American black bear - american black bear (ursus americanus)
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Taxonomy
Door chordates chordata Subphylum subphylum vertebrata vertebrate Gang Mammalia mammalia Head carnivore carnivora Branch Bear Branch ursidae Bear subfamily subfamily ursinae Is a genus ursus arctos American black bear species u.americanus
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Physical characteristics
美洲黑熊 身体特征
美洲黑熊 身体特征
Head - Torso Male: 140-200cm Female: 120-160cm Tail length: 8-14cm Body weight Male: 47-409kg Female: 39-236kg
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Subspecies Information
美洲黑熊 亚种信息
美洲黑熊 亚种信息
美洲黑熊 亚种信息
ua americanus: subspecies. Eastern Montana to the Atlantic; Alaska eastward to southern and eastern Atlantic ua amblyceps: western Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah Southeast, Arizona extends to the eastern half of northern Mexico ua californiensis: California central valley, northern Oregon to southern ua carlottae: British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands, Alaska ua cinnamomum: Cinnamon Bear. Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, eastern Oregon, Utah and parts of northeastern Canada ua emmansii: northern British Columbia, the Yukon, Alaska Southeast. Also known as the Blue Bear or Ice Bear ua eremicus: Northeastern Mexico ua floridanus: Florida black bear, Florida, southern Georgia and southern Alabama ua hamiltoni: Newfoundland bears, Newfoundland ua kermodei: Bai Ling Bear / Ka Mode bears. British Columbia, Canada Princess Island and nearby coast, 10% of the black bear is white ua luteolus: East Texas or Louisiana black bear black bear. Eastern Texas, Louisiana, southern Mississippi ua machetes: north-central Mexico ua perniger: Alaska Kenai Peninsula ua pugnax: Alaska Alexander Archipelago ua vancouveri: British Columbia, Vancouver Island American black bear huge size, stubby limbs. Their body length 120-200cm, male bears may be much larger than the mother bear. American black bear's body color, there are many, the northeastern part of the American black bear darker color to black as much; living in the northwest are lighter color, hair color brown, light brown, gold; lives in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Coast The bears even have milk white individuals, known as "Bai Ling Bear"; Alaska there are members of the American black bear blue-gray body hair, it is also known as "ice bear." Also president of the American black bear and sometimes chest chest with white spots. Their snout is long and wide, slightly lighter coat. Ears rather small, bushy, round, long relatively low position in the head, near the sides. American black bears each have five feet are long sharp claws hook can not be recovered, in these sharp claws tore food, climbing and digging aspects of great help. Of course, who, if they are also affected by forepaws sweep enough. Their front paws slap strength enough to kill an adult deer. American black bear's sense of smell is extremely sensitive, compared with their visual and hearing a lot less necessary. As the American black bear fur and body diversity, is currently divided into 16 subspecies. Among these the most unique subspecies living when the number of big Bear Rainforest in British Columbia, Canada, White Bear - Bai Ling bear. Site will be introduced separately - Bai Ling Bear (ursus americanus kermodei). In addition, among the subspecies East Texas black bear (ua luteolus) due to the scarce number in 1992 was officially included in the federal list of endangered species protection, class "by Granville"; Florida black bear (ua floridanus) but also because of the number of worrying (number only an estimated 1,500-2,500) and are protected in Florida law. There are a lot of black bears in North America distribution. They live north of the Alaska Range, east across Canada, up the east coast of Newfoundland - Labrador; southward through parts of the U.S., it has been extended to Mexico and Tamaulipas 亚里特. American black bears are the main activities in these mountain forests in the distribution of land, at an elevation of about 900-3,000 meters.
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Habits
American black bear is also omnivorous animals to plant-based foods. In general, their food, 80% is all kinds of grasses, fruits, plant roots, fungi, nuts and so on. The remaining 10% of the insects, and the other 10%, compared with human waste. For those living near humans bear the city, the human waste is an important source of food; close to the coast or the bears who live in the river will be fish, crustaceans as their main food; bears living in northern Canada will spend a lot of time to capture the lemmings; while to Alaska, where the bear would contentedly enjoy rich local salmon and deer. American black bear will vary with the seasons change their recipes. Spring black bear will choose carrion and plant food, will catch some small game supplement winter consumption of fat. In the summer, they will eat a lot of berries, an additional catch some rodents and other small prey nutritional supplements. Into the fall, a variety of delicious ripe berries, fruits and nuts everywhere, so that they enjoy. To the late autumn and early winter night, they are more to step up eating because food is scarce winter is coming, and they have to prepare for the future hibernation. American black bears are solitary animals. Their activities and residence time depending on the seasons change. In the spring, they often go out at dawn or dusk in search of food, to the summer they will spend a lot of time during the day. Into the fall, they will come out to feed both day and night wandering. American black bear climbing ability is very high strength (that is, if you are unfortunate encounter an American black bear, tree climbing is definitely not your best choice, it can not play dead, because the American black bear eating carrion ......), in time to avoid the enemy rather is valid, such as bears, wolves, and even dangerous to humans. Despite the relatively aggressive American black bear, but also to avoid unnecessary battles, save in vain to hurt yourself. They often use visual method of intimidation to scare each other, such as claws to stand up, her lip curled toward each other, and make attacks like. Most of the fighting occurred in the mating season, in order to compete sweetheart, male bears have had to resort to force. In addition, in order to force single mothers raising children who enter early estrus, the males will kill their loved children. To protect children, mothers are always very careful, they patrol the territory would not so much as the male bear. Unfortunately, the public in danger in case of a bear, they will fight efforts to resist, after all, bringing up the children on their own is not easy. Nevertheless, in the event of death among pups, still 70% of the male bear as. American black bear is highly territorial animals, but also a wide range of territory. The territorial limits of the mother bear about 3-40 kilometers, while the males can reach 20-100 square kilometers. Male bear territory much larger than the range due to the mother bear, its territories and often intersect different mother bear's territory, but does not produce overlapping and gay. Newly independent young mother bear the first few years may be simply to establish their own territory in the mother's territory. But those boys would be far from him mom opened. In addition, the richness and density of the food bears also make changes in the size of their territory from time to time. American black bear in the annual marriage season generally 6-8 months. Birth mother bear who usually once every two years, of course, have a longer reach 3-4 years of fertility once. For offspring, people will love gathering together a few days, but after a successful mating, the fertilized egg into the uterus does not immediately delayed implantation of this phenomenon will continue for nearly five months, so pregnancy for up to 220 days, and embryos development is completed in about the last ten weeks of pregnancy. Successful mating male bear more than once a year would raise offspring, it may try to find a few partner within the territorial limits. Pregnant mother bear will store enough fat in the drill hole into hibernation. Baby Bear are usually born in January or February of the following year in hibernation caves, each child usually have 2-3 small guy. Just the little ones born only 225-330g weight, hairless, neither see nor hear. Because breast milk nutritious, little ones grow quickly, to spring out of the hole when the weight may have been a 2-5 kilograms. This time the Cubs were not weaned until they grow up to 6-8 months old. Winnie and her mother will live with for a year and a half or so, when the time of her mother re-entering estrus, usually children forcibly evicted from their territory in order to procreate again. Cubs usually leave her mother's only 7-49 kg of body weight, depending on the richness of the food. Mother bear who is sexually mature between 2-9 years of age, the males are sexually mature at about 3-4 years old. In the 10-12 year-old male bear's body before will continue to grow over the age of 10 male bears usually do not need to lecture those fights by young, and they are as long as the next stop, is enough to deter each other. American black bear natural state is relatively long-lived animals, they can live up to 32 years old. But with the increasing human disturbance, most black bears can live to about 10 years old. Even in those less than 18 months to declare the death of a young black bear, there are more than 90 percent of the bears died of gunshot humans, trapping, car accident or other human-related events. Those weak black bear cubs may become a wolf and cougar prey, but the American black bear greater threat to human injury. Whether or adult black bear cubs are likely to be treated as human vermin hunter shot and killed, or become a victim of hunting game. In addition, diseases and parasites also cause some American black bear threat. As the number of large (about 600,000), cites the American black bear included appendix ii, and iucn Redbook is listed as "a little to be concerned about." * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - - * - * - * - * (Amercan black bear; American black bear) Distribution ranges from northern Mexico highlands, north to most areas of North America. Figure large Cuyuan, 1.37-1.88 meters in length and weighing them 5-270 kg. Broad head, small eyes, short ears round. Also short neck, back and shoulders in the same horizontal plane, stout limbs, large and bare before full pads. Body hair rough and long. Black body only kissed tan nose and chest with white "v" shaped markings. Coat color variation, produced in western Canada was cinnamon-colored bear, and the Pacific coast bears white, blue and bee-like coat. Haunt the coniferous forest, swamps and other broad-leaved forest and environment, alone. Good climb trees and swim. Poor eyesight, hearing, sense of smell. Nest field range of about 125.5 square kilometers. Living in a cave, crevice or tree holes during hibernation. Omnivorous, food including ants, other insects, honey, deer, mice, rabbits, fish and berries, tree buds. April-August period of sexual activity. Gestation period 200 days, an average of 2.4 young per litter. Bear female sexual maturity after five years, the male leaves mature one year after birth.
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Taxonomy
美洲黑熊 分类地位
Door chordates Chordata Subphylum subphylum Vertebrata vertebrate Gang Mammalia Mammalia Head Carnivora Carnivora Section bear family Ursidae Bear subfamily subfamily Ursinae Is a genus Ursus arctos American black bear species U.americanus
