The first cosmic velocity (v1) when the spacecraft in a circular motion along the surface of the earth must have speed, also known as the surround speed. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with v1 = 7.9 km / sec. Spacecraft at a distance of several hundred kilometers above the ground surface altitude operation, the face of the spacecraft gravity smaller than that on the ground, so the speed is slightly smaller than v1. Second cosmic velocity (v2) when the spacecraft over the first cosmic velocity v1 reaches a certain value, it will be out of the Earth's gravitational field and become artificial planets around the sun, this rate is called the second cosmic velocity, also known as escape speed. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with cosmic velocity v2 = 11.2 km / sec. Because the moon has not been beyond the scope of Earth's gravity, so the lunar spacecraft launch from the ground, the initial speed of not less than 10.848 km / sec can be. Third cosmic velocity (v3) spacecraft launched from Earth's surface, flying out of the solar system, the minimum speed required to roam the vast galaxy, called the third cosmic speed. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with the third cosmic velocity v3 = 16.7 km / sec. It should be noted that this is the speed of the spacecraft orbit choose when calculated in line with the direction of the Earth's orbital speed v3 value; If the direction is inconsistent, must be greater than the desired speed 16.7 km / sec up. We can say that the speed of the spacecraft break free of Earth's gravity as well as the only element of the sun, only to break through the cosmic speed rocket. Due to the movement of the spacecraft beyond the Earth's dense atmosphere high vacuum in a similar natural celestial space flight, so we must first realize aerospace looking effortless but do not rely on air carriers. Rocket carrying both the fuel itself, but also with an oxidizing agent, capable of flying in space. But to break free of Earth's gravity and fly out of the earth to overcome air resistance, single-stage rocket have failed, we must use multistage rocket relay, gradual acceleration values in order to achieve the ultimate cosmic speed requirements. Modern carrier rocket from the rocket body structure, power plant, guidance and control systems, telemetry systems, external measurement systems, security and other additional self-destruct system structure, between segments and at all levels by interstage separation mechanism is connected, installed at the end of the spacecraft top position stage rocket, connected by separate agencies and end-stage rocket; outside the spacecraft is equipped with fairing to protect spacecraft launch the initial stage. Rocket technology indicators, including carrying capacity, precision orbit rocket spacecraft for different weights adaptability and reliability. The weight of the spacecraft and orbital different energy and speed needed to provide the rocket also vary, there is a certain correspondence between the various tracks and speed. As the spacecraft into a circular orbit 185 km high-speed required to run 7.8 km / sec; spacecraft into 1000 km high circular orbit desired speed of 8.3 km / s; spacecraft into geostationary transfer orbit desired speed 10.25 km / s; spacecraft Kuiper desired speed of 12 to 20 km / s and so on. Until today, only relying on the speed of the rocket to break through the universe, to achieve the ideal of human flying.
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No. 2
Illustration of the first cosmic velocity cosmic speed (V1) when the spacecraft in a circular motion along the surface of the earth must have speed, also called surround speed. The first cosmic speed two nicknames: the minimum launch speed spacecraft, spacecraft maximum Speed. In some of the problems that run when a spacecraft to the first cosmic velocity, then the spacecraft is to run along the Earth's surface. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with V1 = 7.9 km / sec. Spacecraft at a distance of several hundred kilometers above the ground surface altitude operation, the face of the spacecraft gravity smaller than that on the ground, so the speed is slightly smaller than V1. Derivation v1 V1 derivation: When the gravity acting on the object = gravitation = spacecraft in a circular motion along the centripetal force of the Earth's surface That mg = GMm / r ^ 2 = mv ^ 2 / r mg = mv ^ 2 / r So v ^ 2 = gr R in = 6.4 * 10 ^ 6 mg = 9.8 m / s ^ v = 7.9 km / s Second cosmic velocity (V2) when the spacecraft over the first cosmic velocity V1 reaches a certain value, it will be out of the Earth's gravitational field and become artificial planets around the sun, and this rate is called the second cosmic velocity, also known from speed. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with cosmic velocity V2 = 11.2 km / sec. Because the moon has not been beyond the scope of Earth's gravity, so the lunar spacecraft launch from the ground, the initial speed of not less than 10.848 km / sec can be. Third cosmic velocity (V3) spacecraft launched from Earth's surface, flying out of the solar system, the minimum speed required to roam the vast galaxy, called the third cosmic velocity, also known as the escape velocity. Mechanical theory can be calculated in accordance with the third cosmic velocity V3 = 16.7 km / sec. It should be noted that this is the speed of the spacecraft orbit choose when calculated in line with the direction of the Earth's orbital speed V3 value; If the direction is inconsistent, must be greater than the desired speed 16.7 km / sec up. We can say that the speed of the spacecraft is the only factor to break free of Earth's gravity and even the sun, only to break through the cosmic speed rocket. The fourth cosmic speed (V4) cosmic speed level, is expected to have a speed of objects 110 ~ 120km / s, you can enter from the Milky Way galaxies, this rate is called the fourth cosmic speed. Due to the movement of the spacecraft beyond the Earth's dense atmosphere high vacuum in a similar natural celestial space flight, so we must first realize aerospace looking effortless but do not rely on air carriers. Rocket carrying both the fuel itself, but also with an oxidizing agent, capable of flying in space. But to break free of Earth's gravity and fly out of the earth to overcome air resistance, single-stage rocket have failed, we must use multistage rocket relay, gradual acceleration values in order to achieve the ultimate cosmic speed requirements. Modern carrier rocket from the rocket body structure, power plant, guidance and control systems, telemetry systems, external measurement systems, security and other additional self-destruct system structure, between segments and at all levels by interstage separation mechanism is connected, installed at the end of the spacecraft top position stage rocket, connected by separate agencies and end-stage rocket; outside the spacecraft is equipped with fairing to protect spacecraft launch the initial stage. Rocket technology indicators, including carrying capacity, precision orbit rocket spacecraft for different weights adaptability and reliability. The weight of the spacecraft and orbital different energy and speed needed to provide the rocket also vary, there is a certain correspondence between the various tracks and speed. As the spacecraft into a circular orbit 185 km high-speed required to run 7.8 km / sec; spacecraft into 1000 km high circular orbit desired speed of 8.3 km / s; spacecraft into geostationary transfer orbit desired speed 10.25 km / s; spacecraft Kuiper desired speed of 12 to 20 km / s and so on. Until today, only relying on the speed of the rocket to break through the universe, to achieve the ideal of human flying.