Severe oxidation; consumption of fuel and give off light, heat and gas
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No. 3
Combustion of coal in the oven
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No. 4
Fire
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No. 5
Dry leaves immediately on contact with the fire burning
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No. 6
Severe oxidation and heat emitting material. Ba Jin's "fire": "I have been across the river look across the fire scene, I like to see burning in the city of Rome." "Contemporary" No. 3, 1981: "Want Want bonfire is still burning, my roasted cheeks are a bit sore. "
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No. 7
Analogy of things in the warm state. Brief Introduction to "trouble the other students in mind," the first chapter: "Heat of patriotism in every corner, every patriotic compatriots hearts burning." Ai Wu, "a lesson in philosophy of life" three: "only every bone, every a blood vessel, each one cell, are simply burning an original idea: I want to live. "Zhou Erfu" Shanghai Morning "Part 6:" The thought of these things, sad heart, hatred The anger raging in the chest burning. "
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No. 8
Usually refers to fuel and oxygen in the air occurred in a fever of intense light oxidation. Sometimes does not have to participate in oxygen. Such as hydrogen burning in chlorine. Therefore, broadly speaking, any heat, light, said the intense combustion of chemical reactions.
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No. 9
Combustion (burning) is a fast-oxidation, light and heat generation process. The three things are necessary coexistence of combustion can occur, which are combustible fuel (fuel), combustion materials such as oxygen (oxygen) and temperature to achieve ignition - heat (heat), called the burning of the three elements - fire triangle ( fire triangle). Combustion conditions: There combustibles Achieve ignition of combustible materials Exposure (air) and oxygen Fuel vigorous oxidation reaction with a luminescent oxygen in the air is called the heat of combustion. Generally speaking generally have oxygen combustion to participate, but in some special cases the combustion can be carried out under anaerobic conditions, such as the combustion of hydrogen in chlorine, magnesium and the like of carbon dioxide in the combustion. The broad definition of combustion: the burning heat of the light emitting means any violent chemical reaction, oxygen does not have to participate in, such as magnesium (mg) and carbon dioxide (co2) reaction of magnesium oxide (mgo) and carbon (c), the reaction participate without oxygen, but it is serious chemical reaction shine, also belong to the burn areas. Related words: Incendiary: A goal can cause burning of the bullets or bombs, usually aluminum thermal agent, phosphorus, napalm and other incendiary agents. Also called incendiary bombs.
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Combustion conditions
There fuel combustion conditions Achieve ignition of combustible materials Exposure (air) and oxygen Fuel vigorous oxidation reaction with a luminescent oxygen in the air is called the heat of combustion. Generally speaking generally have oxygen combustion to participate, but in some special cases the combustion can be carried out under anaerobic conditions, such as the combustion of hydrogen in chlorine, magnesium and the like of carbon dioxide in the combustion.
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Burning definition
Burning general chemically defined: Burning is a dramatic shine chemical reactions. The broad definition of combustion: the burning heat of the light emitting means any violent reaction, oxygen does not have to participate in, such as magnesium (Mg) and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the reaction of magnesium oxide (MgO) and carbon (C), the reaction is not Oxygen participate, but it is serious chemical reaction shine, also belong to the burn areas. While not necessarily a chemical reaction, such as combustion fuel.
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Burning species
(1) flashover Flashover is the flammable or combustible liquids out of the volatile vapors mixed with air, the case of flash Jimie combustion phenomena occurring sources of ignition. Flashover phenomenon occurs lowest temperature point is called the flash point. On fire management categories, the flash point of less than 28 ℃ liquid zoned CPI is also called liquid flammable liquids, flash point greater than 28 ℃ less than 60 ℃ called the B liquid, called a flash point greater than 60 ℃ Class C liquid, B, C categories and collectively liquid combustible liquids. (2) ignition Ignition of combustible material by means external fire source direct effect sustained combustion fire phenomenon starts in the air. This material started the fire continued to burn in the lowest temperature point is called ignition. (3) spontaneous combustion Spontaneous combustion of combustible material means no external source of fire in the air action, by the accumulation of heat reaches a certain temperature combustion phenomena sometimes occur. Spontaneous combustion heat sources: a. gradual accumulation of external heat, mostly physical in nature. b. material itself generates heat, mostly chemical and biological properties. (4) explosion Refers to the rapid oxidation of explosive material in an instant or decomposition reaction produce large amounts of heat and gas, and the enormous pressure to dramatically impact the occurrence and spread around the huge sound phenomenon. Flammable gas, vapor and air mixture or powder composition can explode in a fire source said the explosion limit concentration, the minimum concentration is called the lower explosive limit, the maximum concentration is called the explosion limit. Below the lower limit is neither explosive nor burn in case of fire, higher than the upper limit, though not explosive, but can burn.
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Burning form
1. Diffusion combustion Combustible gases and mutual diffusion of air molecules, were mixed in concentrations outside the explosive range, fire source that can catch fire and burn. 2. Evaporation burning Flammable liquids such as gasoline, alcohol, and evaporated vapor is ignited to produce a fire, it releases heat to further heat the liquid surface, thereby continuing to promote evaporation of the liquid, the combustion continues. Naphthalene and sulfur vapor at room temperature and although the solid produced, but after heated, melted or sublimated to generate steam, the same evaporation combustion. 3. Decomposition Combustion Refers to the combustion process combustibles first case of thermal decomposition, the decomposition products and oxygen react to produce combustion, such as wood, coal, paper and solid fuel combustion. 4. Surface Burning Combustion air and solid surface contact area proceed. For example, burning wood, and finally no decomposition of combustible gases, leaving the solid carbon, the carbon is burned in air and the solid surface of the contact portion, the surface can produce red hot, no flame. 5. Mixed combustion Combustible gas with the combustion gas space of the container sufficiently diffused or mixed, in a concentration within the explosive range, then the fire source i.e. combustion occurs, the combustion space in the gas mixture is distributed quickly, so called mixed combustion. 6. Smoldering Some solid fuel does not flow in the air, the heating temperature is low or multi-fuel moisture conditions, such as occurs only smoke-free flame burning.
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Combustion process
1. Combustion of different states of matter All substances in the natural world, at a certain temperature and pressure, are in a state (solid, liquid, gaseous) present. Solid, liquid, gas or three states of matter. Process for burning these three states are different. Solid and liquid combustion occurs, need to go through decomposition and evaporation, the generated gas, and the combustion gas composition and the oxidizing agent occurs. After evaporation of the material does not require gas, can be burned directly (A) combustion of the solid material The solid material is shaped. Its chemical structure is compact, so that the solid state at room temperature are present. Chemical composition of the solid matter is not the same, some relatively simple substances such as sulfur, phosphorus, potassium and other elements are constituted by the same; some more complex, such as wood, paper and coal, is a combination of elements compound. Due to the different chemical composition of the solid substance, the combustion conditions are not the same. Some thermal decomposition of the solid material can be directly evaporated to generate a gas, and then combusted. Some solid material after the first molten liquid is heated, and then vaporized combustion, such as sulfur, phosphorus, waxes and the like. Further, the melting point and heat decomposition of various solid materials are not the same temperature, some low, some high. Low melting point and decomposition temperature of the material, combustion occurs easily. If celluloid (nitrocellulose) will soften in 80 ~ 90 ℃ when started at 100 ℃ decomposition, 150 ~ 180 ℃ when spontaneous combustion. However, most of the decomposition temperature and the melting point of the solid material is relatively high. If wood is heated to evaporate the water first, the precipitation of carbon dioxide and other non-combustible gases, and then began to break out the outer layer of combustible gaseous products, while giving off heat, oxidation started violently, until the flame appears. In addition, the rate of combustion of solid matter volume and size of the particles and their related small is fast, big is slower. If dissipate into the atmosphere than the stack of wood logs burning piles fast, the reason is that the contact surface of the large wood and oxygen, burning more fully, so the burning speed is fast. (2) the combustion of liquid substances Is a flow of liquid substance, there is no certain shape. Combustion, highly volatile, many liquid at room temperature, floating on the surface of a concentration of the vapor can be encountered in combustion ignition source. Variety of types of liquids, their different chemical composition, the combustion process is different, if the chemical composition of gasoline, alcohol and other flammable liquids is relatively simple, low boiling point, can be volatile under normal circumstances, the combustion can be directly Evaporation of the liquid component to generate the same gas, the oxidant and combustion. While some of the more complex chemical composition of the liquid combustion, the process is more complicated. Such as crude oil (petroleum) is a multi-component mixture, the combustion, each of the first oil evaporation various gas components after combustion. Burning oil and other liquid single component as combustion, it is first evaporated and the lower boiling components of combustion, then is the higher boiling component. (3) combustion gas Flammable and combustible gas such as combustion does not require a solid, liquid substances that are melted and evaporating, the preparation process, the heat generated in the combustion gas is only required for the oxidation or decomposition of the gas and the gas is heated to ignition, it is easy to burn, and fast burning speed. Gas burner has two forms, one diffusion combustion; Second, the power to burn. If the combustible gas and combustion air while mixing, this is called the diffusion combustion burner (or stable combustion). If cooking is the use of liquefied petroleum gas tank diffusion combustion. If the combustible gas and air mixing prior to combustion been encountered immediately explosion ignition source, form a combustion, the combustion burner is called dynamic. If petroleum gas tank valve leakage, leaking gas and air to form an explosive mixture, an encounter ignition source, it will explode in the form of combustion, and changes in the leak of the diffusion combustion. 2. Complete combustion and incomplete combustion Substances can be divided into complete combustion and combustion incomplete combustion. Those who can not continue to produce new substances after burning biomass burning, is called incomplete combustion; who after biomass burning, burning can continue to produce new substances, called incomplete combustion. Why the material will be two different forms of combustion it? Mainly because of the different conditions under which the burning material. Material combustion, if the air (or other oxidants) sufficient for complete combustion occurs, whereas the incomplete combustion occurs. New substances produced after burning substance called combustion products. Which can be dispersed in the air, people see cloudy combustion products, called smog. The product material is called complete combustion complete combustion. Incomplete combustion of the resulting material is called the new products of incomplete combustion. Combustion products have a significant impact on the fire fighting and rescue work. Beneficial effects are: First, a large number of products of incomplete combustion is generated, the combustion can be prevented. After complete combustion, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide generated by diluting the oxygen content of the combustion zone, thus interrupting the combustion substance in general. Second, according to the direction of flow of the smoke characteristics and to identify the burning material, the fire source and determines the direction of the spread of fire. Related words: Incendiary: A goal can cause burning of the bullets or bombs, usually aluminum thermal agent, phosphorus, napalm and other incendiary agents. Also called incendiary bombs. Flamethrowers, directional mines, artillery cicadas, rockets, grenades, mines (mines), bombs and other containers containing the burning material.
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Prerequisites burning
Combustion, commonly known as fire, refers to an exothermic reaction with oxidants occurring combustible material, usually accompanied by flame, glowing and fuming phenomenon. Having three combustion characteristics, i.e., chemical reaction, heat, and light. The occurrence and development of biomass burning process must meet the following three requirements, namely: fuel, oxidizer and temperature (ignition source). Only these three conditions are met, it may happen combustion phenomena, no matter what condition the lack of combustion can not occur. However, not all three conditions exist, it will happen combustion phenomena, the interaction of these three factors must also take place burning. 1, fuel: all with oxygen in the air from combustion or other chemical reactions oxidant substance called combustibles. According to their physical state is divided into combustible gas combustibles, flammable liquids and combustible solid three categories. Combustible substances are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, some metals such as magnesium, aluminum, calcium, can, under certain conditions the combustion, there are many substances such as hydrazine and ozone at high temperature can be discharged through their decomposition light and heat. 2, oxidants: combustible material assistance and support to the burning material, which can occur with combustible oxidation reaction called oxidants. Oxidant in the combustion process is primarily free oxygen in the air, in addition such as fluorine, chlorine, etc. may be used as the oxidant combustion reaction. 3, the temperature (ignition source): means supplying combustion fuel and oxygen or a source of energy of the combustion reaction occurs. Common thermal energy, there are other chemical changes in thermal energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, etc. 4, the chain reaction: there flaming chain reaction. When some combustible material is heated, it will not only vaporize, and the combustible elements will occur pyrolysis to produce free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical forms, free radicals and other molecules can react with, leaving the combustion carried out continuously, which is burning chain reaction.
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Combustibles
All with oxygen in the air from combustion or other chemical reactions oxidant substance called combustibles.
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Types of combustibles
Wide range of combustible materials, the list goes on. Depending on the chemical structure, combustible material can be divided into two major categories of inorganic and organic combustibles combustibles. Inorganic combustible inorganic elemental are: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, hydrogen and the like; inorganic compounds: carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, carbon disulfide, hydrazine, hydrocyanic acid . The organic fuel and can be divided into low molecular weight polymers, can be divided into natural and synthetic. In addition to multi-halogenated organics such as carbon tetrachloride, fluoride - chlorine monobromomethane (1211) and other non-combustible and can be used as fire extinguishing agent, the other most of the organic compounds are flammable. Organic combustible substances are: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, alcohol, oil, coal, wood, cotton, linen, paper and three synthetic materials (synthetic plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber) and so on. Depending on the physical state of the fuel and fire hazard characteristics, referring to the classification of dangerous goods, whichever is the danger of explosion combustion type, plus the general combustibles (not classified as dangerous goods combustibles), can be flammable was separated into six categories, namely explosive substances; pyrophoric substances; water combustible substances; combustible gases; flammable and combustible liquids; flammable, combustible and fire resistant solid six categories. Classification of dangerous goods can burn toxic chemicals, radioactive substances and corrosive substances belonging to the above six categories based on physical state and combustible nature. Should be noted that the organic peroxide oxidizing agent, and can be decomposed because of its hydrocarbon-containing elements, so they are also flammable substances. In addition, a class of explosive substances in certain explosive compounds such as nitroglycerin and other molecular structure containing oxygen, such as some of the explosive mixture containing black powder and other chemical oxidants, these substances exist in the absence of oxygen can burn or explode, which should be noted. The above six categories following are examples of each type of fuel: The first explosive substance Ignition equipment are: fuse, ignition wire, ignition rods; Detonating devices are: detonating cord, detonators, etc.; explosives and explosive drugs: meth ring three times three Nitramine (RDX), four nitrification pentaerythritol (Taian), nitroguanidine, ammonium nitrate explosives (ammonium nitrate explosive ), nitroglycerine mixed explosives (glial explosives), nitrocellulose or nitrocellulose (nitrogen content above 12.5%), perchloric acid (concentration of more than 72%), black powder, trinitrotoluene (TNT), three nitrophenol (picric acid), sodium azide, diazomethane, tetranitromethane, etc.; Other explosives are: small-caliber bullets, shotgun cartridges, flares, shell, exercises with cardboard grenades, fireworks, firecrackers and other. The second category pyrophoric substances Level of spontaneous combustion (oxidation or decomposition in the air easily, the heat caused by spontaneous combustion) are: phosphorus, nitrocellulose film, aluminum and iron flux, triethyl aluminum, tri-isobutyl aluminum, triethyl boron, triethyl antimony , diethyl zinc, 651 oxygen catalyst, aluminum wire welding kits, etc.; Two spontaneous combustion (oxidation in air can slow fever caused by spontaneous combustion) are: greaseproof paper and its products, linoleum and its products, and its products tung oil cloth, silk and oil products, vegetable oil impregnated cotton, linen, wool, hair, and wild silk fiber, soft mica flakes. Class III water combustible substances (also known as flammable when wet) A water combustible material (with water or acid fast response, produce combustible gas, heat, can easily cause self-combustion) are: Potassium, sodium, lithium, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride four, sodium hydride, calcium phosphate, calcium carbide (carbide) carbide, aluminum, potassium amalgam, sodium amalgam, sodium potassium alloys, magnesium aluminum powder, ten borohydride, five boron and hydrogen; Secondary water combustible substance (or acid reacts with water slowly, producing a combustible gas, heating, are unlikely to cause self-combustion) are: lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide), sodium hydrosulfite (hypo), metal calcium, zinc, hydride, barium hydride, potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride. The fourth category of combustible gases Class A combustible gas (LEL <= 10% are: hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, vinyl chloride, formaldehyde, methylamine, ethylene oxide, coking gas , water gas, natural gas, oil associated gas, liquefied petroleum gas, such as; B combustible gases (LEL ≥ 10%) are: ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur, carbon dioxide, furnace gas. The fifth category of flammable and combustible liquids China's "architectural design code for fire protection" will be capable of burning liquid into the CPI liquid, liquid B, C liquid categories. Cf classification of dangerous goods, the above Class A and Class B liquid classified as a flammable liquid, the liquid classified as Class C flammable liquids. A, B, C liquid divided by the closed cup. CPI liquids (flash point <28 ℃ = are: carbon disulfide, hydrogen cyanide, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, 1 - hexene 2 - pentene, 1 - hexyne, ring hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, butyl chloride, methanol, ethanol, 50 degree wine, n-propanol, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate , acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, furan, pyridine, or petroleum ether; B liquid (28 ℃ ≤ Fp <60 ℃ =: n-nonane, n-decane, diethylbenzene, n-propyl benzene, styrene, n-butyl alcohol, formalin, acetic acid, ethylenediamine, nitric methane, pyrrole, kerosene, turpentine, mustard seed oil, pine perfume; C liquid (flash point ≥ 60 ℃): n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, biphenyl, bromobenzene, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol (glycerine), phenol, benzaldehyde, n butyric acid, chloroacetic acid, ethyl benzoate, dimethyl sulfate, aniline, nitrobenzene, furfuryl alcohol, machine oil, aviation oil, spindle oil, lard, tallow, whale oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil , tung oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil. VI flammable, combustible and flame solid China's "architectural design code for fire protection" will be able to burn solid divided into A, B, C, D four, cf classification of dangerous goods can be A, B classified as flammable solids solid, solid classified as Class C flammable solids, D, solid flame was placed into a solid. CPI solid (low flash point and ignition point, flammable, burning speed, toxic combustion products): red phosphorus, phosphorus trisulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, flash powder, sodium amide, nitrocellulose (nitrogen content> 12.5%), diazo amino benzene, nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene, hydrazine, dinitro naphthalene, p-nitrophenol, 2,4 - dinitro-resorcinol, 2,4 - dinitro anisole, 2,4 - dinitrotoluene, polystyrene beads, etc.; B solid (BEL class of solid combustion performance is poor, but also smaller toxic combustion products) are: safety matches, sulfur, magnesium (magnesium ribbon, magnesium roll, magnesium turnings), aluminum, manganese powder, titanium powder, aminated lithium amide, calcium naphthalene, camphor ball 2 - methylnaphthalene, stearyl acetate, benzene sulfonyl hydrazide (foaming BSH), azobisisobutyronitrile (blowing N), camphor, Health rosin, three pom pom (low molecular weight, degree of polymerization of 8 to 100), thermal glue (including rosin, sulfur, aluminum, etc.), cloth nitrocellulose, nitrocellulose film, nitrocellulose lacquer paper, celluloid plates or tablets; (C) a solid (Ignition> 300 ℃ high melting solids and ignition <300 ℃ natural fibers BEL combustion performance, poor solid B are: paraffin, asphalt, wood, charcoal, coal, polyethylene, polypropylene plastic , Plexiglas (polymethyl methacrylate plastic), polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer plastic (ABS), natural rubber, butadiene rubber, polyurethane foam, viscose, polyester (poly polyethylene terephthalate resin fibers), nylon 66 (polyhexamethylene acid diamine resin fibers), acrylic (polyacrylonitrile resin fiber), polypropylene (polypropylene resin fibers), wool, silk, cotton, hemp, bamboo, cereal, flour, paper, weeds and storage of fish and meat; Class D solid (high temperature when subjected to fire or fire in the air is difficult, difficult micro-burning, charring difficult, there are self-extinguishing) are: asphalt concrete, treated wood by the fire and fabrics, cement particle board, phenolics, polychlorinated vinyl, plastic urea formaldehyde, melamine plastic.
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◆ music album of the same name
Basic Information Album Chinese name: Burning Singer: Sun Nan Music style: Pop Release Date: January 14, 2004 Area: Mainland Language: Mandarin Sun Nan - Burning Album Description A divergent light, heat, sound Mighty Love A range of 16 degrees beyond good voice <Chemical super man> Queen producer Matsuo Jie, winning the first male Chinese Taiwan, Japan, the two places, the four men who make love songs joint action Matsuo Jie, Li Cai Song, Steve Chou, including Komatsu Media with record-SunMan Sun Nan Up to eight history of popular TV series theme song! Tracks 01. Chemical effects 02. Defense alone 03.I Know 04 Burning 05. Forgotten sorrow 06. Masterpiece 07. Too honest 08. Will not 09 I'm waiting for you 10. Point a song to myself
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◆ namesake game
Chinese name: Burning Name: Burn Released: 2007 Country: United States Language: English Game production: destan Game Publisher: MagnusSoft Genre: FPS Official Website: http://www.burnthegame.com/ Game Description (original translation: renchongyi @ VeryCD) The story takes place in 2055, Dark is a mysterious unknown world of the future role, he will appear in a world war. His fight for the employment side, while the warring parties have hired him. His superior ability, that people do not believe he is a human, in the whole course of the war had never lost any battle. Later, the official announcement of the end of the war, but the Dark is still fighting, nobody knows why. Government Reward, who kills Dark will get the reward. However, in order not to chase thus causing major forces bounty vicious competition, regulations and only one winner can go Dark duel. Game features: ◎ rich multiplayer games ◎ LAN support for up to 8 people online ◎ strong physical system objects may damage ◎ advanced picture engine: support HDR, soft particles, displacement mapping, real-time lighting, Alpha shadow
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◆ Japanese film of the same name (Brulee [French])
brulee This is a story about twin taboos of love, by a pair of monozygotic twins real star, title brulee French, in English probably burn (burn) mean, you want to meet, but can not meet, so to put out the fire ...... Since the age of 4 in a "accident" and separated monozygotic twins, living in the northeast seaside city, constantly arson twin sister day Mingzi Hinako, one day holding her grandmother's ashes from Kyushu to the water that the child's twin sister, Minako , separated by 13 years and then will be, supposed to be the beginning of a happy life, but a helpless lie has changed everything, in fact, the original grandmother did not die, but that is suffering from malignant brain tumors in the death of her sister wanted to see her sister again excuses, never been able to determine the implicit truth sister ran away from home, in a kind of waiting for the tram, when suddenly a strong hunch ...... day Mingzi house on fire, "There is no water on the children, to put out the fire", they pull working together fled south sea ever been ...... Starring: Erika Nakamura (sister) in the village of Mei Xiang (sister) This is a pair of monozygotic twins real 1986 Born in Tokyo November 25 brulee1 sister Erika Nakamura currently enrolled in the Department of Social Innovation Seijo University (combination of law, political science department of general policy, sociology, psychology and other social sciences, all this is only one university in Japan to open this series). Even without opening and sister also understand each other's ideas. However, the gap in terms of favorite foods and interest is growing. Specialty is cleaning the house, playing the piano, playing volleyball. Mika Nakamura sister is currently studying at Hosei University Business Department. Benefits of twins is extensive contacts, and also his sister's friend's friend, resume with no photo on the use of sister. From elementary school began to keep a diary. Is learning French, German, Chinese and Arabic. "Brulee" October 25, 2008 premiere Debut "Brulee" just released Kenta Hayashida director died suddenly on October 1, 2009, announced the death on the 7th, only 32 years old. Hayashida April 22, 1976 Born in Suita, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Japanese film school when the director of "Tokyo free market" has won awards at the 4th session of the indie's Film Festival. After finishing school, he served as screenwriter Jun pool-side policy aide, has written the script Asahi Taiwan drama "No Sakura 2", also directed the DVD "Love of morphine." His next film was originally planned to shoot World War II girl living in Hiroshima, however, due to sudden death, this plan never came true.
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Encyclopedia
ranshao Combustion combustion Fuel and oxygen or air and the rapid exothermic oxidation reaction of light, and appears in the form of a flame. The burning of coal, oil, natural gas is the main source of energy in various sectors of the national economy power. Modern development of rapid surge in demand for energy and aerospace technology, and promote the hydrodynamics, chemical kinetics, combined heat and mass transfer, so that the development of the combustion leap disciplines; hand to eliminate the burning fire for the purpose of development of technology has also promoted the study of combustion theory. In the combustion process, performed between the fuel, oxygen and combustion products of the three momentum, heat and mass transfer, how to form such a flame and a complex structure of component concentration ranges of temperature and two-phase flow. These pass through the laminar flame inside the molecule transfers or micro-group transfer to achieve turbulence, turbulence places industrial combustion devices based micro-group transfer. Explore the speed of the combustion chamber, concentration, temperature distribution law and the mutual influence between them is an important study of the combustion process from the point of view of fluid mechanics. Due to the complexity of the combustion process experimental techniques to explore is the primary means of Combustion Engineering. Calculated recently developed combustion, combustion process through the establishment of a physical model of the differential equations of momentum, energy, chemical reactions numerical solution, so that the combustion flow field inside the device, fuel ignition and combustion heat transfer process, flame stability study engineering problems made significant progress. Combustible fire to start burning. Fuel must have a certain initial energy reaches a certain temperature and concentration, to produce a sufficiently fast reaction rate and fire. Most of the homogeneous combustion of the combustible gas is a chain reaction, the concentration of active substance in the middle of which play a major role. If the chain to produce faster than the chain termination rate, the concentration of reactive intermediates will continue to increase, after a period of accumulation (induction period) will automatically fire or explosion. Radiating outwardly conditions except the ignition temperature of the combustible mixture and the relevant characteristics, but also with the ambient temperature and pressure, the reaction vessel shapes, size and so on. When the heat released by the oxidation heat loss over the system, the fuel will heat up quickly and fire. This same fire flow and heat transfer has close ties called heat fire, it was on fire most of the fuel in the combustion process equipment experience. Strong activity in the fuel, the higher the pressure within the combustion system, and less heat dissipation case, thermal ignition temperature of the fuel becomes lower. Under certain pressure, the concentration of combustible materials causing fire low and high limits, outside this range, no matter how high the temperature can not fire. At atmospheric pressure, fire nature of some combustible gases in the air as shown in the table. More commonly used in the project was forced to fire ignition method is that it is an external energy or hot objects such as spark, igniting the torch, high temperature gas cooled reflux and other combustible materials to ignite. First appeared in parts of the flame lit, and then through turbulent mixing and heat transfer, flame front gradually extended to the entire combustible materials. Forced to fire into the surrounding combustible gas is heated by the ignition source, fuel ignition temperature is higher than the auto-ignition temperature. Fire raged light, exothermic reaction interface or space is called a flame, the brightness depending on the nature of combustibles. Hot flue gas emitting weak form of white flame. If the combustion zone with solid particles (e.g., carbon black), there will be a strong luminous flame. Flame front propagation combustible mixture formed in the combustion wave. Combustion wave propagation in two ways: one is normal combustion, is caused by the combustion gas heat transfer so that the temperature does not rise, or due to diffusion of the active intermediate species to cause a reaction in the unburnt gas combustion. Typical normal combustion flame speed of about 50 cm / sec, a flame thickness of several millimeters at atmospheric pressure, to complete the combustion in the combustion wave. Typically combustion and jet engine combustion equipment inside is such a case. Another type of detonation (also known as detonation), rely on thin shock propagation of surface waves on both sides of the pressure and temperature can vary times, or even more, so that the speedy completion of combustibles in shock after the combustion zone reaction. Propagation velocity of detonation of up to 2 to 5km per second (explosive gases) or 8 to 9 kilometers (solid and liquid explosives), which has a strong destructive power. In normal combustion flame is usually encountered are: Premixed flame and flammable gas with air or oxygen at the stoichiometric combustion of the premixed flame is formed, known as dynamic flame. Chemical reaction confined within very narrow flame front, to a certain speed to spread a combustible gas. Flame front displacement method to speed
n.: phosphorous bomb, flaming, burn with a brighter flame, process of burning, catch alight, kindling, inflammation, ignition, fire, combustion
v.: burning, burn, flare, flame, burn brightly but briefly or unsteadily, enflame, produce heat or light, be on fire or alight, inflame, kindle
adj.: on fire, ablaze, burnable
vt.: combust, burnt
French Expression
v. brûler
Thesaurus
fusing, in flames, fire, Fire, choler, rage, indignation, send out light and heat withoutflame, firing, afire, hostile, war-path on fire calorify, Hair gloss, glow, glisten, alight, febris burst into flame(s), burst into flames wink, flash, flash, dance, bicker, move back and forth lightly and quickly, scintillate, gleam, marrow, brightness