not be named; Personality - apathy, occasional irritability or sadness; movement system - normal; eeg - normal; ct - normal. Phase II: 2-10 years of disease. Memory - memory was damaged near and far; visual spatial skills - poor composition, spatial disorientation; language - fluent aphasia; computing power - miscalculated; personality - indifference, apathy; movement system - anxiety; eeg - slower EEG background rhythms; ct - normal or enlarged ventricles and sulci widened. The third stage: stage of disease 8-10 years. Smart - a severe recession; Sports - stiffness, flexion posture; sphincter control - urine, incontinence; eeg - diffuse slow waves; ct - enlarged ventricles and sulci widened.
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Cause disease
cause of complex ad, which occurred as the result of interaction of multiple factors. In recent years a large number of serious domestic and international focus on genetics, neurotransmitter theory, viral infections and immunological aspects. (A) genetic factors (B) of the neurotransmitter theory And ad-related changes in neurotransmitter acetylcholine system have single amine systems, amino acid and neuropeptide neurotransmitters, including choline acetyltransferase and neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the reduction is an important reason for ad. Neuropharmacology study confirmed that, ad patients with the cerebral cortex and hippocampus decreased acetylcholine transferase activity, which directly affect the synthesis of acetylcholine and cholinergic system function. In addition, ad-free patients with somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing factor and norepinephrine were significantly reduced, dopamine hydroxylase activity were significantly reduced. (C) virus infection Experiments show that the sheep brain tissue deformation of the virus can be inoculated mice showed typical brain senile plaques. In vitro, herpes virus infection can pheochromocytoma pc12 cells reduce the level of acetylcholine transferase. Suggest viral infection may be one of the reasons this disease. (D) the role of metal Al concentration in brain of patients with some ad up to 10-30 times the normal brain, senile plaques (sp) deposition of aluminum core, attack on the brain caused by dementia can also be found when the aluminum increased, therefore, speculated that aluminum and dementia. However, aluminum is the cause or the result of dementia is not very clear. (V) immune disorders, free radical damage Immune disorder and free radical damage and other ad in the pathogenesis of both. ad brain reactive antibody is 20% higher than the control group, indicating that the patients with increased levels of autoantibodies, may be the loss of neurons and aging effect.
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Pathophysiology
(A) of the brain specimens of brain samples naked eye visual observation ad great variation can be diffuse or localized, symmetry or symmetry, apparent or obvious brain atrophy. Moderate brain atrophy can be expressed as sulci and blue, narrow gyrus. Electron microscope, nft paired residues from the spiral wire and 15nm around the straight wire composition, particle degeneration of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of an abnormal structure of the cytoplasm by one or more of the diameter of 3.5μm in the cavity formed , the center of each bubble has a particles. Hirano bodies in he was prominent staining in the pink, homogeneous state located in the cytoplasm of hippocampal pyramidal cells, appear before circular cross section, longitudinal sections showed a spindle shape index, and increases with age. Neurons in the hippocampus neuron involvement to reduce the worst average of 47%, hi the main pyramidal cells by 40%, while the end plate and h2 areas rarely affected.
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Diagnostic tests
(A) of the EEG can be expressed in normal or showed nonspecific diffuse slow-wave, α rhythm of slow wave amplitude becomes low, even in severe disease can disappear, in general, the degree of EEG changes in patients intelligence relationship between the degree of damage. (B) ct ct head the main show brain atrophy. Gray matter atrophy in general, the performance of the two hemisphere sulci increased, deepened, widened split brain, temporal lobe (mainly the middle temporal gyrus) decline, expressed as temporal lobe sulci increased, deepened, middle temporal gyrus narrow saddle pool and pool widened ring, lateral ventricle temporal horn expansion of white matter atrophy in the body of the third ventricle and lateral expansion of the main performance. (C) magnetic resonance imaging in all means of medical imaging contrast resolution of soft tissue in the highest, one can clearly distinguish between brain gray matter. Shown brain atrophy or ventricular dilatation more clearly than ct, more sensitive and can measure the temporal lobe or the hippocampus, amygdala and other structures in the early diagnosis of volume on the ad is important. (D) single photon emission tomography is a dangerous signal radionuclide combined with computer technology, medical imaging technology, can show regional cerebral blood flow, thereby reflecting changes in brain function. ad temporal cortex in patients with reduced blood flow to the rear of the temporal lobe is more significant, the performance of low perfusion or perfusion defects, left and right sides of the degree of decline in blood flow can be similar or significantly different. (E) Positron emission tomography scanning is a means of tracking radioactive agents in the body as movement, access to cellular activity or metabolism of the information and tools for nuclear medicine imaging, is intended solely for the brain energy metabolism in three-dimensional display approach. Can show reduced glucose metabolism in temporal and parietal cortex, areas showed low metabolism or metabolic defect. Resting metabolic test reflects the extent of the damage morphology, activity state of the brain metabolic rate reflects the potential of functional test, ad metabolism in the activities involved more serious than at rest. V. Diagnosis The diagnosis of dementia performance of two aspects: First, determine whether the dementia may be associated with icd-do the use of diagnostic criteria and proposed smart table, Hasegawa Inventory test. Second, determine which types of dementia, the etiological diagnosis. ad of the diagnosis requires both clinical and pathological evidence, therefore, can only be diagnosed before death "may be ad". The commonly used ad diagnostic criteria there are three: ① 1994 U.S. Psychiatric Association to develop the dsm-Ⅳ-r standard ② 1992 年 who the International Classification of Diseases (icd-10) diagnostic criteria ③ American Academy of Neurology, language barriers and stroke - senile dementia Disease Society and to the roll (nincds-adrda) standard. * Alzheimer's disease diagnostic criteria icd-1 1, the evidence and severity of dementia (1) that barriers to learning new things, serious things that memories of past barriers, damaging the content can be words or word parts. Not only did the patient's chief complaint, and by objective examination to evaluate the disorder, and based on the following criteria as mild, moderate and severe damage. ① light: memory impairment related to daily life, but still live independently, the main impact of recent memory, remote memory can be affected or not affected. ② Moderate: more severe memory impairment, have an impact on the patient's independent living, may be associated with sphincter dysfunction. ③ severe: severe memory impairment, are entirely the care of others, there are significant sphincter dysfunction. (2) medical history and neuropsychological examination confirmed the intelligence recession, thinking and judging affected. ① light: its impact on the patient's mental retardation living in Japan, but the patient can still live independently, there are significant barriers to complete complex tasks. ② Moderate: intellectual disabilities to live independently affect the patient's ability to take care of others, the completion of any lack of interest in things. ③ severe: completely dependent care. 2, the above dysfunction, with disturbance of consciousness. 3, may be associated with emotional, social behavior and motivation barriers. 4, there memory or clinical diagnosis (and) mental retardation for at least 6 months. The following signs of damage when the cortex is more support for diagnosis, such as: aphasia, agnosia, apraxia. A corresponding change in imaging, including: ct, magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography and other signs related to abnormal. * Alzheimer dsm-Ⅳ-r standard 2, these two types of cognitive prognosis ad is a progressive irreversible disease, current treatments are not reversed its development, its pace is also unpredictable, and large individual differences. Survival time of 2-20 years, an average of 7 years or so, more advanced disease died of serious complications (such as lung infection, etc.). Dysfunction (1) and (2), significantly interfere with the professional and social activities, or decreased significantly compared with individuals in the past. 3, the damage can not use other mental and emotional disorders to explain (such as: depression, schizophrenia, etc.) * Alzheimer nincds-adrad clinical diagnostic criteria (1) suspected of standards: the course of the disease or dementia lacking sufficient to explain the neurological, mental and systemic diseases; dementia complicated by systemic or brain damage but the damage can not be interpreted as a cause of dementia; no obvious cause of the single-phase cognitive function of the damage. (2) may be standard: clinical examination of dementia, determined by neuropsychological tests; progressive deterioration; no change in the state of consciousness; 40-90 years of age on_set_, usually after age 60; ruled out systemic disease or other organic encephalopathy due to memory or cognitive impairment. (3) is likely to Standard: According to the dementia syndrome can be made; the existence of secondary system or brain diseases that can be made (4) to determine criteria: Clinical very likely, and there is pathological evidence. (5) to support the diagnostic criteria may be: special progressive decline of cognitive function (such as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia); activities of daily living impairment and behavior change; family of similar patients; laboratory findings, lumbar puncture intracranial pressure normal, normal or nonspecific EEG changes, such as the slow increase. (6) exclude the possibility that ad standards: a sudden and stroke-like on_set_; early course of a partial nervous system signs, such as: paralysis, sensory disturbances and visual field defects, etc.; on_set_ or early course of epileptic seizures or gait abnormalities. For convenience, can be divided into the following types: ① ② familial early on_set_, age "60 years old, ③ 21 ④ chromosome size combined with other triple degeneration such as Parkinson's disease.
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Treatment
(A) general treatment ad were often accompanied by physical illness, and the course of disease but also the emergence of new cognitive dysfunction damage and psychotic symptoms, related to psychiatry, neurology, internal medicine treatment of various disciplines and other subjects. Should be carefully and regularly observe the patient, obviously hallucinations, delusions, and other risk behaviors, should be admitted to the hospital treatment of life can not take care of the terminally ill should be advised to note the relevant hospital, while their families should be universal security and care. Should be limited to accompany meals or go out. Dietary supplement rich in lecithin, vitamin a, vitamin e, zinc, selenium and other trace elements of things, limit the intake of aluminum and so on. (B) the principles of drug treatment therapy: treatment of abnormal behavior, treatment, symptoms of slow ad ad's basic rate of progress and delay the occurrence of ad. 1, neurotransmitter-related drugs (1) cholinergic drugs: Modern studies suggest that central cholinergic system is closely related to learning and memory, acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter for learning and memory. m-cholinergic synaptic basis for memory. Degeneration of cholinergic neurons caused by dementia is considered to be important pathological factors. Cholinesterase inhibitors: is the ad the most used course of treatment, one of the oldest class of drugs. Usually only mild to moderate patients with ad-free, so its efficacy depends on the integrity of cholinergic neurons. Such drugs tacrine (10-40mg, 3 / d, treatment for 3 months or more), donepezil (aricept, e2030), Huperzine A (Huperzine A), galantamine, ena-713, United States Qu Feng and so on. Acting on cholinergic receptors of drugs: As the disease progresses, the release of acetylcholine can be fewer and fewer neurons, while in the course of the postsynaptic membrane receptor-like mold muscarinic (m receptor) changes in the number of small. m receptor agonists: may regulate amyloid precursor protein in the normal formation process, and patients with slow ad deformation of brain neurons. Commonly used drugs naphthalene will Shitan, sr-46559a, af102b and so on. Receptor agonists: can promote memory stimulation, but when the information processing, reduce memory impairment, but also promote memory retention. Commonly used drugs are nicotine abt-418 and so on. (2) Non-cholinergic drugs: old reasons for the decline of brain function with other neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, 5 - hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, neuropeptides such as imbalance. These drugs Yousi selegiline, Illinois pyridine and so on. 2, brain cell metabolism activator, the mechanism of these drugs are: ① ② enhancing neurotransmitters regulate ion flow, increasing calcium, sodium influx into neurons, reduce the outflow of potassium ③ of carrier-mediated ion transport. Commonly used drugs piracetam (piracetam), aniracetam (c lucky) and so on. 3, cerebral blood circulation enhancers on brain tissue oxygen and energy in great demand, and no reserve. Studies have shown that some scholars, ad and arterial thrombosis is closely related to the more serious of atherosclerosis in patients suffering from ad the greater the likelihood. At the same time, ad patients had atherosclerosis also significantly higher than normal proportion. (1) ergot: hydrogen ergot alkaloids: a direct role in da and 5-ht receptor, decreases cerebral vascular resistance, enhanced release of presynaptic nerve terminals and on postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor stimulation, improved synaptic neurotransmitter function. Brain Pass: enhancing brain cell energy metabolism, increase oxygen and glucose utilization, improve mental retardation, to promote the conversion da stimulate nerve conduction, increased protein synthesis, and improve learning and memory capabilities. (2) Others: all welcome: to improve arterial oxygen content in the brain, increasing cerebral oxygen saturation of arterial oxygen pressure and improve cerebral microcirculation. Su Gao Jie treatment: the state can promote ischemic brain mitochondrial respiration and improve the atp production, activation of brain function and the function of reticuloendothelial system. Ginkgo biloba extract: Improving tolerance to cerebral hypoxia, increase the brain energy metabolism, scavenging free radicals and so on. 4, calcium antagonists of calcium metabolism in brain cells, the relationship between balance and aging has attracted much attention and attention. Containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain nuclei from fibroblasts of patients ad, can one say that calcium accumulation. Commonly used drugs are: ① nimodipine: camphor vascular resistance _select_ively increase cerebral blood flow. In neuronal calcium antagonist has a strong role in promoting regeneration of injured neurons, improving learning and memory. Dose of 120-180mg / d. ② flunarizine hydrochloride (FNZ): camphor vascular resistance _select_ively increase cerebral blood flow, thus preventing ischemia, hypoxia induced increase in calcium ions in nerve cells caused by cell damage. 5, neurotrophic factors are secreted by specific protein rake molecular organization, with the promotion and maintenance of nerve cell growth, survival, differentiation, and the role of executive function, but does not stimulate cell division. At present more in-depth serious drug nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 6, anti-oxidants aging process, brain matter and energy metabolism lead to a large number of free radicals. ad autopsy patients showed an increase in brain tissue free radicals, lipid peroxidation serious, significant damage to mitochondrial dna. In addition, the deposition in the brain of patients ad β-amyloid protein by oxidative damage of blood vessels can lead to nerve degeneration effect. Commonly used antioxidants are vitamin e, Secretary to Jilin, long-term use can delay the development of ad. 7, estrogen, a U.S. study found that estrogen replacement therapy can significantly delay the launch ad, but the mechanism is unclear. Can Tuijian estrogen therapy to delay or prevent the ad, yet to Jinxing prospective clinical trial to understand the estrogen dose and duration, as well as in elderly postmenopausal women security. 8, Chinese literature since ancient times, usually more from the brain, kidneys and other organs and in different gas, blood, phlegm, blood stasis, fire, and so the pathogenesis of depression treatment. Japan in recent years, patients treated with Angelica and Peony Powder ad, Uncaria and other bulk and from HJD Yu, wind, heat, drugs and other research point of view, that the ad has some effect to improve learning and memory. (C) Other treatments 1,3 r intellectual Boosting 1r: past memories - associated with past events and objects inspired by memories of the memory; 2r: physical location - excited about the Alzheimer's for its time, place, person, environment, memory; 3r: re- excited - thinking and reasoning by discussing intelligence and identify patients stimulate intellectual ability. 2, 20cm diameter ball coloring method Qu Bo wire sphere is divided into six areas, painted red, yellow, and blue colors, not two or more adjacent areas are painted a color, no time limit . 3, low level laser irradiation vascular he-ne laser (λ = 832.8nm) ≤ output 5mv, usually 1.0-2.5mv, can improve the aging caused by the multi-system disorder, so that neurotransmitter receptor function to bio-amines recovery. 4, ad light therapy for the treatment of patients with sleep and behavioral disorders. ad sleep wake rhythm in patients with broken and messy during the day and sleep more, sleep less at night. Methods: 9-11 am each day, the use of 3000-5000lx the full spectrum fluorescent light, light from the 1m, 4 weeks, can increase the level of alertness and reduce sleep time during the day, sleep at night can be integrated to reduce the causes of abnormal operations. (D) treatment of complications Maintaining water and electrolyte balance, prevent infection, heart failure and various metabolic disorders, nutrition, try to rule out any brain function can cause damage. Mental complications could antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedatives other antipsychotics treatment. The treatment of behavioral disorders is to avoid major depression, anxiety and anger. Can the use of psychological therapy, physical therapy, social activities, targeted therapy (familiar figures, timetables, calendars, etc.) and music therapy.
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Safety Tips
Diet eat plenty of vegetables, vegetable oil and other foods containing unsaturated fatty acids can reduce the people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease) risk. To maintain interpersonal relationships, avoid long-term into melancholy and suffering depression, because depression is also a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Experts believe that the elderly should remain dynamic, the use of the brain, such as multi-reading, learning new things, and even chat with friends, playing mahjong, chess, etc., can agitate brain to stimulate nerve cell activity. General care: to create a quiet, comfortable, safe environment; attention to diet, to give high-protein, high calorie, high vitamin, low sugar, low-fat diet, to light, digestible, nutrient-rich foods based; safety care, to prevent or injury, wounding, playing with fire, choking food and other outside; the basis of life care, personal hygiene, food assistance; in public entertainment activities and behavior therapy. Taste of diet for the patient to ensure the rich nutrients, species diversity, to increase appetite, but patients should avoid eating because of forgetfulness, eat, eating excessive or not actively eating situation. Mushrooms, eggs, soy, mushrooms, yams, sea cucumber and other food, the prevention of Alzheimer's had some effect. Vascular dementia is often accompanied by difficulty swallowing, eating choking cough when the attention should not be too fast, to prevent food strayed into the trachea, causing suffocation. (7) pay attention to personal hygiene, to urge patients to render service, frequent bathing, if not take care of themselves, at any time for help to avoid the towel, feet, cloth disorder use. Weather changes, timely care change clothes, and clean clothing to prevent chaos dress or wear down, anti-wear underwear. (9) maintain a comfortable interior, fresh air, sunny. Ground observation, ask for more. The elderly can often appear functional decline or some other organ disease, dementia due to insensitive, the reaction is poor, if not carefully, ask for more, not in time, will result in serious consequences.
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Disease Overview
Alzheimer's disease often is hidden and not for people's attention, therefore, a correct understanding of the early symptoms of dementia, in which patients receive timely treatment, delayed progress, it is very important. Senile dementia (Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's diseaseAD)) is more than physiological aging old age, or premature aging, resulting in brain dysfunction, cause of acquired, persistent mental retardation. In the case of unconscious barriers, memory and cognitive function disorder, accompanied by verbal, visual spatial skills, emotional or personality changes, and affect their social activities. In the absence of effective treatment and means of daily increase of senile dementia, and ultimately life-threatening complications due to the body. Occult on_set_, early symptoms are close to memory loss, personality changes, intellectual decline, poor spatial orientation, often wandered off and did not know way back, or initiative reduction, emotional instability, but still capable of maintaining daily life. The further development of the cognitive decline, there aphasia, agnosia, disturbance of consciousness sometimes. There may be signs of nervous system orientation, daily life can no longer take care of themselves, often disgraced behavior, ethical behavior may have changed. There is a substantial auditory hallucination, visual hallucination, delusion, manic or depressive symptoms. Late the full intellectual disability, bedridden, no independent movement. Silent silence, or speech fragmented, life can not take care of themselves, eventually leading to death due to complications. The most common complications are pulmonary infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, or chronic failure, cachexia, multiple organ failure and life-threatening. No effects of drugs. Main support symptomatic, life care, prevention of complications. Currently, there is no effective drug treatment Alzheimer's, but can use the following types of drugs to improve symptoms: Aricept: for the treatment of mild and moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. It can improve the patient's cognitive function and mental status. Exelon: dual inhibition of cholinesterase, improve memory and cognitive function, all of the patients have a curative effect. Huperzine A: for benign memory impairment, improve patient point to the memory, associative learning, memory images, portraits, memories and other capabilities; of dementia and cerebral organic disease also improved due to the role of memory impairment. 4 Kangnaoling: increase cerebral blood flow, improve cerebral hypoxia, and promote thinking memory. Effective on mild to moderate Alzheimer's. 5, are encouraging: the drug for the brain metabolism enhancers, has been widely used abroad, a better recovery of the role of intelligence, with the sooner, the better. 6, Vinpocetine: cerebral metabolism can improve and restore the ability of brain cells use oxygen, the total effective vascular dementia up to 85%. Can also add services and high-dose vitamin B complex vitamin C, and nicotinic acid, ATP, cytochrome C, and Liu Wei Di Huang medicine balls.
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Prescription diet
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by spiritual and intellectual abnormalities, the patient's perception, intelligence, memory capacity of continuous decline. Chinese medicine, Alzheimer's disease is a congenital endowment old liver and kidney insufficiency or deficiency, caused by brain does not permit. Therefore, to take a more traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver and kidney tonic, Chinese medicine and the brain fill in the food pulp treatment and prevention. Such as the organization handle, plastic deer, turtle plastic, lotus seeds, yam, astragalus, was Ling, Hu Maren, walnuts, seaweed, kelp, jujube, lily, mulberry and even children, red bean and other food and medicine and should be the goods. Therapeutic side: www.konjia.com 1. Walnut porridge: Walnut 30 grams, rice 200 grams, jujube 10. Will be washed on the 3 flavor into the pot, slow fire porridge a day for 2 times. 2. Black sesame soup: black sesame seeds 30 grams, 100 grams of rice. The two washed into the pot, slow fire porridge. Shike Jia mix honey 1 serving spoon. Daily morning and evening to take them. 3. Wolfberry soup: 20 grams medlar, millet 100 grams, 30 grams of pork at the end, wash the pot after the release of a total of porridge. When serving add a little salt to taste. Can always eat. 4. Beef bone marrow soup: beef bone marrow 15 grams, 15 grams black sesame seeds, rice 100 grams. Sesame, glutinous rice, wash, porridge with beef marrow. Shike Jia eating a small amount of white sugar a day for 2 times. 5. Sheep bones porridge: sheep bones 1000 grams, 100 grams of rice, a little thin salt, light blue 2 stems, 3 slices of ginger, lotus rice 10 grams (small study). 6. Shouwu walnut stew pig brain: walnuts, 15 grams of fleece-flower root, Gastrodia 6 grams of porcine brain a, spices amount.
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Daquan disease
Disease Name: Alzheimer's disease Disease code: 290.001 Attribution system: Nervous system Medication program: The principle of nervous system diseases With chronic neurological disease are most welcome. Varying severity of the neurological patients had symptoms and signs, but not life-threatening, inputs are first to identify the cause and then treatment is appropriate for the cause. If you find it difficult to identify the cause, could be symptomatic treatment, continue to pursue the cause. Epilepsy is a special case. The seizures themselves, especially the twin array systemic tonic seizures (grand mal), there is damage to the patient (cerebral hypoxia, falls, etc.). Control their seizures as soon as possible, while repeatedly checking, trace their causes, so be cure diseases (such as certain brain tumors and brain parasitic diseases) receive timely treatment. Some neurological diseases, are yet to find a cure, such as syringomyelia, psychosis, symptomatic treatment should be strengthened to reduce the suffering of patients and prolong the patient's life. Some patients suffer from neurological disorders, prolonged course longer, probably due to paralysis of limbs can not be active, or swallowing difficulties can not eat. These patients may be subject to complications such as pneumonia, bed sores, malnutrition, dehydration and other threats. So good care is very important. Complications should be treated. Of residual symptoms and signs, medication alone is not enough, and should take reasonable rehabilitation, such as a variety of physical therapy, acupuncture therapy, functional exercise. In short, the treatment of nervous system diseases, should be to save lives, prolong life first. To try to cure should try to cure. Temporarily unable to cure, should seek to prevent or delay progression of the disease. With residual dysfunction, should strive to restore its function. May produce complications, efforts should be prevention.
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Wikipedia Daquan
Alzheimer's disease Old age (60 years) of chronic progressive mental decline. Currently of unknown etiology may be related to genetic factors. Histological examination revealed cerebral cortical atrophy, brain weight, gyral flattening, sulcal widening. Clinical manifestations of the slow insidious on_set_, personality changes, such as early as man of few words, not like with people, or irritable mood, speech increased. After the understanding and judgments, and computing capacity; course of late life can not take care of themselves, incontinence, the occurrence of theft, murder and other paranoia, a few there may be confusion and delirium. Finally, often due to secondary pressure sores, infection trauma, fractures and death. No special treatment, supplemented by symptomatic and strengthen care.
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Senile dementia (AD)
The names of diseases: senile dementia (AD) English name: Alzheimer; AD Drug therapy: aluminum crab mixture; aluminum chelating agent; deferoxamine; non-steroidal; NSAIDS; hormone; brain metabolite; calcium channel blockers; nimodipine; gene therapy; nerve growth factor; medicine; acupuncture; 【】 【Clinical diagnosis of secondary inspection】 【】 【Overview】 】 【Diagnosis Diagnosis of AD must first understand the clinical symptoms of AD, detailed history, followed by careful neurological examination and mental state. 1,1993 diagnostic criteria developed in China as follows: ⑴ intelligence tests confirmed dementia; ⑵ recognition that at least two obstacles; ⑶ memory and recognition of the obstacles to increase; ⑷ unconscious barriers; ⑸ 40-90 years of age on_set_; ⑹ no other body or brain disease can be explained by the disease. Support conditions: ⑴ progressive increase of aphasia, apraxia, agnosia; ⑵ daily life and behavior disorders; ⑶ family with similar patients; ⑷ cerebrospinal fluid of normal, non-specific changes in EEG, CT with brain atrophy, and progressive increase . AD pathology indicators of relatively clear: ⑴ <60-year-old dementia, brain Taps organization should have a large number of SP (≧ 15 pcs / 10 low magnification) and NFT; ⑵> 70-year-old dementia, brain tissue, only see the SP, and NFT-free, their SP to many; ⑶ NFT in brain tissue were only just meet the boxing diagnosis of dementia, do not diagnose dementia; ⑷ Alzheimer brain tissue were no SP or NFT should be considered for other reasons. 2, DSM-IV (1994) of the diagnostic criteria 3, WHO's ICD-10 (1992) of diagnostic criteria of the nervous system the United States Institute of Infectious Diseases and Stroke (NICFS) and senile dementia and related disorders Association (ADRDA) standards based on symptoms, scales and neuroimaging findings can only be diagnosed as "senile dementia may be" recognized depends on a brain biopsy. It is difficult in our patients and their families to accept the existence of early diagnosis of AD more difficult. The United States has carried out double the current method for detection of immune NFT; three-dimensional heterogeneous biological techniques to calculate the number of neurons and tau. Some of our units to carry out the determination of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament phosphorylation (phospho-ryltedneurofilament, PNF) / PHF value. In any case, the clinical misdiagnosis rate of dementia is still very high (> 15%), especially early diagnosis is quite difficult. CT / MRI has diagnostic value. Positron emission imaging (PET) study applications are taken seriously. 】 【Treatment Yes or no very effective cure. Drug treatment of AD, mainly divided into two categories; 1, increased cholinergic function of the nervous system, mainly cholinesterase inhibitors, and M-cholinergic receptor agonists. 2, the role of neurotransmitter systems in the cell protective agent, in order to delay the process of neuronal degeneration, in theory, block the β-amyloid protein (ABP) formation, inhibition of ABP neurotoxicity and neuronal protection or restoration, to AD prevention and treatment purposes. The U.S. FDA clearance to market the drug only two treatments AD, ie in September 1993 approved tacrine (tacrine) t1997 in March approved the E-2020 (donepezi) are cholinesterase inhibitors. Other: ① crab mixture of aluminum (aluminum chelating agent), such as deferoxamine, can reduce the absorption of aluminum and aluminum concentration in brain tissue and well tolerated, there are some clinical and experimental evidence. ② Non-steroidal (NSAIDS) and some steroid anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the patient's condition has effect, is a candidate therapeutic strategy. ③ the application of sex hormones, supporters believe that older postmenopausal women with estrogen replacement therapy on older women have a role in dementia. ④ drugs to improve brain metabolism: Ginkgo biloba extract, such as neurons can improve metabolism, has positive effects on neurotransmitter; a large number of piracetam can delay the progression of AD patients, the distance of naming and memory has improved. ⑤ calcium antagonists: nimodipine, such as equality, recent studies have shown that a variety of
