[Claw bend sub efficacy introduction]: Claw bend child ("Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi") [Source] for oleander plants croissants bend seeds. Long horns bend of plant morphology. [Collection] between September 8 to pick ripe fruit, stripping seeds to the net kind of hair, and dried. [Medicine] dried seed was spindle and flat, about 2 cm and a width of 5 mm, base obtuse, apex acute, with white filaments slender top left traces of hair, slightly below the navel point in the vicinity of hair types and species ridge on one side, white line, slightly convex, surface brown, with longitudinal stripes, and a slight twist. Easily broken, section gray, horny, squeezing fingers with oil spill. Chemical composition containing cardiac glycosides 9 to 11 percent, also called content of about 2 percent, the Department of mixtures of various cardiac glycosides, saponins can be divided and weak lipophilic lipophilic glycosides categories. Has clear structure lipophilic glycosides have horns bend glycosides, croissants bend different glycosides, saponins Casino, Casino different glycosides, saponins test more, test more different glycosides and Samut glycosides, saponins content to claw bend more, the role of the strong; weak lipophilic glycosides have d-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅰ and d-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅲ, the former content of more than croissants bend glycosides stronger role. Various parts of the plant contain cardiac glycosides, and more content in seeds, the highest titer. The proportion of cardiac potency of each part of the plant as follows: 100 seeds, peel 15.4, 8.1 leaves, branches 7.8, 2.5 stems, roots 1.9. Seeds of cardiac glycosides, the main claw bend glycosides, acid hydrolysis to produce salmonella aglycone. Ling said claw past a bend, proved to be β dehydrated aglycone Salmonella, Salmonella may be aglycone dehydration during acid hydrolysis product. Seeds contain fatty oil is still 30 to 40%. ① pharmacological effects on cardiac glycosides role claw can bend mixing cold-blooded, warm-blooded animals to strengthen heart contractions, heart rate, conduction block; of chloral hydrate, sodium pentobarbital, sodium cyanide, dinitramide phenol group of heart failure caused by a therapeutic effect, not only enhance myocardial contractility, and the output volume increased venous pressure drop caused by the failure of iodoacetate invalid. Its cardiac effects similar to poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides k, but weaker and lasting. Which contained pure glycosides (d-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅰ) cardiac effects have been confirmed. The impact of mixed glycosides claw bend ECG, cardiac glycosides and general similar. Effect on coronary generally less affected by the dose, poisoning is to make a significant amount of shrinkage, in case of severe coronary artery disease patients in clinical application, should be noted. ② other effects mixed glycosides claw bend slightly with sedation, anesthetized dogs and rats showed normal diuretic effect. In isolated rabbit, uterus and uterine fistula in vivo experiments to prove it with poisonous hairs k spin Hanako glycosides similar to the role of the uterus excitement, tension and movement away from the intestine to increase. ③ absorption, absorption is slow and not very regular accumulation and elimination of the gastrointestinal tract, up to 4,5 hours after administration uptake, croissants mixed glycosides accumulation bend low, 5 days has been no accumulation. Liver plays a role in the detoxification. Its poisonous hairs than Hanako glycosides g spin around in the body than the poisonous hairs destruction Hanako glycosides g spin slightly slower, the elimination rate of 0.006 mg / kg / hour ④ biological potency croissants mixed glycosides toxicity bend 1/2, its therapeutic index and safe range is slightly narrower, but the clinical point of view, the width of the therapeutic dose (effective dose and the toxic dose spacing), than the latter is wide. Each batch of croissants bend mixed glycosides, due to the different extraction methods and other reasons, there may be differences in biological potency. Thus, a standard method must be _select_ed for examination. Pigeon test method has been proposed method is superior than the cat. [Taste] "Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi": bitter, big drug. 【Indications - figuratively claw efficacy sub] blood swelling, itching insecticide. Rheumatism, scabies, bruises, sores. ① "medicine science": There is a strong heart. Governance hardening of the arteries, can strengthen heart contractions. ② "Guangxi Plants": strong heart swelling, itching insecticide. External governance bruises, ringworm scabies, rheumatism, polio sequelae, multiple abscesses, snakebite, fractures, wart. [Usage and dosage] External: pound deposited. Oral should be careful. Clinical application from seeds raised too horns bend bend croissants glycosides, pharmacological and clinical evidence, has a strong heart and poisonous hairs of similar spin Hanako glycosides k. Throughout the trial have received better treatment. As of 22 cases of congestive heart failure patients, after treatment were good effect in 14 patients, the majority began to take effect within five minutes, shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest swelling, cough, orthopnea, jugular vein distention, bruising, swelling etc. completely disappeared, lung capacity and volume increases, jugular venous pressure decreased, the cycle time is reduced; five cases effectively, like most of the above symptoms disappeared or improved as part of the disease did not change; 3 cases ineffective. And 68 cases after treatment, were good effect in 39 cases, effective in 16 cases, the effective rate of 93%. Various disorders like medication improved or disappeared in most cases, reduce the number of pulse and breathing, lung capacity increases within three hours after treatment blood pressure, venous pressure decreased, shorten cycle times, increased urine output: but no significant effect on ECG. Another small dose and high dose were observed in 56 cases and 42 cases, efficiency was 89% and 81%, respectively (difference in efficacy may be considered relevant case _select_ion). In addition, the trial was also small lesions of pneumonia in children with heart failure, 78 cases were also good effect, the vast majority of cases were cyanosis disappeared two days after treatment, heart rate, respiratory rate, liver shrink. Dosage and usage, the standard is not uniform throughout. Some preliminary test using small doses, ie 1st 0.125 to 0.25 mg daily total in principle exceed 0.5 mg. After through practice, that the above doses may small, were divided doses will be increased to 0.5 mg, twice daily beginning, the total does not exceed 1 mg, after his condition improved to day 1. After using 25% glucose solution when the horn bend glycosides thinner, within five minutes slowly injected intravenously. Believe that this is more appropriate dose and efficacy of smaller doses to quickly occur, although the higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, but all toxicity disappear soon after stopping, poisoning cases occurred. Also believes that daily with 0. 35 to 0.5 mg, 2% glucose, 50 ml in 10 minutes or more speed slowly injected into a vein, can be used as guidelines for dosage and usage; and pointed out that multi-poisoning hazard, the poor less effect; dosage and effect is not proportional such as when the drug is still effective amount to about 5.0 mg, even if increasing the dose and then continue, there will not be much better. Treatment of small lesions of pneumonia complicated by heart failure dosage: baby less than 0.05 mg of January 6 to 12 months of 0.1 mg, 0.15 mg 1 to 3 years, 5-8 years old 0.2 ~ o.3 mg, 0.3 to 8 to 12 years old 0.5 mg. 1 day, intramuscular injection. Side effects and toxicity: Few side effects generally believed, especially gastrointestinal reactions occur more rarely. With 65 cases in small doses, only one case because of the injection speed is too fast, the heart rate after injection of 71 beats / min to 118 beats / min; 1 case Bigeminy, continued without stopping injection, results After the injection of two hours and a half suddenly collapsed, systemic cyanosis, weak pulse, and finally death. In 42 cases with large doses, there are a small number of dizziness, irregular heartbeat, electrocardiogram are proven ventricular contractions before (including three cases before the multi-derived ventricular contractions, while two cases of atrial fibrillation, a patients while atrioventricular block); arrhythmias generally occur (the earliest of the total 0.5 mg total dose of 1.5 mg in when, at the latest when the total amount of 3 mg), in the opinion of the severity of myocardial damage , whereas the accumulation of the dose had no significant relationship. But another reported 58 cases of adult and 78 pediatric patients, the use of the process, no significant side effects. According to reports, croissants bend glycosides mainly for acute heart failure, can not be applied to the following conditions: (i) epicardial disease, toxic myocardial injury such as diphtheria, rheumatic fever, heart, thyrotoxicosis, syphilis caused failure. (Ii) shock and acute infectious cycle caused by failure. (Iii) Acute and subacute endocarditis.
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No. 2
Claw bend child ("Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi") [Source] for oleander plants croissants bend seeds. Details of plant morphology "claw bend" section. [Collection] between September 8 to pick ripe fruit, stripping seeds to the net kind of hair, and dried. [Medicine] dried seed was spindle and flat, about 2 cm and a width of 5 mm, base obtuse, apex acute, with white filaments slender top left traces of hair, slightly below the navel point in the vicinity of hair types and species ridge on one side, white line, slightly convex, surface brown, with longitudinal stripes, and a slight twist. Easily broken, section gray, horny, squeezing fingers with oil spill. Chemical composition containing cardiac glycosides 9 to 11 percent, also called content of about 2 percent, the Department of mixtures of various cardiac glycosides, saponins can be divided and weak lipophilic lipophilic glycosides categories. Has clear structure lipophilic glycosides have horns bend glycosides, croissants bend different glycosides, saponins Casino, Casino different glycosides, saponins test more, test more different glycosides and Samut glycosides, saponins content to claw bend more, the role of the strong; There are weak lipophilic D-glucoside strophanthin glycosides - Ⅰ and D-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅲ, the former content of more than croissants bend glycosides stronger role. Various parts of the plant contain cardiac glycosides, and more content in seeds, the highest titer. The proportion of cardiac potency of each part of the plant as follows: 100 seeds, peel 15.4, 8.1 leaves, branches 7.8, 2.5 stems, roots 1.9. Seeds of cardiac glycosides, the main claw bend glycosides, acid hydrolysis to produce salmonella aglycone. Ling said claw past a bend, proved to be β dehydrated aglycone Salmonella, Salmonella may be aglycone dehydration during acid hydrolysis product. Seeds contain fatty oil is still 30 to 40%. ① role of pharmacological effects on the heart Croissants mixed glycosides can bend cold-blooded, warm-blooded animals systolic strengthen, heart rate, conduction block; heart failure chloral hydrate, sodium pentobarbital, sodium cyanide, dinitrophenol, etc. have caused the therapeutic effect, not only enhance myocardial contractility, and increased output, venous pressure decreased, due to the failure of iodine acetate invalid. Its cardiac effects similar to poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides K, but weaker and lasting. Which contained pure glycosides (D-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅰ) cardiac effects have been confirmed. The impact of mixed glycosides claw bend ECG, cardiac glycosides and general similar. Effect on coronary generally less affected by the dose, poisoning is to make a significant amount of shrinkage, in case of severe coronary artery disease patients in clinical application, should be noted. ② other roles Claw bend slightly mixed with saponin sedation, anesthetized dogs and rats showed normal diuretic effect. In isolated rabbit, uterus and uterine fistula in vivo experiments to prove it with poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides K is similar to the role of the uterus excitement, tension and movement away from the intestine to increase. ③ absorption, accumulation and elimination Gastrointestinal absorption is slow and not very regular, up to 4,5 hours after administration, absorption, croissants mixed glycosides accumulation bend low, 5 days has been no accumulation. Liver plays a role in the detoxification. Its body destroyed in less poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides G slightly slower, the elimination rate of 0.006 mg / kg / hr ④ biological potency Claw bend mixed glycosides toxic than poisonous hairs about small spin Hanako glycosides G 1/2, its therapeutic index and a safe range is slightly narrower, but the clinical point of view, the width of the therapeutic dose (effective dose and the toxic dose spacing), width than the latter. Each batch of croissants bend mixed glycosides, due to the different extraction methods and other reasons, there may be differences in biological potency. Thus, a standard method must be _select_ed for examination. Pigeon test method has been proposed method is superior than the cat. [Taste] "Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi": "bitter, big drug." 【Indications】 blood swelling, itching insecticide. Rheumatism, scabies, bruises, sores. ① "medicine science": "There is a strong heart treatment hardening of the arteries, can strengthen heart contractions.." ② "Guangxi Plants": "strong heart swelling, itching topical insecticide treatment bruises, ringworm scabies, rheumatism, polio sequelae, multiple abscesses, snakebite, fractures, wart.." [Usage and dosage] External: pound deposited. Oral should be careful. Clinical application from seeds raised too horns bend bend croissants glycosides, pharmacological and clinical evidence, have poisonous hairs spin Hanako's K cardiac glycosides similar role. Throughout the trial have received better treatment. As of 22 cases of congestive heart failure patients, after treatment were good effect in 14 patients, the majority began to take effect within five minutes, shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest swelling, cough, orthopnea, jugular vein distention, bruising, swelling etc. completely disappeared, lung capacity and volume increases, jugular venous pressure decreased, the cycle time is reduced; five cases effectively, like most of the above symptoms disappeared or improved as part of the disease did not change; 3 cases ineffective. And 68 cases after treatment, were good effect in 39 cases, effective in 16 cases, the effective rate of 93%. Various disorders like medication improved or disappeared in most cases, reduce the number of pulse and breathing, lung capacity increases within three hours after treatment blood pressure, venous pressure decreased, shorten cycle times, increased urine output: but no significant effect on ECG. Another small dose and high dose were observed in 56 cases and 42 cases, efficiency was 89% and 81%, respectively (difference in efficacy may be considered relevant case _select_ion). In addition, the trial was also small lesions of pneumonia in children with heart failure, 78 cases were also good effect, the vast majority of cases were cyanosis disappeared two days after treatment, heart rate, respiratory rate, liver shrink. Dosage and usage, the standard is not uniform throughout. Some preliminary test using small doses, ie 1st 0.125 to 0.25 mg daily total in principle exceed 0.5 mg. After through practice, that the above doses may small, were divided doses will be increased to 0.5 mg, twice daily beginning, the total does not exceed 1 mg, after his condition improved to day 1. After using 25% glucose solution when the horn bend glycosides thinner, within five minutes slowly injected intravenously. Believe that this is more appropriate dose and efficacy of smaller doses to quickly occur, although the higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, but all toxicity disappear soon after stopping, poisoning cases occurred. Also believes that daily with 0 35 to 0.5 mg, 2% glucose, 50 ml in 10 minutes or more speed slowly injected into a vein, can be used as guidelines for dosage and usage; has pointed out multi-poisoning hazard, use less effect poor; dosage and effect is not proportional to the dose is still effective as those at around 5.0 mg dose continued to increase even then, there will not be much better. Treatment of small lesions of pneumonia complicated by heart failure dosage: baby less than 0.05 mg of January 6 to 12 months of 0.1 mg, 0.15 mg 1 to 3 years, 5-8 years old 0.2 ~ O.3 mg, 0.3 to 8 to 12 years old 0.5 mg. 1 day, intramuscular injection. Side effects and toxicity: Few side effects generally believed, especially gastrointestinal reactions occur more rarely. With 65 cases in small doses, only one case because of the injection speed is too fast, the heart rate after injection of 71 beats / min to 118 beats / min; 1 case Bigeminy, continued without stopping injection, results After the injection of two hours and a half suddenly collapsed, systemic cyanosis, weak pulse, and finally death. In 42 cases with large doses, there are a small number of dizziness, irregular heartbeat, electrocardiogram are proven ventricular contractions before (including three cases before the multi-derived ventricular contractions, while two cases of atrial fibrillation, a patients while atrioventricular block); arrhythmias generally occur (the earliest of the total 0.5 mg total dose of 1.5 mg in when, at the latest when the total amount of 3 mg), in the opinion of the severity of myocardial damage , whereas the accumulation of the dose had no significant relationship. But another reported 58 cases of adult and 78 pediatric patients, the use of the process, no significant side effects. According to reports, croissants bend glycosides mainly for acute heart failure, can not be applied to the following conditions: (i) epicardial disease, toxic myocardial injury such as diphtheria, rheumatic fever, heart, thyrotoxicosis, syphilis caused failure. (Ii) shock and acute infectious cycle caused by failure. (Iii) Acute and subacute endocarditis.
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Version two horns bend Zi
[Source] 1 From the "Guangxi Chinese Medicine Chi" ("Chinese Dictionary"), "Chinese medicine plant Chi" ("Chinese medicine sea"). 2 "South Main Poisonous Plants": croissants bend, sap, leaves, roots and seeds are poisonous. Symptoms of poisoning: first headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, irritability, say nonsense. Subsequent cold extremities and sweat, pallor, irregular pulse, dilated pupils, is not sensitive to light, then convulsions, coma, cardiac arrest and death. Rescue method: If not spit poison can induce vomiting, gastric lavage, middle and late can be cathartic; serving egg white, vitamin C; lot of drinking tea; intramuscular A [Pinyin] Yánɡ Jiǎo Niù Zǐ [Source] Medicine source: as oleander plants croissants bend seeds. Latin name of the plant and animal fossil: Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. Et Arn. [Pergularis divarcata Lour. ] Harvesting and storage: autumn and winter harvest ripe fruit uncracked (anti-split fruit, seeds fly away), sun remove the seeds, remove the filamentous white hair and dried. [Original] shape shrub or vine, erect, up to 2m. Bald net, and more creeping branches, fold the milk out of there. Twigs are usually brown. Densely gray lenticels. Leaves opposite, with a short handle; leaves thick paper, oval or oblong, 4-10cm, width of 2-4cm, apex shortly becoming head or acute, base cuneate, margin entire; lateral veins on each side usually 6 bar, oblique twist rose leaf margin before net knot. Large flower-shaped, yellowish-white, apical or three flowers Hopson was cymes; pedicels slender, about 1cm; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate; calyx sepals 5, lanceolate, apex long acuminate, green or yellow-green, the inner surface of the base of the gland; corolla yellow, funnel-shaped, pale yellow corolla tube, about 1.2cm, the upper 5 lobed, lobes lanceolate base, apex caudate linear, up to 10cm, lobes Corona the mask by a tongue-scale consisting of 10 white yellow scales every two base; stamens 5, included, anthers arrow, base with ears, dry stigma attached to the drug, filaments fusiform, pubescent ; ovary of 2 distinct carpels, half lower, cylindrical style, stigma clavate, apex lobed. Follicles wood, double the expansion, long-lanceolate, about 10-15cm, very thick, dry black, with longitudinal stripes; seed spindle and flat, tapering and extended into the upper beak, beak up to 2cm, filamentous species whorled white hair, shiny, long 2.5-3cm. Flowering from March to July, fruiting June to February. [Distribution] habitat Ecological environment: hillslopes or jungle. Resource Distribution: Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. [Character] Identification of seed traits Chengbian fusiform, about 2cm, width 5mm, base obtuse, apex acute, top left traces of white filamentous hairy. Tapering to extend into the upper beak, beak nearly a raised ridge on one side to the middle of the seed coat. Surface brown, wrinkled, slightly distorted. Brittle, easily broken, section visible white seeds, rich oil. Gas micro, bitter, big drug. Plump seeds, color brown; seeds white, rich oil is preferred. [Chemical composition] Parts of the plant contain claw bend cardiac glycoside composition, with the highest content of seeds. According to the polarity of cardiac glycosides, saponins can be divided and weak lipophilic lipophilic glycosides categories. Lipophilic saponin glycosides have croissants bend (divaricoside), croissants bend different glycosides (divostroside), φ-test polyglycosidium (φ-caudoside), φ-test multiple different glycosides (φ-caudostro-side), Casino glycosides (sinoside) , iso Casino glycosides (sinostroside), Samut glycosides (sarmu-toside); weak lipophilic glycosides toxic hair bindweed glycosides (strophanthin) DI, strophanthin glycosides (strophanthin) D-Ⅲ and strophanthin glycosides ( strophanthin) D-Ⅱ. Salmonella can be divided according to aglycone aglycone (sarmentogenin, C23H34O5), Samut aglycone (sarmutogenin, C23H32O6), Casino aglycone (sinogenin, C23H32O6) and other three groups. Strophanthus bend hair bindweed seeds toxic glycosides (strophanthin) G that wow Pakistan due to (ouabain), Salmonella glycosides (sarmentoside) A, D, E, Bi flat multi-glycosides (bipindoside) and so on. Curare poison claw hair bindweed seeds bend glycosides (strophanthoside) K, the Canadian hemp glycosides (cymarol), Periploca Canada Matang glycosides (periplocymarin), Canadian hemp glycosides (cymarin) and Canadian hemp acid (cymarylic acid) [4 , 5]. Pharmacological effects 1 The role of cardiac glycosides mixed horns bend (Divasidum) make cold-blooded, warm-blooded animals to strengthen heart contractions, heart rate, conduction block; of chloral hydrate, sodium pentobarbital, sodium cyanide, dinitramide phenol group of heart failure caused by a therapeutic effect, not only enhance myocardial contractility, and the output volume increased venous pressure drop caused by the failure of iodoacetate invalid. Its cardiac effects similar to poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides K, but weaker and lasting. Which contained pure glycosides (D-glucoside strophanthin - Ⅰ) cardiac effects have been confirmed. The impact of mixed glycosides claw bend ECG, cardiac glycosides and general similar. Effect on coronary generally less affected by the dose, poisoning is to make a significant amount of shrinkage, in case of severe coronary artery disease patients in clinical application, should be noted. 2 absorption, absorption is slow and not very regular accumulation and elimination of the gastrointestinal tract, absorption of up to 4,5 hours after administration, croissants mixed glycosides accumulation bend low, 5 days has been no accumulation. Liver plays a role in the detoxification. Its body destroyed in less poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides G slightly slower, the elimination rate of 0.006mg/kg / hour. 3 biological potency croissants bend mixed glycosides toxic than poisonous hairs about small spin Hanako glycosides G 1/2, its therapeutic index and a safe range is slightly narrower, but the clinical point of view, the width of the therapeutic dose (effective dose and toxicity dose spacing), than the latter is wide. Each batch of croissants bend mixed glycosides, due to the different extraction methods and other reasons, there may be differences in biological potency. Thus, a standard method must be _select_ed for examination. Pigeon test method has been proposed method is superior than the cat. 4 Other effects 4.1 sedation: mixed glycosides claw bend slightly with sedation. 4.2 diuretic effect: normal anesthetized dogs and rats showed a diuretic effect. 4.3 of smooth muscle: in vitro rabbit in the body of the uterus and uterine fistula experiments prove that it is similar with the poisonous hairs spin Hanako glycosides K, uterine stimulant effect; increase the tension on the isolated intestine and sports. [Taste bitter; cold; big drug [] To the heart; liver [Indications] Qufengtongluo; insecticide detoxification. Lord Fengshibitong; polio sequelae; bruises; carbuncles; scabies Topical Dosage: amount, pound deposited; or transfer deposited into powder. [With square 1. Governance scabies party ("Experience Party"), the amount of child claw bend pound deposited. 2. Rule bruises party ("Experience Party"), croissants bend son, with wine transfer apply. [Treatise] 1 "medicine science": There is a strong heart. Governance hardening of the arteries, can strengthen heart contractions. 2 "Guangxi Plants": strong heart swelling, itching insecticide. External governance bruises, ringworm scabies, rheumatism, polio sequelae, multiple abscesses, snakebite, fractures, wart. [Excerpt] "Chinese Materia Medica"