Crocodile - the largest remaining reptiles Chinese name: crocodile Chinese common name: sea crocodile, saltwater crocodile, called as "call mine", "Kau" Latin name: crocodylus porosus English name: estuarine crocodile Species Category: Reptilia>> crocodile-shaped head>> Crocodile Division>> crocodile is
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Overview
Also known as the Australian saltwater crocodile crocodile, estuarine crocodile, Singapore, a small crocodile. Body length of up to 6 to 7 meters. Blunt kiss, kiss kiss long base width of not more than 2.2 times. Fourth gold on the collar under the leading edge of the tooth embedded in a gap within the visible when closed. Only the jaw joint and extends back up to the fourth or fifth lower teeth. Scales usually after the pillow is missing or replaced by 1 to 2 small scales. Exploration of olive or brown back, white belly, young crocodiles slightly lighter in color, decorated with dark spots, or the body surface of a light spot color depth; kiss light color out. Jaw teeth before 4 (rarely 5 teeth), maxillary teeth 13 to 14, the jaw teeth 15, the total number of 64 to 68 teeth.
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Habits
Distributed in Southeast Asia until the coastal northern Australia. Greater length adult 6 to 7 meters, up to 10 meters and weighing over 1 ton is the largest remaining reptiles. Narrow long kiss, before the lower beak, kiss etch back was carved, eyes tend to have a ridge rostral, but not mutually connected. A single external nostril, open the snout; is no nasal septum, the back side without lateral fold while the palate from the edge of sail. Eyes large, oval protrusion. Iris green, the upper and lower eyelids and transparent haw, haw also lacrimal gland. Ears in the eye, such as small narrow slit. Mandibular dentition and the maxillary teeth when biting □ staggered columns connected in the same vertical plane cut. Head scales of no pillow, no pillow after the scales. Neck and head, the trunk was no significant difference between the neck scale synthesis of a hash back of the neck block, so have a slender bone scales. Trunk length barrel, 5 times head length; dorsal scales 16 to 17 rows, 6 rows back from the edge and not a mane, tail edge those scales into line 1 from the edge of the outermost end of the line into 2 mane. Tail thick, flat side, and its longer than head and body combined, can be a powerful attack. Stout limbs, long hind legs, five, fifth toes short, webbed toe base, outside the full-webbed toes, inside the two semi webbed toes, the medial three toes with claws; body posterior margin of scales from the edge into the saw. Dark olive or brown back, abdomen pale; larval coloration, with dark red spots, or dark background, with light spots; kiss light color and clear. Crocodile living in the bay or Yuandu sea. Freshwater river in the hilly tree-lined river nest (above 60,000 meters from the sea), to sweep out the end of a 7 to 8 meters platform, the platform has a diameter of 3 meters true crocodile eggs placed in nests away from the river about 4 meters, in order to shade the leaves cluster structure, each nest egg white 50 calcium shell around the egg diameter of 80 × 55 mm; female alligator defensive side of the nest wait, flick sprinkler How often nest to keep the temperature 30 ~ 33 ℃, 75 ~ 90-day incubation; young crocodiles hatched length 240 mm, 480 mm up to 1 year, 3 years up to 1156 mm, weight 5.2 kg. Violent and unruly. Into a crocodile often under water, only eyes, noses above water. Eyes and ears sensitive, frightened immediately sink. More floating afternoon sun day and night Muguangruju. Young crocodiles are with red light. 5 to 6 months mate, for several hours, and fertilization is only 1 to 2 minutes; 7 August to lay eggs. The preserve of male alligators, flooding fighting intruders, a group of male rate of female owned. Regular consumption of fish, frogs, shrimp, crab, eat the small crocodile, turtle, turtle. Mastication power, can a broken hard.
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The value of crocodile
Crocodile meat and edible, Burmese preferable crocodile meat. Thai people are not addicted to crocodile meat, crocodile bile valued as women's infertility treatment. Wide geographic distribution of both alligators, production and more, people in the meat Southeast Asia, but also for the leather tanning alligator leather made shoes, belts, trunk boxes, handbags and so on, beautiful color pattern for the decoration of your fine leather goods, The process has a high value. As a large reptiles, crocodile also has great ornamental value, is an important resource for tourism development. Crocodile hides a traditional crocodile skin, abdominal skin had very little or no ossification. L captivity usually a 3-year-old crocodile, the skin of the abdomen width of 15-45 cm, the skin is divided into more than 29 cm 15-24 cm 25-30-34 cm ,35-39 cm and greater than 40 cm such as different grade to sell. Narrow leather used for small leather goods such as watches, belts, wallets and shoes, etc., traditionally used wide leather boots, boxes and bags and so on. Each increase of one grade of leather, its price will rise 10% to 15%, for 40 cm above the big leather, the price is relatively higher. Crocodile skin to the back of the quality is excellent, hides high value, selling the international market. Crocodile's head, feet, teeth, claws, and spine can be processed into tokens, or directly sold to tourists, and efficiency is also more substantial. Crocodile meat with higher levels of protein, which contains moderate proportion of essential amino acids the human body, and also contains the human body has a high nutritional value of unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements; its delicious meat both aquatic animals, terrestrial animals in the wild have incense; but also has supplement qi and blood, heart Yangfeihuoxue AIDS, strong bones and muscles, expelling dampness effect, and thus cough, asthma, rheumatism, diabetes, a better therapeutic effect. In addition, because of fresh and exotic body structure with high hemoglobin antibodies, can be very fast to improve the human immune system and blood oxygen uptake capacity, can greatly improve the quality of human health. In addition, crocodile eggs, gallbladder, liver, heart, oil, rubber crocodile tail, Grade A or development can be used as medicine for senior cosmetics. Died in the breeding process can also be stuffed crocodile, both can become precious souvenirs, they can sell to create economic value. A certain number of farms also accomplishing tourist attractions, has raised a crocodile, travel and tourism products processing and utilization of the integrated enterprise.
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Crocodile feeding
Hatching eggs egg pick up the first time with a hole near the temperature of the clean water to wash the eggs, be careful not to add disinfectants; Secondly, soft, clean cloth to dry the eggs, horizontal; again, measuring egg length, width, weight, and register to obtain the average eggs per hole data; Finally, the placement of hatchery, placed in the position and orientation the same time picking up the eggs, should not upside down or inclined. Incubation temperature to fit, the temperature is too low, hatched larvae mortality, the temperature is too high, hatched deformed child feel incomplete. The ideal relative humidity of 99% or more, not less than 95%, fresh eggs will dry and humidity is too low, resulting in embryonic death or inability to juvenile pecking broken eggshell house and suffocation. To maintain indoor air circulation. 2 weeks before hatching, incubation equipment must be disinfected to do in order to remove all harmful microorganisms. When you first ensure that the specific temperature, humidity, air and other environmental conditions suitable and stable; Secondly, the periodic determination of survival of the embryos; again, see if the color of fetal death or abnormal eggs, such as the white band and no longer increased turbidity, there is bubble, discoloration or moldy egg shells, etc., should be immediately removed from outdoor, including non-fertilized eggs; Finally, the whole process of systematic registration of data and circumstances, the formation of information for future _select_ion and breeding for reference. Note fed daily to feed clean, no pollution. Feeding amount should be appropriate, not to excess. Feeding sites should not be too far away. Every day the remnants of the leftover feed from the breeding pool to clean up.
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Crocodile mitochondrial genome structure
Crocodile mitochondrial genome length is 16,917 bp. Crocodile mtdna structure similar to other vertebrates, from 22 trna, 2 个 rrna and 13 protein-coding genes and one non-coding control region (d-loop) formed. In addition to nadh6 and trna ^ gln, trna ^ ala. , Trna ^ asn, trna ^ cys, trna ^ tyr, trna ^ ser (ucn), trna ^ glu, trna ^ prol-chain coding, the rest are in the h-chain genes encoding. Gene order and sequence of the crocodiles has been consistent, which shows the crocodilian mitochondrial gene order is conserved. However, crocodilians and vertebrate mitochondrial gene order compared to the typical arrangement, a greater difference, especially trna ^ phe gene rearrangements, trna ^ ser-trna ^ his-trna ^ lcu gene family arrangement, etc. . Crocodile mtdna and sequenced as crocodiles, missing light chain replication origin (olr). 17 based on conserved regions of crocodile mtdna control area, using paup4.0 maximum parsimony (maximum parsimony, mp) mp build tree, neighbor-joining (neighbor-joining method, nj) nj tree constructed showed that: fish-eating crocodile (gavialis gangeticus ) and sham fish-eating crocodile (tomistoma schlegelii) and then clustered into a crocodile Branch (crocodylidae) a sister group to other species, which is based on fish-eating crocodile fish-eating crocodiles and false analysis of the mitochondrial sequences were consistent and support will be incorporated into the fish-eating crocodile alligator Division of view. The results also support the African narrow alligator (crocodylus cataphracms) and crocodiles are (crocodylus) constitute the sister group, the genus can be divided into separate views.
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Wounding crocodile
February 19, 1945, the Pacific War was drawing to a close. Bay of Bengal patrol intercepted by a British fleet attempted to withdraw from the sea of Japan's invasion of Burma the Japanese fleet (due to incomplete records, this designation undiscovered Japanese). The two sides engaged in a fierce artillery, the British fleet strength far better than the Japanese ship, soon, the Japanese gunboat was sunk while several escort. Loaded with more than 1,000 two Japanese carriers and hurriedly drove around the island in the orchid, the Japanese landed there. Blue in the Japanese intend to position the island as a last-ditch. Strong resistance to the Japanese island of the British caused great trouble. Fighting to getting late, very difficult to destroy the British fleet which shares a moment of Japanese troops on the island, so the side of the sea blockade on the island, while the second day of operations research and development programs. Ge Jian commander after having received the order to come to the command ship. At night, exhausted the Japanese to pieces lying on the ground. As they prepare to meet a good sleep the next day's battle, suddenly, they did not notice during the day and those crocodile jump out of the water rush over to them fiercely. Originally, when the Anglo-Japanese naval battle during the day when the crocodile was scared into the water reservoir. After dark, as the tide receded, crocodile groups of soldiers who were sent ashore dead and wounded cited the bloody smell out. Japanese troops have been exhausted by the sudden ferocious crocodile attack stunned, although they struggled with machine guns, rifles to the crocodile shooting, but the group is still struggling to cope with the ferocious crocodile attack, a sudden, the sound of screaming and wailing over the the swamp. Headquarters in the island, the British soldiers are being discussed, suddenly came rushing ship personnel on duty reported that the Japanese island of intense gunfire and suddenly heard cries of buzz, it is estimated with the other forces may be fighting broke out . This situation is very confusing to British forces. Commanders have asked officers on duty with the British forces to contact, the duty officer said no. Fleet commanders ordered the dispatch of a boat to investigate the situation. Eastern white when the boat went scouting report on the rapid return to command ships, down from the boat on the pale and all scout, a look of fear. "Report Executive, all dead, there are crocodiles!" Scared spluttered over the scout said. When the British troops on the island we find island are full of crocodile shredded by the Japanese dead and hundreds of bullets killed by crocodile body. More than 1,000 Japanese troops have become almost crocodile mouth delicacies. Blood was found throughout the island have been dyed. Finally, only 20 survived to find the Japanese soldiers, but look, these survivors of the nerve has been completely collapsed.