"Cover the first business philosophy before the news, on the business of the next school, junior national management people" "Gou this good son to destroy public entertainment, forget the grievances of the hatred of him; good things to poor pet Satan, and down rebel born should be worried." "Husband of water so the boat, so the sword also, as in Lu ice cream, look for trees planted from the tiller." "Shortcut to evil, I could not bear to vote step; dry into the GOU capacity, I could not bear to Xi shoulder." - Zhang Heng
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Zhang Heng
(AD 78-139), the word peace son, Nanyang West E people (now shiqiaozhen Ha Tsuen, Nanyang, Henan), was equal to grade Book and Hejian. His "talent Mo Zhe, sensitive and eager to learn, such as the River of death, day and night. Moral overflow, articles, Yunfu, the number of poor patients world, making Mou luck, clever Wei Yi, Huan-Ping and above-board." He "does not suffer from bit of do not respect, not worship suffering virtue; shame that the non-gang Lu, and Bo shame not wisdom. "is the great scientists of the Eastern Han Dynasty, writers, inventors and politicians in the world, erected a scientific and cultural history Towering monument. In seismology, he invented to create a "seismograph" (AD 132), is the world's first a determination of the earthquake and the orientation of the instrument, than in Europe as early as 1700 years. In astronomy, he invented to create a "celestial globe" (AD 117), is the world's first large-scale water power to promote the observation of astrological astronomical instruments, with a "celestial globe Legend" and "spiritual constitution" and other books, paintings out a complete astrological chart, proposed the "Day of the Moon was born according to" scientific thesis. In literature, he is a brilliant literary history of the star. Famous "Tokyo Fu" and "Xijing fu", collectively, the "Second Beijing Fu", features the Eastern Han Dynasty Chang'an and Luoyang, the downtown scene, the irony of the infamous parasitic bureaucratic elite dissolute life. "South Du Fu," vividly depicts the social outlook of the then Nanyang County, people's life and folklore. In addition, with the "tokens of love fu" and "simultaneous Song", "thinking Xuan Fu", "Gui Tian", "four poems worry" and more than 30 articles. In geography, he draws a complete topographic map, and developed the "recording drum car", "compass" and so on. In mathematics, he was the "operator ignored the theory", and calculate the value of pi between 3.1466 and 3.1622. This we know today, although the slightest error in pi, but 1,800 years ago can have such accurate calculation, can not but make people feel amazing. The results of his 1300 years earlier than in Europe; in meteorology, he produced the "Weather Instrument", is a forecast of wind, wind instrument, wind information than in the West as early as 1,000 years of chicken; in terms of mechanics He made "fly alone, wood carving," is the world's first aircraft, also makes a Tugui (shadow control), calendar of events, etc.; in art, he ranks the Eastern Han Dynasty renowned painter of the first six. Zhang Heng in science and technology, literature and art and so made an outstanding contribution to not only the glory and pride of the Chinese nation, but also left a valuable as_set_ throughout human history. Zhang Heng really recognized as the world is indeed one of the scientists and literary dazzling Gemini!
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Kennedy is not hard to study without drilling
Division St. Zhang Heng in the 62 years journey of life, 34 Nanyang spent years. He grew up learning like thoughtful, intelligent modest, diligent study. According to historical records, his youth, he reached "through the Five Classics, and through the six arts" position. Seeking a more profound knowledge in order, he not only read books written predecessors, but also read some "living books" to broaden their horizons. Therefore, in the year 94, when he was 16 years old, to the Western Han Dynasty Chang'an Sansuke region Study Tour. Zhang Heng step plains, climbing a mountain, involving Wei; visit the people and asked the property, find monuments. Enjoy the mountains and rivers, magnificent architecture and marketplace of the people. Not only deepen the experience of the previous book knowledge, but also accumulated a great deal of literary material for his later writing has laid a solid foundation. He then went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty - the country's academic centers, coach and friends, and humbly ask for advice, you get to know a lot of knowledge and like-minded friends, wide open field of vision, curiosity thicker. At that time, Zhang Heng's family was not rich, but whether in the north wind blows, Dishuichengbing winter, or in the mosquito bites, sweating in the summer, he "passed away, such as Chuan, around the clock," immersed in the book of mountain Xuehai in one seasons spent. As Zhang Heng studious, moral good, talented, race official called his official. But Zhang Heng thought open, free from the shackles of traditional ideas, move "Xiaolian" not to, not official response, he said: "Gentlemen do not do not suffer from bit of respect, not worship suffering virtue; shame that the non-gang Lu, The shame is not wise to Bo. "
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Academic success to serve the home
Zhang Heng six years of hard study by outside, has become a veritable young scholars. When academic success when he created a cause of dry point wants to return home and serve the wishes of the grace of home care. Nanyang Prefecture Baldwin then, is a diligently for the people, respected the officials. Yang Mu Zhangheng talent he was, sincerely invite the Ren Nanyang Zhang Heng Princess books, help them apply for county government. AD 100, Zhang Heng Baldwin accepted the invitation, the Ren Nanyang princess book. Nine years in office, he assisted Zuobao De Nanyang governance, promotion of iron tools, irrigation, up schools do teach, and expand education, improve the technological level, the Nanyang was the cause of economic prosperity and the development of science and education has made outstanding contributions. Zhang Heng of Nanyang Princess book as during the deal to help Baldwin County government is also free use of public time to write a lot of great literary works, one of the most famous is the "Second Beijing Fu" and "South Ode" . "South Du Fu," with full enthusiasm praised the Nanyang beautiful mountains, clear water vortex, convenient transportation, fertile land, rich natural resources, precious minerals, ornate palaces, magnificent castles, celebrity anecdotes, economic the historical origins of prosperity and so on, to express the pure love of a home Nanyang Sincere Heart. Baldwin in the remarkable achievements under the Zhang Heng's adjuvant, in 108 AD the capital was transferred to the Secretary for Agriculture of any major. Zhang Heng of Nanyang Princess book will resign from office and return home in western Hubei, concentrate hard for knowledge, by the love of literature, turned to astronomy, calendar, mathematics and other disciplines of study, many of his inventions later laid a solid foundation.
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Outstanding contributions to astronomical science
In AD 111, Zhang Heng should be called up in Beijing, the first thanks to doctor, after the charge was twice as Taishi astronomical work order, before and after the period of 14 years. In his career during and after the official career, his research has reached the pinnacle of his life. At all times in all disciplines, astronomy is one of the most mystery category. Since entering the civil society, human beings have continued to the wise to explore it, and strive to understand and grasp the way it goes. Zhang Heng by hard scientific experiments and theoretical studies, the establishment at the time, not only in China but also in the world with the most advanced system of meaning, the most complete theoretical system of doctrine of celestial globe. Celestial globe in his theory of the formation, development and publicity, and made outstanding contributions. AD 117, Zhang Heng celestial globe according to the theory and doctrine of actual observations of celestial phenomena, created to promote large-scale use of drip clepsydra "leaking turn armillary sphere." This is the world's first automatic presentation of stars and the sun on Sunday to run the apparatus, the hollow copper sphere, the axis center of the sphere intersection, connecting the two shafts and ball for the Arctic and Antarctic. Outer ball and meridian circle the horizon, stand there ecliptic and equatorial circles, both as 24-degree angle, points out that there were 24 solar terms, and so on. Instrument entirely out of the water through the power of clepsydra gear, gear driven celestial globe, a rotating day and night a week. Stars come and go with the planetarium instrument fully consistent, and vivid image reveals the sun, moon, stars, Chen's Sunday run. Armillary sphere made a successful and accurate presentation, a sensation throughout the capital, watching those who come, are all surprised. Zhang Heng of this invention not only summarizes the results and experiences of ancient astronomy, but also deliberately innovation, successful application of the scientific instruments on future research in astronomy had a great inspiration and reference. Armillary sphere on a star each, are Zhang Heng crystallization of hard work, the light always shines. Zhang Heng invented not only created the world's first celestial globe, but also wrote a monumental history of astronomy world famous "Spirit of the Constitution" and "celestial globe Legend." The book comprehensively describes the formation and structure of the world, scientific explanation of the sun, moon, stars, Chen nature and exercise. These two books fully reflects the evolution of objects Zhang Heng understanding of the Universe infinite thought, celestial globe theory theory, laws of planetary motion, eclipse genetic interpretation, observation results, and other stars. Both explore the natural mysteries of the great works, like two bright stars, blinking in the science of astronomy in ancient history.
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Earthquake amazing invention
Eastern Han Dynasty, China was the earthquake in the country more frequently. For the determination of earthquake location, alleviate the suffering and loss in AD 126, Zhang Heng Tai Shi at the second time after an order to pay attention to grasp the earthquake information and records collected, after years of painstaking research, and finally in 132 AD, a clear boundary Determination of earthquake location the first scientific instrument - seismograph. According to the "Biography of the Later Han Zhang Heng," it reads: "Yang Jia first year, re-made seismograph, the refined copper cast, circle diameter of eight feet, closing lid uplift, the shape of bottles, decorated with birds and animals Zhuanwen Turtle Mountain shape. There are columns, near the line of eight, Shi Guan hair dryer. outside the eight dragons, the first title of copper balls, under the toad, mouth opening commitments it. its teeth ingenious system, are hidden in the bottle, cover well out of sight. subject to move, the Zhen-Long machine made bottles spit balls, and the title of the toad. Zhensheng boosting, servers were so aware. Although a long hair dryer, and seven did not move, look for the connection, I realized where the earthquake. Transcendent to do, if God together contract. Code from the book is written, not of a people. "AD 138, Zhang Heng's seismograph dragon spit to the northwest of the copper ball, and by measuring the northwest of the earthquake was not the capital of the People felt in the slightest, some bureaucrats, academics talking about the blame equipment not working. A few days later to report Longxi indeed, there was an earthquake, the time corresponding with the dragon spit copper ball, so people like seismograph with the marvelous. Seismograph invented by Zhang Heng was the first in human history, creating a new era for earthquake science, he is the pioneer of human scientific research in earthquake seismology and the world recognized as the originator. The invention of his creation, 1700 years earlier than in Europe. Zhang Heng invented the seismograph that shocked the world once again boarded the pinnacle of science.
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Manufacturing fruitful
Zhang Heng in terms of when and where, can be with his extraordinary creation, to show him the luxuriant splendor. He distinguished machinery manufacturing, once again reveal the guise Wizards. Zhang Heng made "Guide to car", the use of mechanical theory and the role of gear transmission, from a wheel composed of Independent House car. Inside the car with a clutch of the gear system that automatically, _set_ the upper shell of a wooden trunk immortal, no matter which direction a car turning, wooden men outstretched arm pointing south. Zhang Heng gear system on the application and the principle of relative motion, by Western scholars, like the "machinery of all the ancestors of cybernetics." Zhang Heng created a "car account in the drum," is used to calculate the mileage of the machinery. According to the "ancient and modern note" reads: "Remember in the car, the car is the second floor, there are wooden men, one in the lower line of drums, the line hit the top ten bracelets." "Recording drum car" and "Guide to car" method of manufacturing the same, the principle of using the differential gear, as early as 1800 in the West for many years. Zhang Heng-made "Swiss round pods" (ie, calendar of events), built-in authority, in a vertical shaft 15 dialing coat, followed by the role of the 15 pods, respectively, according to rise time should be charged, the use of water sports, from the beginning of each month together to turn out one day, Konoha, and then transferred to a day after 15 to moon_set_ until spin cycle open and close, so that people have similar activities to the effectiveness of the calendar. This is the world's first timer. Zhang Heng created a "fly alone, wood carving," is a mechanical vehicle. It is the imitation of birds flying in the wide and long high-altitude hang gliding design, applied by the abdominal machine, to control, can fly for miles. The inventor, than foreign aircraft as early as 1500 years of machinery. Zhang Heng made "Weather Instrument" (ie, Weather copper bird), the forecast wind direction meteorology instruments. Weather it is the chicken with the West similar. But the West's Weather chicken to the beginning of the 12th century was found in records than Zhang Heng's Weather copper birds 1,000 years later. Zhang Heng numerous achievements in the mechanical manufacturing, made great contributions in the history of the development of world science and wrote a brilliant page.
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Moral and noble awe
"Cover the first business philosophy before the news, on the business of the next school, junior national management people" "Gou this good son to destroy public entertainment, forget the grievances of the hatred of him; good things to poor pet Satan, and down rebel born should be worried." "Husband of water so the boat, so the sword also, as in Lu ice cream, look for trees planted from the tiller." "Shortcut to evil, I could not bear to vote step; dry into the GOU capacity, I could not bear to Xi shoulder." - Zhang Heng Zhang Heng, not only in astronomy, earthquake, machinery manufacturing has made outstanding contributions, and is also renowned for their achievements in mathematics. He is the "operator ignored the theory", and calculate the value of pi 3.1466. This results in Europe earlier than 1300 years. He has drawn in geography topographic map, and marked the location to draw the country and around the main mountain customs, have a high value. He also made many aspects of history research on Sima Qian's "Shi Ji" and Ban Gu's "Han" and dozens of proposed amendments. He was known as the Eastern Han Dynasty art painter in the first six names. Zhang Heng was a great writer. His good poetry, Fu, Wen, Ming, like, Patent, books, and other sparse style, excellent work handed down more than 30 articles. His works not only has a very high literary value, and reflected his concern for the fate of political thought. Magnificent rhetoric, the momentum away people's famous "Second Beijing Fu" is his realizing the "world Chengping the course of time, since these did not dare more than princely luxury" and as, through lengthy lay out, satire, the proposed "water so the boat, also it capsize, "the warning message. Zhang Heng's political thought can also be from his "should be between", "Si Xuan Fu", "four Gloomy Poems" and other literary works fully demonstrated. And even gained the attention of later critics of "Gui Tian," is his political course of time, dissatisfaction with affairs of state, seeking to express feelings retire. Smooth out full training, diction elegant euphemism, a wash of gorgeous extravagance Fu tradition, opened the first of its kind Lyrical Poems. His work has a profound and distinct peoples patriotism. Works in the language of refined and full of literary grace, beauty moving romantic imagination and rich in ideological, political and artistic, both achieved a high level. His literary achievements and his scientific achievements can be comparable. Zhang Heng strenuously progressive, noble qualities and his self-improvement, "about Bo Yi had no kin do not drill," the scientific spirit, with his various inventions, is a valuable as_set_ in human history. Zhang Heng admired by the people of the world. The United Nations named craters on the moon, "Zhang Heng"; the 1802 solar system planets named "Zhang Heng Star." This is the construction of today's civilized world, great masters of world civilization and one of the most expresses the highest respect.