① refers to the use of the ecosystem as food for biological organisms. Mainly animals, but also some non-green plants. Directly to plant-eating herbivores as primary consumer ", to primary consumers eating carnivores are secondary consumers, secondary consumers, carnivores prey are three consumers, and so on. ② Substances information or service activities of the users or clients.
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No. 2
"Consumer Protection Law" in the alleged consumer contains three meanings: 1, consumers purchase and use of goods or services person. 2, consumers purchase and use of goods and services received are provided by the operator; 3, the consumer is the consumer needs to make a living, purchase and use of goods or services received in person. Consumption needs in order to live, is to meet people's survival and development and consumption of material goods and spiritual products or consume labor services. Reference Law: "The People's Republic of China Consumer Protection Law" Article 2. A farmers purchase used directly in agricultural production materials, reference to this Law. Reference Law: "The People's Republic of China Consumer Protection Law" Article 54 2 In practice, those who know buying Fake, buyers, car buyers are not considered consumer, and thus can not enjoy the protection of the law (in particular fraud), causing a lot of controversy. Consumers also the nature of a biome Heterotrophic organisms, including herbivores and carnivores, called the consumer. As the name suggests, these consumers can not directly use the solar energy to produce food, energy can be obtained by directly or indirectly to the green plants for food. Depending on the feeding position, directly dependent on the plant can be divided into branches, leaves, fruits, seeds and litter consumer level living, such as locusts, hares, deer, cattle, horses, sheep and other herbivores; herbivorous animals to eat the meat of animals as secondary consumers, such as weasels, foxes, frogs, etc.; exists between the jungle carnivore, which became three and four strong consumer. These advanced consumer is biomes most ferocious carnivores, such as lions, tigers, eagles and sharks in the waters. Some animals eat both plant and animal food, known as omnivores, such as certain birds and fish. Consumers in the middle part of the material and energy conversion processes in ecosystems. The use of public funds, in the strict sense is not considered to consumers, consumers know buying Fake nor consumers in the strict sense. Consumers should have the strict sense of the characteristics: 1 is a natural person, not a unit or collective, corporate 2 is the use of personal income from all sources for independent, self-consumption 3 In order to meet consumer needs directly carried
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Definition of consumer
From a legal sense, consumers should be a member of the purpose for the individual purchase or use of goods and services received in the community. Consumers and producers and sellers is different, he or she must be the end users of products and services rather than producers, operators. In other words, the purpose of his or her purchase of goods is mainly used for personal or family needs rather than operations or sales, which is a characteristic of the most essential consumer. As a consumer, the content consumption activities include not only the need for personal and family life and the purchase and use of products, but also for personal and family life needs to receive services provided by others. But whether it is the purchase and use of goods or to accept its purpose is to meet the needs of individuals and families, rather than the needs of production and operation. From the biological perspective, the consumer is also the nature of a biome, heterotrophic organisms, including herbivores and carnivores, called the consumer. As the name suggests, these consumers can not directly use the solar energy to produce food, energy can be obtained by directly or indirectly to the green plants for food. Depending on the feeding position, directly dependent on the plant can be divided into branches, leaves, fruits, seeds and litter consumer level living, such as locusts, hares, deer, cattle, horses, sheep and other herbivores; herbivorous animals to eat the meat of animals as secondary consumers, such as weasels, foxes, frogs, etc.; exists between the jungle carnivore, which became three and four strong consumer. These advanced consumer is biomes most ferocious carnivores, such as lions, tigers, eagles and sharks in the waters. Some animals eat both plant and animal food, known as omnivores, such as certain birds and fish. Consumers in the middle part of the material and energy conversion processes in ecosystems.
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The concept of consumer
On the concept of consumers, in national laws, as well as different departments of a State law. Confirmed by different criteria, divided into three types: 1. In the economic sphere as the main recognition criteria Those who believe in the consumer area, the purpose of life for the production or consumption of material goods, whether natural or legal person, whether living or production of consumer spending, and whether subsistence production class consumers or consumers, are all consumers column. Such as "Thai Consumer Protection Law" stipulates that: "The so-called consumer refers to the purchaser or the cause of those who receive services from there, including for the purchase of goods and services while enjoying the cause of those who accepted the proposal and the person explained." 2. The purpose of consumption as the main criteria Refers only reason that consumers buy goods for non-commercial purposes, people who use the product. The so-called non-commercial purposes is limited to the purchase's own consumption and not for resale or for business. As of Fujian Province "regulations to protect consumers 'legitimate rights and interests," states: consumers' access to goods and services received compensation for members of the community living needs ", Jiangsu Province," consumer protection regulations, "the consumer is defined as" paid to obtain goods and services for the needs of the units and individuals. " Obviously, this definition does not explicitly exclude legal and other social organizations. 3. Natural person as the main criterion This division is not unique to the consumer purpose or non-standard, but with particular emphasis on the consumer's natural attributes. Such as the United States, "Black's Law Dictionary," that "consumers are those who purchase, use, possession, personal treatment products or services." 1978 International Organization for Standardization Consumer Policy Committee held in Geneva in the first annual meeting, the "consumer" is defined as "an individual purchase or use of goods and services, individual members." Russian Federation "Consumer Rights Protection Law", "consumer" is defined as "the use, acquire, or have obtained or given as a _set_ for the goods (work, services) intentions for individual citizens living needs." From China's "Consumer Protection Law", although the Act does not specify the definition of consumers, but "for the life of the consumer needs to purchase and use of goods or services received" from the law in the second act defined as consumer behavior, we can see that the so-called consumer spending is defined as living in purchasing and using goods or services received individual citizens and units.
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Legal characteristics of consumers
Our consumers have the following legal characteristics: 1. Consumers are spending nature of living Consumption of consumers include two categories: First, consumption of material goods, such as clothing, food, housing, transportation, and other aspects of substance consumption. The second is the spirit of the consumer, such as consumer tourism, culture, education and other aspects. 2. Consumer goods and services, the object is Commodity, referring consumption-related life and introduced by that part of the process of circulation of goods, regardless of whether it passes manufacture, and regardless of whether it is movable or immovable property. Service is available to consumers with the means of living provided for a fee related to the use of any kind of service. 3. Consumer consumption patterns, including purchase and use (commodity) and receiving (service) On consumer goods, namely the purchase and use of goods, both for its own consumers to buy consumer goods, including the purchase of goods for others to use, or use others to purchase the goods. On consumer services, including not only their own pay to receive services themselves, but also the acceptance of others to pay their own services. Whether consumer goods or consumer services, as long as it paid to obtain goods and services received for living consumption, belongs to the consumer. 4. The main consumers, including individual citizens and conduct of living units Consumption is mainly individual citizens (including family) consumption, but also for the lives of individual citizens is the focus of consumer protection. However, the cost of living also includes living units consumption, because under normal circumstances, the units were purchased last subsistence use by individuals, and some individuals in the unit cost of living but also for the purchase of goods and services received.
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Consumer rights
Consumer rights, is the consumer in the consumer sector, which has the right, that is under the protection of the law, consumers have the right to make certain demands of others to make certain actions or behavior, but also the right not to make a certain behavior or ask others not to make certain behavior. It is reflected in the consumer interest law. "Consumer Protection Law" Chapter II, the rights of consumers were clearly defined, as follows: (A) consumers enjoy personal rights and property safety is not compromised in the purchase and use of goods and receiving services, referred to as the right to security The right to security includes two aspects: First, security of person, the second is property rights. Security of person here means life and health is not compromised, that enjoy their rights to maintain the function of various organs and life is not endangered the integrity of the body. Property rights, is that consumers buy, safe use of goods or services received in itself, and includes in addition to the safety of other property purchase and use of goods or receiving services. In order to make the realization of this right, the consumer the right to request operators to provide goods or services meet the requirements of the protection of personal and property safety. In other words, there are national standards, industry standards, consumer goods and services, the right to require compliance with the national standards, industry standards. If appliances are not allowed leakage, explosion, spontaneous combustion and other potential hazards exist. For no national standards, industry standards, must comply with generally accepted social security, health requirements. (B) consumers know their purchase, the right use of goods or services received real situation, referred to the right to know With economic development, especially in the extensive application of modern science and technology, the increasing variety of new consumer products, the use of increasingly complex requirements of some commodities, consumer goods and services needed to make the necessary understanding. Price, origin, producer, uses, performance, size, grade, main ingredient, production date, expiration date, they have the right to inspection of goods or services under different circumstances, require operators to provide proof of commodities, usage instructions, sale services, and content services, specifications, costs and other relevant circumstances. (C) The right to free choice of consumers of goods or services received right, referred to the right to choose Consumer rights according to their consumption aspirations, interests, hobbies and needs, independently, adequately _select_ goods or services. The main contents are: (1) the right to choose the operators; (2) the right to choose the types of products or services that way; (3) the right to decide whether to buy or receive services; (4) when the choice of commodities or services, the right to be compared, identification and _select_ion. (D) the consumer's right to fair trade, fair trade short right Consumers to purchase goods or services, is a kind of market transactions, if operators breach of voluntariness, equality, fairness, honesty and credibility, such as the principles of the transaction, the violation of the right to fair trade consumers. Consumer's right to fair trade mainly: First, the right to a fair trading conditions. If entitled to quality assurance, reasonable price, accurate measures and other trading conditions. Second, the right to refuse compulsory transactions operators. Such as forced consumers to purchase or receive services, such as forced tying. (E) the consumer's right to receive compensation in accordance with law, referred to claims Consumers in the purchase and use of goods or receiving services, both personal rights may have been violated, property rights may be violated. Subject to personal rights violations, including the right to life and health, personality aspects of name, reputation, honor, etc. have been infringed. Property damage, including damage to property on the direct and indirect losses. Direct loss, refers to the loss of existing property, such as the property was damaged, the disability spent in medical fees. Indirect losses, one that can not get the benefits, such as reduced hospitalizations due to violations of labor income or incapacity after the disability is denied labor payments. Enjoy the right to claim the body, is the result of purchasing and using commodities or receiving victim services. The victims include: (1) The purchaser, that buy goods for their own use of the consumer; Users (2) of goods, that is, not buying goods directly to consumers for their own use; (3) service recipients; (4) the third person, that is, by the person or property damage to others to purchase and use of goods or services in the process of other consumers. (Vi) consumer rights established by law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests of social groups, referred to as the right of association Although China has a lot of government agencies to fulfill the duties to protect the interests of consumers from different sides, but consumers established by law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests of social organizations still have an irreplaceable role. In China, the current consumer society groups mainly China Consumer Association and local consumer associations at all levels (or the Consumer Council). Consumers Consumers Association established by law at all levels, so that consumers through organized activities, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests are playing an increasingly important role. (Vii) A consumer shall acquire knowledge consumption and consumer protection aspects related to the rights referred to acquire the right knowledge Consumers get the right knowledge, help to improve consumers' ability to protect themselves, but also an important condition for the realization of other rights of consumers. Especially when access to knowledge of consumer rights protection, can make consumers' legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon, effectively seek ways to resolve consumer disputes in a timely manner to obtain compensation. (Eight) consumers purchase and use of goods and services received, the enjoyment of their human dignity, respect for the rights of ethnic customs, referred to human dignity and the right to respect for national customs In the course of market transactions, subject to respect for the human dignity of consumers, is the most basic rights of consumers should enjoy. Dignity of a person's self-esteem and self-love. Their rights, including the consumer's name, reputation, honor, image rights. The right to respect for national customs and traditions related to the equality of all ethnic groups, to strengthen national unity, deal with ethnic relations, promote national stability and the big problem, which must pay close attention. (Ix) the rights of consumers of goods and services, and supervise the work of protecting the interests of consumers, referred to supervise Consumer Watchdog specific performance: the right to file charges against acts against the interests of consumers; entitled to file charges against illegal misconduct protector of the interests of consumers; right to work to protect the interests of consumers criticism and suggestions.
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Consumers should have the condition
First, consumer spending should be citizens of the purpose of life, the purpose if the consumer is used to produce, do not fall into the consumer category; Second, consumers should be good enough for those goods or services; Third, the object of both consumer goods, but also services; Fourth, consumers mainly refers to personal consumption. But there are exceptions, such as China's "Consumer Protection Law" is not clearly defined, the consumer is the consumer's personal, essentially that includes individual consumers, also includes a unit or group, as long as the consumer for life , all belong to the consumer category.
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"People's Republic of China Consumer Protection Law"
(October 31, 1993 by the fourth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress) People's Republic of China Presidential Decree (No. XI) "People's Republic of China Consumer Protection Law" by the People's Republic of China the Eighth National People's Congress Standing Committee of the Fourth Meeting on October 31, 1993, is hereby promulgated and shall be from January 1, 1994 . Chairman of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin October 31, 1993 Chapter I The first: to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, maintain social and economic order, promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy, the development of this law. Article: Consumer spending for a living need to buy, use of goods or receiving services under this Act to protect its interests; Law not provided by other relevant laws and regulations to protect. Article III: operators to provide consumers with its production and sales of goods or services, shall comply with this Act; Law does not make provision, it shall comply with other relevant laws and regulations. Article IV: operators and consumers to trade should follow the voluntariness, equality, fairness, honesty and credibility. Article: The State protects the lawful rights and interests of consumers are not infringed. States to take measures to protect consumers exercise their rights according to law, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Article VI: to protect the legitimate interests of consumers is the common responsibility of the whole society. The State shall encourage and support all organizations and individuals to harm consumers' legal rights and interests of social supervision. The mass media should do a good job of safeguarding the legitimate interests of consumers publicity, damage the legitimate interests of consumers conduct of public opinion. Chapter II of consumer rights Article VII: consumers enjoy personal rights and property safety is not compromised in the purchase and use of goods and receiving services. Consumers the right to require operators to provide goods and services, and meet the requirements of the protection of personal and property safety. Article VIII: Consumers know their purchase, use of goods or the right to accept the truth of the service. Consumers are entitled to goods or services under different circumstances, require operators to provide commodity prices, origin, producer, uses, performance, size, grade, main ingredients, production date, expiration date, certificate of inspection, operation instructions, service, or the service content, specifications, costs and other relevant circumstances. Article IX: consumers will have to choose the right product or service. Consumers have the right to choose to provide goods or services to operators, choose varieties of goods or a service, independent decision to buy or not to buy any kind of goods, to accept or not to accept any of the services. When consumers choose goods or services, the right to be compared, identification and _select_ion. Article X: Consumers have the right to fair dealing. When consumers buy goods or services received, is entitled to quality assurance, reasonable price, such as fair trade conditions, the right to refuse compulsory transaction of business operators. Article XI: Consumers for the purchase, use of goods or services received by the person, property damage, have the right to receive compensation. Article 12: The consumer rights established by law to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests of social groups. Article XIII: Consumers enjoy access to knowledge consumption and consumer protection aspects related rights. Consumers should strive to gain the necessary knowledge and goods or services using the skills, the proper use of the product, enhance self-protection awareness. Article XIV: consumers purchase and use of goods and receiving services, enjoy their human dignity, respect for the rights of ethnic customs. ARTICLE 15: Consumers have the right to goods and services as well as consumer protection oversight work. Consumers have the right to file charges against acts against the interests of consumers and the state organs and their staff illegal misconduct in consumer protection work, the right to protection of consumer rights and interests of criticism and suggestions. Chapter III Obligations Article XVI: operators to provide goods or services to consumers, should fulfill their obligations in accordance with the "People's Republic of China Product Quality Law" and other relevant laws and regulations. Operators and consumers have agreed, should fulfill their obligations in accordance with the agreement, but the two sides agreed not violate the provisions of laws and regulations. Article XVII: operators should listen to the consumers of their goods or services provided, and accept the supervision of the consumer. Article XVIII: operators should ensure that it provides goods or services meet the requirements of the protection of personal and property safety. That may endanger the personal and property safety of goods and services, it shall make a true statement and clear warning, explaining and indicating the proper use of goods or services received and preventative measures against such an occurrence. Operators found serious flaws goods or services they provide, even if the correct use of goods or services may still be accepted for personal and property safety hazards, and should be reported immediately to the relevant authorities and to inform consumers and to take measures to prevent harm occurring . Article XIX: operators shall provide true information about the goods or services to consumers shall not make false and misleading propaganda. Operators to consumers on the quality and use of methods which provide goods or services to ask questions raised, it should be as real, clear answer. It should be clearly marked to provide goods store. XX: operators shall indicate their real names and marks. Rental counters or venue operators shall indicate their real names and marks. Article 21: operators to provide goods or services to consumers shall issue a purchase or service voucher in accordance with relevant state regulations or business practices; consumers to ask for proof of purchase or service of documents, the operator must be issued. Article 22: The operator shall ensure that, under normal use of goods or services received in the case of goods or services they provide should have the quality, performance, usage and expiration date; But the consumer before the purchase of the goods or receiving the service except its existence has been known defects. Operators to advertising, product description, physical or otherwise indicate that the sample quality of goods or services shall ensure the consistent quality and indicate the actual quality of their goods or services provided. Article 23: operators to provide goods or services in accordance with national regulations or agreement with the consumer, bear the repair, replacement, return or other obligations shall be performed in accordance with state regulations or agreement shall willfully or unreasonably delay refused. Article 24: An operator shall not form contracts, notices, announcements, shop notices, etc. to be unfair to consumers, unreasonable requirements, or reduce or waive the harm the legitimate interests of consumers should bear civil liability. Form contracts, notices, announcements, shop notices, which contain the contents in the preceding paragraph, the content is invalid. Article 25: operators may not consumers insult, slander, not search the body and bring consumer goods, shall not be violated consumers' personal freedom. Chapter IV of the State to protect the legitimate interests of consumers Article 26: The State formulating consumer rights laws, regulations and policies, should listen to the opinions and demands of consumers. Article 27: People's governments at all levels should strengthen the leadership, organization, coordination and supervision of the administrative departments for the protection of consumers' legal rights and interests of the work. Governments at all levels should strengthen supervision to prevent harm to consumers personal and property safety behavior occurs, in time to stop harm consumers personal and property security. Article 28: People at all levels of government industrial and commercial administration departments and other relevant administrative departments shall, in accordance with laws and regulations in their respective areas of responsibility, to take measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Relevant administrative departments shall listen to the views of consumers and their social groups on the operators transactions, commodity and service quality issues, timely investigation. Article 29: The relevant State authorities shall, in accordance with laws, regulations, and punish operators against consumers' legitimate rights and interests in the provision of goods and services in criminal acts. Article 30: the people's court shall take measures to facilitate consumer litigation. To meet the "Civil Procedure Law of People's Republic of China" to prosecute conditions dispute interests of consumers, must accept and timely trial. Chapter V of consumer organizations Article 31: Consumer associations and other consumer organizations are established by law for goods and services and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers of social monitoring social groups. Article 32: Consumer Association shall perform the following functions: (A) to provide consumer information and consulting services to consumers; (B) to participate in supervision of the administrative departments for goods and services, check; (C) on issues related to legitimate interests of consumers, the relevant administrative departments, inquiries and suggestions; (D) receiving consumer complaints, investigate complaints and mediation; (E) the complaint relates to the goods and quality of service issues can be brought to the expert evaluation, appraisal department shall inform the expert conclusions; (F) the damage the legitimate interests of consumers, to support the injured consumers sue; (Vii) the damage the legitimate interests of consumers, to expose great price through the media, criticism. Consumers Association of governments at all levels to carry out their functions should be supported. Article 33: Consumer organizations may engage in commodity business and for-profit services are not allowed to profit for the purpose of recommending any goods and services. Chapter VI _Set_tlement of Disputes Article 34: Consumers and operators dispute occurred interests of consumers, through the following approaches: (A) negotiate a _set_tlement with the operator; (B) request the Consumer Association of mediation; (C) the complaint to the relevant authorities; (D) arbitration body for arbitration under the arbitration agreement reached with the operator; (E) the people's court proceedings. Article 35: Consumers in the purchase or use of goods, their legitimate rights and interests are infringed may seek compensation from the seller. After the seller compensation is the responsibility of the producer or seller to provide goods to the responsibilities of other sellers, the seller is entitled to recover the producer or other sellers. Consumer or other product defects caused by the victim due to personal or property damage, the seller may claim compensation to producers can claim compensation. Belonging to producer responsibility, the seller compensation to producers entitled to recover. Are the responsibility of the seller, the producer of compensation, the right to recourse against the seller. Consumers receiving services, their legitimate rights and interests are infringed may demand compensation from the service. Article 36: Consumers in the purchase and use of goods or receiving services, their legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon business division, merger, you can afford to change their business after the rights and obligations for compensation. Article 37: illegal use of other people's business license operators to provide goods or services, damage to the legitimate interests of consumers, consumers may demand compensation can also be the holder of a business license to claim compensation. Article 38: Consumers in trade fairs, rental counter to purchase goods or receiving services, their legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon the sellers or service can demand compensation. Fairs after the end of the lease term or the counter, you can also the organizer of the trade fair, the rental counter demand compensation. Organizers of the fairs, behind the counter of the lessor compensation, the right to recourse against the seller or service provider. Article 39: Consumer use of false advertising by operators to provide goods or services, their legitimate rights and interests are infringed may apply to the operators' request for compensation. Advertising operator false advertising, consumers can request the administrative department punished. Advertising operator shall not provide the real names of operators, the address shall be liable for compensation. Chapter VII Liability Article 40: operators to provide goods or services of one of the following circumstances, except as otherwise provided in this Act, shall be in accordance with the "People's Republic of China Product Quality Law" and other relevant laws and regulations, bear civil liability: (A) defective goods; (B) does not have the goods should have the property while the sale have not been described; (C) the product does not meet the criteria specified on the product or its packaging used for; (D) does not comply with the Trade Descriptions, physical samples indicate the quality status; (E) the production of goods or the obsolete sales failure, deterioration of the goods; (F) an insufficient number of sales of goods; (Vii) the content and cost of service violation of an agreement; (8) to a consumer for the repair, remanufacture, replacement, return, up the quantity of goods, services, or refund the purchase price and damages delayed deliberately or unreasonably denied; Other damage to the interests of consumers situations (nine) laws and regulations. Article 41: operators to provide goods or services to consumers or other cause bodily injury, should pay for medical expenses, care during treatment, reduced income due to missed work and other expenses, resulting in disability shall be paid Buffet with disabilities living expenses, living allowance, disability compensation and persons supported by the necessary living expenses; constitutes a crime, be held criminally responsible. Article 42: operators to provide goods or services to consumers or other cause of death of the victim, shall pay funeral expenses, death compensation and dependents of deceased persons necessary living expenses; constitutes a crime, the law be held criminally responsible. Article 43: operator violates the provisions of Article 25 of this Law, infringement or violation of human dignity consumers freedom of consumers should stop abuse, rehabilitation, eliminating the effects of apology and damages. Article 44: operators to provide goods or services to consumers caused property damage, it should be in accordance with the requirements of consumers, repair, remanufacture, replacement, return, up the quantity of goods and services, or refund the purchase price and other damages approach to civil liability. Consumers and operators have agreed otherwise, in accordance with the agreement fulfilled. Article 45: The State regulations or operators and consumers agreed repair, replace or return the goods, the operator shall be responsible for the repair, replacement or return. Twice during the warranty period, repairs are still not working, the operator shall be responsible for replacement or return. For repair, replacement or return of big-ticket goods, consumers require the operator to repair, replacement or return, the operator shall bear the reasonable costs of transportation. Article 46: Operators providing goods by mail order, it shall accordance with the agreement. Not in accordance with the agreement, it shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of consumers agreed or refund the purchase price; and shall bear the reasonable costs consumers must pay. Article 47: advance payment operators to provide goods or services, shall be provided in accordance with the agreement. Not in accordance with the agreement, it shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of consumers agreed or return the advance payment; and shall bear interest on advances, consumers have to pay a reasonable fee. Article 48: the law by the relevant administrative departments identified as substandard goods, consumer demands the return, the operator shall be responsible for the return. Article 49: operators to provide goods or services fraud, consumers should be increased in accordance with the requirements of compensation for the losses suffered, the amount of increase in compensation for consumers to purchase price of goods or services received twice the cost. Article 50: Operators of the following circumstances, "People's Republic of China Product Quality Law" and other relevant laws and regulations of the punitive organs and methods are required, in accordance with the laws and regulations of execution; laws and regulations have not been prescribed by the administrative department for industry and commerce shall order correction, according to the circumstances or impose a warning, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of five times the illegal income more than doubled in less, no illegal income shall be fined 10,000 yuan; plot serious, ordered to suspend its business license revoked: (A) the production and sales of the product does not meet the protection of personal and property safety requirements; (B) in the commodity adulterate impurities, shoddy or substandard goods as qualified goods; (C) the production of goods or the obsolete sales failure, deterioration of the goods; (D) the origin of counterfeit goods, forgery or fraudulent use of another person's name and address, forgery or fraudulent use of certification marks, quality marks such signs; (E) the sale of goods subject to inspection and quarantine without inspection, quarantine or falsified inspection and quarantine results; (Vi) the goods or services for false and misleading propaganda; (7) to a consumer for the repair, remanufacture, replacement, return, up the quantity of goods, services, or refund the purchase price and damages delayed deliberately or unreasonably denied; (Eight) or a violation of human dignity against consumer freedom of consumers; Other cases of harm consumers' interests should be punished (nine) laws and regulations. Article 51: the operator refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, he may receive the punishment decision within fifteen days from the date of the next higher level authority for reconsideration to accept the decision, you can determine from the date of receipt of the reconsideration filed a lawsuit to the people's court within fifteen days; may also be sued directly to the people's court. Article 52: violence, threats, hinders the administrative department staff perform their duties according to law, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility; refuse or obstruct the administrative department staff perform their duties according to law, without resorting to violence or threats, the public security authorities in accordance with the provisions of "People's Republic of China on Public Security Administration Punishments" punishment. Article 53: State organs negligence or shelter operators against the legitimate interests of consumers behavior, their units or higher authority be given administrative sanctions; serious enough to constitute a crime, be held criminally responsible. Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions Article 54: farmers purchase used directly in agricultural production materials, reference to this Law. Article 55: This Law shall go into effect January 1, 1994.
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Safeguard the interests of consumers to embrace the laws and regulations
"Retail sales behavior management approach" Effective Date: October 15, 2006 ● Related Regulations Article retailers to carry out promotional activities should have the appropriate safety equipment and management measures to ensure the smooth passage of fire safety. On the opening, festival, anniversary and other large-scale promotional activities, retailer security contingency plans should be developed to ensure a good shopping order and prevent traffic jams caused due to promotional activities, disorder, disease transmission, personal injury and property damage. Article advertising and other promotional activities of retail sales, the content should be real, legitimate, clear, easy to understand, can not use vague language can lead to misunderstandings, text, images or video. Subject to final approval shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Article VII retailers carry out promotional activities should be explicitly promotional content prominently on the premises, and promotional content should include promotional reasons, promotions, promotion rules, promotional period, the range of promotional merchandise, and related restrictive conditions. Do not participate in counter or merchandising activities should express, and the audience can not claim that promotion; express exceptions goods containing restrictive conditions, additional conditions of promotion rules, its text, images should be eye-catching clear. Article X of retailers to carry out promotional activities should be clearly marked, the price tag price range, the price is true clear, legible, tag bit, eye-catching logo. Not in the price increase of goods sold, shall not charge any fees were not explicit. Article XI retailers to carry out promotional activities, not to use fictitious original price discount or misleading deceptive form or prices induce consumers to purchase goods. Article XII retailers carry out promotional activities shall not reduce the promotional merchandise (including Premium Sales prizes, gifts) quality and service levels may not be of substandard quality items as prizes, gifts. Article XIII retailers to carry out sales activities with prizes, should show prizes, giveaways, prizes may not fictional, the value of the amount of the gift or ambiguous language to mislead consumers. Article XIV retailers carry limited promotional activities, should ensure adequate supply of goods within the promotional period. Retailers carry a limited promotional activities, specifically the number of promotional merchandise should express. Belongs chain stores while carrying out a number of limited edition promotional activities, specifically the number of promotional merchandise each store should express. Limited promotion, the promotion of goods sold should immediately express. Article XV retailers carry bonus card promotion activities shall obtain prior express the integral approach, effective integration time, you can get shopping deals and other related content. Consumers apply for the bonus card, the retailer may not change the preceding matters have explicit; increase except for changing consumer interests. Article XVI retailer may fictional clearance, demolition, or suspend its business, a career change or other reasons to carry out promotional activities. Article XVIII retailers may not refuse to return or promotional obstacles for consumers to return. "Entertainment Management Regulations" (The term entertainment, refers to profit, and open to the public, consumers entertain the dance, entertainment and other places.) Effective Date: March 1, 2006 ● Related Regulations Article VII of entertainment shall not be located at the following locations: the (a) residential buildings, museums, libraries and cultural relics protection units were approved for building; around (two) residential areas and schools, hospitals, offices; (c) stations, airports and other crowded places; (d) building the basement of the following; (five) and hazardous chemicals warehouse adjoining areas. Entertainment noise boundaries shall conform to the national standard of environmental noise. Diershitiao entertainment legal representative or main person in charge shall be responsible for fire safety and other safety entertainment. Entertainment should ensure that their buildings and facilities comply with national safety standards and fire codes, fire facilities condition checked regularly and timely maintenance updates. Entertainment should develop safe work program and emergency evacuation plans. Article 21 during business hours, entertainment should ensure smooth evacuation routes and emergency exits shall not be blocked, locked evacuation routes and emergency exits, evacuation routes and emergency exits _set_tings fences obstacles shall not affect the evacuation. Entertainment should be _set_ up evacuation routes and emergency exits clear signs shall not be obscured, covered signs. Article 29 provides entertainment services and entertainment goods sold should be clearly marked, and to show the consumer price list; may not be compelled to deceive consumers to receive services, the purchase of goods. "Visitors to tourist spots ticket price management approach" (This approach applies to investments in commercial construction in addition to the landscape outside the parks, museums, monuments, and other natural scenic tour to visit the ticket price points.) Effective Date: December 11, 2000 ● Related Regulations Article IX tickets for visitors to tourist spots should implement one-vote system. Indeed the visitors to tourist spots to visit point must implement special focus on the protection of open, you need to _set_ up a separate ticket, as well as the convenience of tourists, the common point tickets and tickets for special visits or visitors to tourist spots adjacent to merge into a joint ticket ticket, the next higher level government price departments for approval. Ticket price should be less than the sum of the sum of various ticket prices. Visitors to tourist spots ordinary tickets, special ticket and ticket to visit the point must be publicized, voluntary choice by tourists. Article XII shall be the difference between Chinese and foreign visitors to tourist spots tourists, local tourists _set_ two ticket prices. Article XIII tour to visit the spot at the box office units should be prominently marked types of tickets, tours, prices, ticketing and concessionary fares preferential way of opening up.
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Consumers Association
Nature China Consumers' Association in 1984, the State Council approved the establishment of 12 menstruation, is a consumer goods and services and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of social supervision national social organizations. Purpose China Consumer Association's purpose is: to oversee social goods and services, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and guide rational consumers, consumer science, and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy. Fund Funding for the China Consumer Association and sponsored by the government-funded social. Statutory functions According to "People's Republic of China Consumer Protection Law," China Consumers' Association under the guidance of the Association at all levels and to fulfill the following seven functions: 1. Provide consumer information and consulting services to consumers; 2. Involved in supervision of the administrative departments for goods and services, check; 3. On issues relating to the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, the relevant administrative departments, inquiries and suggestions; 4. Receiving consumer complaints, investigate complaints and mediation; 5. Complaints involving commodities and service quality issues can be brought to the expert evaluation, appraisal department shall inform the expert conclusions; 6. Would prejudice the legitimate interests of consumers, provide support for injured consumers to sue; 7. Prejudice the legitimate interests of the consumer behavior, to be exposed through the mass media, criticism.
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Consumer market
Characteristics of the consumer market a) non-profit Consumers buy goods in order to get some kind of value in use, the consumption needs of their lives, rather than to resell for profit sales. 2) non-professional Consumers generally lack specialized product knowledge and market knowledge. When consumers buy goods, often vulnerable to manufacturers, merchants advertising, promotions, packaging and services affect attitudes. 3) hierarchy Due to the different income levels of consumers, in which different social classes, consumer demand will show a certain hierarchy. In general, consumers are always the first to meet basic survival needs and security needs, to buy food, clothing, shelter, and other necessities of life, and then gradually, as the case in order to meet the needs of higher level, enjoyment and development-oriented purchase goods . 4) Alternative Apart from a few non-commodity consumer products for ten ℃, most commodities can find alternatives or interchangeable use of goods. Therefore, the product of the consumer market have a stronger alternative. 5) extensive The consumer market, not only the large number of buyers, and buyers a wide geographic distribution. From the cities to the countryside, from domestic to foreign consumer markets everywhere. 6) epidemic Consumer demand not only by internal factors affecting consumers, but also affected by the environment, fashion, values extrinsic factors. Different times, different consumer demand will follow, consumer goods market has a certain epidemic.
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Consumer markets and organizational markets
Consumer market refers to all individuals and families to meet their needs and purchase constitutes markets. Market refers to all organizations organize everything for its own production, resell or sublet or for consumption and procurement organization constituted market. The main markets include producers, brokers market and government markets. Producers Market, also known as industrial markets, is the purpose of the purchase is to reproduction and tissue procurement market. Brokers resale market refers to the procurement of tissue market, brokers market including wholesalers, retailers, agents and distributors. The government because the government procurement market refers to the formation of the market. Contrast the organization of markets and consumer markets Fewer buyers: In general, the customer organization marketers face to face than the consumer goods marketers have far fewer customers. Larger purchases: Many organizations market is characterized by a high percentage of the purchase. Large fluctuations in demand: the demand for business goods and services than the demand for consumer goods and services are more varied, the demand for new plants and new equipment even more so. Professional procurement: procurement operations by purchasing agents specially trained to perform, they must comply with procurement policies, structures and requirements of the organization. People buy more influence: business people who purchase decisions affecting consumer buying decisions much more than that. Direct Purchase: Business buyers often purchase products directly from the manufacturers there, rather than through middlemen links, especially those technically complex and expensive projects especially (eg large computer or aircraft). Mutual purchased: Business buyers often choose those that are from them shopping suppliers. Leasing: Many business buyers are increasingly turning to equipment leasing to replace the direct purchase.
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Consumer Rights Day
(Consumer's right day) in order to expand consumer protection advocacy, making widespread attention in the world, to promote cooperation and exchanges in various countries, regional consumer organizations, to better carry out the work of protecting the interests of consumers, 1983 Consumers Union organization determines annually on March 15 as "World Consumer Rights Day." Since 1983, every year on March 15, consumer organizations around the world have held a large-scale activities to promote the rights of consumers, showing the power of consumers. Including issuing press releases to the public about the activities of consumer organizations; consumer organizations to tell people what work will be done to protect the interests of consumers; publicity through newspapers, journals, radio and television programs, distributing promotional materials, or consumers in the school publications. Consumer rights organization speech, efforts to improve awareness of consumer protection. Some national consumer organizations in this day collecting "Consumer interest in song" to the public, and some organizations speech contests, competitions or knowledge to protect consumers "the most serious damage to the interests of consumers a year event," the assessment activities; incentives to protect the legitimate interests of consumers who contribute to the work; organizing various exhibitions; organized consumer education seminars; consumer organizations in some countries also carry out consumer protection laws and regulations relating to the implementation of the inspection; held rallies, performances, field publicity and consultation Complaints and volunteer activities. Since the beginning of 1987, the annual March 15, consumer organizations across the country are united in various departments jointly held a grand celebration, the use of various forms of propaganda consumer protection laws and regulations relating to its results, and promote the whole society both concern and support for the protection of consumers' interests. "3.15 World Consumer Rights Day" campaign has become a widespread social impact, meaningful social activities.
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Biology consumers
Consumers are directly or indirectly to the producers of food organisms, also known as heterotrophic organisms (relative autotrophic organisms). Consumers are usually animals. By eating vegetarian animal producers to sustain life (directly to the producers of food), and then by a carnivore to a vegetarian animal digestion (as indirectly to the producers of food). In this process, the material is transferred only in the producer, also be transferred to the relevant energy consumers, but not all of the transfer. Goat eating leaves
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Economic Encyclopedia
Consumers in the study of economics, is the basic economic unit of the consumer to make an independent decision-making, it can be an individual, can also be a family, can also be a certain group.
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English Expression
: Consumer
n.: customer, person who buys goods or uses services