Perception of external stimuli acting on the senses of the human brain to the outside world as a whole views and understanding, it is on the outside of our organization and interpretation of sensory information. In cognitive science can also be seen as a _set_ of programs, including access to sensory information, understand the information, filter information, organize information. Early theoretical studies are perceived Helmholtz (Hermann von Helmholtz) unconscious reasoning, and Gestalt (gestalt) school of Gestalt psychology. 1970s, Gibson (James Gibson) made a great impact on the ecological optics theory, emphasizing the role of the environment on perception. Perception have several characteristics: integrity, constancy, meaning, _select_ivity, perception adapt. Integrity means that we recognize the object as a whole is usually faster than the local understanding. Constancy is the stimulating effect on our senses despite constantly changing, we perceive objects has maintained a considerable degree of stability. Meaningfulness is our perception of things and we usually give it meaning linked. _Select_ivity is we often switch back and forth in the observation of two manifolds graphics in two different graphical perception, indicating that there is competition in the perceptual process. Adaptation refers to the perception of stimulus input change, we will still be able to adjust the perceived returns to its original state. Perception of how the various elements into one whole, Gestalt perception proposed rule several organizations: the adjacent law, similar law principles and common destiny. Perceptual psychology that now is the result of the process along with the role of top-down and bottom-up processing of the processing. The Gibson made a direct perception of the view that the environmental effect on perceived absolutely dominant. Perception and illusion is usually associated with research, this is a very interesting thing. Psychology is often a mechanism by studying the case of failure of this mechanism to study law. Perception including spatial perception, time perception and motion perception. Perception and feeling is often not fully distinguish, the feeling is the initial processing of information, depth perception and processing of information. The trend now is to put all sensation and perception are discussed, referred to as sensory perception. The information is divided into sensory processing, organization, perception and identify three stages. Feeling and perception of difference and connection: First, the perception to feel, based on the range of sensory stimuli once involved from the disappearance of sensation and perception are stopped. Second, perception is feeling materials processing and interpretation. Finally, the perception will have the aid of past experience, as well as participate in the perceptual process of thinking, memory, etc., and thus reflects the perception of things than the feeling of depth and complete. First, the perception of the meaning of (A) What is the perception Perception is the objective reality of the various properties of the human brain acts directly on the sensory organs, the relationship between the various parts of its overall reflection. Compared with the feeling, perception reflects the overall objective properties of things, many feel the result is synergistic activity. Fat perception can be classified according to different criteria. Depending on the perceptual process analyzers play a leading role, perception can be divided into visual perception, auditory perception, touch perception, olfactory perception, taste perception and so on. (B) the characteristics of perception Unlike sensory perception, memory, thinking and other mental processes, showing its own characteristics. 1. Perception is people gradually formed and developed in the course of practice. 2. Involved in the formation of consciousness is inseparable from past knowledge and experience. 3. Language plays an important role in the formation and development of consciousness. 4. Perceived by many psychological characteristics and constraints. Relationships (three) perception and feeling Perception to sensory information is based on feeling but different, and the difference between the two are mutually interrelated. 1. Same point of feeling and perception Feeling and perception of the same points now mainly the following three aspects: (1) both the human brain subjective reflection of objective things; (2) the human brain reflects both the current direct effect on the sensory organs of objective things; (3) both the formation and development is inseparable from the human brain activities. 2. The difference between sensation and perception Sensory perception and different points mainly in the following three aspects: (1) sensation and perception reflect different content; (2) the different nature of sensation and perception generated; (3) sensory and physiological mechanisms of perception is different. 3. Contact between sensation and perception Sensory perception process is an important part, is the premise and basis of perception. Perception is a feeling of depth and development. Sensation and perception are objective things people know the initial stage, is the basis of human mental activity. Second, the perception of the organizational process (A) the information is organized into meaningful sensory perception 1. Graphics and Background Graphics and background, also known as shaped base (fihure-groud), namely "shape" for the graphics, the "base" in the background. Part of the graphics have obvious signs on the horizon, and the remaining part of that background. Both in the nature of perception is different than the graphical outline clear, easy to locate, organize and complete; background is not enough to determine the general lack of structural integrity. Graphics and background tissue is the simplest form of organization perception that the organization's role in sensory sensory information into a series of highlights from the background objects or graphics. Graphic image or perception is sometimes called perceptual objects. In this sense, the perception process is the process of separating from the background object perception. People in the perception range of identification and background graphics reflect the choice of the characteristics of perception. Choose from the background graphics features are: (1) Shape graphic background is relatively no shape. (2) extends continuously in the background appears behind the background graphics, no boundary contour. (3) graphical objects with certain characteristics, background seemingly intangible things. (4) in front of the graphics highlighting background appears behind the foil. (5) tend to have a graphical sense, it is easy to remember. 2. Closed and subjective contours Because each part of objective things, the overall effect of the various properties of a human, and therefore, the objective compound as a stimulus things, various properties of the various parts or, respectively, the effect on the human sense organs, forming therebetween a fixed contact, and in the human brain preserved. In the perceptual process, this by supplementing subjective, simple alternative restructuring and other activities, the perception is not complete as a full graphic graphics perceptual organization process known as closed perception. (B) the organizational principles of perception Due to the impact of individual subjective experience of making the objective to stimulate the situation with a strong organizational tendencies. 1. Near or adjacent to the principles of People tend to vision, the adjacent or close to the overall perception of more stimulus in time or space, which is due to the perception of the process, when the stimulus characteristics distinguish between obvious, people will often help their existing knowledge and experience, the initiative to find the relationship between the stimulus and thus obtain a logical or meaningful knowledge and experience. 2. Similar principles Tend to combine in size, shape, color, brightness, and other forms of the same or similar physical properties of stimuli together to form a whole. This according to perceptual stimuli similar characteristics tend to be organized in line with the principle of similarity grouping. 3. The principle of continuity Continued principle refers to the individual perception of stimuli tend to have the same direction or another continuous motion, or stimulate a continuous relationship between them even if there is no combined together to form a whole. 4. Closure principle Who has the feature graphics stimulate aggregation forming, even though there have been missing off the place, but also tend to form a continuous complete shape. In the actual graphics they do not exist, because there is no line or a graphical outline them close, in fact, is an observer in the psychological contours of these lines or close up, resulting in a subjective contour, forming a complete picture of perceptual experience, reflecting the Closed principles of perceptual organization. 5. Sympatric principles People tend to be in the same zone, or a combination of stimuli in the same region together to form a complete shape, this perceptual organization principle called sympatric principles of perception.
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Encyclopedia
zhijue Perception perception Patient awareness of the senses. Reflecting the overall image of the surface of contact and mental processes of objective things. Perception is formed on the basis of the feeling, but it feels complicated than complete.
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English Expression
: sensation
n.: sensuousness, ability to feel through the sense of touch, cognizance, ability to feel, awareness, knowledge, intuition, understand; comprehend, recover one's consciousness, lose one's consciousness, sentiency, sentience, sense, perceptivity, perception, perceive, feeling, daylight, consciousness, cognition, apperception, aesthesia
v.: know
vt.: apperceive
French Expression
n. connaissance, conscience
Thesaurus
perception acquaintance, cognition, cognition, learn of an event disenchantment tension feeling, eye, audio, flair, gout, sense