Chinese name of the spiny dogfish
Latin Name squalus acanthias linnaeus
English name of the spiny dogfish, piked dogfish, dogfish
Category vertebrate door, cartilage Pisces, dogfish head, Dogfish Branch, spiny dogfish are
Shape features
Body thin and extended. Long, flat head and flat head and large aspect ratio of head height, head length to total length of 1 / 5. Tail slender, much shorter than the head and trunk, tail base with a concave depression above, the lower side tail back from the bottom of the second dorsal fin base only until the end of the base has a longitudinal later processes. Snout length, back, as the triangle, a small forward on both sides, front blunt tip, side sharp and prominent. Eyes large, oblong, round the front, back-end tip and a notch, non-instant film, than the distance from the snout a little hole near the first gill, eye diameter, width of 2 times larger than the nose, and mouth corner after a relatively few edge . Nostrils large, several flat horizontal, lateral position, lateral margin not protruding from the snout from the port side and approximately equal (larvae), or from the port side from the snout is slightly more than the past (adult); nose wide interval, nostrils large than about 2.5 to 3 times; anterior nasal flap with a simple triangle prominent central, not branched, water holes exposed, after the rear with a low nasal valve ring Pingban film. Port shallow arc, near bar, mouth wide mouth front snout length equal to 2 / 3 4 / 5 (larval mouth narrower), the mouth is about equal to mouth width 1 / 5; port side with an oblique groove , lip fold developed, wide and flat and long upper lip fold, about equal to mouth width 1 / 4 to 2 / 7, the lower lip fold shorter for the upper lip in the mouth at the corner of the lid fold. The same type of upper and lower teeth, single tooth head shape, flat side nearly rectangular, smooth edges, the first oblique teeth rather play, in the margin of a few with the jaw parallel to the outer edge of the furrow, 2 to 3 line use; maxillary teeth slightly narrow on each side Each row of 14 teeth, lower jaw on each side of each row 11 to 12 teeth, upper and lower teeth are not the center. Considerable water hole, kidney-shaped, front side with a coating inside, to close, at eye level line the upper edge of the eye, and the distance between eyes about equal to eye diameter of 1 / 2. Gill opening 5, is quite small, under the lateral, slightly lower into the belly, the distance about equal to the first 3, the last two closer, the last one the most wide, about equal to eye diameter and is located in front of pectoral fin base.
2 dorsal fins, each with a spine. The first dorsal fin and pectoral fins in the angle relative or later, the second dorsal fin than the distance from the snout to near; spine about equal to the long front fins 2 / 5; corner rounded, posterior margin concave, the next corner sharp protrusion extending from the ventral vertical lines starting with a large distance. The second dorsal fin smaller than first dorsal fin, pelvic fins than the distance from the base near the end of many; spine about equal to the long front fins 4 / 5; corner rounded, posterior border furrow, bottom corner tip protrusion extending from the end of the base about its base looks and so on. Short wide tail fin, near broom-shaped, slightly less than the full-length 1 / 5, a few with the first appearance, etc.; caudal axis of low-lying; the upper lobe is quite developed, upturned; the front of the lower lobe large triangle prominent, central and rear width is short, and on the leaf after another, without notch. Pelvic fins nearly rectangular, in the second half after the interval below the dorsal fin, second dorsal fin than the distance from the first dorsal fin nearly 2-fold or more than 2 times; oblique posterior margin straight or slightly concave, outer corners rounded, blunt tip in angle prominent, not extending up to below the second dorsal fin (larvae), or extended up to the bottom of the second dorsal fin (adult); fin feet wide and flat, the back-end blunt tip. Pectoral fins rather large, sub-triangular, shallow concave posterior margin, and in the corner of the exterior angle blunt, the more stretch the first dorsal fins spines. Shield scale with 3 spinous process, 3 longitudinal ridges.
Gray-brown back and upper sides, lower sides and belly white. And on the side of the back of the fetus with two longitudinal white round or elongated shape, more than 10 per line; small children on the back of white spot gradually disappears, also decreased on the side of the white; adult white a few disappeared, retained only a few on the side a white spot is not obvious. Larvae of the fetus and the upper part of dorsal fin dark brown, base and back of the light white, dark brown tail end of the upper lobe, lower lobe edge of shallow white, pectoral fins dark brown front, rear light white. Radiate into the body of the fins brown, edge white light.
Distribution is mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea.
Living conditions are mainly found in the coastal water area
Habits change with the temperature of the season migration north or south, and move to the shallow or deep. Eating smaller fish, mainly, but also eat a variety of mollusks and crustaceans
Growth and reproduction ovoviviparous. Feeding, breeding
Population status in the international "Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention," the occasion of the upcoming meeting, the World Wildlife Fund released a 16-date world's top ten list of most trade of threatened species, spiny dogfish list. Over the past 10 years, the northeast Atlantic spiny dogfish more than 95% reduction in the number.
】 【Nutritional value
Spiny dogfish, per 100 grams, 56 grams edible portion
Calories (kcal): 118 b1 thiamine (mg): 0.01 ca calcium (mg): 41
Protein (g): 22.2 b2 riboflavin (mg): .05 mg Magnesium (mg): 30
Fat (g): 3.2 b5 Niacin (mg): 3.1 fe iron (mg): 0.9
Carbohydrate (gm): 0 vc vitamin c (mg): 0 ma Manganese (mg): 0.03
Dietary Fiber (g): 0 ve vitamin e (mg): 0.58zn Zinc (mg): 0.73
Vitamin a (mg): 21 Cholesterol (mg): 70 cu Copper (mg): 0.06
Carotene (mcg): 1.3 Potassium (mg): 285 p P (mg): 212
Retinol equivalent (mcg): 73.3 Sodium (mg): 102.2 se Selenium (mcg): 57.02
Medicinal】 【
Ha chemical composition see that flat head shark.
Kazakhstan pharmacological see that flat head shark.
Medicine 1. Cod liver oil for the spiny dogfish shark liver distill a fatty oil. Four Seasons shark, after catching the livers to the gallbladder, chopped, put the pot through steam to 82 ℃ (no more than 85 ℃), the liver cells rupture, the oil to escape, the heating of water to oil separation, and then filtered to remove impurities , water washing, vacuum drying, the oil cooled to 0 ℃, the precipitation of solid fat, pressure filter, to remove, is the cod liver oil.
2. Spiny dogfish shark meat is muscle. Four Seasons shark, take the meat fresh use.
3. For the spiny dogfish shark fins, dried fins obtained from post-catching.
Application 1. Cod liver oil has nourishing strong, clear vision, strong bone achievements. Attending night blindness, dry ophthalmia, rickets, osteomalacia, malnutrition, tuberculosis, convalescence, and for child care and maternal nourishment agent. Oral dosage of 2-10 ml each time.
2. Spleen and Water shark meat has the power. Amount.
3. Shark fins and lungs gas, care sore, Phlegm, stomach and achievements. For lung weakness, sore and so on. Amount.
Remarks
Source "Chinese Medicinal Animals", p. 131.
【Porbeagle and spiny dogfish has not been the "Washington Convention" protection】
http://www.enorth.com.cn
Because the meat is delicious and the wings are two highly prized sharks - shark and spiny dogfish mice failed to obtain the "International Trade in Endangered Species Convention" ("Washington Convention") of trade protection.
Germany on behalf of the European Union to the "Washington Convention" shark submitted two proposals for the General Assembly to require inclusion of these two sharks, "the Washington Convention," in Appendix ii. Proposal in the June 8 discussion was rejected. While most members expressed support, but eventually defeated by a minority opposition.
Throughout Europe, the mouse is mainly used for the production of shark meat, frozen and preserved meat. Spiny dogfish in the United Kingdom known as the "salmon rocks" or "Hess", for the production of Fish & chips, and as delicious, in Germany, were used to make called "schillerlocken" food bacon . Porbeagle and spiny dogfish in international trade has not been controlled, and therefore its North Atlantic shark populations have been drastically reduced - spiny dogfish and porbeagle in the past 10 years and 40 years respectively, plummeted by 95% and 89%.
wwf (WWF) Global Species Programme Officer cliona o'brien said: "As the lack of sustainability of shark fishing methods, coupled with rampant international shark trade, at present, the global shark populations are significantly reduced. spiny dogfish and rat shark could not be included in Appendix ii, is the natural protection of political rights over the results of surgery, it is shameful. We need action, not delay, hesitate. "
traffic (international wildlife trade Research Council), director steven broad pointed out: "If the" Washington Convention "to give up this opportunity could mean the end of the two shark coming, and European consumers will love the delicious seafood thus disappear from the table. "Global 3 / 4 of the commercial fish stocks have been over-fishing, these fish are not a result of being over-exploited, is still in recovery from the edge of exhaustion in the process.
Scientists have recently discovered that the use of industrial fishing vessels fishing, such as sharks, 90% of large predatory fish in the sea no longer exists. |
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