Jordan (Arabic: الأردنّ al-ʾUrdunn), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in Western Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba. Jordan shares borders with Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Saudi Arabia to the east and south, the Gulf of Aqaba to the southwest, and Palestine and Israel to the west. It shares control of the Dead Sea with Israel. Much of Jordan is covered by desert, particularly the Arabian Desert. However, the north-western area of Jordan, with the Jordan River, is regarded as part of the Ancient Fertile Crescent. The capital city of Amman is in the northwestern part of the country, not far from the Jordan River.
During its history, Jordan has seen numerous civilizations, including such ancient eastern ones as the Canaanite and later other Semitic peoples such as the Edomites, and the Moabites. Other civilizations possessing political sovereignty and influence in Jordan were: Akkadian, Assyrian, Judean, Babylonian, and Persian empires. Jordan was for a time part of Pharaonic Egypt, the Hasmonean Dynasty of the Maccabees, and also spawned the native Nabatean civilization which left rich archaeological remains at Petra. Cultures from the west also left their mark, such as the Macedonian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Turkish empires. Since the seventh century the area has been under Muslim and Arab cultures, with the exception of a brief period when the west of the area formed part of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and a short time under British rule.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with representative government. The reigning monarch is the head of state, the chief executive and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The king exercises his executive authority through the prime ministers and the Council of Ministers, or cabinet. The cabinet, meanwhile, is responsible before the democratically elected House of Deputies which, along with the House of Notables (Senate), constitutes the legislative branch of the government. The judicial branch is an independent branch of the government.
Jordan is a modern Arab nation with a predominantly middle class population that lacks the vast wealth of some of its neighbors. Jordan's population is 92% Sunni Muslim with a small Christian minority. Jordanian society is predominantly urbanized and very ethnically diverse. Jordan is classified as an emerging market by the CIA World Fact Book. Jordan is a pro-Western regime that has very close relations with the West especially with the United States, the United Kingdom and France. Jordan became a major non-NATO ally in 1996. Jordan is one of only two Arab nations, the other being Egypt, that has diplomatic relations with Israel. It is a founding member of the Arab League and the CAEU, a member of the OIC, the WTO, the AFESD, the Arab Parliament, the AIDMO, the AMF, the IMF, the International Criminal Court, the UNHRC, the GAFTA, the ESCWA, the ENP and the United Nations. Jordan is also currently undergoing close integration with the European Union and the Gulf Cooperation Council. Jordan expects to receive "advanced status" with the EU by 2011.
West Asian countries. Southwest corner of the Red Sea's Gulf of Aqaba. Area 9 62 million square kilometers. Population of 413 9 million (1995). Amman. Climate hot and dry throughout most of the desert. Economic pillar for the remittances, re-export trade and tourism. Phosphate production and exports highest in the world.
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Travel
约旦 旅游
Jordan Best Travel Time: Amman, and the western mountainous subtropical Mediterranean climate, mild climate. Average temperature in January is 7-14 ℃, 7 month 26-33 ℃. Jordan Valley and the southern, eastern continental climate, low rainfall. One year to 10 months to May the following year was more seasonal rainfall, but also the tourist season, June to September and drier. Larger temperature difference between day and night, winter coats to bring the summer but also with a thin coat. Folk Festivals in Jordan: Muhammad ascended to heaven Date: March 5 Eid al-Fitr: May 7 Independence Day: May 25 Sacrifice: July 14 Islamic New Year: August 4 King Hussein, Inauguration Day: August 11 Muhammad's Birthday: October 13 King Hussein of birth: November 14 Jordan reminded: 1, visitors to Jordan, lightly armed civilian clothes to wear in summer, winter sweater on it. For entertainment, the best men for suits. Jordan is a relatively open, but after all, belongs to an Islamic country, or to comply with basic principles, such as not to wear exposure; do not rashly advised to drink; without permission not to take pictures of women wearing national costumes; avoid discussing religious issues, unless you yourself are Muslim; Do not say "pig", of course, and certainly not in the restaurant point of pork! Avoid yellow because the yellow symbol of death. 2 travel during Ramadan should be careful not to face the people during the day eating and drinking, we should not smoke. If your local dinner or tea, can only be invited after the sun_set_. 3, the Jordanians do not drink, so taboo to wine as a gift, they talk about Middle East political and religious taboo, and women's rights and other topics. Prohibition of child touch someone else's head, hands barber barber, you must first recite a few lines of Scripture. According to traffic rules, not allowed to honk. 4, Voltage: 50 Hz, 220/380 volts, 13-phase, three Hole Circle plug plug specifications. 5 tips to taxi drivers usually accounts for 10% of the fare; restaurant to the waiter's tip is 15%, but some restaurants, tips included in the bill; hotel waiter's tip is 10%, while the general baggage handling tips by the piece to. 6, Chinese tourists to travel to Jordan to ground sign, but in practice the existence of uncertainty, so if there is no emergency to the Jordanian Embassy in the best visa in advance. Indicate the need to provide visas and residence time of the purpose of the visit notes, letters or invitations, fill in a visa application form, submitted photo. Jordan generally paid for three months effective, single-entry visa. Jordan, more stringent review of single women in the country ahead of visa, the embassy reported that the Jordanian Interior Ministry must first approve; in the process of landing visa, granted only with accompanying male family members accompany or join a travel agent women. Long as it is to travel near the border, we must remember to bring passport, the police check at any time. Exit 5jd to pay departure tax, but may have purchased tickets include this fee. Jordanian hospitality visitors may be invited to appear on the home, in which case you can graciously accepted, as long as careful not to make rude and violations of taboo things on it. Before dinner and after dinner should wash their hands carefully with water, men and women to separate the meal, after dinner we were sitting together drinking coffee, playing musical instruments and singing, on the hospitality of the Jordanians, let the guests happy is the most important thing. The order of Jordanians eat appetizers, main course, dessert, coffee or tea. Appetizers: a variety of appetizers referred to as "Meizha." Most restaurants will give guests the appetizer, appetizers are very rich, many people do not point dinner, so only eating appetizers the waiter will ask whether the point after the meal. Appetizers usually include: khobs or eish: Arab bread; hummus: adding sesame paste, lemon juice chickpea curry and soup; babaghanoush: one kind of paste made of eggs and sesame paste; foulmedamess: curry, lemon juice, fennel brown and olive oil fried beans; kibbemaqliya: fried meatballs; fattayer and sambusek: meat pies; tabouleh: salad, with celery, tomatoes, onions, mint and lemon juice. Main course: mansaf: Jordan's "national dish", the characteristics of Bedouin food, is a form of hand pilaf, rice and pine nuts in the spread of lamb, then topped with cheese sauce, and eat when the bag up with a Thin ; kebabs: charcoal barbecue, you can choose boneless chicken, lamb or beef, or spicy lamb; farooj: roast chicken, usually bread and salad to eat together. Sweets: Jordanians have a sweet tooth, variety, and many of them as souvenirs to take home your family and friends enjoy. baklawa: pine nuts and sugar wrapped in thin pancake; kunafeh: pine nuts or cheese wrapped in dough; atayef: Ramadan sweets, a small fried cookies; ma'moul: After the pine nuts and rose water coconut dough date ; mohallabiya: milk pudding; sahlab: a hot milk drink. Drink: Tea: the Jordanians as a part of life tea, tea is usually very sweet, is a way to supplement the heat, and some fresh mint tea. In fact, Jordan does not produce tea, black tea drink, mostly from local people in Sri Lanka. Coffee: Coffee is an important tool to be friendly, in a small shop, guests are often asked to respect the boss door, a cup of coffee. Arabic coffee with cardamom often, rich in flavor. Turkish coffee which is likely to have grain, do not drink big mouth faster. If you do not want to drink, on the left and right hands the cup to the owner, or owners will continue to fill. Wine: According to Islamic teachings, any "Hamler", that is what makes the mind dizzy, have banned, including of course the wine included, so some of the Muslim doctrine of strict compliance is not drinking any time, in particular, is alcohol. So do the domestic habits, in order to express affection and to persuade local people to drink. But apart from Ramadan, Jordan most of the hotels and bars to serve alcohol beverages, non-Muslims during Ramadan can also drink wine in a large hotel. Snacks: shawarma: you can call it "Arab sandwich" bread and meat of cattle and sheep; falafel: the face is a fried pills, raw materials are chickpeas, onion, celery and pepper. Note: In Islam, during Ramadan, from sunrise to sun_set_ you can not eat, the restaurant is not open for business. If you happen to Jordan during Ramadan, we might do as the Romans. Shopping Jordan: Jordan hand-crafts the traditional implication of the skilled, and stretches for thousands of years of folk art, can be found in each region a unique travel souvenirs. Jordan's most popular arts and crafts including hand woven carpets, colored sand bottles, Bedouin jewelry, Palestinian pottery, glassware Hebron, Dead Sea Mud skin care products are so refined. Shopping in Jordan store, usually the owner will send a door for a cup of tea or coffee, so you immediately feel at home. Hours 9:00 am-13 :30,15:00-18: 00, some stores will extend hours to 8:00-20:00; Friday is a rest day the local, only open-air market is open; Ramadan, Opening hours will be shorter. Jordan Transportation: Aviation: Royal Jordanian Airlines has 50 international routes. Main airports: Amman Ali Ya Queen International Airport, Amman Civil Airport (Marka Airport), Aqaba International Airport. Navigation: Located in southern Jordan, the northern Red Sea port of Aqaba the only port in Jordan and distribution center for import and export trade, there are 29 fixed routes, leading to the addition to the West African coast and the west coast of South America, over 200 port. Road: Road is the most important mode of transport in Jordan, has been basically completed the urban and rural road network of communication, the international road network with Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel and other countries connected. "King's highway (Wang)" has 5,000 years of history, is an important tourist route, Madaba, Karak, Sabac, Petra and other famous historical sites are on this road, the road itself is an important landscape in Jordan . Rail: In Jordan, there is no passenger train in addition to Xi Guzi railway. Xi Guzi twice a week between the railway and between Amman and Damascus, Amman, driving time is 8 am Monday and Thursday. Coach: Jordan's coach does not a timetable, are people full of drive. To the large cities there are buses and minibuses cars, minibuses will be faster obviously driving, the price is cheaper. Do not put packages occupy seats, rude, and received a seat will be more money. Taxi: Taxis are not expensive in Jordan, even if the car is also more cost-effective long-distance travel bag. White taxi along fixed routes, can be more than a ride, cost-sharing can also be half-way on and off; yellow cab is no fixed route. Although taxi odometer, but the general habit of the night and long-distance consultations car prices. Most taxi drivers can speak English, but also more friendly and offer the driver if they are arbitrary, may be justly denied. Traveling by car: more perfect road network in Jordan, as well as specific guidance brown tourist signs, so self-driving tour of Jordan is relatively easy. Jordan has many car rental companies, hotels have car rental services, driving license more than one year in Jordan can be effective domestic use. Note that: First, Jordan is left-country driver's seat in the right hand side; Second, should fill up before a long journey, and pay attention along the way add. Camping: the tourism sector has designated camping sites, but basically no facilities; government-licensed venues include the beach north of Aqaba, Dubin dibbin national parks, camping Dana Nature Reserve, in the government-run "halfway House "(resthouses) next to the camp also. Passengers can also choose to just outside the outskirts of the Bedouin camp (bedouincamp) night, where you can enjoy tea, coffee and Bedouin Arab food. Even if the summer camp also need sleeping bags or blankets, winter temperature is below zero, do not try. Independence Day: May 25 (1946) National Day: May 25 (1946) Location: Located in western Asia, is the Arab part of the plateau. South to the Red Sea, north of the border with Syria, northeast border with Iraq, southeastern and southern neighbor of Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Israel, with the adjoining West is basically a landlocked country, the Gulf of Aqaba is the only access to the sea. Area: 96,188 km2 Population: 4.58 million Language: Arabic is the language, but English Religion: 92% of the residents believe in Islam, is a Sunni; about 6% Christian, mainly Greek Orthodox Church. Capital: Amman (amman) Currency: Jordanian Dinar (jd) Flower: Black Kite flowers Time difference: 6 hours later than Beijing Telephone Country Code: 962 Administrative divisions: 12 provinces, the country is divided into: Amman Province, Irbid province, Ma'an province, Zarqa province, Baile Jia Province, groom La province, Karak Province, Ibrid province, Made Ba Province , Jerash province of Aqaba province, Aji Long province. Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is short, is a long history of civilization, from time immemorial to cast a veil of mystery. Although located in the center of the storm, Jordan has with its foreign policy as a flexible paradise of peace. Deep in the desert kingdom, the Roman Empire, Arab Empire, the Crusades, the Ottoman Empire, and so have left their footprints; charming mountain scenery of the capital Amman, Petra mysterious "cave", Gerald even the magnificent Roman theater, A Jielang heavily guarded castle, has its own ancient weathering; but Jordan's most famous attractions, or to be "unsinkable sea," the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is an inland saltwater lake, the lake 392 meters below sea level, is the lowest point of the earth's surface. Large amount of sea salt as people lying on top of reading, sleep will not sink. Dead Sea water for arthritis, rheumatism have some effect, the natural Dead Sea black mud is the world-famous beauty products, to provide raw materials for many brands of cosmetics. Do not think that most of the land covered by desert, Jordan is a desert. In such a small territory, the distribution of four vegetation zones, has been found 2,000 species of plants, with Germany rather; the desert, though not fit for human habitation, but it is an ideal habitat for many wild animals, the more many of them In Jordan there are only rare species found. Red desert, steep canyons, the magic of nature reserves attract people to go search odd Range Rover. Physical Geography: Area 96,188 square kilometers, is located in the western Asia, is the Arab part of the plateau. South to the Red Sea, north of the border with Syria, northeast border with Iraq, southeastern and southern neighbor of Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Israel, with the adjoining West is basically a landlocked country, the Gulf of Aqaba is the only access to the sea. Lying west to east. More mountainous western, eastern and southeastern desert. Desert, the country's total area of 80% or more. Into the Jordan River flows through the western Dead Sea. Dead Sea is a saltwater lake, the lake 392 meters below sea level, the lowest point for the world's land. Western mountain climate is subtropical Mediterranean. About 1948 upon the expiry of the British after the British forced outside the Jordanian signed a 20-year British "Treaty of Alliance." May 1948, the first Arab-Israeli war in the occupied West Bank, about 4800 square kilometers of land. April 1950, the West Bank and east known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan combined. Physical Geography: Area 96,188 square kilometers, is located in Western Asia, an Arab part of the plateau. South to the Red Sea, north of the border with Syria, northeast border with Iraq, southeastern and southern neighbor of Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Israel, with the adjoining West is basically a landlocked country, the Gulf of Aqaba is the only access to the sea. Lying west to east. More mountainous western, eastern and southeastern desert. Desert, the country's total area of 80% or more. Into the Jordan River flows through the western Dead Sea. Dead Sea is a saltwater lake, the lake 392 meters below sea level, the lowest point for the world's land. Western mountain climate is subtropical Mediterranean. History: Jordan was originally part of Palestine. The first city built in the 13th century BC. Has been the Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian and Macedonian rule. Is a 7th century Arab empire. Vesting the 16th century Ottoman Empire. After World War I became the British Mandate land. In 1921, the United Kingdom to the West boundary, the partition of Palestine into two parts, the western is still called Palestine, Transjordan, said the east. King Hussein of Hejaz before the establishment of the second son of Abdullah of Transjordan Emirate Emirates. February 1928, the United Kingdom of Jordan signed with the outside of the United Kingdom about a 20-year agreement. March 22, 1946 the British were forced to recognize the independence of Transjordan, the same year on May 25, Abdullah ascended the throne as the king (Emile), the country called the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. About 1948 upon the expiry of the British after the British forced outside the Jordanian signed a 20-year British "Treaty of Alliance." May 1948, the first Arab-Israeli war in the occupied West Bank, about 4800 square kilometers of land. April 1950, the West Bank and east known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan combined.
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Jordan Folk Festivals
约旦民俗节庆活动
Folk Festivals in Jordan: Muhammad ascended to heaven on March 5 Eid May 7 Independence Day May 25 Sacrifice July 14 King Hussein, Inauguration Day August 11 Islamic New Year, August 4 Muhammad's Birthday October 13 King Hussein, birthday November 14 Traditional customs: Jordan, dress to suit as the representative of both the modern costumes, robes and other ethnic costumes again. Rural people like to wear color, pattern, shape, sleeves of different short robe and cloak, his head wrapped scarf. Bedouin men of "Abba", while women wearing black, brown or black and white, loose fitting blue cloak, the hem to wear a long dress with various sterling silver jewelry. Modern urban clothing trends. Foreigners to Jordan, lightly armed civilian clothes to wear in summer, winter sweater on it. For entertainment, the best men for suits. Jordan will eat breakfast, "stew beans", cheese, lactic acid casein and so on. , Dinner main eating vegetables, fruits, Jordan dishes, "Mansha Fu," appetizer "Mize," and so on. Coffee is the main beverage Jordanians, but also a sign of their hospitality. Jordan reminded: Taboo: Jordan is the Arab countries, some of the taboos of Islam in Jordan must comply. In color, the Jordanians avoid yellow, that yellow symbolizes death. Alcoholic Prohibition, although some relaxation, but still do not drink in public as well. Avoid photography for women, women dress to be solemn. Etiquette: In Jordan, tipping is not common. To tip taxi drivers usually accounts for 10% of the fare; restaurant to the waiter's tip is 15%. However, some restaurants, tips included in the bill. Then do not give the waiter a tip. Hotel waiter tip is 10%, while the general luggage piece to the tip. Population: 429 million Capital: Amman Area: 92,300 km2 Language: Arabic Currency: Dinar Religion: Islam Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is short, is a long history of civilization, from time immemorial to cast a veil of mystery. In the deep desert country and cultural heritage will be everywhere, and customs unique charm. Population of 2.87 million, the vast majority of Arab residents (of which two-thirds of the Palestinian people). 90% of the residents believe in Islam, Sunni Islam its state religion. Islam in Jordan's political and social life greatly. Constitution, the King must be Muslims. Christians of the total population of Jordan is 8 ~ 9%. Most of them live in large cities in the West Bank. Jordan's national language is Arabic. Proficient English speakers, only government officials, private business executives. Street shops and taxis are mainly in Arabic. Amman (amman), one of the famous ancient city in West Asia, there are international airports. Jordan is the Arab part of a large plateau. Throughout most of the region is arid desert plateau. In addition to over ten thousand square kilometers on both sides of the Jordan River was _set_tled in, the rest of over eighty thousand square kilometers, almost entirely uninhabited desert. Jordan, hot weather, drought, and sunny weather, has a continental climate. Jordan founded on agriculture, although the oil-rich Middle East, but Jordan is not oil production. Jordan River valley south of the Dead Sea, is a world famous large saltwater lake, covering an area about 930 square kilometers, is a miracle of nature. Dead Sea salt is the world's highest lakes. Jordanian business practices in the morning to work until the end of the afternoon 1 o'clock in the afternoon from 3:00 early start, late start until 4:00, to 5:30 or 6:00 to the end. By Jordan Business Etiquette, business dress shirt with tie is appropriate to. Jordan is a member of the Arab world, it is easy to think that the hot weather here, but due to local humidity is low, people will come to visit with one voice to say: "I did not expect was not hot." Winter access, Yichuan conservative style suit. Business activities should be contracted in advance, similar to other Middle East countries, local businessmen do not make very good time. Was invited to dinner before I go to a bit late, dinner and more around the 21 to 22 started, drag the end time is not unusual early in the morning. Sales approach to be lowered, and the best about each other to the coffee shop trying to separate business meetings, recruited a large number of people to avoid each other, interference endlessly. Jordan quote is appropriate currency (j · dinar) reported cif price, and avoid the reported fob price. Should be held with business cards printed in Arabic. Jordanians invite you to visit cafes and rest, if you refuse, will be considered humiliating each other. Business people in Jordan was invited to dinner, the total are all men, waiters are invariably men. Remember to bring a gift to each other, but not to each other's wife. Conversation to avoid mentioning the other's wife and children. Do not touch or hold her little girl's head, with the upper contact or intellectual women, and only when they take the initiative to reach out to shake hands with them gently, and the lower contact of women can not take the initiative to say hello. To avoid taking pictures of women dressed in national costumes. Arabs, Islam is very religious, they are to the Koran as the supreme code, all of life, legal, economic activities are thus as the criterion. With their contacts in, do not use pigs, Star of David pattern of advertising. No mention of Israel, do not talk about the Middle East and Jordan to accept foreign aid to do. To visit this place. Stop smoking wine. In accordance with the Jordanian traffic regulations, driving in the city's streets, is strictly prohibited random horn, but the wedding other than floats. To Jordan, the best in November to next April before the visit. To avoid the Christmas, Easter, and before and after the holy month of ramadan, holidays from year to year, divided by the Friday of the Islamic holiday, the year many festivals, but the main two, namely, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha . A la carte restaurant in the Arab, the amount must not eat, the best point of twelve dishes, dining in the hotel's restaurant, which is more suitable for Asian tastes. Unsafe drinking water, best to avoid drinking unboiled water. A mineral water drinking. Customs duty free 200 cigarettes or 25 cigars or half a pound of tobacco; wine bottle, a limit of one carry Jordanian border currency 100dinars. Open foreign currency, to declare the amount can be carried back out of customs. Taxi is very convenient, according to the meter fare calculation, not only cheap, vehicles and more. Taxi tip 10%. The hotel has 10% of the bill tip within the subject, but the best is still to pay another 10% tip. Each 100files tips to other services.
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