From the silicon, oxygen and some metal (mainly aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.) the general term for a combination of compounds. Constitute the main component of the crust, but also ceramics, glass, refractories, cement and other building materials in the main component.
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guī suān yán
A silicate salt, constitute the main component of the crust. Stable chemical properties, its hardness, fire resistance, can be used to manufacture refractory materials, glass, ceramics, cement, etc.
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No. 3
Refers to a so-called silicate silicate silicon, oxygen and other chemical elements (mainly aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.) a combination of a compound of the general term. It is very widespread in the earth's crust, is the main component of most rocks (such as granite) and soil. Due to its structural features, a wide range (basic silicate minerals silicon - oxygen tetrahedron; in this body sides, the center of the silicon atoms occupy four oxygen atoms occupy the tetrahedral corners, surrounded by the body, according to the different with the formation of various types of silicate). Most of their high melting point, chemical stability, is the main raw material silicate industry. Silicate products and materials are widely used in various industrial, scientific research and everyday life. Chemically, refers to a compound (SixOy) composed of silicon and oxygen, or may also include one or more metals and hydrogen. It is also used to indicate the salt produced by the silica or silicic acid. Can react with acids to form silicate solids. In normal cases, the most stable silicate is silica (SiO2) - known as quartz, and the like compounds. Often micro silica silicate (H4SiO4) in equilibrium. Quartz is considered insoluble chemist, but in the long dimension, which can be mobile. Furthermore, under alkaline conditions, there will H2SiO42-. Most silicates are insoluble. Silicate minerals are characterized by their tetrahedral structure, sometimes these regular tetrahedron with chain, double chain, sheet, link up the three-dimensional frame-like manner. According to the degree of polymerization of tetrahedral silicate subdivided into: island silicate, silicate, such as a ring. In geology and astronomy, refers to a silicate composition of silicon and oxygen rock (typically SiO2 or SiO4), and sometimes also include one or more metals and or hydrogen. Such rocks include granite and gabbro. Most of the Earth's crust and other Earth-like planets are silicates. Mineralogy, silicate minerals according to their molecular structure is divided into the following categories: Peridot (single tetrahedron) - island silicates Epidote (double tetrahedra) - for like silicates Tourmaline (rings of tetrahedra) - cyclic silicates Pyroxene (single chain) - chain silicates Amphibole (double chain) - chain silicates Mica and clay (sheet) - sheet silicates Feldspar (framework) - tectosilicate class Quartz (SiO2 framework) - tectosilicate class Natural silicates Naturally occurring silicate minerals of all natural crust approximately 95% by mass Complexity in its silicate mineral anion of the basic structural units of the anionic and silica as silicon tetrahedron. Silicate composed of the following ways various silicate anions
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
guisuanyan Portland silicates Combines a variety of silicate ions and metal ions from a large class of oxygen-containing salts of silicon. The presence of a variety of naturally occurring silicate minerals accounted for about 95% of the natural weight of the earth's crust, such as zircon ZrSiO □, olivine Mg □ SiO □, scandium, yttrium stone Sc □ Si □ O □, hardystonite Ca □ ZnSi □ O □, blue cone mine BaTiSi □ O □, Beryl Be □ Al □ Si □ O18, talc Mg □ Si □ O10 (OH) □, fibrous serpentine (chrysotile) (HO) □ Mg □ Si □ O11 · H □ O, tremolite (amphibole cotton) (HO) □ Ca □ Mg □ (Si □ O11) □, muscovite KAl □ (AlSi □ O10) (OH) □, orthoclase KAlSi □ O □, sodium zeolite Na □ (Al □ Si □ O10) · 2H □ O and so on. Nature of most silicate chemically stable, high melting point, insoluble in water, only the water-soluble alkali metal silicate, wherein the soluble sodium silicate is the most common. Classification of natural silicate following types: ① with metal ions bound silicate ions are separate SiO □ tetrahedral anions (Figure 1SiO □ tetrahedral anions), such as zircon and olivine. ② with metal ions bound silicate ions is composed of two SiO □ tetrahedra share one oxygen atom to form the top corner of the anion (Figure 2Si □ O □ anions), such as scandium, yttrium stone, zinc yellow feldspar. ③ with metal ions bound silicate ions is limited by a SiO □ tetrahedra by sharing the top two corners of the oxygen atoms to form a cyclic anion (Fig. 3 ring anions), such as blue cone stone, beryl, etc. ④ with metal ions bound single-chain silicate ions are anions (Fig. 4 single-chain anionic) by an unlimited number of SiO □ tetrahedra by sharing the top two corners formed by connecting the oxygen atoms, such as diopside. If such single chain through a third portion of tetrahedral SiO □ top corner oxygen atoms and another part of the single chain sharing tetrahedral SiO □, the formation of the double-chain (or belt) anion (Figure 5 double stranded anionic form) such as tremolite fibers serpentine. These two long-chain silicate anions were simplified: □ (single-stranded); □ (duplexes). Metal ions are in the electrostatic force between the parallel chains are chains together. Some metal ions also combine (OH) - and water molecules. ⑤ When the silicate in each of the three corner sharing tetrahedral SiO □ top of an oxygen atom, to form lamellar infinite anionic (anionic lamellar 6), such as talc, mica and the like. This silicate ions Jane formula □. Metal ions in the interlayer sheet that is parallel to the static electricity plies together. In some of such anions often silicon atoms replaced by aluminum atoms. ⑥ When the silicate tetrahedra each SiO □ top corners of each shared oxygen atoms to form a three-dimensional skeleton-like anions, such as n-feldspar, sodium zeolite. In this there is often the anion portion of the silicon atoms are replaced by aluminum atoms. Metal ions distributed throughout the skeleton, and the negative charge of the anion. In addition to natural silicate, there are synthetic silicate, water glass, glass, cement, ceramic, tile, and some molecular sieves. (Gong Yisheng)
Tektosilicates