Electromagnetic radiation is transferred from the common space of electric energy and magnetic energy of the composition, and the energy generated by the mobility of charge; example, the antenna is transmitting RF signals emitted by mobile charges, it will produce electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic "spectrum" includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation from extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation. There are between radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible and ultraviolet light and so on. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum in the general definition of the RF, is the frequency of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz radiation. Energy derived from electromagnetic radiation, depending on the level of frequency - the higher the frequency, the greater the energy. High frequency x-ray and gamma-ray energy can produce large, can damage human tissue synthesis of molecules. In fact, x ray and gamma-ray energy is huge, enough so that ionization of atoms and molecules, it was classified as "ionizing" radiation. Although the two rays with medical uses, but too much exposure will damage health. x ray and gamma-rays generated by the electromagnetic energy generated by devices different from the RF electromagnetic energy. The electromagnetic energy is radio frequency devices in the low frequency spectrum that end, can not break the molecular bond closely together, it was classified as "non-ionizing" radiation. Where there will be electromagnetic radiation? There are many sources of electromagnetic radiation. Both inside and outside the body covered by natural and man-made radiation sources issued by the electric energy and magnetic energy; Lightning is one example of the natural radiation sources. As for the man-made radiation sources include microwave ovens, radios, television transmitters and satellite communication devices.
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Hazards of electromagnetic radiation on the human body
November 22, 2000, held in Beijing Great Hall of the Fifth National Conference on Science statistics show that every year more than twenty million newborns born, nearly 120 million children for the shortcomings, the experts pointed out that factors cause birth defects, most harmful electromagnetic radiation large. Electromagnetic radiation is caused by miscarriage, infertility, birth defects and other diseases predisposing factors. January-March for the embryonic period, subject to strong electromagnetic radiation may cause physical defects or deformities. April-May fetal formation, by the electromagnetic radiation may cause failure of Chile, and even cause dementia. June to October for the formation of the fetus, by the electromagnetic radiation may lead to immune dysfunction, low birth system, resistance is low.
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Electromagnetic radiation protection
1 General 1.1 In order to prevent electromagnetic radiation pollution, environmental protection, protection of public health and promote the legitimate practice of electromagnetic radiation associated with the development of the enactment of this provision. 1.2 The provision applies to electromagnetic radiation pollution in the PRC of all units or individuals, all facilities or equipment. However, this limit does not apply to the protection arrangements for the patient medical or diagnostic irradiation. 1.3 The provisions limit the scope of protection is 100khz ~ 300ghz. The relationship between protection and frequency limits shown below. 1.4 The provisions of the protection limit is the maximum acceptable level of protection, and includes all possible electromagnetic radiation pollution in the total value. All electromagnetic radiation pollution of 1.5 units or individuals, should be the spirit of "as low as reasonably achievable" principle, strive to reduce their pollution levels of electromagnetic radiation. All electromagnetic radiation pollution in 1.6 units or departments, can _set_ their own management limit (standard), the management of each unit or department limits (standards) should be stricter than the limits of this provision. 2, electromagnetic radiation protection limits The basic limit 2,1 2,1.1 occupational exposure: 8h per day working period, according to the body with continuous 6min average specific absorption rate (sar) should be less than 0,1 w / kg. 2,1.2 Public Exposure: 24h in one day within any continuous 6min by the body than the average absorption rate (sar) should be less than 0,02 w / kg. Export limit 2,2 2,2,1 occupational exposure: 8h per day working period, the amount of electromagnetic radiation field within the parameters of the average of any continuous 6min shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 Occupational exposure limits derived mhz frequency range electric field strength v / m magnetic field strength a / m power density w/m2 0.1 ~ 387 0.25 (20) 1) 3 ~ 30 150 / 0.40 / (60 / f) 1) 30, 3000 (28) 2) (0.075) 2) 2 3000 ~ 15000 (0.5) 2) (0.0015) 2) f/1500 15000 ~ 30000 (61) 2) (0.16) 2) 10 Note: 1) is equivalent to the value of the plane wave for the control reference. 2) for the control reference, not as a limit; table f is frequency in mhz; table data have been rounded treatment. 2,2,2 public exposure: in 1 day 24h, the environmental electromagnetic radiation field within the parameters of the average of any continuous 6min shall meet the requirements of Table 2. Table 2 Export limit public exposure to electric field strength mhz frequency range of v / m magnetic field strength a / m power density w/m2 0.1 3 40 0.1 (40) 1) 3 ~ 30 67 / 0.17 / (12 / f) 1) 30, 3000 (12) 2) (0.032) 2) 0.4 3000 ~ 15000 (0.22 /) 2) (0.001) 2) f/7500 15000 ~ 30000 (27) 2) (0.073) 2) 2 Note: 1) is equivalent to the value of the plane wave for the control reference. 2) for the control reference, not as a limit; table f is frequency in mhz; table data have been rounded treatment. 2,2,3 for a radiator or multiple launched several frequency radiator, its the amount of electromagnetic radiation field parameters in any field within a continuous average of 6min and should satisfy (1): where: a radiator i-j band emission level of radiation; corresponds to the j splashed under the action of the electromagnetic radiation exposure limits. 2,2,4 For the electromagnetic pulse, in addition to meet the above requirements, the instantaneous peak of 1.2 in the table shall not exceed the limits _set_ out in 1000. 2,2,5 in the frequency less than the 100mhz in the industrial, scientific and medical equipment such as radiation near the professional workers in the less than 1.6a / m of the magnetic field 8h of continuous work. May 8, 1999 closing of the national status of sources of electromagnetic radiation: radio and television transmitting equipment, a total of 10,235 units, with a total power of 1.3 million kilowatts; a total of 15,335 _set_s of medical equipment engineering, earth satellite 3, the total number of cellular phone base stations, nearly ten thousand; the air like cobwebs in the high voltage transmission lines are all electromagnetic waves leak out firing. We live in a huge microwave oven.
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Recommendations on the prevention of electromagnetic radiation
Prevention recommendations of electromagnetic radiation - extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (power lines, nuclear magnetic resonance, electric railway, electric welding, electric sewing ELF prevention recommendations) who IARC (iarc) and the thematic working groups who assessed that the extremely low frequency (> 0hz-100khz) magnetic fields and childhood leukemia and brain cancer, and when frequency (50/60hz) magnetic field exposure intensity over 0.3μt or 0.4μt when the risk of childhood leukemia increased by 2 times, according to who statistics show that about 1% to 4% of the children was stronger than the long-term exposure to power frequency magnetic field 0.3μt. Although the population of epidemiological data and laboratory data frequency magnetic field still can not prove a causal relationship with childhood leukemia, who in his new publication (2007) Environmental Health Criteria monographs extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the stressed, even though low-intensity electromagnetic radiation environment biological effect mechanisms are not yet clear, it can not rule out the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation can cause harmful health effects. Electromagnetic radiation is everywhere and because almost everyone in the world are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, and thus even if its impact on human health is minimal, it will be of enormous human impact on public health; if some of them are irreversible health effects (such as cancer), then it will result in loss of economic health is painful. who shall take appropriate measures to prevent that extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields on the public known health hazard, in view of the health effects of electromagnetic radiation, there are some scientific uncertainty, who believe that national prevention strategies in the formulation of electromagnetic radiation should be taken into account the power industry the enormous social and economic contribution to low-cost preventive measures should be adopted, and should not be subjective exposure limit will be reduced to the extent inconsistent with the laws of science. (Who translated the following Environmental Health Criteria monographs, 2007 - extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields) who recommended the following: 1. National policy makers should be developed among the public and occupational exposure to ELF electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines; international exposure guidelines is the best exposure guidelines; 2. Policymakers should develop extremely low frequency EMF protection programs, the various emission sources of electromagnetic radiation detection, to ensure public and occupational exposure level of exposure does not exceed exposure limits; 3. Does not affect the health benefits, social benefits and the economic interests of the power industry under the premise of low-cost measures taken to prevent reasonable exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields; 4. Policy makers, community planners and manufacturers in the design of new facilities and new electric power equipment (including appliances included) should be taken in low-cost measures to prevent exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields; 5. If you can produce any additional benefits (such as increased security), or no additional cost or low cost, you can consider changing the existing process equipment or facilities to reduce the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure level; 6. In considering changing the current extremely low frequency electromagnetic field emission source, it should be on safety, reliability and economic benefits into account; 7. Local governments should strengthen the network cable management, power facilities in the new or existing lines of power facilities should be modified to reduce unintentional ground currents, to ensure safety; the forward-looking measures to prevent acts of violation of regulations or cable to determine the existing cable management is costly, may also be unreasonable; 8. National authorities should adopt effective interaction of public policy so that all owners to participate in informed decision-making to form; This strategy should include how to reduce the level of exposure of the owners of the content of their own; 9. Local governments should improve the ELF EMF-emitting facilities planning, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for large emission source location should be by enterprises, local governments and the public good consultation; 10. The government and enterprises should promote the study of electromagnetic radiation to reduce the health effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields of scientific uncertainty.
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Hazards of electromagnetic radiation on the human body
Electromagnetic radiation is a complex of electromagnetic waves to electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other changes over time, the energy transfer. Activities of human life contains a series of bio-electrical activities of these organisms on the environment of electromagnetic wave power is very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation can impact and damage on the human body. Professor Gao Ersheng in his "air-conditioning use on semen quality," pointed out the dangers of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, showing the thermal effect and non-thermal effects of the two major aspects. Thermal effect, when the body is receiving electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic fields in vivo conversion of molecules with fast motion, so that the body temperature, thermal effects will cause the spirit of the central nervous system and plant dysfunction, mainly dizziness, insomnia, forgetfulness and other sub-health performance . Non-thermal effects, that is, the body temperature enough to cause increased absorption of radiation, but also cause physiological changes and responses. Living and working in this environment for too long, there will be dizziness, fatigue, weakness, memory loss, loss of appetite and other symptoms. In recent years, domestic and foreign media reports of harmful electromagnetic radiation has not been broken: Italy each year more than 400 children suffering from leukemia, experts believe is a serious cause of electromagnetic pollution; American Foundation for cancer treatment by electromagnetic radiation damage in some patients sample tests, the results show that working near power lines, their cell growth rate 24 times faster than the average person; of the 20 million children born each year, 35 million were defects in children, of which 25 million were mental defects, some experts believe that Electromagnetic radiation is one of the factors. World Health Organization, 1998, the latest survey, electromagnetic radiation on the human body has five effects: 1, electromagnetic radiation is cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, mutation of the major incentives; 2, electromagnetic radiation on the human reproductive system, nervous system and cause direct harm to the immune system; 3, electromagnetic radiation is caused by pregnant women, abortion, infertility, birth defects and other diseases predisposing factors; 4, the direct impact of electromagnetic radiation overdose children's organizations and development, bone development, decreased vision; liver hematopoietic dysfunction, severe cases can lead to retinal detachment. 5, electromagnetic radiation can decrease male sexual function, female endocrine disorders, menstrual disorders. Formula commonly used electromagnetic Coulomb's law: F = kQq / (r ^ 2); Electric field: E = F / q Point charge electric field: E = kQ / (r ^ 2);
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Electromagnetic radiation protection
1 General 1.1 In order to prevent electromagnetic radiation pollution, environmental protection, protection of public health and promote the legitimate practice of electromagnetic radiation associated with the development of the enactment of this provision. 1.2 The provision applies to electromagnetic radiation pollution in the PRC of all units or individuals, all facilities or equipment. However, this limit does not apply to the protection arrangements for the patient medical or diagnostic irradiation. 1.3 The provisions limit the scope of protection is 100KHZ ~ 300GHZ. The relationship between protection and frequency limits shown below. 1.4 The provisions of the protection limit is the maximum acceptable level of protection, and includes all possible electromagnetic radiation pollution in the total value. All electromagnetic radiation pollution of 1.5 units or individuals, should be the spirit of "as low as reasonably achievable" principle, strive to reduce their pollution levels of electromagnetic radiation. All electromagnetic radiation pollution in 1.6 units or departments, can _set_ their own management limit (standard), the management of each unit or department limits (standards) should be stricter than the limits of this provision. 2, electromagnetic radiation protection limits 2.1 Basic Limits 2.1.1 Occupational exposure: 8H work every day during the period, according to the body with continuous 6MIN average specific absorption rate (SAR) should be less than 0,1 W / KG. 2.1.2 Public Exposure: 24H in 1 day within any continuous 6MIN according to the average whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) should be less than 0,02 W / KG. 2.2 Export Limits 2.2.1 Occupational exposure: 8H work every day during the period, the amount of electromagnetic radiation field within the parameters of the average of any continuous 6MIN shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 Occupational exposure limits derived MHz frequency range electric field strength V / m field strength A / m power density W/m2 0.1 ~ 387 0.25 (20) 1) 3 ~ 30 150 / 0.40 / (60 / f) 1) 30, 3000 (28) 2) (0.075) 2) 2 3000 ~ 15000 (0.5) 2) (0.0015) 2) f/1500 15000 ~ 30000 (61) 2) (0.16) 2) 10 Note: 1) is equivalent to the value of the plane wave for the control reference. 2) for the control reference, not as a limit; table f is frequency in MHz; table data have been rounded treatment. 2.2.2 Public Exposure: 24H in one day, the environmental electromagnetic radiation field within the parameters of the average of any continuous 6MIN shall meet the requirements of Table 2. Table 2 Export limit public exposure MHz frequency range of electric field strength V / m field strength A / m power density W/m2 0.1 3 40 0.1 (40) 1) 3 ~ 30 67 / 0.17 / (12 / f) 1) 30, 3000 (12) 2) (0.032) 2) 0.4 3000 ~ 15000 (0.22 /) 2) (0.001) 2) f/7500 15000 ~ 30000 (27) 2) (0.073) 2) 2 Note: 1) is equivalent to the value of the plane wave for the control reference. 2) for the control reference, not as a limit; table f is frequency in MHz; table data have been rounded treatment. 2.2.3 For a radiator or multiple launched several frequency radiator, its the amount of electromagnetic field radiation field parameters in any average value within a continuous 6MIN and should satisfy (1): where: i a radiator j-band emission level of radiation; corresponds to the j splashed under the action of the electromagnetic radiation exposure limits. 2.2.4 The electromagnetic pulse, in addition to meet the above requirements, the instantaneous peak value of 1.2 listed in the table shall not exceed the limit of 1000. 2.2.5 100MHZ frequency is less than the industrial, scientific and medical equipment such as radiation near the professional workers can be less than 1.6A / M of the magnetic field 8H continuously. According to "Rules for the Implementation Regulations on Protection of Electronic Facilities," provides the voltage levels of wire cable in the calculation of the maximum wind edge bias case, a safe distance from the level of the building as follows: 1 kV Following is 1.0 m and 1 kV to 10 kV as 1.5 meters, 3.0 meters of 35 kV to 66 kV to 110 kV to 4.0 m, 154 kV to 220 kV to 5.0 meters, 6.0 meters for the 330 kV, 500 kV is 8.5 meters. Build high-voltage electric power construction units in the time frame, are in accordance with strict design standards for construction, and fully considered the safety of high-voltage lines. According to "the relevant provisions of the Town Planning", generally 10,000 volts of high-voltage towers and residential buildings, the horizontal distance of 5 meters, 11 million volts of 10 meters, 15 meters 22 million volts, 500,000 volts of 25 meters, the high-voltage tower should try to avoid residential buildings. "Electricity Law" and "Protection of Power Facilities Regulations" are clear that any unit or individual shall not be overhead power line protection district to build buildings and power lines not only refers to the concept of protected areas between buildings and power lines vertical distance, it is the guide line extending horizontally to the outside edge and perpendicular to the ground formed by two parallel plane of the region, according to the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Protection of power facilities," Article 10 of the 110 kilovolt high-voltage protected area of the wire edge extends outward perpendicular to the ground 10 meters and the formation of two parallel plane region. High-voltage effects can be divided into four aspects: frequency electric field, power frequency magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation and ground potential. In the following 220 kV, power frequency electric field is not considered, the frequency of the magnetic field is smaller, mainly electromagnetic radiation interference (and the gap breakdown by corona discharge-based) and ground potential. This phenomenon of tens of meters away from the power line of information technology equipment is fatal. If the phone lines and power lines parallel to the words, electromagnetic radiation interference and noise will be enormous. Radiation generated by high voltage transmission lines, there are two types of interference: the gap breakdown and corona discharge. Gap breakdown occurred in the two high voltage transmission lines close to each other, the potential range between the tip. Gap breakdown, the discharge current produces a wide spectrum of radiation, has been extended to the ultra-high frequency band. Corona discharge is as high as tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of volts to generate a strong electric field around the particle caused by the inertia of the fierce collision, interference with the formation of random interference, and their spectrum in a few MHz or less. In the electromagnetic environment, the harm caused by electromagnetic interference are various, from the simplest disturbing phenomenon until a serious disaster is possible. Give two examples in the United States, can explain the severity of electromagnetic interference. There was a steel plant, due to melting ladle lifting the crane control circuit by electromagnetic interference, and even make a clad steel dumping of water is completely out of control on the ground in the shop, and resulting in casualties. Another example is that a prosthesis with a bioelectrical control disabled, driving a motorcycle, way below the high-voltage transmission lines, due to disruption of the prosthetic control circuit motorcycle out of control, leading to the disaster should not occur. In addition to these two exceptions, end of last year and iron ASTRI Tsinghua University jointly developed comprehensive safety testing high-speed rail cars, during the testing process, whenever the car went three-phase detection of the phase separation point the computer to crash, the car in testing with switches, computers and other equipment, began to wonder why, after numerous repeated inspection and analysis, and finally determine the crash is caused by the rise of ground potential. There are other potential risks of electromagnetic interference, such as in digital systems and data loss during transmission of data; the equipment, subsystem or system-level work destruction; medical electronic equipment malfunction; automatic microprocessor control system the work of the out of control; navigation system malfunction; industrial process control functions such as the failure. According to relevant regulations, high corridor are not allowed within 300 meters kite. As a rule, high-voltage level extension of the outside edges on both sides of 10-20 m range, non-threatening individuals and units to the construction of the safety of power facilities, buildings, structures, and offenders should be held accountable. May 8, 1999 closing of the national status of sources of electromagnetic radiation: radio and television transmitting equipment, a total of 10,235 units, with a total power of 1.3 million kilowatts; a total of 15,335 _set_s of medical equipment engineering, earth satellite 3, the total number of cellular phone base stations, nearly ten thousand; the same air spider are all in high voltage transmission lines leak out electromagnetic emission. We live in a huge microwave oven.
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Recommendations on the prevention of electromagnetic radiation
Prevention recommendations of electromagnetic radiation - extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (power lines, nuclear magnetic resonance, electric railway, electric welding, electric sewing prevention and a very low frequency electromagnetic fields recommended) WHO IARC (IARC) and WHO Special Working Group assessed that the extremely low frequency (> 0Hz-100kHz) magnetic fields and childhood leukemia and brain cancer, and when frequency (50/60Hz) magnetic field exposure intensity over 0.3μT or 0.4μT when the risk of childhood leukemia increased by 2 times, according to WHO statistics show that about 1% to 4% of the children was stronger than the long-term exposure to power frequency magnetic field 0.3μT. Although the population of epidemiological data and laboratory data frequency magnetic field still can not prove a causal relationship with childhood leukemia, WHO, in its newly published (2007) Environmental Health Criteria monographs extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the stressed, even though low-intensity electromagnetic radiation environment biological effect mechanisms are not yet clear, it can not rule out the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation can cause harmful health effects. Electromagnetic radiation is everywhere and because almost everyone in the world are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, and thus even if its impact on human health is minimal, it will be of enormous human impact on public health; if some of them are irreversible health effects (such as cancer), then it will result in loss of economic health is painful. WHO should take appropriate measures to prevent that extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields on the public known health hazard, in view of the health effects of electromagnetic radiation, there are some scientific uncertainty, WHO believe that national prevention strategies in the formulation of electromagnetic radiation should be taken into account the power industry the enormous social and economic contribution to low-cost preventive measures should be adopted, and should not be subjective exposure limit will be reduced to the extent inconsistent with the laws of science. (Translated from the following WHO Environmental Health Criteria monographs, 2007 - extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields) WHO recommended the following: 1. National policy makers should be developed among the public and occupational exposure to ELF electric and magnetic field exposure guidelines; international exposure guidelines is the best exposure guidelines; 2. Policymakers should develop extremely low frequency EMF protection programs, the various emission sources of electromagnetic radiation detection, to ensure public and occupational exposure level of exposure does not exceed exposure limits; 3. Does not affect the health benefits, social benefits and the economic interests of the power industry under the premise of low-cost measures taken to prevent reasonable exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields; 4. Policy makers, community planners and manufacturers in the design of new facilities and new electric power equipment (including appliances included) should be taken in low-cost measures to prevent exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields; 5. If you can produce any additional benefits (such as increased security), or no additional cost or low cost, you can consider changing the existing process equipment or facilities to reduce the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure level; 6. In considering changing the current extremely low frequency electromagnetic field emission source, it should be on safety, reliability and economic benefits into account; 7. Local governments should strengthen the network cable management, power facilities in the new or existing lines of power facilities should be modified to reduce unintentional ground currents, to ensure safety; the forward-looking measures to prevent acts of violation of regulations or cable to determine the existing cable management is costly, may also be unreasonable; 8. National authorities should adopt effective interaction of public policy so that all owners to participate in informed decision-making to form; This strategy should include how to reduce the level of exposure of the owners of the content of their own; 9. Local governments should improve the ELF EMF-emitting facilities planning, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for large emission source location should be by enterprises, local governments and the public good consultation; 10. The government and enterprises should promote the study of electromagnetic radiation to reduce the health effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields of scientific uncertainty. Some are stronger than the long-wave radiation, or who already have a pathological manifestations, mainly reflected in: 1, on the cardiovascular system: headache, palpitations, part of the female menstrual disorder, bradycardia, cardiac blood volume reduction, sinus arrhythmia, WBC and thrombocytopenia, fatigue, decreased immune function, etc.; 2, the nervous system: the performance of memory loss, excitability, insomnia; 3, the visual system: to make eye lens opacities, cataracts caused serious, irreversible organic damage, affecting vision; 4, on the reproductive system: the performance of reduced sexual function, reduced quality of male sperm, so that pregnant women experience spontaneous abortion and fetal malformation; 5, the long period of high electromagnetic radiation environment, make blood, lymph and cell protoplasm changes, affecting the body's circulatory system, immune, hormone secretion, reproductive and metabolic function, serious but also accelerate the proliferation of human cancer cells, induced cancer and diabetes, genetic diseases and other diseases, children may even induce leukemia; 6, patients with pacemakers in an environment of high electromagnetic radiation will affect the normal use of pacemakers. International is widely recognized that electromagnetic radiation is the primary role of the human body caused by thermal effects and nonthermal effects. Electromagnetic radiation, including non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation inside the body of molecular organic molecules can be opened to positive and negative charge, and will produce irreversible organic disease. Generally speaking non-ionizing radiation is the radiation of radio type, which carry the quantum energy is very small, not enough to separate the positive and negative charge molecules, in removing the external Effect or the presence of strong low-field case can also be restored to the organic molecules. " The study showed that the pathogenic effects of electromagnetic vibration frequency as the magnetic field increases, the frequency more than 10 million cycles per second or more, can be a potential threat to humans. Working and living in this environment for too long, electromagnetic interference, so that the original human tissue electric field within the molecular changes in the composition of brain cells to various biological molecules to a certain degree of damage. Produce too much peroxide and other harmful metabolites, and even the DNA of brain cells password malalignment, to create a number of non-physiological neurotransmitter. If long-term exposure to the human body than the dose of radiation safety standards, the human cells will be large-scale destruction or killed. Prevention of Road Electromagnetic pollution standards on the academic debate continues, but we need all kinds of electromagnetic radiation in the environment of work and life, as ordinary and weak in this world one life, what should people how to prevent and reduce the electromagnetic radiation of their own injuries? 1, raise self protection awareness, attention to electromagnetic radiation may harm the human body, to know more about electromagnetic radiation, common sense, learn preventive measures to strengthen security. Such as: application of the manual with electrical appliances, should be strictly in accordance with instructions and standards, maintain a safe operating distance and so on. 2, do not put too focused on household appliances, or are often used together, so as not to expose themselves among the super-dose radiation hazards. Especially television, computers, refrigerators and other appliances should not be concentrated more in the bedroom display. 3, various household appliances, office equipment, mobile phones, should avoid prolonged operation. Such as television, computers and other electrical appliances need to use a long time, attention should leave at least 1 hour each time, by the way looks into the distance or close your eyes to reduce eye fatigue and suffered the effects of radiation. 4, the electrical suspended, it is best not to let them on standby, because at this time, produce more weak electromagnetic fields, for a long time will produce radiation accumulation. 5, the use of various electrical appliances should be kept a safe distance. If the distance between the eyes from the TV screen, usually about 5 times the width of the screen; microwave oven in the open then they have to leave at least 1 meters, pregnant women and children should be kept away from the microwave oven; cell phones in use, should try to keep the head and mobile phone antenna Some distance away, it is best to use separate headphone and microphone to answer calls. 6, consumers involved in the body in the ultra-long dose of electromagnetic radiation environment, the following should be noted that self-protection measures: ① live, work in high-voltage lines, substations, radio, television, radar, electromagnetic wave transmission tower near the staff, patients wear a pacemaker, frequent use of electronic instruments, medical equipment, office automation equipment, personnel, and living in the modern electrical Automation groups of people, especially the weak resistance to pregnant women, children, the elderly and the sick, conditions should be equipped with service for shielding electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic radiation maximum To stop outside the body. ② TV, computers and other electrical equipment can be a display of electromagnetic radiation protection screen installed, users can also wear glasses radiation to prevent the electromagnetic waves radiated from the screen directly on the body. ③ phone electromagnetic radiation exposure to the largest moment release, this is best to have a second or two after the phone rings or the phone ring twice and then answer the call in the batch. ④ television, computers and other electrical appliances can cause radiation generated by the screen skin dry, accelerated skin aging, a serious cause of skin cancer, so in a timely manner after you are finished using the appliance face. ⑤ eat some carrots, bean sprouts, tomatoes, rape, kelp, cabbage, meat, animal liver, rich in vitamins A, C, and protein foods to facilitate the adjustment disorder condition EMF, strengthen the body against electromagnetic radiation. GSM base station radiation on the principle and calculation of transmission power GSM base stations transmit power calculation Now GSM base station is frequency-division multiplexing and time division multiplexing manner of work, in order to raise the capacity of the base station, that is, a base station has multiple frequency transmitter, a frequency commonly used in an emission Circuit boards, professional slang called the carrier frequency, in general, a frequency of transmission power is typically about 15w to 20W. In urban areas, due to greater traffic, and to support mobile Internet business, most urban stations are generally configured for each sector over six frequencies, if the three sectors, the configuration of the frequency of general In the 6X3 = 18 frequencies above. If the frequency of this work 18. It radiated power in 18X15 = 270W or more. General power of mobile phone radiation was 2W, base station radiation power 270W is quite large, so the base station requires a dedicated computer room and power supply facilities, power consumption is also great, most of the room or even the specialized Configuration air conditioning cooling. Photo Link: http://www.radiationhealth.org/News_show.asp?Newsid=21 Reveal the truth: on the performance of electromagnetic radiation and _select_ion of protective clothing (Electromagnetic Radiation and Protection Research Center, http://www.radiationhealth.org/) Many pregnant women face many radiation protection clothing, do not know how to _select_, then let me tell you: At present the kind of anti-electromagnetic radiation garment fabrics are mainly three kinds: (1) metal-coated fabric; (2) metal fiber worsted fabrics; (3) multi-ion fabric lining; Metal-coated fabric is metallized layer (the best that is nano-silver plated) radiation maternity dress, maternity products such radiation better rating, but the disadvantage of radiation maternity dress is a touch hard, poor ventilation can not be washed, these are ordinary people can see the shortcomings. Worsted fabric metallic fiber is a well-known wire blended products radiation maternity dress, maternity products such radiation is the feel good benefits, good ventilation, you can wash, such as a good shielding effect of radiation maternity dress, so Many mothers unilateral fashion, would choose such that radiation maternity dress. Multi-ion radiation fabric is made of metal ion and the Qing-binding cloth, and then made into fabric fibers, and then spun into cloth. Electromagnetic radiation through the Preliminary Determination and Protection Centre, metallized fabric shielding effectiveness of radiation maternity dress the best, followed by metal fibers, textiles, and anti-electromagnetic radiation fabric clothing contained in the _select_ed content of the metal, the type of metal metal in the fabric in approach will directly affect the shielding effectiveness of the final garment. However, holes in clothing apparel for shielding against electromagnetic radiation has a very big impact performance, it can be said to play a decisive factor, as the hole size larger clothing, apparel shielding effectiveness will be greatly reduced, so then your radiation protection ability to service its protection is limited. Therefore, the Centre believes that radiation clothing does have a degree of protection, but the shielding and radiation environment in which I and the holes in clothing has a great relationship, it is recommended: (1) of pregnant women is concerned, best to stay away from radiation sources or do not stay too long in the radiation source; (2) often walk in the place, pay attention to whether there are towers around carefully, and do not stay long under the power lines; (3) the ability of radiation protective apparel and clothing has a very large hole between the radiation and then your ability to service its protection is limited; (4) radiation in the _select_ion of clothing, the price is not necessarily more expensive, the better radiation performance, but to comfort appropriate. Sources of electromagnetic radiation The so-called electromagnetic radiation is an energy form of electromagnetic waves launched into space from the phenomenon of radiation sources. Impact on our environment electromagnetic pollution electromagnetic radiation into natural and man-made electromagnetic radiation of two. Nature caused by thunder, power belongs to a class of natural electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation type, and man-made electromagnetic radiation pollution are mainly discharge, power frequency alternating magnetic field, microwave, radio frequency electromagnetic radiation. Such sources include: (1) Computer, TV, stereo, microwave ovens, refrigerators and other appliances; (2) cell phones, fax machines, communication stations and other communications equipment; (3) high-voltage wires and motors, electrical equipment; (4) aircraft, electric railways; (5) Radio and television transmitters, mobile phone transmitter base stations, radar systems, etc.; (6) The power industry's engine room, satellite ground stations, command centers; (7) Microwave and X-ray and other medical equipment. Radiation index of electromagnetic radiation X ray radiation index: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Blanket radiation index: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Hair dryer radiation index: ★ ★ ★ ★ Microwave radiation index: ★ ★ ★ ★ Computer monitor radiation index and host: ★ ★ ★ Mobile phone radiation index: ★ ★ TV radiation index: ★ ★ Keyboard and mouse radiation index: ★ Copiers, printers radiation index: ★ Security radiation index: ★
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Encyclopedia
dianci fushe Electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation Physics terminology. regular electric and magnetic oscillations, or fluctuations in the same speed of movement, with measurable wavelengths and frequencies are known as electromagnetic radiation. Divided according to their ability to ionizing radiation caused by ionizing and non ionizing radiation. radio waves, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet, X ray and γ-ray are examples of electromagnetic radiation.