From Kunming to Lashio in Myanmar International Road. Length of nearly 1000 km. Opened in 1938 across the board. China section of Kunming-Wanding 960 km long, Kun Wan Road was renamed in 1966.
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Burma Road
This is a Sino-Japanese War was born in the flames of international channels. This is a western Yunnan flesh and blood of people of all nationalities with international channels. In China, in the world, no roads such as the Burma Road and a country, the fate of a nation so closely linked that no roads can be like the Burma Road so long to stay in people's memory. Chinese Anti-Japanese War arduous deeply engraved in people's memory. However, not everyone knows, is the Burma Road, the Hump and the composition of India's transportation avenue road, supporting all of the Chinese anti-Japanese war and the rear of the economic war materials supply. Burma Road, this was the most hard through the mountains, across the most turbulent rivers, thousands of kilometers of winding roads of transport for the survival of the Chinese nation is the lifeblood of a letter. Japanese do not believe that China's War of Resistance to adhere to the Burma Road repair through the day. Japanese people will not believe that a serious lack of construction machinery for 20 million Chinese workers - mostly elderly, women and children is their inter-cut with both hands out in the mountains to bury the dream of the Japanese occupation of China, the traffic road. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese quickly occupied Beijing and Tianjin in northern China, southern Guangdong, Hankou, Shanghai, Nanjing and other central, eastern and southern regions, including the major cities of China, 95% of the industry, 50% population. More important, almost all of China's coastal ports have fallen into Japanese hands. After the Battle of Wuhan, China and Japan into the war, a stalemate. War became a war of attrition. For China, the material supply problems at this time it was extremely severe. Overseas Chinese living abroad, after that country experienced the Japanese invasion, have donated money and materials, raising a large number of badly needed medicines, cotton yarn, automobile and other supplies. Forced by the anti-Japanese national salvation of the grim situation, the Government has come up with precious foreign currency from the West to buy a lot of cars, oil, and arms. These supplies need of emergency back home. China urgently needs a security of international transport corridors. As early as 1935, Chiang Kai-shek to foresee that once the war broke out, the Chinese armed forces will not defensible eastern coastal plain areas of the city and the mainland, the Nationalist government will eventually retreated to the west. The Chinese government is considering a possible crisis, in 1938 began construction of the Burma Road. Road and rail links to central Myanmar, directly through Yangon port. In order to rush to transport the Burma Road was originally purchased by the Chinese government in foreign countries and international aid and emergency supplies to build the strategic, with the Japanese army to occupy Vietnam, Vietnam Railway interrupted shortly after completion of the Burma Road into China and the outside world the only transport channels. The early war, millions of military weapons and equipment needed; needed to maintain economic operation of the various materials; countless people in need to move to the rear area of basic consumer goods, in short, was required to maintain the entire war, China can not produce all supplies are dependent on import of this lifeline rear. Burma Road, there is an invisible role - it has changed the course of the war. Made the Japanese army had to face defeat in the Chinese army, forcing the national government to yield. However, including the Burma Road, including with foreign channel, so the Japanese army abandoned the original plan, to Vietnam from the coast, northwest, and Myanmar, China's foreign channel blockade. So tired of Chinese civilians and soldiers have to chance to recuperate.
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Arduous road construction
Compacted crushed stone foundation of artificial pulled The difficulty of the construction of the Burma Road, the road through the difficult sections of 80% is mountains. Increasingly urgent as the situation war, many sections of the Burma Road side had to survey the construction side. Experienced engineers and technicians before the war was the lack of war began, the problem becomes even more acute. Moreover, the Burma Road to Yunnan border area from the popular "miasma" of the area after, but the recruitment of engineering and technical personnel has become a big problem. There is also a very obvious problem is the lack of machinery and equipment, which make the project more dependent on tens of thousands of workers manually. Because of time constraints and the war situation deteriorated, the first construction project had to use the most primitive methods. In almost all sections, and workers who are brought home with their own basket to carry the mud and stones. Up to 959.4 km of road sections, mostly in this ant-like methods. The end of 1937, the Burma Road near 30 counties along the approximately 20 million workers were collecting to the road. Of these, mostly elderly, women and children, because most of them young conscripts had. This is probably one of the world's most unusual army road construction, there are a variety of people, they wore clothes made of blue homespun, of which only a few men are strong labor, women and old man and the other is many, many children, the children are with their own pets: dogs, chickens and a long tail of small parrot. In the Dai area, who along with the adults to work with children is also a monkey. The construction task of emergency, the National Government of Burma Road, "seek first pass, then for good" policy. Counties along the road must be strictly apply before the end of construction in 1937, within three months before the deadline can barely completed the opening of a simple road. The end of August 1938, after 20 million people of hard work, the whole of China and even around the world watched the Burma Road was finally opened to traffic. September 2, "Yunnan Daily" published an editorial, entitled "Burma Road could finish." At that time, almost all of the National Unification area newspapers reported on this extremely encouraging news, it shocked the world. U.S. Ambassador to Burma Road in the way to go to Chungking said: The Chinese Government will shortly complete this arduous work, perseverance and spirit of this courageous indeed admirable. And the construction of the Burma Road, abnormal lack of material conditions, lack of machine first and second open purely human. Thanks to the hard-working spirit of the people along the way, this spirit is the reach of any nation around the world.
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Rolling Stone - the roller on the Burma Road
During the war, the roller is a stone road roller. Stone roller about 1.8 meters tall, weight around the range, generally between 3-5 tons. If the quarry is nearby, people from place to place lumber. But more is to go to distant places to look for stone production. In such circumstances, how to get the stone roller on the road itself is very difficult. Many stone roller is sliding shoulder by laborers from the jungle and the mountains just get out. Do not have much trouble uphill, stone roller is easier to grasp. However, when going downhill because the enormous stone roller coherence, many terrorist incidents took place; workers who were often too late to avoid losing control of the stone roller was crushed to death. Occasionally, some children crushed to death. Half a century later, this stone roller along the Burma Road had been difficult to see.
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Nanyang mechanic on the Burma Road
From 1939 to 1942, three years, the Burma Road on the rush to transport a total of more than 13,000 vehicles back. With the car, the driver of the problem and highlighted the serious lack of it. At this time, overseas Chinese living in Southeast Asia and reached out to the motherland in the hands of rescue, when the Chinese leader that Tan Kah Kee. Tan Kah Kee in the 20th century's most respected Chinese people, largely because during the war he made a remarkable contribution to the motherland. After the outbreak of war, Tan donated huge sums of money on many occasions to buy supplies for the war. He also used his influence in Southeast Asia Qiao Jie, the war raised a lot of money and materials, and organize a large number of overseas Chinese youth back to the homeland war. Burma Road in that car drivers and mechanics need a lot later, Tan immediately and February 8, 1939 issued the "No. VI Namchow always channel", and called on overseas Chinese to return the young drivers and service technicians, and fellow country War side by side. The notice will soon spread all over the Southeast Asia. At that time, voluntary repatriation services overseas in Southeast Asia a total of 3192 drivers and mechanics, who are called "Nan Chiau mechanic returned to the Corps." From February 1939 to August 1939, Nan Chiau technicians to the motherland has divided into nine batches. All returned service Namchow mechanic in the Pan Jia Wan Kunming training school car for two months of military and political training, learning geography, politics, military, defense and other programs. Yunnan road is hard, over on the well-known in Southeast Asia before. In the past, the drivers are mostly city driving. Came to Yunnan, and especially in the Burma road, Chinese drivers almost from scratch to learn how to drive on the rugged mountain road.
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The golden age of the Burma Road
Burma Road transport industry to promote the prosperity of the rear area. This is a very famous Burma Road on the photographs of the car is the result of Southwest Transportation Department truck. At that time, Southwest Transportation Department has a transport battalion group of more than 10, with a car almost a million. They mainly transport military supplies, such as: weapons, ammunition, vehicles, machinery, fuel, supplies and military clothing, etc., they are the Burma Road on the major transport force. Lifeline in this war there are government units bustling day and night, thousands of trucks and private transport companies and even three or four families together to buy a car to run transport. With the large number of mainland government agencies, businesses, universities and countless refugees retreated to the rear, Kunming Cheng rapidly developed, governments have also _set_ up consulates in Kunming, Kunming calm of this ancient city once ruled areas into the busiest and most cosmopolitan city. Kunming and the Burma Road cropped up overnight along the almost countless home transport companies, which purchased a large number of heavy vehicles into the transportation business. They import large quantities of cotton yarn from Burma, cloth, auto parts and consumer goods all can buy back home, profits are very substantial, is the golden age of business. Steady stream of cars on the Burma Road when, around the clock to rush to transport material to form a tight time-sensitive transport is extremely rare situation. Burma Road on the year in a wide variety of vehicles, almost all of the terms are often heard; "three tons of Chevrolet", "three tons of Ford", "3.5 tons of Dodge," "4.5 tons of big international "and so on, these are the current U.S. production vehicles.
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Japanese bombing of the Burma Road
The golden age of the Burma Road did not last very long. From the beginning, the Japanese deliberately to put on the Burma Road cut off. This cut off international lines to be cut off supplies in China, forced the Nationalist government to surrender. In 1940, the Japanese occupation, then to Vietnam as a base, the bombing of the Burma Road across the board. To this end, the Japanese also _set_ up a "Burma Road blocked Committee." October 1940 onwards. In less than six months, the Japanese aircraft were deployed in more than four sorties, bombing the bridges. After each bombing, stationed at the bridge repair project team to timely repair the bridge. The person responsible for repairing the bridge then the bridge many of which are engineers and technicians. Sometimes a bomb is still in the explosion, air strike is not over, they began repair work. January 23, 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed the 14th Gan Chang Bridge, and the bridge completely Zhaduan. This Tokyo radio triumphantly declared: "Burma Road had been broken, the opening of three months without hope." Rear of a lot of people, the radio about the incident in Japan. In the rear, it is suddenly nervous and urgent telegram National Government Burma Road Traffic engineering and technical personnel day and night repair, be sure to open to traffic as soon as possible. But the dramatic scene appeared. Urgent telegram to the Ministry of Transport issued shortly after, and then they received a telegram from the bridge repair team, said the team on the Burma Road has once again crossed the choppy Lancang River, the highway across the board maintains smooth. Original early as two months ago, the local engineering and technical personnel on the bridge might be expected to increasingly frequent Japanese air attacks completely Zhaduan. They found some empty oil drums, empty petrol cans every 70 together, the top covered with wood, it becomes a simple ferry, after a car drove up with a rope to pull the two sides to the ferry got me, until the bridge repair.
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Several other Burma Road, said:
1. Burma Road, also known as "Stilwell" highway, the National Government after the war, General Stilwell in China in recognition of the contribution to Sino-Japanese War the Burma Road was renamed "Stilwell" road. 2. Burma Road, also known as Kunrui Highway (Kunming-Ruili). 3. Burma Road, also known as Section 320 National Road West Yunnan. 4. The Burma Road and Kun Wan Road (Kunming-Wanding). 5. Burma Road, also known as Sino-American Highway. 6. Burma Road, also known as Japanese roads.
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Wikipedia Daquan
滇缅公路 百科大全
Dian-Mian Gonglu Burma Road Yunnan-Burma Highway Kunming, Yunnan Province by the international road to Lashio, Myanmar, Yunnan Province, China in flat by waves, Chuxiong, clouds, Shimonoseki City, Baoshan, Luxi, Wanting the town and other towns, the Muse in Myanmar, the new dimension, etc. town, length of nearly 1,200 km. This road section of Kunming to Shimonoseki City 411.6 km long, in 1924, started in December 1935 opened to traffic. Shimonoseki City to Wanding 547.8 km long section of the town, Muse to Lashio in Myanmar, close to 200 km long section were started in January 1938, completed in 1942. These sections were built by the host country. Wanting to Muse over the town border section, 18 kilometers long, built by the Myanmar responsible. Burma Road in the Anti-Japanese War, was an important international transport route. (Cheng Shaolin)
