Thinking bamboo (i.glabrata cdchu et cschao)
Distribution: This species is only found in Guangxi Shangsi Shiwandashan Mountains.
Kinds of Chinese name: Bamboo abacus
Latin species name: indosasa glabrata chu et chao
Kinds of aliases:
Section Chinese name: grass
Kela Ding Name: gramineae
Is a Chinese name: Bamboo is a Great Day
Is a Latin name: indosasa
Domestic distribution: production in Guangxi in southern mountains. Born more open hillside or hilltop. Specimens collected from Guangxi Shangsi County Shiwandashan North Slope.
Name origin: [acta phytotax. Sin. 21 (1): 64.f.1. 1983]
Flora of China: 9 (1): 210
Subfamily Chinese name: Phyllostachys subfamily
Subtribe Latin name: phyllostachydinae
Chinese family name: Japanese bamboo family
Latin family name: shibataeeae
Super Family Chinese name: Bamboo super family
Super Family Latin name: bambusatae
Subfamily Chinese name: Bambusoideae
Subfamily Latin name: bambusoideae nees
Present Chinese name: Wo the head
Mesh Latin name: graminales (poales)
Link Chinese name: Dicotyledon
Gang Latin name: monocotyledoneae
Door Chinese name: angiosperms door
Door Latin name: angiospermae
Distribution of origin: production in Guangxi in southern mountains. Born more open hillside or hilltop. Specimens collected from Guangxi Shangsi County Shiwandashan North Slope.
References: indosasaglabratac. d. chuetc. s. chaoinact. phytotax. sin. 21 (1): 64. f. 1.1983.
This is an overview: mcclureinlingnanuniv. sci.bull. no. 9:28.1940. Tree-like bamboo. Rhizome axis type. Upright pole; section between the branching of the side in a trench, which is half as long or longer between sections, medullary pole is somewhat spongy crumb-like or not like to Dimo; pole bud solitary, the central pole is usually sub-3 per session, the middle branches on both sides were a little rough; pole ring or even moderate uplift uplift. Sheaths sheath deciduous, coriaceous or thin coriaceous, often the back of a small bristle, and more without spots; sheath pieces large, triangular or triangular-lanceolate, thin as a ribbon lanceolate, erect or out. Leaves usually large, small transverse veins evident, was the box-shaped. Flowers and branches because of repeated or gross cylindrical cone-shaped, and its branches with leaves or without leaves; leave chunky or slender spike, often clustered in a 1-3 gold leaf sprig of lower sections, even to a single Born in branches with leaves on top of the false lateral spikelet sessile, at base of leaf 1 and 0-8 tablets before gradually increasing and eventually become similar to the bracts and Ying, all or part of a bud axillary bud, or sprouting buds long for a secondary false spike; spikelets with multiple florets, the lower 1-4 flowers sometimes infertility, but remain stunted palea and flower parts; Ying 0 - number of pieces, and shell chip similar; lemma is big and wide, with more veins; palea narrow, such as its length or shorter lemma, apex obtuse, not crack missing, the back with 2 ridge; scale is 3, nearly equal to each other; stamens 6 , filament mutual separation; ovary oblong or fusiform, style short, stigma 3 crack, feathery. Caryopsis ovate elliptic, apex with the style base persistent from one bill. Shoots of spring to summer. Type species: large section of bamboo indosasacrassifloramcclure, originating in northern Vietnam. The genus of about 15 species, distributed in eastern and southern Asia, China, 13 species are known, producing Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. Bamboo is a large section of bamboo is sinobambusamakinoexnakai Tang is very close relatives, the two are both in terms of vegetative and reproductive organs are very similar to those who are different, Tang Bamboo is merely three stamens per flower, which was the larger section of bamboo is to evolution.
Subfamily Overview: keng f. in journ. bamb. res. 11 (1): 24.1992. Each section of the central pole with a pole only buds; stamens 3-6 pieces. Model is: Phyllostachys phyllostachys sieb. et zucc. This subfamily includes five genera, are distributed in East Asia, in addition to yin and yang Phyllostachys hibanobambus maruyama et e. kamura the so-called natural hybridization is (sasa × semiarundinaria) limited production in Japan, China has a large section of bamboo is indosasa mcclure, Tang Bamboo is sinobambusa makino, short spike is brachystachyum keng and bamboo Phyllostachys phyllostachys sieb. et zucc. 4 genera.
Overview of the family: underground stems or re-shaft axis, a real whip. The section between the pole and the branches are cylindrical or have branches in the side of the section between the lower part of the flat or a significant number of grooves, sometimes the lower pole section can be slightly between the four prism (for example, is a chi-monobambusamakino of Han Zhu Some species) or between branches of the section for the three prism (such as Japanese bamboo is shibataeamaki-no type); pole section with a single bud or side by side 2 or 3 buds, after 1-3 minutes per session, number of branches or sticks. Most early fall pole sheath (Hanzhu are certain kinds of places can be stored). Leaves often with a significant small cross vein. Squid simple unbranched, or branched and was always like or cone-shaped, have called sprig mixed with false spikelet on health in the same section, the base has a first number of leaves and bracts 0; off to a spikelet to a few pieces of raw squid in the shortened final stage of the sections of the bracts (or spathe) axillary, the leaves can also be directly born with a sprig of lower sections, or even one born in Acremonium, which side of the raw No spikelet stalk, and the top places sprig at the top of the living room act as the handle that part of section; the base of each spikelet and 1 false-first-out leaves and 0-8 bract, which is within all or part of the axillary Health and latent buds or buds from which the secondary false spikelets; number of spikelets with flowers flowers flowers up, top-shaped flowers small and infertile, and sometimes also the base of floret sterility and on the outer lemma There dysplasia endogenous small palea and similar bud-like flowers of the other part; Ying Ying 1-3, or sometimes no; even coriaceous lemma membranous, often sharply pointed tip, with many veins, may have small cross-vein; palea with two ridges; scales are generally three; stamens (2) 3, diluted to 4-6, thin filament-shaped, separated from each other; ovary glabrous, sometimes showing stalk-like base, style and stigmas 1-3. Mostly caryopsis fruit, meat and fruit thinning may be in dry form was nuts (such as Han Zhu is chimonobambusamakino and Qiongzhu is qingzhueahsuehetyi so). Mode are: Japanese bamboo is shibataeamakinoexnakai. The family are now known to include 9 genera, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of East Asia, but also a few species produced in the subtropical (large section of bamboo is indosasamcclure) and the alpine mountains (Hanzhu is, Qiongzhu is). China has more than 8 are 100, according to the central pole of each pole section is divided into the following number of buds 2 subfamily.
Subfamily Description: woody plants, the body contained sio2 up to 70%, often shrub-like tree or. Pole and the branches of the section can be students at all levels of 1 to several buds, buds and then later into the branches, thus forming a complex branching system; underground stem (rhizome) are also quite well-developed and lignified (meaning they grow in terms of plant), or a cross walk on the ground in Rhizome [This is the single-axis type (monopodium), because of the Rhizome small diameter than the pole, is also known as thin-type (1eptomorph)], or the number of pole (culm-base) and pole handle (culmneck) both together and become a single cluster heap [which means that the shaft (sympodium) or coarse (pachymorph)], a section of the handle pole without buds, roots are usually not on it, it works to extend the time longer , called the fake whip (pseudorhizome), then the ground rod was more sparse and thin scattered cluster, such as with both of these two types of underground stem, is called re-shaft type (amphipodium), its natural for multi-pole ground plexus nature; new growth pole has a special way, that is, from underground stems (Rhizome or pole base) shoots up unearthed from Xinmiao [commonly known as the shoot)), it was originally a short period of time without branching. Type II leaves, stems and leaves are divided leaves and nutrition; stem and leaf solitary and large branches of the pole sections, corresponding to known rod-sheath (culm-sheath), branch sheath (branehsheath), they have quite developed than the thin sheath sheath and the sheath without significant piece in the vein, the link between the two at the surface also gave birth to the axis of the tongue sheath, in addition to sheath and the sheath mouth Sui ear hair fairly frequently there, but absolutely no film sheath handle; feeding leaves two alternate rows in the final stage in the branch line branches (often called a leaf sprig) in all sections, and the formation of a similar compound leaf form of the same side, the sheath often overlapped each other, each wrapping, sheath also gave birth to the tongue leaves the top, leaf sheath and ear hair and other appendages mouth flint, leaf with petiole, midrib very significant, sub-pulse and pulse again, always make clear, easy to see little or no cross veins, petiole short, in the leaf sheath tongue from the inside and outside the top two leaves pockets formed within the cup, because the base of a joint, it can thereafter leaves together with petiole detached from the sheath, and the sheath is retained longer in the branches. Flowering is not fixed, it usually takes very long (years, decades or even centuries or more), some kind of life only once flowering period, flowering can often continue for several months. There are two basic types of bamboo inflorescence, like the ordinary one for grass as plants with flowers on the part (in the grass, the customary order spikelet as a unit) can form various patterns of inflorescence, their development is once completed, is termed a single occurrence of inflorescence (semelauctantinflorescence), its the raw parts are in the vegetative plant parts at the top of a feeding leaves [that the flag leaf (flag leaf or the uppermost leaf)] above, rachis and its branches (including spikelet stalk) are usually solid, that the internal structure of the upper and lower uniform branch office (including spikelets handle the Health Department) no obvious section, even to a small flake-shaped bracts, The axillary bud is no, only sometimes with axillary branches pillow tumor (tubereule), referred to as true in the bamboo flowers (genuineinflorescence), so with another type that is false inflorescence (false inflorescence) corresponding to; the latter type of The basic structure is false spikelets (pseudospikelet), which is Born l pieces of spikelets very top formed by shortening of the small branches, and this addition to the base of the sprig inside out as usual with a first leaf, its upper leaves Ying-like organs are diminished or lemma was shaped bracts, and spikelets with the top students lumped together in appearance and similar "spikelets," but this is indeed a complex of structures, the bottom part of the twig part of the bracts are often small in axillary buds [bud at this time with the bracts called bracts (bud-subtending bract)], if the axillary bud development, you can grow into secondary false spikelet, which the buds may also be develop into other renewable false spikelet, so repeated, may eventually form into a ball fake spikelet cluster, which is followed by the growth and development at all levels of false spikelets formed, so that this false spikelet cluster of continued took place ( interauctant inflorescence), which the students in the vegetative shoot even the sections in the main pole to form a spike-like, cone-shaped or spherical-shaped head and other patterns of flowers, but their axis and branches are not specialized, still with no vegetative branches different, or there is a clear section and hollow sections, which is why some people often mistake this squid, known as the "inflorescence." At best flower spikelets with 1 floret; Ying l to the number of tablets or non-temporal, temporal, and spikelet sometimes lower than lemma sterile flowers collectively known as the transition Ying (transitional glumes), but within the sterile lemma often with varying degrees of degradation of floral organs and can be differentiated with the real Ying; lemma with (3) 5 as well as multi-pulse pulse, apex awnless or with a small tip, rarely can be short and straight with l Mountain such as thorns, and from not geniculate Mans; palea veins with 2 or more veins, back with two cylindrical arc without ridge or ridges, apex sometimes split or concave; scales are mostly three, or more rare to be no 6 or more pieces; stamens (2), 3-6, for the most dilute (for example, our group did not produce the core of bamboo is ochlandra thwait.) filaments from each other or are part of the Link, and even with each other into a tube or sheet and a single stamen (monadelphous stamen); pistil 1, style l-3, stigma (1) 2-3 or more thin, ovary oval, oblong or nearly spherical, and sometimes the base of shrinkage And as with-handle. There are various types of fruits, grains more common, easy to slice with the separation lemma, when the thin skin can be dry or fresh meat, sometimes a large master, than the ovary at this time is increased many times the original volume (for example, bamboo is melocanna pear trin.), hilum linear, and fruit with a few long, embryo small, mostly f + pp-type or slightly into other types, mostly single grain endosperm starch (such as pears, bamboo is available without endosperm). Chromosome number x = 12. Model is:? Phyllostachys bambusa retz. corr. schreb. (Nom.cons.) Mbosretz. (Nom.rej.) Bambusoideae (excluding China does not produce herbal bamboo) on the narrower sense, namely, about 1000 kinds of 70 are generally grown in tropical and subtropical, especially in monsoon areas and more prevalent, but There are also some types of areas can be distributed to the cold temperature and high altitude mountain top; Asia and Central and South America, the largest number of species, followed by Africa, North America and Oceania rarely, outside Europe, in addition to no wild bamboo cultivation. In the place of origin is usually associated with other plants, but also the formation of a pure group. In addition to introduction and cultivation of those outside our country, 37 are known to have more than 500 species, sub-scribe 6 family; their natural distribution restricted to the south of the Yangtze River and its provinces, a few species also extending north to the Qinling Mountains, the Han River and the Yellow River Basin throughout.
Undergraduate Overview: woody plants (bamboo and tall grasses also showed some woody-like), or herbs. The vast majority of the root type of fibrous roots. Stems mostly erect, but also the spread even as creeping vine-like, usually easier to give birth in the base of tillers (sucker or shoot), clearly has a general section (node) and the internode (internode) in two parts [stems often at the undergraduate special called stalk (culm); called in the bamboo pole, to show to distinguish those with grass; section between the hollow, often cylindrical, or a little flat, was born in the cavity of the inner pith attached, but also a full cavity between the envoys were solid; within a section have a diaphragm (diaphragm) exists, it is isolated from the outside to see scabbard ring (sheathnode) and in the sheath of the stalk above the ring (culmnode ) in two parts, the same section of the two rings can be described as the distance between the upper and lower section (intrahode), stalk bud that was born here. Leaves leaf alternate, often 1 / 2 phyllotaxy interaction arranged in two lines, usually divided into three parts: ① sheath (leafsheadth),. It wrapped the main stalk and branches between the sections, usually open, with its two edges overlapping coverage, or two edges of healing and become a closed cylinder, the sheath at the base of Shaoke enlargement; ② leaf tongue (ligule) in the sheath connected at the top and leaves the adaxial, usually low membranous sheet, or to replace the sheath mouth Sui hair, thin is not obvious even without leaves the tongue, the sides also in the top of each leaf sheath extending a prominent body, which leaves the ear (auricle), the edge of the everyday hair ③ cilia or flint blade (blade), often long and narrow strip, there are oblong, oval, ovate or lanceolate and other shapes, the base direct the students in the top leaf sheath, sessile few grasses and bamboo leaf could be a nutritional petiole (petiole)], leaves with the adaxial (upper surface) and abaxial (lower surface) of the two planes, without carrying out can be swept or dry form, there is a distinct midrib (midrib) and a number of parallel vertical long time pulse (sècondary veins), a small cross-vein (crossedveitilet) sometimes exist. Wind-pollinated flowers, only tropical rain forest of bamboo can be under some rare herbal insect pollination; flowers often sessile, the spikelets (rachilla) arranged in two lines on the interaction (especially to spend more time, and nature) to form spikelets ( spikelet), and then by their combination as the students in the stem end or the top of the various branches of the compound inflorescence, the spikelet only part of the bamboo directly with students in the pole sections and branches of the Department [of this situation can be said to have The real and only flower inflorescence (floweringbranch)], is indeed a very small cob shortening of the inflorescence axis (rachis), both in its section at birth bracts (boract) and first-out leaves (prophyll) the 1, if the bottom section had only a few bracts without otherness, then these can be called Ying bracts (glume), and another at the top of each section is located near the axis with bracts and the first the leaves, but also between the content with some flowers, bracts that time renamed lemma (lemma), corresponding to the first leaf is called a lemma (palea), usually in the habit of this two piece lemma (anthoecium) together with the included floral organs collectively referred to as flowers (floret), to a gender flowers, for example, include: ① lemma: usually green, with membranous, herbaceous, thin coriaceous, leather quality, texture and other cartilaginous, apex acuminate, acute tip, obtuse, cut flat, slightly concave or two split, often with parallel longitudinal veins, the main vein as well as apply the Mountain (also true of other veins); ② palea; often short of small, thin texture, also, apex mostly flat or slightly concave cross section, with 2 back ridge, there are a number of parallel longitudinal veins, the two ridges can be pointed out as a small or short Mans; ③ scales are (also known as the plasma sheet) (lodicule): This is the whorled perianth degradation within the wheel, namely, 2 or 3, can be more thin or nonexistent, form a small, membranous and transparent, the lower part of a vein pattern, on the edge Health small cilia; ④ stamens: the number (1) 3-6 pieces, rare for most, the next bit, with slender filaments and two-compartment vertical split (split dilute to the top hole) of the anther, which is often the central carrying silk top, later maturity can swing out to spend outside, to spread pollen; ⑤ pistil 1, with no handle (thin or handle) a sub-room ovary, style 2 or 3 (or more dilute a more), its top students with feathery brush or broom-shaped stigma, child room containing only a anatropous ovule, it is upright in the adaxial (ie close to the palea) side of the base. Fruit usually mostly caryopsis (caryopsis), its fruit and seed coat thin cortical healing, usually wrapped with pieces together as its lemma grain (grain), also may have other types of fruit and a free or partly free peel; seeds are usually rich in starch endosperm and a small form embryoid bodies, which is located in the fruit or seeds abaxial (ie close to the lemma) of the base, on the other side you can see from the outside or the base of linear or point shaped hilum (hilium), often also referred to as linear hilum ventral groove (ventral sulcus). Mode are: Poa poa l. About 700 undergraduate is known, nearly 10,000 species, is second only monocotyledon Orchidaceae orchidaceae the second largest section, but the distribution is broader than the much more lush and individuals, that it is more adapt to different types of ecological environment, and even can be said that all the growth of seed plants on earth the place has its traces. China's provinces has its own distribution, in addition to excluding the introduction of exotic species, but is made more than 200, 1,500 or more, can be attributed to scribe in 7 subfamilies, about 45 families. |