material : Chemistry coeducation : agriculture : metallurgy : neurology > electrolyte



Contents ·No. 1 ·No. 2 ·百科辞典 ·English Expression ·Thesaurus ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·More results... No. 1 　　In aqueous solution or in molten state can form ions, which can be conductive compounds. Such as salt, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and so on. Translated by Google No. 2 　　概念：电解质是在固体状态下不能导电，但溶于水溶液中或在熔融状态下就能够导电(解离成阳离子与阴离子)并产生化学变化的化合物。离子化合物在水溶液中或熔化状态下能导电；某些共价化合物也能在水溶液中导电。 　　导电的性质与溶解度无关，强电解质一般有：强酸强碱，大多数盐，如：硫酸 氢氧化钠 硫酸铜；弱电解质一般有：（水中只能部分电离的化合物）弱酸,弱碱，如；醋酸 一水合氨（NH3·H2O），以及少数盐，如：醋酸铅。另外，水是极弱电解质。 　　注：能导电的不一定是电解质判断某化合物是否是电解质，不能只凭它在水溶液中导电与否，还需要进一步考察其晶体结构和化学键的性质等因素。例如，判断硫酸钡、碳酸钙和氢氧化铁是否为电解质。硫酸钡难溶于水，溶液中离子浓度很小，其水溶液不导电，似乎为非电解质。但熔融的硫酸钡却可以导电。因此，硫酸钡是电解质。碳酸钙和硫酸钡具有相类似的情况，也是电解质。从结构看，对其他难溶盐，只要是离子型化合物或强极性共价型化合物，尽管难溶，也是电解质。 　　氢氧化铁的情况则比较复杂，Fe3+与OH-之间的化学键带有共价性质，它的溶解度比硫酸钡还要小；而溶于水的部分，其中少部分又有可能形成胶体，其余亦能电离成离子。但氢氧化铁也是电解质。 　　判断氧化物是否为电解质，也要作具体分析。非金属氧化物，如SO2、SO3、P2O5、CO2等，它们是共价型化合物，液态时不导电，所以不是电解质。有些氧化物在水溶液中即便能导电，但也不是电解质。因为这些氧化物与水反应生成了新的能导电的物质，溶液中导电的不是原氧化物，如SO2本身不能电离，而它和水反应，生成亚硫酸，亚硫酸为电解质。金属氧化物，如Na2O，MgO，CaO，Al2O3等是离子化合物，它们在熔融状态下能够导电，因此是电解质。 　　可见，电解质包括离子型或强极性共价型化合物；非电解质包括弱极性或非极性共价型化合物。电解质水溶液能够导电，是因电解质可以离解成离子。至于物质在水中能否电离，是由其结构决定的。因此，由物质结构识别电解质与非电解质是问题的本质。 　　另外，有些能导电的物质，如所有的金属既不是电解质，也不是非电解质。因它们并不是能导电的化合物，而是单质，不符合电解质的定义。 　　电解质是指在水溶液中或熔融状态下能够导电的化合物，例如酸、碱和盐等。凡在上述情况下不能导电的化合物叫非电解质，例如蔗糖、酒精等。 　　电解 　　电能转变为化学能的过程。即使直流电通过电解槽，在电极-溶液界面上进行电化学反应的过程 。例如，水的电解，电解槽中阴极为铁板，阳极为镍板 ，电解液为氢氧化钠溶液。通电时，在外电场的作用下，电解液中的正、负离子分别向阴 、阳极迁移 ，离子在电极 - 溶液界面上进行电化学反应。在阴极上进行还原反应。 　　水的电解就是在外电场作用下将水分解为H2（g）和O2（g）。电解是一种非常强有力的促进氧化还原反应的手段，许多很难进行的氧化还原反应，都可以通过电解来实现。例如：可将熔融的氟化物在阳极上氧化成单质氟，熔融的锂盐在阴极上还原成金属锂。电解工业在国民经济中具有重要作用，许多有色金属和稀有金属的冶炼及金属的精炼，基本化工产品的制备，还有电镀、电抛光、阳极氧化等，都是通过电解实现的。 百科辞典 　　　　dianjiezhi 　　　　电解质 　　　　electrolyte 　　　　在水溶液中或者在热熔状态时能导电的物质叫电解质。电解质都是具有离子键或强极性键结构的化合物，溶解在水中时均可离解为阳离子和阴离子。人体内含有很多种电解质，如血清钠135～145mmol/L、血清钾3.4～5.6mmol/L、血清钙2.5～3.0mmol/L等。电解质系人体的重要组成成分，对人体组织生成，物质代谢具有十分重要的意义。人体的电解质极易受水代谢及酸碱代谢的影响，机体在正常状态时电解质可处于相对的平衡状态，保持较恒定的数值，一旦水及酸碱代谢紊乱则伴有电解质紊乱，此时对人体可有各种危害。因此研究人体内各种电解质数值、存在形式、生理活动状态及维持其平衡补液等意义十分重大。 　　　　 English Expression :  dielectric n.:  electrolyte Thesaurus bath Related Phrases cyclopedia electrolytic polishing Water treatment electricity Water Solutions electroanalysis Product order chemistry equilibrium ionise salt conjuring Acetate campaign beverage action beverage electrolyte beverage Health beverage constant pka dianyefen medicine water western medicine Acid-base balance drug examine medicine Inspection iron binding force salt ammonium salt More results... 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