The kingfishers. Jin Guopu "Jade praise": "Delphinium moose birds, the more in the South China Sea. Haneda not available for use, lack of slaughtered meat. Huai Bi incrimination, Jia damage to mining."
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No. 2
Chinese name: Delphinium Latin name: delphinium grandiflorum linn. Alias: dove flower (northeast), one hundred grass (Hebei North), even chicken feet Chinese name: genus Delphinium Latin name: delphinium Branch Chinese name: Ranunculaceae Latin name: ranunculaceae Flora of China: 27:445 English Flora: 6:268 Geographic distribution: production of the Shandong Peninsula. Habitat: Health on the hillside. Characteristics: Perennial herb. High 35-65cm, branch. The lower stem leaves and pieces of a long handle; blade circular pentagon, long 2.2-6cm, width 4-8.5cm, three-lobed, small lobes linear; petiole length of 3-4 times the blade. Flowering racemes 3-15 flowers; sepals blue and purple from the diamond-shaped, long 1.7-2cm; petals blue, hairless; Staminode blue petals broadly obovate or nearly round. Follicles straight, long 1.4-1.9cm. Flowering from May to October. Toxicity: poisonous roots. Intravenous injection in mice ld50 total alkaloids roots as 4.90mg/kg, the main symptoms are weakness, difficulty breathing, convulsions, after the abrupt jump death [89]. The whole plant can be used for soil pesticides to kill the flies and their larvae. Chemical composition: The root contains diterpene alkaloids: Cattle flat base (73-65), methyl cow flat Pavilion (methyllycaconitine) (73-66) [90]. Toxicology: The root contains diterpene alkaloids: Cattle flat base (73-65), methyl cow flat Pavilion (methyllycaconitine) (73-66) [90]. Scientific name: delphinium grandiflorum Aka perennial larkspur. Originating in China and Russia, northern Siberia. Perennial herb. Sepals 5 petals of blue, from longer than sepals. Petals 4, the next two violet, yellow or bluish on two. Flowering in early summer. White, blue, purple varieties and dwarf species. Hybrid Delphinium prevalent modern cultivation of the flower border, color addition to the above, there are pink, rosy red. Cold, hot impatience. Reproduction can sow seeds received after sowing. Excellent varieties can ramets, or cuttings after flowering, new basal tillers.
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Basic Information
Chinese name: Delphinium Scientific name: Delphinium grandiflorum English name: Largeflowered Larkspur Alias: larkspur flower, dove flower, one hundred grass, chicken feet even, larkspur, dried bird grass, dill flowers Genus: Ranunculaceae, Delphinium spp.
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Plant Introduction
Ranunculaceae Delphinium, Delphinium is a perennial herb. Because of its unique flower resembles a swallow, also known as larkspur, dove flower. Flower diameter of about 4 cm. Elegant shape, endearing. 35 to 65 cm high, with sparse branching stems, leaves palmate lobed. Racemes with 3-15 flowers, axes and pedicels retrorsely puberulent; symmetrical flowers around; small strip or subulate bracts; sepals 5, petal-like, blue or violet blue, 1.5 to 1.8 cm above there is a distance, apex often slightly concave; petals 2, smaller, there is distance away from the protruding calyx; staminodes 2, petals broadly obovate, slightly concave, with a yellow beard; stamens numerous; carpels 3, free. Follicles 3 Poly students. Flowering from August to September. Fruit of 9 to 10 months. Suitable for flower arrangement, flower diameter, can also be used for cut flowers. Whole plant and seeds can be used as medicine toothache.
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Morphology
Perennial herb, 35 to 65 cm. Whole plant pubescent. Stems with sparse branches. Leaves alternate, deeply lobed palmate basal leaves and stems of the lower leaves with a long handle; leaves round kidney-shaped, three lobed, long 2.2 ~ 6 cm wide and 4 to 8 cm, lobes thin crack, small lobes strip width 0.6 to 2.5 mm. Racemes with 3-15 flowers, axes and pedicels retrorsely puberulent; symmetrical flowers around; small strip or subulate bracts; sepals 5, petal-like, blue or violet blue, 1.5 to 1.8 cm above there is a distance, apex often slightly concave; petals 2, smaller, there is distance away from the protruding calyx; staminodes 2, petals broadly obovate, slightly concave, with a yellow beard; stamens numerous; carpels 3, free. When a group of blue birds fell from the sky more full bloom, very moving. Follicles 3 Poly students. Flowering from August to September. Fruit of 9 to 10 months.
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Geographical distribution
Native to southern Europe, our distribution in Yunnan, Shanxi, Hebei, Ningxia, Sichuan, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Tibet and other places, the provinces are cultivated. Hillslopes, grass, fixed dunes. Hi cool, airy, sunny dry conditions and drainage unobstructed sandy loam.
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Propagation and cultivation
Ramet, cuttings and seed sowing breed. "Ramets" spring and autumn can be carried out. Spring sprouts grow to 15-18cm cuttings, roots after transplanting can also take cuttings at the base of the new branches after flowering. "Cuttings" breed in the spring, when the new president of the l5cm cuttings cut above, _insert_ the sand. "Seeding" more in the March-April or September conducted germination optimum temperature around 15 ℃. Autumn in late August to early September, the first sown in open beds, cooling bed before winter or cold room into winter, the arrival of spring planting. Southern exposed to live in early spring, thinning to maintain 25 a 5Ocm spacing. Northern General prior nursery, planting in late April Shen, transplantation, colonization when a seven true leaves 2 4 4 true leaves one. Note rain drainage. Shizujifei before planting, nitrogen-based fertilizer. Aging plant growth potential weakness 2-3 years need a transplant. Tall plants, lodging or bend easily, need to support fixed. Common diseases are black spot, root collar rot and so on.
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Value Uses
Landscape uses: Delphinium flower-shaped chic, elegant colors. Or clump planting, planting flower beds, flower border, is also used as cut flowers. Medicinal Value: whole plant and seeds can be used as medicine toothache. Leaf dipping sauce can insecticide. (Fruit ripening inconsistent, when natural cracking cooked, it should be timely harvest. Usually in June would have been the first harvest ripe seeds 1 a 2, July optimal _select_ion of all harvesting threshing season. Rinsing the whole grass, cut into sections and dried.)
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Chemical composition
Aboveground pavilion containing alkaloids methyl cow flat base, root contains diterpene alkaloids: Cattle flat base, methyl cattle pavilion flat base (methyllycaconitine). Root is poisonous. Intravenous injection of mouse LD50 of total alkaloids roots 4.90mg/kg, the main symptoms are weakness, difficulty breathing, convulsions, abrupt jumps after death. The whole plant can be used for soil pesticides to kill the flies and their larvae. "Attending the function." ① "Northeast Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook": "Xiehuo analgesic, insecticide." ② "plateau herbal treatment Handbook": "antibacterial dehumidification, insecticide cure ringworm." ③ wind-heat treatment toothache: larkspur to one-fifth of the money. Rinse water to cook, can not swallow. ("Northeast Chinese Herbal Medicine Handbook") ④ cure scabies: larkspur tune with Sophora powder rub. ("Plateau herbal treatment Handbook") ⑤ treatment of head lice: fresh chicken even the whole plant, mashed, flooding shampoo. ("Jilin herbs")
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Best Harvest
Chinese herbal variety, different medicinal parts, its best harvest time is not the same. The so-called best harvest is in terms of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. The quality of Chinese herbal medicines, depending on how much active ingredient content and origin, variety, cultivation techniques and harvesting of age, season, time and methods are closely related. To ensure the quality and yield of Chinese herbal medicines, herbal medicines most mature timely harvest. Mature herbal medicinal part refers to pharmaceutical standards have reached, in line with the provisions and requirements of the national pharmacopoeia. Quality ingredients include inherent quality and appearance traits, so the best herbal harvest should be the best time highest content of active ingredients, the appearance of characters such as shape, color, texture, size, etc., to get high-quality ingredients, to achieve better benefits. On the basis of previous experience, combined with the impact and quality of the medicinal properties of medicinal plant growth factors and nutrients in the reservoir during the rule of loss, according to different herbal medicinal part of the best herbal harvest are summarized below. First, the Chinese herbal varieties of roots and tubers medicine Such medicines are generally strong roots and rhizomes, roots of straight along, little fork, better quality foot powder, the harvest season in the fall, winter or early spring, until growth stops, mosaic withering sleep germination and early spring period before harvest. Most varieties of pre-harvest sprouting in spring is the optimum time, because preparation of medicinal plants in early spring germination, root portion of the storage of a large number of nutrients, or just have not started to decompose, so the highest content of active ingredients, the most nutrient-rich, best quality . But there are exceptions, such as astragalus, Aconitum, berberine, Codonopsis harvest in the fall, while heterophylla, Breit, aconite and other places closed in summer planing active ingredient content, good quality. Some varieties are now the most appropriate harvest period are as follows (see table), for reference. Second, Chinese herbal medicine varieties of flowers Flower bud herbal harvest more in the bud did not put better quality, have been blooming flower, the flower petals fugitive, broken, pale, aroma fugitive, seriously affecting the quality. For example, honeysuckle flower buds should be ahead in the summer and a large bottle from green to yellow, lilac buds in autumn from green to red, magnolia flower in Dongmochunchu not open, the roses in the spring and early summer flowers will be open, bud in When buds form in summer, harvesting the most suitable, its high content of active ingredients, good quality. But there are some varieties of herbal flowers need to harvest when the flowers open, such as the Chinese rose slightly in the spring and summer when the flowers open, the downtown sheep spend 4 to bloom during May, at the beginning of spring and flowers Yangjinhua open When, in the autumn chrysanthemum flowers bloom, flowers in summer from yellow to red flowers, is the most appropriate harvest. Third, the Chinese herbal varieties of fruits and seeds used as medicine Fruits in natural medicines and more mature or nearly mature harvest better; seeds in the seed herbal medicines should be fully mature, full grain, high active ingredient content at harvest is good. Fire Maren, Aristolochia, Kochia scoparia, green box, Schisandra, Vaccaria, nutmeg, radish seed, raspberry, papaya, hawthorn, Melon, bitter almonds, Yuli, ebony, laevigata , complanatus, Cassia, Bugu paper, fenugreek, Citrus aurantium, Evodia, Croton, Semen, Panda Hai, chaulmoogra that gentleman, River sub, cumin, Cnidium, dogwood, forsythia, female Sadako, Strychnos, dodder, cows son, henbane, medlar, burdock, Yiyiren, Amomum, strawberry, treating diabetes and so on. Maturity varieties of inconsistency should be familiar with when ripe with mining, in batches. As impatient, daughter and other son. Fourth, the Chinese herbal medicine varieties of leaf Leafy varieties of herbal plants should be grown in the most prosperous, open or not blooming flower harvest, when the plant is fully grown, the role of strong light, the highest content of active ingredients. If Folium, basil leaves, senna, stinking parasol trees, leaves and so on. Five varieties of Chinese herbal medicine in the whole plant Chinese herbal medicine the whole plant should grow to be the most productive and harvested before flowering in plants. Such as mint, andrographis, lycopodii, Houttuynia, Epimedium, Agrimony, Speranskia, verbena, patchouli, Zeeland, barbata, nosed pit viper grass, groundsel, Perrin, dandelion pods, capillaris, light bamboo, Dendrobium and so on.
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Identification of raw medicinal herbs
Root length cylindrical, 2-7cm, diameter 1-3mm; surface dark brown, with a clear stripes; fracture surface yellow. Stem surface brown, with edges, hollow sections. Leaf wrinkled, yellow-green, moist flattening was kidney-shaped pentagon, long 0.8-1.4cm, width 0.7-2.3cm, 3 full crack, full lobes broadly rhombic central, lateral lobes nearly the whole sector, one to return the fine crack, small lobes narrowly ovate; petiole. Flowers solitary Acremonium, small leafy bracts or oval; pedicels pubescent; sepals 5, blue-purple, wide oval, diamond shape from cylindrical, about as long as sepals; staminodes 2, petal-like, dark brown, two-lobed, was yellow beard; ovary coat. Follicles about 1.8cm. Seeds inverted cone-shaped tetrahedron. Gas micro, bitter taste.
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English Expression
: branching larkspur
n.: delphinium, larkspur
lat.: delphinium grandiflorum l.
Thesaurus
green jade halcyon type of creeping plant fleuret, ganniaocao, delphinium, Big Flower delphinium, jizhualian, baibucao, Pigeon spent