Breach of the law constitute an offense. "Han Xuan Ji": "Today many people touch taboo in a letter to the offender, I very pity of." Sima Guang Song, "before the matter of amnesty shall not be made Sapporo child": "Chen Fu Du Shouzhao this month on the 23rd, Li Shu crime should be in the pardon former officials, and according to before and after the implementation of Article Chai. "" Water Margin "third seven times:" Villain is a crime distribution Jiangzhou people today miss the first places, no place to go to bed. "Hong Shen" O-kyu Bridge "the first act:" Today you are doing, almost no one is not a crime. "
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Concept
First, the formal concept of crime In the form of the concept of crime is the concept of crime from the legal description of the crime and the characteristics of the formation of the crime, which is expressed as the crime was committed criminal law, criminal acts of illegality has to be subject to punishment. For example in 1810, "the French Penal Code," Article 1 states: "The criminal law in violation of the police criminal punishment, called illegal police crime; laws to punish the crime of criminal punishment, known as misdemeanor; laws to physical punishment as punishment The crime, known as a felony. "This is the legislation of the formal concept of crime. In the form of the concept of crime stems from the principle of legality, can be said to be extended from the principle of legality out of the concept of crime. Form the focus of the concept of crime is a criminal offense sexual acts, the criminal offense of crime or as the sole criterion to distinguish. The so-called form of formal concept of a crime, is the definition of a crime in the sense of legal norms. Thus, in the form of the concept of crime, but also can be called a legal concept of crime. Law with respect to the community, is a form of things, is recognition of a social relationship or social facts. But the law also has a regulatory role in this form of social relationship or social facts, so that this kind of social relations or social facts statutory. On crime, crime is a social objective fact be negative social evaluation is based on a certain value standard behavior. But in the past by the criminal law, such behavior does not yet have a criminal offense, can not be the crime of criminal law sense. It is through the provisions of the criminal law, certain social behavior was converted from a negative evaluation of the behavior of the criminal law on the crime. Thus, the concept of crime in the form of an entity with legal content. More importantly, the concept of crime in the form of a criminal offense of giving offense, so as to identify criminal law provides a standard, which has extremely important implications for the protection of human rights, can ensure the correct implementation of the criminal law. Second, the essence of the concept of crime Is the essence of the concept of crime from the social content of the concept of crime crime crime described formed, that is, a crime described as socially harmful behavior. For example in 1922 the "Russian Criminal Code," Article 6 states: "The threat of the Soviet system and the legal basis for the order of the workers and peasants in the transition period to the communist system created a danger to society for all acts or omissions, are considered to be a crime. "This is the substance of the legislation of the concept of crime. Essence of the concept of crime satisfied the legal definition of the crime, while trying to hide behind the law to reveal the social and political content. The essence of the concept of crime is not a crime as a purely legal phenomenon, but first it as a social phenomenon, in association with the society, reveal the nature of the crime. Since the essence of the concept of criminal law in the form of a breakthrough understanding of crime, so it is to some extent why the answer would be an act of criminal law as a crime problem has real significance. Essence of the concept of crime is established, the crime is placed in the perspective of society to inspect, analyze the relevance of crime and social structure, reveals the reason why the crime should be subject to punishment according to deepen the understanding of this social phenomenon of crime obviously important. Third, the hybrid concept of crime Hybrid concept crime refers unity of form and substance of the concept of crime, that the provisions of the concept of crime, not only reveal the essence of the social content of crime, but also stressed the legal form feature of crime, so the substance of the legal form of social content and characteristics of crime unified concept of crime among the same. 1960 "Russian Criminal Code," Section 7 is considered to be a typical mix of crime legislation of the concept: "Where the provisions of the criminal law against the Soviet social system, the political and economic system, against the socialist ownership, infringement of personal rights of citizens and liberties, political rights and freedoms, labor rights and freedom, property rights and freedoms and the rights and freedoms of other harmful behavior, are considered to be a crime. " In this concept, not only pointed out the characteristic form of crime, crime is limited to the scope of the criminal law provisions, which defined the crime of criminal illegality. More importantly, the concept of crime reveal the substance of a crime, particularly crime reveals the social harm. Thus, the concept is different from the mixed form of crime concept of crime, but also different substantive concept of crime. Of course, the hybrid concept crime, when the form is consistent with the substance of the case, identify the problem of crime is easy to get resolved. However, when the conflict between form and substance, such as sexual behavior of a criminal offense or have no social harm and no harm to society under the criminal law of the case, is in the form of features from the substance or the substance from the form of non-feature, is a worthy of study. The concept of criminal law crime, crime is a hybrid concept of the unity of form and substance. Section 13 of the Criminal Law stipulates: "All the working people against national sovereignty, territorial integrity and security, secession, subversion people's democratic dictatorship and overthrow the socialist system, undermines social and economic order, violation of state property or collective property , violation of civil privately owned property, violation of citizens' personal rights, democratic rights and other rights, as well as other acts that endanger society, should be subject to punishment according to law, are crimes, but the circumstances are obviously minor little risk, and do not think is a crime. "the concept of crime is a crime phenomena of various theoretical generalization, which not only reveals the characteristics of criminal law, but clarifies the social and political content of a crime, so as to distinguish the boundaries Zuiyufeizui standard provides principles.
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Feature
A criminal offense of Criminal law refers violated the criminal law, that a person's actions are consistent with the provisions of the Criminal Law of the constitutive elements of crime. Criminal law is the legal characteristics of the crime, the legal assessment of the criminal acts in the negative. Under the principle of legality, there is no violation of criminal law, there is no crime. Thus, the criminal law is a fundamental feature of crime. Criminal offense of unlawful sex with a specificity different from other violations. In law, violations can be divided into a civil offense, administrative offenses and criminal offenses, in addition to the existence of the proceedings illegal. Common feature of offenses against the law, so the law is the law causes of violations. The law is the power of a wide variety of criminal law sanctions the behavior of other branches of law, and its specification is primarily composed of two parts, the processing is assumed. For example, the "intentional murder, the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment for more than a decade," the criminal law, "willful killing" is guilt; "the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment for more than 10 years" is a legal punishment. Guilt is assumed that part of the norms of criminal law, punishment to deal with part of the Criminal Law. When actions are consistent with the provisions of the criminal law of the hypothetical condition of intentional homicide, should the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment for more than 10 years the legal punishment. In theory, assuming that part of the criminal law, criminal law provisions of the constitutive elements of crime. Only when the perpetrator's actions are consistent with the constitutive elements of crime, their behavior would constitute a crime and impose penalties. Therefore, the law is not a violation of criminal law refers to the criminal law in violation of hypothetical conditions, but rather is consistent. Obviously, the criminal law is the law of the prohibition of violations of criminal law premise. For example, the criminal law on the crime of intentional homicide provisions of the Criminal Code prohibits murder showed. When actions are consistent with the constituent elements of intentional homicide, is a violation of the provisions of the criminal law against murder. Thus, the prohibitions in the criminal law is that criminal law, a person with a criminal act is illegal, its behavior should be whether the criminal law is based on constituent elements of the crime. Second, the law against sexual interest Legal interest infringement refers to the interest protected by the criminal law violations. Here the so-called interest protected by the criminal law, is the legal interests. CRIMINAL LAW vital interests are concerned with social life, to which Article 13 of the Criminal Law on the concept of crime provisions were expressly enumerated, which is the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of the people's democratic dictatorship and socialist system, social and economic order, the state-owned property or property owned collectively by the working people, all of the property of private citizens, citizens' personal rights, democratic rights and other rights. The above legal interests, benefits can be divided into national law, social law and personal law beneficial interests. And the protection of the criminal law these are crimes against the legal interest, therefore, infringement of legal interests reveals the essence of the social content of crime. Violations of criminal law legal interest is expressly provided, so whether legal interests against acts of resistance, should be under criminal law. In this sense, the criminal law is a prerequisite infringement of legal interests. If you do not have an act of criminal law, it is impossible to have a legal interest invasive. Thus, beyond the criminal offense of infringement of legal interests are not recognized, which is a necessary requirement of the principle of legality. Thus, although the legal interests invasive elaborate on the substance of the social content of crime, but it is still subject to criminal violations of restrictions crime. In this sense, the legal interest against the interest of the law against sexual criminal offense within the scope. Infraction law has two cases: one is real harm, the second is dangerous. Real harm is the reality of the legal interests of violations caused, for example, murder, have people killed, resulting in benefits to the lives of others against the law. Danger is the possible behavior has violated legal interest, in this case, the actual damage did not occur, but the benefits of law have been violated in a dangerous state, which is considered to have the same legal interests invasive and has a criminal Punishable. In our criminal law, most behavior is due to have a legal interest in the real harm sexual abuse was defined as a crime, for example, the occurrence of certain legal interests against the results of the results of the statutory elements of the crime committed is so constituted. There are a few acts with legal interest because of the risk of abuse was defined as a crime, including abstract danger and the risk of specific hazards. Where the risk is the risk of an abstract presumption of legislative, judicial activities without authorization, as long as the legally prescribed behavior can constitute a crime. Specific hazards is the danger of judicial determination, and if you do not have this danger, even if there are legal provisions of the act does not constitute a crime. In addition, preparatory acts a crime, attempted acts and suspension behavior, the results are not cause real harm against legal interests, but also because of the risk of having a legal interest against being punished. Third, should be subject to punitive Should be subject to criminal punishment is an important feature, which shows that the country has criminal penalties for illegal and legal interests against sexual conduct penalties. Crime is a prerequisite for the applicable penalties, the penalty is the legal consequences of crime. If a behavior should be punished with the punishment, which means it is not a crime. Not be subject to punitive criminal offense and legal interests against the legal consequences of a negative, it has important implications for crime legislation and judicial determination. In legislation, should be subject to punitive provisions for the legislature to criminalize conduct which has a restraining effect. An act only when the legislature considers it necessary to use the penalty to impose sanctions when its provisions will be in the Penal Code as a crime will give legal evaluation of such behavior in the negative. On the administration of justice, should be subject to punitive crime or boundaries for judicial division also instructive. According to Article 13 of the Criminal Code provisions on the book, but the concept of a crime, an act the circumstances are obviously minor is not considered a crime. These are not considered criminal behavior, there is no need to be a punishment behavior. Therefore, if an important feature should be subject to punitive but also a crime. Here it should be noted, should be punished with the punishment and whether the penalty actually being punished, these are two different concepts. If the lack of an act should be subject to punitive penalties, do not constitute a crime. But not necessarily the actual crime punished by the penalty. Section 37 of the Criminal Law stipulates: "For a minor offense does not need to pass a sentence that can be exempted from criminal punishment." This exempted from criminal punishment is committing a criminal offense premise. This minor crimes, while having criminal penalties should be punished, but because it does not require sentence and exempt.
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Classification
First, felony and misdemeanor In all categories of crime, felony and misdemeanor is the most classic kind of classification. This classification is not only prevalent in civil law countries, but also for common law countries have recognized. In civil law countries, the distinction between felony and misdemeanor from 1810, "the French Penal Code." In addition to felony and misdemeanor, as well as violation of police crime. In common law countries, a felony (felony) as a special kind of crime has a specific meaning, referring to some kind of cruel, violent, evil or despicable things. Therefore, the same classification of felony and misdemeanor, in the two legal systems have different implications. Felonies and misdemeanors, mainly based on the severity of the crime division, its significance lies in physical and procedural divided two ways: from the entity, the division of felony and misdemeanor applicable in the identification and punishment of the crime of a certain significance. For example, the range of punishment and attempted to commit a felony and misdemeanor on related felony attempted generally required punishment, and misdemeanor attempted only been punished in the legal provisions of the occasion. Applicable division of crimes and misdemeanors with penalties of more direct relevance. Such as probation, generally only apply to misdemeanors. From the program, the felony crime and division have some significance in the _select_ion and jurisdiction to determine the level of the proceedings. For example, in the proceedings are divided into general procedures and summary of the case, generally only applicable for misdemeanor simple procedure. In addition, in determining the level of jurisdiction when a felony under the jurisdiction of the higher courts, misdemeanor jurisdiction of the lower courts, which is the general principle. China's criminal law does not expressly provide felonies and misdemeanors, but there are "lesser crimes" and "lighter sentence" provisions in the Penal Code, with respect to the "lesser crimes" and "lighter sentence" scenario, of course, There are "criminal heavier" and "heavier sentence" scenario. Here's a lesser crime and crime is heavier, does not refer to the severity of the points between the different types of crime, but rather with the severity of a crime in another. For example, China's criminal law intentional homicide, is divided into two situations: First, the basic structure, the death penalty, life imprisonment or imprisonment for more than 10 years; Second, to reduce the structure, at least 3 years to 10 years imprisonment. Here's less serious intentional homicide, intentional homicide is the misdemeanor. Second, the nature of statutory offense committed Natural guilty of statutory offense, a crime is an academic classification, this classification involves a basic understanding of the nature of the crime, which is very important. Natural guilty of committing statutory distinction can be traced back to Roman law. Roman law in the ancient Greek ethics vicious theory applies to the understanding of crime, established autologous evil (mala in se) and prohibit evil (mala prohibita) two different types of crime. Until modern times, Garofalo in its conceptual nature of crime, obviously, includes Roman law autologous evil content, on the basis of the formation of the statutory offense committed by a natural dichotomy. In modern civil law theory of criminal law, the nature of the offense committed and the statutory classification is widely recognized, but the standard is to distinguish two types of crime today. There are also similar to the natural sex offenders and legal classification of criminal law in the common law theory, but because of the ambiguity of the classification criteria, in theory, there is no lack denies this view. I think, naturally guilty of committing statutory distinction relates to the relationship between ethics and law. Under normal circumstances, ethics and the law is uniform, any violation of the law, are a violation of ethics, not vice versa. But the extent of the breach of ethics, some heavier, some lighter, which is an undeniable fact. Especially in the case of a subsidiary increasingly developed criminal law, certain crimes simply because the violation of the law and ethical rules not involved gradually increased. In this case, the nature of the offense committed and the statutory distinction has a certain significance. Of course, the nature of the offense committed and the statutory distinction is relative, can be transformed into each other. In the evolution of social ethics, legal commit environmental crimes committed by getting a natural color, which is called the statutory offense of criminal nature. Natural guilty of committing statutory classification has some significance in the Criminal Law. For example, on the issue of illegal sexual awareness, the establishment of an intentional crime are required to have a sense of illegality, there are a variety of opinions, which naturally guilty of committing the statutory distinction between theory, is guilty of focusing on the natural and legal distinction between the nature of the crime committed in advocates of natural law is not required to commit intentional consciousness, the statutory requirements have committed intentionally the illegality consciousness. While this view may not be entirely correct, but the difference is explained due to the natural and legal commit criminal in nature, it may affect the content of its constituent elements. Third, crimes against the private interests of a crime against public law and benefits In civil law theory of criminal law, according to the nature of the crimes against the legal interests can be divided into the criminal offense of crimes against private interests and against the interests of public law. Since benefits can be divided into public law legal interests and social interests of national law, they can be divided into the following three categories of crimes: crimes against individual legal interests of crime, a crime against the interests of society and the state law infringed legal interests. This is a crime classification civil law criminal law theory most widely accepted. Crimes against personal legal interests, against the interests of social law and criminal offenses against state law trichotomy interests, history can be traced back to the original Roman law. In Roman law, the crime of crimes are divided into public and private crime or public and private guilty of committing two categories. Crime is the public interest against the national law and criminal legal interests of society, the legal consequences are penalties; private crime refers to violations of personal legal interests, was initially seen as a dispute between individuals, the relationship between debt only occurs, the victim can only be based on Normal procedures require damages. Later, the victim can initiate criminal private prosecution against private sin, but therefore lose the right to claim damages. Until the Middle Ages, the public and private sin sin classification was replaced by secular and religious crime offenses. Secular crime is a crime under the jurisdiction of the secular authorities, including treason, insubordination and other crimes. Religious crime is a crime trials handled by the church, including the crime of blasphemy, heresy and other crimes. Beccaria the crime into three categories: The first category is directly representative of the community or social damage crimes, crimes that endanger national law benefits. Criminal violations of the second type of private security, that individual legal interests of criminal damage. The third category of crime belonging to the same public interest requires that each citizen should do and should not do things contrary to the behavior that is harmful criminal law society benefits. In the above three categories of crime, the first class and third class is essentially a crime against the interests of public law, similar to the crime of Roman law in public, while the third category is essentially a crime against private interests, similar to Roman law private sin. The classification of a criminal offense other classical school of criminal law experts to flourish and become civil law criminal law theory of crime classification Tong said, and for the construction of the national criminal law system of civil law foundation. For example, in 1810, "the French Penal Code" is a crime against public law benefits private interests against crime and criminal law as its basic framework. It is divided into two major categories of crime that felony and misdemeanor obstruction of public law and benefits of felony and misdemeanor obstruction of private interests to felony and misdemeanor obstruction of public law for the benefit of the criminal law of the first series, in order to prejudice the interests of private law felony and misdemeanor criminal law Title II, thereby forming a criminal law system. Again, in 1871, "the German Criminal Code," although not the crime into a crime against public law and crimes against the interests of private interests, but a crime against the state law crime benefits, social benefits against the law in accordance with this crime against the individual legal interests a generalization, the establishment of criminal law system. Thus, the classification of a crime against public law benefits private interests against crime and criminal law for the establishment of the system is important. China's criminal law on the crime did not use public law does not infringe on private interests and against the interests of the criminal division of law, our criminal law system is based mainly on the nature of crimes against social relations and construction. But the nature of social relations of crime, its contents can also benefit from a crime against the state, violating the interests of society and the angle of criminal violations of personal interests are divided. For example, the crime of endangering national security, harm the interests of national defense crime, corruption and bribery, dereliction of duty and breach of military duties sin nature of a crime against the state's legal interests. Crimes against public security and disrupt the socialist market economic order crimes and crimes against social management order crime against society has a legal interest in the property. Violations of civil rights, democratic rights crimes and crimes against property crime against nature personal legal interests. Thus, against the private interests of crime and criminal violations of public law distinction between benefits for the correct understanding of the system has a certain significance of criminal law. Fourth, domestic crime and international crime From a general sense of criminal law that refers to the crime of domestic crime. When involved in international criminal law, has generated international crime, domestic crime and international crime that has the distinction between theoretical significance. Domestic crime is an act in violation of domestic criminal law, and therefore, in accordance with national criminal law can determine their criminal behavior. International crime refers to violations of international criminal law, international criminal law due to the difference of understanding of the scope of international criminal law and domestic criminal law is not like that kind of certainty. Usually considered criminal offenses under domestic criminal law initially on international crime is developed from foreign crime, transnational crime, international crime and domestic crime and therefore closely linked. Foreign-related crime is an offense with foreign elements, including foreign body, such as the subject of crime are foreigners; foreign object, such as the victim is a foreigner or a foreign property damage; crime to foreign, such as extraterritorial crime, and so on. Foreign crime while having foreign elements, because the crime is considered a standard domestic criminal law, international crime and therefore it is still somewhat different, the two can not be confused. As transnational crime is a crime across two or more countries of the crime. Similarly, there are cross-border crime, criminal means two or more crimes across the region. Transnational, so that it has the nature of foreign crime, transnational crime, but also has characteristics different from the general foreign crime, that criminal behavior across different countries transnational crime. The most narrow performance such transnational criminals are guilty of every land, with the result that the behavior of the implementation of transnational crime occurred respectively in two different countries, one of which within its territory formed. Broadly speaking, the crime itself is implemented in different countries, such as transnational drug trafficking, or the same crime were implemented in different countries and so on. The presence of these foreign-related crime and transnational criminal phenomenon showed that: a crime can not be confined within the country, with the increase in international social interaction, bound with countries related crime. Precisely in order to maintain international order, it is necessary to put some crimes to the international community considered international crimes. International crime is a development from the foreign crime, transnational crime together. Relative to domestic crime, international crime independence and compliance. International independence crime refers to an international crime as a crime against the international community, and it is not only a violation of the relevant country's domestic criminal law and international criminal law in violation of the international community in the form of an international convention enacted, international crime also need to be confirmed in the domestic criminal law, which is called the country of international crime. Therefore, international crime and crime have on domestic compliance. In this sense, international crime recognized in a national criminal law, but is it necessarily distinguish between domestic crime shows, domestic crime and international crime is relative, should see the close ties between the two.
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Features new era crimes
First, the crime rate continued to "climb"; Second, the traditional common types of crime continues to malignant development; Third, pornography, drug offenses, and other crimes in the criminal underworld resurgence of malignant development; Fourth, new types of crime, such as smuggling undermine market economic order, finance, taxation, intellectual property, corporate management order, market order and other economic crime, computer crime, terrorism and other crimes occur frequently, especially in economic crime, the economy has become almost universality of the "normal" behavior; Fifth, the number of crimes increased abnormal psychology; Sixth, common crime, especially organized crime and increasing crime unit; Seventh, the offender constitutes a diversified pattern; Eighth, crime area expansion, while the increase in urban crime, rural crime phenomenon is also increasingly prominent; Ninth, forms of crime tend to internationalization, synchronization growing.
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Encyclopedia
fanzui Crime crime Hazard class interests of the ruling class and the ruling order, according to the law should be sentenced behavior. Class nature of the crime is a crime of human society appears after class social phenomenon, is a certain historical stage in the legal concept of a strong class character. In a class society, the ruling class of the class interests of the infringing acts by the national authority declared a legal form of crime and repressive. In slavery, slave owners in accordance with the law, slave owners enjoy all the rights, which could be killed by slaves, is not considered a crime, and not a little tame slaves, would be accused of a crime which was severely repressed. In feudal society, feudal lords though the law can not arbitrarily kill farmers, but farmers can still deal with the same image processing their personal property. Bourgeois order to obtain their liberation, proposed a series of crime against the feudal principle of equality trespassing off-Leninism, and the slogan "equality before the law" to cover up the crime class content. Penal Code and the bourgeoisie developed a large number of criminal laws to protect property owners, to defend its ruling order, press and forced to endure slavery proletarians, slightly defy is a crime. In a socialist society, any danger to society and should be subject to criminal sanctions act, is also considered a crime. But this behavior harm the interests of the people, and all other exploiting classes of crime in society are fundamentally different in substance class. Definition of national criminal legislation to criminal offenses defined under mainly three different ways: ① according to the following elements of the formal definitions; ② defined under substantive criminal acts; ③ compromise and form under the substantive elements of the definition. Formal definition, that is what the behavior should be sentenced to the penalty for the standard to determine whether it belongs to what crime or crimes committed. Many bourgeois criminal legislation adopted this approach. 1810 "The French Penal Code," the provisions of Article 1 of the crime is defined as follows: criminal law to punish illegal police punishment is illegal police crime; laws to punish crimes of criminal penalties, a misdemeanor; laws to physical punishment or reputation criminal punishment of crime is a felony. Effective January 1, 1975, "the Federal Republic of Germany of the Criminal Code," Article 12 says: sentenced to deprivation of liberty for more than one year is a felony offense; sentenced to 1 year or a fine of illegal deprivation of liberty, is a misdemeanor. American "standard of the Penal Code," the provisions of Section 1.04 of the Code, or violations of other provisions of the U.S. regulations, all punishable by death or imprisonment for a crime. Criminal legislation defined above civil law and common law under the major countries have no real content. Substantive definition, is a direct answer to why this behavior is a crime category. It is criminal legislation adopted in some socialist countries. 1922 "Criminal Code of the Russian Federation" Article 6: "the threat of the Soviet system and the legal order based on the worker-peasant regime during the transition to a communist system created a danger to society for all acts or omissions, are considered to be a crime." This species concept of crime in the future, "the Russian Federation Criminal Code" in the editorial process only made, there is no substantial difference. 1980 "Criminal Law" substantive provisions for the implementation of the concept of crime as: "that endangers the sovereignty and territorial integrity, harm proletarian dictatorship, the destruction of the socialist revolution and socialist construction, destruction of the social order, violation of the people all of the collective property or the property of the working people, infringement of citizens 'lawful private property, violation of citizens' personal rights, democratic rights and other rights, as well as other acts that endanger society, should be subject to punishment according to law, are crimes. " Eclectic essence and form factor definition, both expressed substance crime, punishment and from standard form to be classified as criminal acts and criminal offenses. For example, in 1978, "the Hungarian People's Republic Penal Code," Article 10 (1) and (2) for the criminal acts were substantial explanation that it is an intentionally or negligent acts committed these acts are considered is a danger to society, and the sentence of the law should be. This Code section 11 (1) and (2) again made a formal explanation of criminal behavior, the provisions at least 2 years of deprivation of liberty violations are intentional crime, all of the other offense is a criminal offense. Characteristics of criminal offenses from concept to see Chinese criminal law, crime has the following characteristics: ① social harm. That is the state, the collective or individual citizens have varying degrees of damage. Chinese criminal according to the interests of the National People's legislators, in the Penal Code provides for the different nature of Class 8
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English Expression
: guilt, offence
n.: offense, (commit) crime, the commission of a crime, do wrong, fall from grace, perpetrate a crime, commit a crime, commit a crime, transgression, perpetration, peccancy, misfeasance, misdoing, misdeed, delinquency, delict, culpa, criminality, Crime, conviction, commitment
v.: offend, trespass, commit, sin
vt.: seduce, transgress
French Expression
v. commettre un crime
Thesaurus
commit an error denaturalization, Degeneration, degenerate, deteriorate, astray, pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable （, degradation, descend step by step aeration, degenerate, addle, condition, decrease in quality, debase, abnormality, buckle, rot, rot, decay, backing, regress, backslid, move or turn back, feedback, regress, recover, bianzao, turn `sour become unfavourable or unpleasant, variation, variation, sport, aberrance, comedown, decrease, dilute, deadness, wane