Chinese name: white-lipped deer Chinese Common name: Rock deer, ferret deer, fallow deer, "Hama" (Tibetan) Latin name: cervus albirostris Name: white-lipped deer Category: Door: Animal phylum (chordata) Class: Mammalia (mammalia) Head: Artiodactyla (artiodactyla) Section: deer (cervidae) Genus: deer genus (axis)
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Shape characteristics
For large deer, body size and sambar, similar to red deer. Around the lips and chin are white, hence the name "white-lipped deer," is our specialty animals. Weighing more than 200 kg, body length from 1.55 to 1.9 meters tall at the shoulder from 1.2 to 1.45 meters, hip height from 1.15 to 1.35 meters, standing, slightly higher than its shoulders hips. Long, pointed ears. Stag with antlers, generally five forks, individual males aged up to 6 forks, branches and sub-branches eyebrow far apart, sub-branch length, the main branch slightly flat side. Its bifurcation carrageenan is particularly wide and flat, it is also known as flat angle deer. Hornless female deer, nose exposed, upper and lower lips, nose and jaw four weeks throughout the year pure white. Buttocks with a yellow block spots. Hair: Hair is a difference in tone and winter. Winter hair is thick, coarse hair slightly slightly elastic, straight hair shaped, slightly curved at Tippy, the species showing consistent yellow-brown, chest and limbs inside the milky white or brown, the lower limbs brown brown, yellow and white rump spots ; summer hair is thin and dense, whole body tone multi-variation with brown brown, taupe or gray-brown, etc., hip brown or yellow-brown spots. Deer born lambs wool is soft, light brown body back in the distribution of irregular spots. Morphology, Department of Biology, Qinghai Normal University coat of white-lipped deer were observed macroscopic and scanning electron microscopy study of. The results showed that the coat is composed only of hairs. Special hairs coarse hair diameter; medulla very developed, medullary index up 96%; medulla form a honeycomb mesh type; cortex was degraded state. Hairs with strong heat resistance, is an important feature to adapt to the alpine environment.
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Distribution
Plateau endemic distribution western Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan, eastern Tibet. Sichuan Wenchuan distribution from Nanping south to west through Baoxing, Kowloon line of northwestern Sichuan Muli extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, approximately 28 counties; located in western Gansu Sunan, Subei and eastern Qilian County, Gannan Maqu ; Qinghai Qilian County, located in the west of the Kunlun Mountains and Qilian area between Tanggula Yushu; Hoh Xil in Tibet distributed only along the southeastern Tuotuohe between Ulan Ul Shandong end, riparian protection zone periphery Babel, miscellaneous There are other places that day Ga distribution.
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Environment
A typical mountain animals alpine region, located at an elevation of 3500 m -5100 m mountain shrub and alpine meadows place, especially along the line of its forest habitat optimal activity. Currently there are semi-wild breeding distribution area, a small number of wild white-lipped deer.
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Habits
Grassy and sedge plants are the main food of white-lipped deer, but with a different habitat, the proportion of their food and ingredients have changed. Gregarious, except during mating season, the male and female adult sharing group activities, among a range of year-round roaming in the foothills, plains, valleys and mountains open. Mainly in the morning, dusk activities during the day most of the time lying volts in a secluded place to rest, rumination, high temperatures in the month, living in higher altitudes, later in September as temperatures drop, and slow to move to lower place to live. When frightened, the Bucks ran uphill, while the female deer then ran to a lower place. In 1986, the Japanese cooperation in Qinghai Yushu, Golog and Ganzi in Sichuan and other regions of the white-lipped deer feeding and breeding preliminary observation. Found 62 kinds of white-lipped deer feeding on plants belonging to 24 families, of which 24 species are most eating plants.
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Growth and reproduction
Breed once a year, the breeding season from September to October, there is fierce dispute between males even fighting, often antlers were touched off phenomenon. Approximately eight months pregnant, the following year, from May to June calving. Births per 1 Aberdeen, fawn who have vitiligo. 3-4 years of maturity, life expectancy of about 20 years. Hind 3 years old can participate in breeding, and the Bucks generally to 5 years of age to participate in mating. Long Velvet annually, once off the corner. Antler higher yields, is expensive medicines. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAI Gui whole; Liu Yongsheng) study indicate that adult male white-lipped deer usually separate activities, only when the mating season fast approaching, the warm season was a mixed cluster habitat migration to wintering habitat, and the final composition of the mating group . But the boundaries between distinct mating groups, all other members of the group by the main male domination. Mating period of about 81 days, mating peak in late October to the end of September, a total of 24 days. When a sudden change in weather, as snow, it will disrupt their normal lives, showing the replacement of resting places, such as suspension feeding or mating.
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Population status
In 1883, Russian explorer Cape heat Varski obtain specimens party in Subei County, Gansu, Henan Hill. 1927 United States Allen and Batang in Sichuan obtain specimens for the international animal would then academia wide attention. In addition to the early seventies, a pair of gave Sri Lanka and Nepal early eighties gave an outside, no other countries have not been such a Chinese specialty deer. Haunted by the Kunlun Mountains in the west of the Qilian Mountains, to the Tanggula mountain range, a wide range of activities, each only a few large mountain deer in Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet Provinces more. Shiqu County 1500-2000 only, there are 200 Dege, Baiyu has 3000. Tibet has 134 Jiangda, Nyingchi speculation has 300. It is estimated that around about 7000, a sharp decrease in the current distribution and population of white-lipped deer. Has been listed as national key protected wild animals i level to protect some areas have been effectively brought under control hunting. From not more than 50 in the early 1990s to 1997 80-89 head. Existing white-lipped deer protection area of new land and sea protected areas in Sichuan, Gansu Yanchiwan protected areas. 2003, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture discovered the world's largest white-lipped deer, wild populations totaling over 5000. To risk factors Deer resources to fend for themselves in the state. Since 1958, more than hunting. Newborn fawn hunting were reared, a greater impact on the wild population growth. Regional distribution of white-lipped deer, mostly pastoral, since the expansion of animal husbandry, pasture degradation, seriously affecting their activities, and the distribution of the food base, resulting in the Tibetan Plateau has shown a fringe island, the lack of genetic exchange between communities, genetic gradual failure.
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Protection level
Redbook endangerment: Endangered (e) Protection: protection of animals at the national level iucn Level: Vulnerable (vu) cites: not included
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Protection level
Redbook endangerment: Endangered (E) Protection: protection of animals at the national level IUCN Rating: Vulnerable (VU) CITES: not included