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English name: south american freshwater stingray
Commonly known as: Pearl blue dot stingray stingray
Distribution: Amazon River basin. In Brazil, Peru and Paraguay found the record.
Keeping requirements: water temperature: 24 ~ 27 ph: 8.1 ~ 8.4 Specific gravity: 1.020 ~ 1.025
Temperament: ferocious
Species: marine fish, subclass Actinopterygii, ray head, soil Ray Section
Pearl Ray is the more common stingray aquarium fishes, body cylindrical coils, the back color from brown to light brown, creamy on the successful round spots scattered, the shape of pearls, hence the name, but it is difficult to find In the same pattern and color on the performance of the two rays. Belly pure white, mouth and nostrils. The tail spines as a hollow structure, under which a venomous poisonous venom gland and storage of the venom sac of thorns year will replace the 2 or 3 times, the above and a barb. Fish cartilage, bone contains large amounts of resin. Year-round exposure to the bottom, occasionally sneak into the mud, carnivorous.
Fear of fish for local residents, one is considered an early incarnation of the devil. Because they will dig in the circle in the shallows of the local caves, hiding them, people approached the river, if not pay attention to, easy to be the drug of thorns, and dangerous.
It is ovoviviparous, a child can produce up to 12 small fish. Easy to distinguish between male and female, rear disc-shaped body, caudal peduncle on both sides, such as fan-shaped open females, but males have special rod into the mating feet.
Disc-shaped body can reach to 100 cm, weigh up to 15 kg.
1. How to choose a healthy stingray:
(2). Stingray imports: the origin of the rays are divided into rainy and dry seasons, so the import of about stingrays to July to 12 months of dry season (breeding season varies by species) production and price would be more cheaper. Basically, the period during the rainy season, due to capture rays was relatively low, and then make up by the body plate is usually larger, so the price (freight) will be higher, on the contrary, the price will be cheaper, and therefore, the election stingray when purchased can also be taken into account this factor.
(3). Lower Cylinder Handling: stingray very taboo for a significant change in water quality, so when you buy back the new stingray, the next tank with water before the first rays on the small water basin, and leaving only overshadowed by stingray surface of the water (basin capacity to be greater than 3 times the amount of water), use the air pump with a thin tube with simple control valve, the use of cylinder siphon principle higher than the mining basin of water, and adjust the control valve into the water, so that The trickle to a small basin filled, and then out of basin water (do not waste water! then fell back to tank) to the surface, leaving only a high degree of water trickling again, repeat for three times can be directly under the cylinder to the (presumably need to spend 1 hour or so). So be careful stingray time is that it hopes to successfully adapt to the new environment of water quality, reduce the new environment caused by the urgency of stingray. Secondly, under the tank just after the stingray was not immediately begin feeding. This is because the rays are still in urgent and tense relationship. Must be completely appropriate to wait to be a stingray fish tank water to feed after, usually in the first two days after the trial can begin feeding. As for the food, it is best to try many ways, as long as acceptable rays is the best choice.
2. Feeding equipment:
(2). The end of sand: as freshwater stingrays are hidden in the sand under the habit, so if laid end to sand, it should be the best way. However, based on personal experience, laying in the tank after the end of sand, sand stingrays often mess will end, but also spend a lot of time to refresh, this feeder is very inconvenient in terms of . Second, the end of sand may also be because many potential nitrite, which is sensitive to freshwater stingray feeding is also a disadvantage. Thus, individual claims based on the way to the bare cylinder stingray feeding, in addition to easy viewing in addition, also in keeping more convenient.
(4). Other: Ray table and no scales protect the fish, and the protection of the fish's skin tissue is thick, so if you are using a heater explosion-proof glass, they should pay attention to their placement. As for the general quartz heating tube, it must be coupled with measures to protect the cover to avoid stingrays because of careless and burn (this is because the stingray skin thick, so when heated, only Nerve perceived more insensitive result in injury).
3. Feeding method:
(1). Stingray feeding: When the stingray tank after the next few days ago, yet stable, we can do according to their preferred food for the feeding of the feed. Gradually stabilized until the stingray, you can begin training the bait. Stingrays are generally carnivorous fish that whenever a red worms, shrimp, Zhu Wenjin, or loach, are currently keeping the people stingray bait most commonly used. And if someone being kept in the same tank over one or more rays, in the time of feeding should pay attention to the status of the fought over. Of course Lengdong also a good food choice, but to pay attention to their safety and the degree of freshness. When in use, can follow the live bait to use 70%, while the proportion of 30% of frozen food to feed several times and cross. And water quality and growth rate, feeding frequency, feeding depends on the size, nutrition. As the number of feeding according to individual's experience suggests that, in principle, a way to once a day on it. You can then follow the above ratio, the method used for bait fed to the rays of nutrition in the feeding will be more balanced. Generally able to stop feeding if one day a week, then, because the rays can be greatly feeding activities like look, you can also watch the way they are swimming.
4. Water quality parameters:
In fact, the parameters of water quality in terms of rays is very important. However, when the rays meet the water quality after the water quality management coupled with good words, rays, the degree of tolerance to changes in water quality will become very high. Therefore, the water quality parameters as long as not too deteriorated, or change too fast, basically rays can survive very well. To salinity, for example, I have more than six months and will be kept in good condition stingrays, feeding in the high salinity of the environment, they can still survive, just as no salt gland of freshwater stingrays can be used to eliminate salt, but in order to adapt to high salinity produced by the osmotic pressure, will affect the growth rate of stingray, and will it change the body color and the color becomes more bleak.
As for the ph mass, since rays are mostly qualitative origin of the water ph is acidic. If you want to use to meet the water quality of the wild stingray feeding, then it will greatly improve the feeding costs. Second, in Taiwan, most tap water ph is about 7.2 or more, while southern Taiwan may be as high ph value of more than 8, while the hardness of water even higher. In order to allow continuous filtration equipment to be effective, it is best to meet the rays of water quality we provide. Otherwise, in order to reduce ph soft water quality and make it into a large number of chemicals used, in addition to raising the cost of outside and therefore the stability of the water quality becomes bad management and control, but increased the risk of feeding stingray. Usually, after the water through nitrification, as long as the ph value is maintained at between 6.5 and 7.5, the water temperature maintained at between 25 ~ 28 ℃, it can be kept in good stingray. Water exchange time, which was kind enough to fish the size, number is related to changing the water each time the amount and frequency is best to be fixed, the difficulty is that, polyculture with other species strike a balance. People change the water tank is replaced every 3 days, each time replacing 1 / 3. Continued support is better than using water as the new water, it is because most of Taiwan's current residential building relationships. The building because of the use of common water tower, is likely to disinfect every six months once, if the direct use of water, then after the disinfectant in the disinfection will be left in the tap water, which is often generated after changing the water stingrays diseases. Therefore, changing the water with continued support through the water is the safest approach.
5. Fish diseases and treatment:
In fact, freshwater stingrays are not apt to cause disease. Because of its own predators are, and in the natural environment of the food already there are many pathogenic factors, and stingrays can be alive and well, along with individual feeding experience that will really Let the main cause of disease-causing rays are almost always caused by fast changes in water quality. This is because the rays are changing rapidly in water or water containing the stimulus, the time table stingray fish proliferation of white mucous layer of the obvious, such a situation, if not recover in a short time, so that its resistance weakened chance of dying was very high.
Is not easy to get sick because the stingray, the death of fish is not easy. Therefore, individuals do not advocate regular use of drugs. If you use too much because if drugs often cause bacterial resistance, and the fish tank only their own health and the ecological system or cause adverse effects. This will not help any fish. Moreover, it is extremely sensitive because the stingray fish, and sometimes inappropriate use of drugs, but also the resulting death of stingrays. Usually maintain a stable quality, diverse feeding bait fish only strong natural beauty, also less likely to get sick.
6. Other:
(1). Poisonous spines: freshwater stingray of human reason are classified as potentially dangerous fish, because of its spines on the caudal peduncle, in fact, the thorns are not used at the time of prey. They do not take the initiative of the use of poisonous spines to attack, but the time when they are frightened to self-defense. So, when cleaning the tank as long as enough preparation tools, you can prevent by their stab wounds.
(2). Stingray polyculture: In fact, you can polyculture of fish and rays is considerable, as long as the upper layer of large fish swimming can be. But also the appropriate _select_ion of individual behavior, because sometimes we can be recognized by polyculture of fish and rays, stingray attacks occur sometimes the case. For example, I once raised a red dragon stingray attack had occurred the case, so when the choice of species polyculture, or to get along to observe the situation.
7. Conclusion:
Stingray, freshwater fish as normal as could bear different confining the water, even if the rays can tolerate a different environment, but still is a family of fans pay a considerable concern to take care of your water conditions. In fact, in Taiwan have successfully bred many of the records of stingray, such as pearl stingray, black and white rays, leopard rays ... ... and so on. Fans of captive fish, reproduction is the ultimate breeding goal, which is beyond doubt. Stingray during the breeding period, the male will bite the behavior of the females, the females will become over the body Lin injury, will affect its ornamental value. |
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