American English (American English, or US English, also known as American English) is a kind of English used in the U.S. form. It is the most important language in the United States. According to the 1990 census, 97% of U.S. residents to "good" or "very good" in English, only 0.8% of people do not use English, and in 1890 3.6%. By 2005, over two thirds of native English speakers to use American English. Specification of the first generation of American English British English British English, is the second generation of modern English history in English American English and British English as the third generation of international English Worldenglish laid the foundation for the production.
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Origin and characteristics of American English
In North America the special cultural, historical and social environment formed a number of unique form and meaning. Modern linguistic terms, American English is a variant of English, is nearly four years of English used in North America this particular geographical environment, by the cultural diversity of American society and the continuous innovation and the formation of a variant of the (Caichang Zhuo, 2002). American English from the Elizabethan English, its history and the history of American immigration has very close ties to the U.S. immigration history can be traced back 300 years ago. In 1607, John • Smith (John Smith) and so the first 120 colonists across the Atlantic by ship three, in Virginia (Virginia) James River to establish the James City (Jamestown). Shortly afterwards, in 1620, from Norfolk and Suffolk in eastern England to the Puritans, the county board the "Mayflower" (May Flower) ship arrived in Massachu_set_ts (Massachu_set_ts) in the southeastern part of Plymouth (Plymouth), established colonies. Britain is in the time period of Elizabeth I, from the point of view of English history, is in the early days of modern English stage. In the early Puritans in New England moved to a hundred or more than Oxford and Cambridge graduates, they will be brought to the Elizabethan English in North America the New World, became the starting point of American English. From then on, the two say Elizabethan English. Therefore a long period of time, between American English and British English, and no significant differences. Early British colonial period, the United States and home of British immigrants at first maintained close contact, their language is still with its British and change language. But as time goes on, the British American colonies also had a different native language of English in the UK. • Noah Webster Dictionary America's most prestigious scientists .1828, the publication of his "American Dictionary" American Dictionary of english Language, which marks his contribution to American English has reached a peak. He systematically and comprehensively the formation of the US-language word, meaning and usage are fixed, standardized national language of the United States finally formed. This is for the future development of American English and the impact on the world have laid a solid foundation, since the Americans have a voice entirely their own dictionary. American language reflects the characteristics of American society, diversity reflects the diverse cultural characteristics of slang is a vivid manifestation of American English As a nation of immigrants, the United States has been known as the "nation of nations", but the mainstream culture is still Anglo-Saxon culture. Any new immigrants, to live in the New World had to accept or adapt to the mainstream culture. Meanwhile, the American people for their own literature and language independence and the formation of its struggle, political struggle is actually a continuation and development. American English is the process of the formation of long and tortuous. World War I before and after the period is the relationship between American English and British English the turning point (turning point), before departure from the tendency of British English American English is, after the main tendency is to move closer to British English to American English. Today's English into American English and British English. British English, Australian, New Zealand, West Indies, Ireland, South African, American English for the United States and Canada. British English American English is a regional language variant, which originated in the 17th and 18th century British English. From 1607 the British established the first colony in the Americas --- Jamestown 1775 until the outbreak of the American Revolution, the British in North America has established 13 colonies, but also to the British colonists Shakespeare (Shakespeare) and John Stuart Mill Dayton (Milton) English brought to the Americas. At this point, it is often called the "North American English" (English in North America) or colonial English (Colonial English). This ancient language in the new environment to absorb the Indian vernacular languages and other European immigrants in the New World to continue to develop the final language of the formation of a mixture of mature - U.S. language. Of course, different historical circumstances to give it a different name. After the War of Independence, the rise of nationalism, the language of the Americans called themselves "United States of America Language" (English in the USA) or "the United States created term" (Americanism). In 1806, Noah • Webster (Noah Webster) first American English, American English the word has become a fixed expression. 1828, by the efforts of Webster, prepared to spend the second for "American English Dictionary", compiled the first of its kind to open American English, has been the formation of future generations as an important symbol of American English, as the U.S. economic, political, and military all aspects of rapid development, the United States as the leading world power, the outbreak of two world wars, the United States is laying a pivotal position on the world stage, American English, as a kind of cultural output the United States, its mapping ability and communication related to the scope of the every corner of the world. But the United States when communicating in English with other languages will also be the impact of alien language. In general, the development of language in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary three aspects. Voice, small and slow changes in grammar, vocabulary changes rapidly. From the perspective of linguistics and lexicology of view, look at the history of American English, American English are the following distinctive features. 1 Old English American English on the retention characteristics American English in the 17th century, the language used in England, that Shakespeare 、 Milton 、 Bunyan period based on the language used to develop. And now compared to the standard London English, American English has great antiquity. The old is mainly manifested in the choice of words, it retained and resurrected in the British English has become "obsolete" in many words, typical examples are: I guess, as I think, I suppose, I believe, as I guess you are wrong. (I think you're wrong), this usage in the 17th century England widespread, and now no longer in use, and American English to treat it retained; mad as angry about, such as: He was mad about losing the chance (he lost the opportunity to rage death), the usage in Shakespeare's time the frequent use; railroad for the railway, 18 century English only wooden rail (wooden rails) for the vocabulary used by rail, when the 19th century railway has been replaced, the U.S. language is retained so far. There are also, sick (ill), poor (lean), dry (thirsty), allow (affirm). American English has retained many lively 、 image of the old terms, such as: fall, which means "autumn", comes from thefallofleaves (leaf season), and standard English from Chaucer (Geoffrey Chaucer, about 1346 ~ 1400) started with the "autumn" word (from French) means "fall" bug in American English, refers to the term "bug" and now in British English but specifically refers to "bug" in British English the word in the original meaning refers, after the narrow meaning, the term intention to retain U.S. English with bedbug alleged bug. Loan term as a transitive verb, many English Dictionary specially marked behind it Americanism. In fact, it's the verb usage is also originated in Britain around the year 1200, as "loans 、 loan" . In addition, some words in standard British English is no longer used, only the British dialect, and in the United States is still common words, such as the deck (a deck of cards), drool (joking), shoat (piglets, pigs ), polliwog (tadpoles) and so on. In addition, the standard American English voice and tone compared to London, but also a bit old-fashioned, with 17th and 18th century British English features. For example, the United States in Mandarin, retain the retroflex r, which is Shakespeare's time the English voice features the result of inherited, and if the Americans the bath 、 fast 、 path of letters in words to retain a flat tone, while the British are far in the 18th century in southern England on the repeal of this pronunciation. 2 rich creativity of American English 2.1 The original does not exist to create some new words, such as, an attractive man with irritation began to be known as pizzazz (fashionable style of the person). The early _set_tlers also created a lot of words, such as the bellhop (Club Male paternity), debunk (condensation truth), blurb (description), cahoots (conspiracy), skyscraper (skyscrapers). the development of technology, a series of words one after another the birth of scientific theories, such as the black hole (black hole), cinerama (panoramic film), duplication (VCR), space walk (space walk). Recently, the emergence of the Chinese astronauts also made the U.S. language, there has been a new word, taikonaut (astronaut) to distinguish astronaut (cosmonaut). 2.2 based on old words, free use of affixes, or use blending method (blending) and inverse Health Act (backformation) to create new words Such as debug (find and remove the reasons that caused the error), defog (defogging), defrost (defrost), racist (racist), smog (smoke) from the smoke (smoke) and fog (fog), medicare ( medical care) and care by a mixture of medical, brunch (breakfast and lunch) is a mixture of breakfast and lunch. Frequent use of American English Law of Conversion (conversion), especially from nouns into verbs, such as to engineer (design), to style (named), to resurrect (the resurrection), to holiday (vacation), to model (when models), etc., adjectives into nouns often appear, such as a depressive (depressed person), a mod erate (moderate), friendlies (friendly people), hostiles (the enemy). 3 American English language on the absorption of multi-ethnic American National has always been known as the "melting pot" (the melting pot), so American English also has a "melting pot" characteristics. Americans are in contact with people of various nationalities, he absorbed a large number of ethnic languages. 3.1 the absorption of the Indian language (American Indian) Whites friendly exchanges with the Indians learned many new things, to enrich their own language and culture. Throughout the colonial period, white _set_tlers mainly absorbed vocabulary names, especially those related to natural features and terms, such as mountains 、 rivers 、 lakes 、 Bay. In today's 50 states, at least 27 states from the Indian language. In addition, the early American English borrowed the word but also with the Indians Tribal relations, lifestyle, religious practices 、 crops 、 appliances 、 and other related plants and animals such as moose (moose), skunk (skunk), chipmunk (chipmunk), raccoon (raccoon), opossum (possum), squash (zucchini), wigwam (huts), sachem ( Emirates), wampum (shell beads), tomahawk (axes). 3.2 pairs of absorption of the Dutch language The history of the Dutch colonists in the North American continent, the bully, then there are large numbers of the Dutch _set_tled in the U.S., a variety of life into the American English language. Such as food vocabulary: cole slaw (sandwich Caisi), cookie (dessert ), cruller (oil pancakes), pot cheese (ceramic loaded cheese), waffle (waffles); farm and buildings, hay barrack (thatched cottages), stoop (corridors), saw buck (sawing wooden); there some social attribute vocabulary, such as the boss (foreman), patron (big plantation owners), yankee (New England, Yankees). Absorption of 3.3 pairs of German German Americans in the United States one of the largest ethnic group today. It is estimated that there is one in every four Americans is of German descent. German's many cultural characteristics have become the general characteristics of American life. Beef sausage hamburgers, beer have become a fixture in American way of life. And these are of German descent in the United States improvisation. American English language with the German long-term exchanges, also into a number of terms. currently see along with more than 60. If: beer soup (soup taste beer), blutwurst (black sausage), diener (lab assistant), semester (semester), seminar (seminar), hex (spell), katzenjammer (drunk ), wunderkind (child prodigy), zinc (Zn) and so on. Absorption of 3.4 French Although the French colonists in North America has a vast territory, but few permanent residents, which unlike the German people do have a greater impact on American English. But the American words, there are some French shadow, such as caribou (reindeer), pumpkin (pumpkin), jambalaya (jambalaya), voyager (navigator), cent (points), chute (waterfall) and so on. Absorption of 3.5 pairs of Spanish Spain in North America and there have been 200 years of colonial rule, during this period, Spanish is also heavily integrated into the American English, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), marijuana (cannabis), mesquite (Prosopis), yucca (Yucca Flower ), buckaroo (cowboy), jerk (dried meat), poncho (cloak), cafeteria (buffet restaurant), conch (conch) and so on. 4 United States the widespread use of English slang In American English, the people most close to civilian life and best reflects the requirements and characteristics of social life is slang. Fashionable new style of slang, unconventional, lively humor, the expression of diversity. Such as, severe criticism from the person, to criticize too dull , in order to create a unique and badmouth; firefighters is vividly described as smoker eater; boyfriend missed appointments, said stand him up new natural than keep him waiting; dismissal of a person, with dismiss too old to give him the air with ; exhausted, pooped out with exhausted obviously not as good as unique. In order to follow the fashion, slang, frequently updated, so a large number of synonyms appears. as slang refers to "money" had the words: dough, jack, moola, kale, mazuma, etc. means a small amount of money are: beans, dibs, peanuts and so on. notes that with the cabbage and lettuce. said, "TV" is also a lot of words, such as the telly, the box, idiot box, goggle box, the one eyed monster, all vivid image, that of human organs is also very humorous slang, meaning "face" of a dial, phiz, mug, and puss, said the "eyes" have blinkers, peepers, saucers, etc.; flaps and lugs, said, "ears"; that " nose "of a beak, conk, schnozzle, snitch, snout; means" mouth "has bazoo, gob, trap; that" hands "are dukes, flippers, meathook, mitts; that" feet "are dogs, plates, stumps. Different social groups often have their own specific life cycles, so different classes and different regions have their own slang, such as: College Slang (college slang) He is just a booker. (He studies too much.) You are out of your tree. (You are out of mind.) Watch it! You might rattle the troops. (Don't up_set_ your parents.) English, as a matter of fact the world of international social language, which is unprecedented success. From the use of its population, the number of English-speaking world's second largest after the Chinese door, about four hundred million people. However, English as a second language, or to some extent, the number of people use English, to much more than it can be said distributed in all corners of the world, each nation, at this point is the Chinese can not. How it developed to? The first batch of the British Isles Celtic Indo-European residents. There may be earlier, the original inhabitants of the island, but sparsely populated, so much did not leave traces. Previously mentioned, is an ancient Indo-European Celts a people, about four thousand five hundred years ago from their hometown of westward migration in Eastern Europe, in the first millennium BC (the equivalent of the Shang Dynasty, the early Western Zhou Dynasty years), they became southern Germany, northern foot of the Alps a strong nation. About five hundred years BC (equivalent to our Spring and Autumn Period), they began to migrate westward, and later to the British Isles. This is the first Indo-European people "invasion." Second invasion of Indo-European people in the mid-fifth century, when living in Germany and Denmark is now the junction of two tribes, one Schleswig (Schleswig) Anglo (Angles), the other is the Hall Shi Stein (Holstein) of Saxony (Saxon). Schleswig / Huoershitan because it is the most northern of the two German states, is from Denmark during World War I Germany, where the "acquire" the. The two tribes from there across the North Sea, occupied England, the original Celtic people quickly back to Wales, Ireland and the Scottish Highlands. English word to come from Angles, meaning "corner", which means they came from a corner of Europe. Angle in Old English writing Engle, their language is called Englisc (in Old English, "sc" read as "sh", such as "sceap" - "sheep"). By the way, "Celtic" (Celt) in c can be read as s or k, it is also called "Celtic", many Americans come from Scotland and Ireland, the so-called "American accent" may be Celtic accent. Boston is not there a famous team called "Celtic" thing. Also in the existing English / Scandinavian languages based on synonyms, such as the wrath of English and Scandinavian language of anger, the French brought in ire. Even our Chinese also contributed words: kowtow (prostration), typhoon (Typhoon), sampan (junk), kaolin (kaolin), tea (Fujian dialect), shanghai (not the names :-))。 The English as a foreign language so expressive and rich language. While integration into such a large number of "exotic" language, Old English still constitute the core of it - less than five thousand of the Old English words remain to this day. During this period senior English gradually to the development of the throne 1399 Henry IV was the first English-speaking king of England. Towards the end of the fourteenth century, when Chaucer (Chaucer) completed 』『 The Legend of Canterbury (Canterbury Tales), the London dialect as the representative of modern English finally emerged: one from the Past "corner" of the language.
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American English and British English differences
The original English, as long as two thousand years ago, daily life, sharing the word used is based on the old Chinese homonyms, synonyms and homonyms meaning the method will be created. Seal character of the radical is a replica of the English alphabet. Truly become a British English language, has only three hundred years of history. We know in English, around 1400 AD by the Anglo-Saxon dialect of southern England (Anglo-Saxon dialects) from development. Of which there are many letters, borrowed from the British conquest of 1066 Norman (Normans) said French. Wales (Wales), Scotland (Scotland) and Ireland (Ireland) at that time for different countries. And people say the language is Celtic (Celtic languages). At that time, Europeans did not know the existence of North America; therefore the European scholars of the language is Latin, of which about 300 years of history, English language only truly British. 1700 years ago, English is not British English and American English are two different because only the British, American English does not exist at the time. But then, as part of the British people emigrated to America in the American continent and the development of a culture and fusion of Indian, Spanish, French, and black culture, coupled with the language of English speaking and writing in the few to be standardized by and the impact of unification, so today was the formation of English British English and American English in two forms. With the rapid progress and social and cultural change, the change of English has also become dry clay lump. In a certain sense, the United States in the English language is based on a branch separated from, or as some linguists say, the United States is a language in the Americas has been the land of English (transplanted language). Known contact with English speakers, English is the language from the UK, it is not just a British native language is the language of all English-speaking countries. These include the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand. But since World War II, many countries have become a colony of English-speaking countries, and English all over the world therefore, its use is not limited to the English-speaking countries. Today, the English can be said to have become a universal language. Naturally, the international community, it became different between countries and nations and the common universal language of communication tools. Especially in the business, the enthusiasm of English is beyond doubt. Although the two languages, English and American language the main part (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, etc.) are the same, the U.S. language in its development process by its unique historical, cultural, ethnic, geographical and other factors, the formation of a own characteristics, and English were significantly different. • Mark Twain once said: "English and American are separate languages, ... When I speak my native tongue in its utmost purity an Englishman can't understand me at all." (The stolen White Elephant, 1882). The main difference between English and American language reflected in the vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and speaking of temperament and so on. A pronunciation Vowels: Pronunciation of English and American language is the most representative of the difference between the pronunciation of er different. English, the short sound of vowels er is muddy as described above, but the long sound of the er is nothing but a muddy elongated vowels, sounds like a very exaggerated between "Russia" and "ah" sound . The U.S. language, er how sound is a "child" sound (with the exception of some saying the hair into a muddy vowels.) ar: In addition to Light Reading short sound (such as the singular), and who even after the vowel (eg, clarity), all the all-ar English long sound [a:], while the United States the phrase is "Al." In fact, where there r the end of a syllable, when American and British pronunciation is usually not the same, such as the tour (English: spit ah, the United States: spit children), tear (English: kick ah, the United States: playing children), pair (English: pe ah, the United States: pe children). Clarity even mentioned in the English ['kleriti], the U.S. language [' kle child r (er) ti]. In addition to the u, i and other muddy vowel combinations of vowels. Consonants: Consonants of English and American language is essentially the same consonants, but there are some differences in the use of habit. More important, only the following two: r: r is simply the letter on behalf of all the differences between the Anglo-American, everywhere it. Doing consonants, what makes the difference is, when r word ending in the first and the second word begins with a vowel, as English vowels to complete treatment r, and the United States would r tonal language as a word behind the beginning of the vowel consonants, such as the phrase clear animosity, English will be read as clear | animosity, and U.S. language would read as clear-ranimosity. Another obvious difference is that d and t. In the part of the unstressed syllables (eg, paddle, rattle, actuality), in English, clearly pronounce the letters, but language in the United States will be d, and t is often difficult to explain as a fuzzy sound, compared with other languages, If you know Spanish or Italian, it is now very close to a short bounce r; if you understand Japanese, then ri る れ ろ ら line consonants like. If you do not know, then the closest explanation is that laterals l, but the difference so a length. Another point, history, factory these words, we might have found the pronunciation of o (a muddy vowel) in many phonetic annotation is played in brackets. In the UK, like the English influence by classical omit this o, and in the United States, the o is often made a sound. (If you are interested in on the classical or poetry, you will find a lot of muddy vowel letter is a single quote 'representation that is omitted.) Second, the spell American spelling is a focus on practical aspects of the nation, in their spelling words, they also adopted a pragmatic attitude. The development of language in the United States, in the spelling of simplified characters have appeared similar to the movement (The Simplified Spelling Movement), _delete_ the word spelling some of the letters are not pronounced. spelling difference is that English and American English is another difference. summed up in the following situations. 1, does not pronounce English words ending-ue language spelling in the U.S. were removed. Spelling of English language spelling of the United States Directory catalogue catalog Dialogue dialogue dialog Preamble prologue prolog PS: In British English, silent-me are often omitted. 2, the English word ending in-our, the deletion of language in the United States does not pronounce the letter u. Spelling of English language spelling of the United States Behavior, behavior behaviour behavior Color colour color Favorite favourite favorite Flavor flavour flavor Honor honour honor Labor labour labor 3, the-re ending in English, pronounced / e / words, in the United States to-er at the end of the phrase, pronounced the same. Spelling of English language spelling of the United States Centre centre center Fiber fibre fiber M metre meter Theater theatre theater 4, some to English words ending in-ence, in the United States to-ense at the end of the phrase, pronunciation is still / ns /. Spelling of English language spelling of the United States Defence defense defense Offense offence offense License licence license Excuse pretence pretense 5, a number of English words that end with -ise/-ize, in the United States to-ize at the end of the phrase, pronunciation is still the / z /. English spelling / US spelling words Organization organise / organize organize Achieve realise / realize realize Creative improvise / improvize improvize Specializing specialise / specialize specialize Modern modernise / modernize modernize Popular popularise / popularize popularize Three languages, with the word respect Some English and American language used the same words mean different things in different or the same words, it is the vast majority of such words and cultural customs related, but does not have a material impact on the exchange. English and American language words used in different, involving many of the small aspects of life. Another example, in education, public school called the British schools in the United States called the prep school, referring to the privately funded, mostly rich kids attending private schools, the purpose is to prepare students to be admitted to institutions of higher education studies. Run by the U.S. government-funded public school in the United Kingdom called the council school, because these schools are channeled Education Committee of the County Council jurisdiction. Classes in British schools called form, in U.S. schools is called the grade or class. University of British boys are called university men. Universities in the United States were called college boys. British university teachers called in staff, systems called dons, universities in the United States is called the faculty. Again, the sidewalk in the United Kingdom called the pavement, in the United States called the sidewalk. The British called the wallet purse (women) or wallet (men), Americans called the pocketbook. The British called the pocketbook of the notebook or memorandum, in the United States called the memorandum book. Americans say eating the food for the last dessert (sweet), the United Kingdom is called the fruit of which only the dessert, the rest is called pudding. English and American language statement of the Corporation are not the same, the United Kingdom is called limited liability, writing Ltd. such as Matsushita Electric Trading Co., Ltd., the U.S. language is called incorporated, writing Inc., such as the Tandem Manufacturing Inc.. Only a small number cited above are a few examples, in fact, in the words of English and American language differences on the list goes on. Next, from the United States published in English. Four Syntax British English American English He just went home. He has just gone home. Do you have a problem? Have you (got) a problem? I've never really gotten to know her. I never really got to know her. Her feet were sore because her shoes fit badly. Her feet were sore because her shoes fitted badly. The committee meets tomorrow. The committee meet / meets tomorrow. It looks like it's going to rain. It looks as if / like it 's going to rain. He looked at me real strange. He looked at me really strangely. One should get to know his neighbors. One should get to know one's neighbors. Americans sometimes do not like the British use of articles. For example: British English: It was a Tuesday and he wasn't back at work until the Wednesday. American English: It was Tuesday and he wasn't back at work until Wednesday. In turn, the Americans when the British do not use articles. For example British English: I had been out of hospital for six weeks. In addition, the preposition usage is different. For example: British English: at the weekend in the street American English: on the weekend on the street British English: Some parents are talking about keeping their children off school. American English: Some parents are talking about keeping their children out of school. In that Chinese "have" meaning, the U.S. multi-purpose verbs in English have, British English and more perfect with the verb have got. For example: American English: She has an interesting book. British English: She has got an interesting book. In another example, American English that I insisted that everything be ready by six o'clock that evening. The current standard British English in the subjunctive mood in such form "should + verb prototype", that is: I insisted that everything should be ready by six o'clock that evening. Expression of five figures Dates, numbers, the difference of expression The date, the United States and Britain there is a difference of expression. The day first, month of the post, this is the British, American-style is the opposite. If a six-March 2 ninety-nine wording: March 2, 1996 (United States), 2nd March, 1996 (English). Writing in the American, 1st, 2nd, 3rd of the st, nd, rd is not in use. Since the date of writing different readings are not the same. Such as the April 20, 1987, English was written 20th April, 1987, read into the twentieth of April, nineteen eighty-seven; American expression is April 20, 1987, is read as April the twentieth, nineteen eighty- seven. Similarly, the expression of all date with the digital, there are differences between British and American. May 6, 1998 should be written as 6/5/98 in accordance with British and American should be written according to 5/6/98; 01.08.1998 British-style August 1, 1998, in accordance with the expression of the United States is January 8, 1998, the United States August 1, 1998 should be written in 08,01,1998. Therefore, all use numbers to represent dates, misunderstanding often occurs in business activities, must be used with caution. Million more than the expression of the concept of Anglo-American figures vary widely, such as the one billion English means "trillion", "trillion", and the United States only words "billion"; one trillion morning English equivalent million million million = 1018, a million trillion, equivalent to the UK in the U.S. English language actually one billion, is a "trillion", "trillion." In the digital oral expression, there are also differences between the two countries. (175 U.S. dollars) in English read as a (one) hundred and seventy five dollars, the U.S. language read as one hundred seventy five dollars, often omitted and; expression consecutive same digit number, the English practice of using double or triple, the U.S. language is generally not so used such as phone numbers 320112, English read as three two zero, double one two, the U.S. language is read as three two zero one one two, 999 234 English Reading into nine double nine (triple nine) two three four, the U.S. language is pronounced nine nine nine two three four, but Americans are the same as the number three consecutive three plus the number read into the plural form, such as the 999 reading into three nines. Sixth, the difference in business English letters Business English Correspondence (Business or Commercial English Correspondence) means of communication used by the transaction. In the U.S., commonly used Business writing, which includes letters, telegrams, telephone, telex, reports, postcards and so on. The style of English and American language in the Epistles there are some differences, such as letterhead and call, letter format, wording, at the end of polite language Dengjun different. In general, the more conservative British letters, and many British people like to use old-fashioned epistolary, more formal and rigid terms, the language of the United States is very angry letters, dynamic, format is also more convenient. So when we write the object or the old British colonial countries, we should use the standard English Queen's English; if the object of writing the United States or the United States sphere of influence in the region, will use U.S. English. Of course, the British language and culture have changed in recent years, but, overall, the difference between the two is obvious. Business English letters, generally require neatly typed or computer printed, the beginning of each line perpendicular to the left, known as vertical or flush head type (Block), the United States used this format; each indent to the first word, called indented or serrated-type (Indented), the British used this format. Vertical position and signature of all lines in the left sidebar, this format, in extreme respect for the efficiency of the U.S. company, has been widely used. Formal business letter in English to write on the top of the address prepared to receive company name and address of the recipient's name or full name, title and address, called the letter addresses (Inside address). Address the letter is written there and indent type of vertical points, vertical, and said the American side by side each line, also known as British indented lines will turn back. However, I noticed that the UK does not address the letter business letter indented in turn, it seems the same with the American. In addition, popular in the United States a common wording of the recipient address is in the Epistle to the Inside Address in the house number and street name are omitted. Letters in English to use the honorific, the most common honorific is Mr, Mrs and Miss (for unmarried women.) Often in the name of the British men followed by the Esq. (Esquire's initials), but also slowly commercial use Mr. Mmes. (Madam's the plural form) for more than two President. Messrs (Mr plural form) for more than two men, or men for the composition of two or more companies or organizations. In British English the letter, Mr, Mrs, Messrs, short periods are not added, on the contrary tend to progress in the beauty of language but add free short periods, such as Mr., Mrs., Messrs.. In the call, the business of the most common are Gentlemen (American) and Dear Sirs (British) two, the equivalent of our "Dear Sirs" or "those who wish to start." If the letter is addressed to reform a company unit, is not addressed to a specific person, the U.S. Pragmatic Gentlemen (plural), with English Dear Sirs. If only one other company, you must use Sir / Dear Sir. After the general call to use punctuation, British comma (comma), American-style with a semicolon (colon). Letters at the end of polite language (complimentary close) There are many, the equivalent of letters at the end of the use of the "salute", "Tribute", "Shun" and other sentences. The most typical American-style written with Sincerely and Best Regards, typical British expression Yours Sincerely (acquaintances or know her name), Best Wishes, Kind Regards and Yours Faithfully (name unknown). In addition, the United Kingdom mummy-style format and a special courtesy, but in addition to special circumstances, are no longer in use. Seven different idiom American English and English usage in the habit there are obvious differences. For example, British English in the virtual often to add should, but most do not have the U.S. language. Said "yes" or "no" concept, with English to have / haven 't got, the U.S. language is used to have / don' t have; "have to", "must" do, with English to have got to do something, words simply said the United States to have to do something; "temporary leave" English with a holiday jobs, the U.S. Pragmatic summer / temporary jobs; "leased computer," the English expression is computer hire, U.S. Pragmatic computer rental; "from a certain school graduation, "Anglo-American expression of different habits," graduate "the word can be used in the United States in any kind of language schools, such as graduate from university / school, etc., but in English, graduate only university graduates, secondary school graduates to use leave ; when it comes to treatment of a company is low, the usual expression in English It was badly paid, and the expression language is U.S. It didn't pay very much; "I get along very well with the boss," the English expression I got on very well with my boss, but the U.S. language is used got along instead of the sentence got on; "raise prices" English with a put up prices, the U.S. Pragmatic raise prices; "computer classes" English expression is go on a computer course U.S. language said that take a computer course. Mood: British tone cadence, high-pitched tone, and French, the somewhat similar (though they will not admit), and Americans speak English laughed weakly, loose no rhythm. Americans speak relatively stable low, the potential sentence was usually falling tone, and slower. Americans love a slight laugh at the tone of the British hysteria, feminine air to say. Telephone, the United States and Britain have different way, if he is the Office of the Secretary or the operator of the class of employees, not the other side looking for, we often say, "Please wait", the English expression is used to hold the line , please, the U.S. language usually hold on; If you request the other party (eg operator) transferred to the manager, the English expression is Could you connect me with the manager? U.S. language usually preposition "to" replace the sentence, the preposition "with". In the call, the business of the most common are Gentlemen (American) and Dear Sirs (British) two, the equivalent of our "Dear Sirs" or "those who wish to start." If the letter is addressed to each company unit, is not addressed to a specific person, the U.S. Pragmatic Gentlemen (plural), with English Dear Sirs. If only one other company, you must use Sir / Dear Sir. After the general call to use punctuation, British comma (comma), American-style with a semicolon (colon).
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6 oral skills in the United States
First, how to define a simple thing in English skills. 80% of Americans talking to Americans and to tell each other what is that thing. Despite the difficulty of our textbooks continues to deepen vocabulary, but the logical structure of thinking only stop at a certain level. Chinese people always say, Where is the book (where the book)? Few people say What is a book (the book is)? The United States began to ask students: What is the book? Where is the book that just describes the thinking stage. But I think even the students it is difficult to answer What is a book? Because the Chinese traditional English teaching mode is not to teach students the skills to express ideas. Second, if you have learned to define, but understand there are deviations, it would have to train How to explain things in different ways (in a different way to explain the same thing.) An expression of the other party do not know, Americans will eventually find another expression to understand each other. Because things to one, but the expression it may be a lot of sign language. This would be replaced by more practice. Traditional teaching methods do replace the practice, but this substitution is not a true replacement, the replacement of only the language level, rather than the replacement level of thinking. For example, I love you (I love you.) Replaced by our teaching methods put you into her, my mother, kind of replacement and there is no difference between primary and secondary students to practice Miao Hong. This replacement did not challenge the intelligence, did not start thinking. This replacement did not change the basic structure of the sentence, I do not understand I love you, certainly do not understand I love her. If a replacement is I want to kiss you, I want to hug you, I will show my heart to you, etc., or to each other about the movie "Titanic" and tell each other that is love, so that each may understand. This is really a true replacement. That is in a different way of expressing the same meaning, or an expression can not hear each other, give a simple example to understand the expression, until the other person understand. Fourth, we must learn to use important American Idioms. Not easy to learn, easy to understand the confusion caused by what is "Idioms." Beijing built a hat such as the child had said, foreigners difficult to understand, this is the idiom. Therefore, when communicating with Americans, the proper use of American idioms, he'll feel very close to, but also love to interact with you. So what is an idiom? You know that every word, but put them together, you do not know what it means. Fifth, the ability to learn two languages in the interpretation. This is a measure of the level of one of the most important spoken standard. Because English is not our mother tongue, we are born with their mother tongue. Many people think that learning a foreign language have lost their mother tongue, this is not right. Sixth, there must be guessing ability. Why are Americans and Americans, the exchange between the Chinese and the Chinese people rarely ambiguous? Because between them can be "speculation." We do not advocate the teaching of "speculation." But I think the speculation on the U.S. to learn spoken language is very important. In exchange, there is a word you do not understand, you can not immediately go to the dictionary, this time need to guess to build a bridge to fill the gap, otherwise the exchange would be broken. Pay attention to the Chinese people to learn oral recitation, sentence patterns, back tone, the result is a lot of people talk about when speaking began to focus his story turned up, in fact, looking at the memory of what was memorized. If he had to guess, I think this phenomenon will not occur. These are the Americans I said learn the 6 ways of thinking skills. Chinese students if they can do 6:00, with the short period of time can certainly learn spoken language. Besides the problem of English-speaking voice. We do not need the Chinese into a dead end, we must seek an audio a native pronunciation as long as we will not let the other party to misunderstand it. We usually do not need blind faith in what the scientific method, just remember one thing: imitation. But be sure to imitate the standard English or American language. In imitation, based on 1 hour a day to maintain self-speaking practice, this exercise must be a two-way exchange of hypothetical situations, that is the same as if someone to talk to you. Finally, the talk in English with a gas problem. We are in pronunciation, try to air your lungs, and avoid using lung sounds, which can make English sound loud and mellow.
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Photo Description:
Sino-American friendship envoys - Interview with President of the Society of American English Dane reputation English Language Institute is a non-profit non-governmental organizations, the so-called NGO (non-governmental organizations). Its core work is the _select_ion of English education in North America are interested in local people came to Asia as the school's English teacher. Dane Society of American English Yu (Timothy L. Davis), is a gentleman of the United States quite demeanor, his card is to him - a charity organization leaders - a perfect interpretation of the left half is in English, Simplified Chinese , Traditional Chinese, marked him in the United States, Beijing and Hong Kong office address, the lower right corner with the Chinese character for "friends" to do the background watermark. American Society of teachers of English English Education in China has made tremendous contributions deepened the friendship between our two peoples. In appreciation of outstanding contributions of these teachers, the State Foreign Experts Affairs and the provincial and municipal government departments, the leader of them awarded the "Friendship Award" and "Outstanding Foreign Expert Award." 25 years, there were dozens of American Society of Teachers of English, was awarded various awards.
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English Expression
n.: American English
Containing Phrases
standard American English
American english adage book containing listsof words and phrases grouped according to their meanings
American english tongue dictionary
American english And USA culture
period American english Altitude audition course
peking American english tongue College
americanism
American english of Commercial Braggadocio Vocabulary Gaoxiao
American english of Commercial Braggadocio Vocabulary Gaoxiao
Tianjin City American english Tongue to study (a subject) exclusively College