Fishing and aquaculture fishery refers to fish and other aquatic animals and algae and other aquatic plants for aquatic department of social production. Generally divided into marine fisheries, freshwater fisheries. Fisheries provide food and industrial raw materials to people's lives and nation-building. Development and use of waters, fishing and gathering various economic value of farmed aquatic animals and plants for the production sector aquatic community. Agriculture is an important part of the generalized. Water can be divided according to marine fisheries and freshwater fisheries; according to production characteristics into aquaculture and fishing industry. Generalized fisheries include: ① direct fishery production before the department. Fishing boats, fishing gear, fishing instruments, machinery and other fishery production of fishery production and supply sectors. ② directly after the fisheries sector. Aquatic storage, processing, transportation and marketing departments. The main features of fishery production is based on a variety of waters as a base to aquatic flora and fauna with the economic regeneration of the object, with significant regional and seasonal, primary products with fresh, rot and volatile commodity characteristics. Fisheries is an important sector of the national economy. Rich protein content of the world to provide 6% of total consumption, 24% of animal protein consumption, agriculture can also provide high-quality fertilizer, providing fodder for the livestock industry, providing an important raw material for the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. More than 18,000 km of Chinese coastline, there is a vast continental shelves and beaches, there are 200,000 square kilometers of fresh water, more than 1000 kinds of higher economic value of aquatic animals and plants, the development of fisheries has good natural conditions and broad prospects. English: fisheries Marine Fisheries: marine fisheries Freshwater fishing: freshwater fisheries Capture fisheries: capture fisheries Aquaculture: aquaculture The current status of China Fisheries Development After a period of rapid development of fisheries China since the reform and opening-up and adjustment of consolidation in recent years, into a sustained, stable and healthy stage, its main features are the following aspects: (A) to further optimize the industrial structure, industrial quality has improved significantly. Since the reform and opening up, China's fishery because the economic system and the price system was reformed, greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers and fishermen to develop production, so that our fisheries onto a stage of rapid development, aquatic products greatly improved since 1990 from ten consecutive years ranked first in the world, the development of fisheries not only meet the needs of the people of aquatic products, expanding the export of aquatic products, but also to adjust and optimize the industrial structure of agriculture, increase the income of the fishermen made an important contribution to . In recent years, with the continuous development of the industry, China's economic growth began fishing a major shift from the simple pursuit of output growth, turning more attention to improve the quality and efficiency; emphasis on sustainable resource development. In order to reduce the pressure on marine fishing resources caused by rapid growth in production, the implementation of the strategic adjustment of the structure of marine fisheries, since 1999, first proposed marine catches "zero growth" goal, then further "negative growth" of marine fishing Strength implemented a strict control system. Since 2002, in order to slow down the implementation of the new regime for the oceans affect our marine fisheries, the state implemented a marine engineering jobs fishermen fishing for three consecutive years by the central government-funded subsidies for fishermen scrapping fishing vessels, fishermen Yajian fishing guide, Exit marine fishing industry. In recent years, China's aquatic products output growth remained at around 3-4%, showing a steady development; among aquaculture production increased by a big margin. The decline in fishing production has begun to emerge. 2002 aquatic products output reached 45.65 million tons, an increase of 4% compared to last year, of which 14.33 million tons of marine capture production decreased by 22% over last year. Because the state has increased investment in fishing ports and fishing infrastructure, and to be supported in the industrial policy, the quality of the overall level of China's fishery and modernization has some improved; same time as adhere to market-oriented, timely product structure and mode of production adjustment, pay close attention to product quality, efficiency improved significantly fisheries, fishery output value and income of fishermen has been a big increase. (B) aquaculture continues to maintain a rapid development momentum, and the quality and efficiency of development has improved significantly. At present, China's pursuit of aquaculture farming area has been expanded from the past and to increase aquaculture production, turning more attention to product quality and variety of structural adjustment and improved. New farming techniques and the introduction of new aquaculture species, breeding areas for further development, expanding aquaculture with high quality, factory farming, the rapid development of the ecological health of farming model, cage aquaculture developed rapidly scale aquaculture , intensive degree gradually increase. 2002 aquaculture area of 6815 thousand hectares, aquaculture production reached 29.07 million tons, an increase of 2 percent over the previous year respectively peaceful solution%, aquaculture production accounted for the proportion of total output of aquatic products reached 64%, which produced high quality, aquatic breeding area and aquaculture production increased significantly. (C) fish trade continued to grow, to further improve the quality of development of offshore fishing. In recent years, with China's accession to WTO, China's fishery to a more open attitude into the world of fisheries development pattern. With the implementation of national plans to reduce ship conversions and preferential policies for the development of offshore fishing, offshore fishing on the high seas pelagic fisheries in particular, to get rapid development into a number of fishing vessels and continuously improve business efficiency, management more standardized, at present, China had more than 1,800 ocean-going fishing vessels operating in the waters of the world's three oceans and more than 40 countries and regions under the jurisdiction of international fish trade has also been rapid development in recent years, when asked, the advantages of aquatic products export market has been basically formed, in addition to Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and other outside the traditional export markets, exports to the U.S., EU and other countries and regions also have a larger growth; formation of developed countries and regions, mainly in the international market structure, the total foreign trade of aquatic products in 2002 45.76 million tons. Trade volume of $ 600 million of which export 2.085 million tons and exports of $ 4.69 billion, aquatic products have become the country's leading agricultural export products, especially in the export of aquatic products breeding areas; eel, shrimp, shellfish, tilapia, big fish, crab six categories famous fish in the international market have a higher visibility and competitiveness. (D) fishery resources and ecological environment has intensified. While the industrial development of China's government pay more attention to the protection of fishery resources and ecological environment, the implementation of a strict system of closed seasons and closed seasons, strict control fishing intensity on large-scale fishing vessels Yajian of resources and environmental protection had a positive impact. Since 1995, the Chinese Government to fully implement the system in the eastern Yellow Sea fishing moratorium, since 1999, the scope of the moratorium will be extended to the South China Sea, at present, China's coastal fishing moratorium in the system has been fully implemented 2-3 months; vessels fishing moratorium reached more than 110,000 boats, fishermen over 100 million related to the implementation of the system has been nine years, and achieved good ecological, economic and social benefits; conservation of fishery resources for aquaculture has an important role. Since 2002, China's Yangtze River for the first time closures of the system; 2003 will further expand the scope of fishing; fishing range currently includes the following paragraphs Jinsha River Yangtze River and the main river through the lake, involving more than 50,000 fishermen, the current China's major lakes have been widely implemented a system of closed seasons, and some fishing time is up to six months, Qinghai Lake since 2001 began a ten-year closure lake fishing regime. The country also increase the power, fried fish and other illegal operations Wan-style punishment, increase efforts to protect and manage aquatic wildlife, on this basis, the country is also active in releasing the proliferation of fishery resources and artificial reef construction; right conservation of fisheries resources. Improve the ecological environment of fishing waters have had a positive effect.
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Encyclopedia
yuye Fisheries fishery Use of water has an economic value for fish or other aquatic animals and plants in the production sector. Also known as aquaculture. Consists of two parts harvesting of aquatic flora and fauna of the fishing industry and aquaculture farming of aquatic animals and plants aquaculture. Content in the production process of social development, the contents of fisheries had several major changes, meaning fishing correspondingly changed. Human previous fisheries, limited to natural fishing. Later it was learned the techniques of artificial breeding of fish and fishery increases the content of aquaculture. With the development of fish processing, fish processing again included in the fisheries, called generalized fisheries or aquaculture. In China, the fishery is part of the broad agriculture. In other countries, some countries (such as the U.S., Japan, etc.) according to their method of dividing the prevailing economic sectors, the fisheries to agriculture (farming), livestock, forestry, extractive industries classified as primary industry sectors. Fishing waters can be divided according to the type of marine fisheries and freshwater fisheries; according to the water sector can be divided into inland water fisheries, coastal fishing, offshore fishing, offshore fishing, offshore fishing, etc.; made by product can be divided into capture fisheries and aquaculture ; according to the water layer can be divided into pelagic fisheries, the middle and lower fishing, bottom fishing, etc.; according to fishing gear and methods can be divided into fishing fishing net fishing, whaling, fishing and other miscellaneous; press the power can be divided into sailing fishing, fishing wheel ; according to the nature of ownership of the means of production, there is individual ownership of fisheries, fisheries capitalist private ownership, socialist public fishing. 1980s, China is divided into state-owned fisheries, collective fisheries, artisanal fisheries workers, as well as joint ventures in various economic sectors, such as fisheries. The nature and characteristics generally believed, with agricultural and industrial fisheries duality quality. Harvesting of aquatic plants and animals in natural waters in the fishing industry is a natural extractive industrial production; in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, shallow beach aquaculture farming of aquatic animals and plants are agricultural production; fish processing the metal processing industry of production. Meanwhile, fisheries and has a different general industrial and agricultural characteristics: ① as a place to live fish and fishery production base of waters, you can use three-dimensional, multi-layer proliferation of water and fishing, thus greatly improving water productivity, increase in unit production. ② fish is a living self-renewable resources, but also a cold-blooded animals, less energy consumption, high feed conversion efficiency. Implementation of careful breeding and rational fishing, will be able to achieve increase production. ③ fish growth, development, reproduction process by the waters of the natural environment and human activities greater impact on production thus there is a great instability. Fish growth needed to create a good environment, in order to maintain steady and sustained growth in fishery production. ④ seafood is fresh perishable products, fresh, chilled, processing, marketing and other departments must cooperate closely, in order to improve quality and reduce losses. ⑤ fishery production, especially in the modern ocean fishing, with long lines, points, wide range of features, fish and sea conditions change in a complex situation, fishing ground mobility, involving foreign affairs and more. Position in the national economy and the role of fish is a nutritious food, especially fish are high in protein, low fat, low cholesterol, loved by the people. The early 1980s, the direct and indirect human consumption of animal protein, animal protein aquatic products accounted for about 25%. The world have 32 countries accounted for more than 34% of edible aquatic animal protein foods, high levels of Japan accounted for about 50%. Aquatic products also thought the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry and other chemical industry provides an important raw material, such as surimi products, fish liver products, pearls, mannitol, alginate, etc. The Soviet Union in 1972, according to statistics, 112 material production sectors, there are 55 departments in food, chemical, light industry, agriculture and other use of fishery products. There are many varieties of fish are in international trade of goods sold, higher conversion rates. Development of fisheries, but also help to maintain the ecological balance of agriculture to achieve a virtuous cycle of agricultural production. China Guangdong Sankey ponds practiced sericulture, sugar cane, pond three-pronged, Hunan practiced vegetables, pigs, three-pronged fish, is the use of pond ridge sericulture, silkworm manure water, or grow vegetables to feed the pigs , manure fertilizer fish, pond scum Hida mutually reinforcing way, such as intensive farming, the farming, animal husbandry and fishery organically combine to achieve mulberry, sugar cane, fish or fish, vegetables, pigs full harvest, improve agricultural production economic benefits. Development of fisheries, but also can improve labor utilization, increase farmers' income. China Fishery China is one of the world's largest maritime countries, southeast bordering Bohai Sea
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English Expression
: Fisheries
n.: fishery, fishing, business or industry of fishing
French Expression
n. pêche
Thesaurus
fishery Community Yuye Village Fishery Juweihui yuye Township