Liaoning Haicheng earthquake At 19:36 on February 4, 1975, China's Liaoning Haicheng, Yingkou County area (latitude 40 degrees 41 minutes east longitude 122 degrees 50 minutes) there was a strong earthquake. Magnitude 7.3, focal depth 16, 21 km, epicentral intensity of 6 degrees strong. The earthquake occurred in economically developed, densely populated central and southern Liaodong Peninsula. Seismic intensity of 7 degrees in the regional context, there Anshan, Yingkou, Liaoyang three large cities, population 1,678,000; there Haicheng, Yingkou, winding in 11 counties, population 6.67 million. Total population of 8.348 million, of which 20% of urban population, average population density is 1,000 people per square kilometer. Liaoning is China's industrial base, the country's heavy industry output value in the first column. Anshan steel company in the country known as the "Steel Capital". Convenience of traffic, road, rail network density is an important transportation hub in the Northeast. There is a large reservoir, small reservoir 109. Haicheng earthquake is the largest ever earthquake area. When the earthquake to shiny, to rumbling sound. Earthquake 90% of people have seen the low-light phenomenon. Distance as seen in light colors and light are not the same, shows a road near a long white band of light in the distance you see the red, yellow, blue, white, purple flash. In addition, cracks were seen to direct injection from the shade of blue, and smoke from a ground vent in the shade of the pink ball. In Haicheng, Yingkou, Panjin area heard the muffled thunder-like sound in general. The quake epicenter area of 760 square kilometers, most of the area housing and the dumping and destruction of buildings, local bending rail, bridges destroyed, the ground cracks, crater, and sandblasting to take water phenomenon, almost all damage to the chimney. Felt the earthquake a large range, north to the Nen and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang province, south of Jiangsu Province, Suqian, Wuyuan Town, west Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, beyond the eastern border to North Korea, there sense of radius of 1,000 kilometers. Economic losses from the earthquake to see the urban housing were damaged 5 million square meters of urban public facilities destroyed 1.65 million square meters, damaged 17.4 million square meters of rural housing, rural water transport facilities do not destroy 2937; a total equivalent to 810 million yuan. The proportion of urban and industrial large earthquake damage, both compared to the total loss of 61% urban, 39% in rural areas. The earthquake prediction and prevention and relief are the following lessons: 1, the success of a short-term prediction, effectively reducing the casualties. Haicheng earthquake, China's earthquake department had made a mid-term forecasts and short-term prediction. As early as 1970, the first National Conference on the historical earthquake seismic work, the current earthquake activity and fault activity of the new features have been identified Yingkou, Liaoning Province, Shenyang region as a national key surveillance zone of seismic work. June 1974, the State Seismological Bureau held north and the Bohai earthquake trend Chamber of Commerce, made twelve years, the Bohai Sea in northern areas may occur 5 to 6 earthquakes. Soon, the State Council approved and transmitted the State Seismological Bureau "on the north and the Bohai earthquake situation report." Of the seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions issued a mid-term earthquake prediction. In late January 1975, the earthquake department of Liaoning Province earthquake trend view that the first half of 1975, or l-2 months, the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula earthquake occurred six or so likely. At the same time: the State Seismological Bureau also made possible breeds in southern Liaoning Province, a major earthquake. At 0:30 on February 4, according to the Office of Liaoning Province Earthquake 1-3 February Yingkou, Haicheng County at the junction of characteristics of small earthquakes occur and the abnormal increase in the macro, the province issued with a temporary shock forecast the nature of No. 14 earthquake briefing, followed by a small earthquake made big earthquake, and in at 6:00 on February 4 and more to the provincial government put forward a more specific forecast views. At 10:30 on the 4th, the provincial government issued a call notice to the province, and release imminent earthquake prediction. As the forecast made before the earthquake and the short-term prediction, the provincial government and the earthquake cities, counties, adopted a series of emergency earthquake measures; thus greatly reducing casualties; example, Yingkou county government before the earthquake to four emergency preventive measures: ① stop all meetings of the urban and rural areas; ② industry shutdown, shops closed down: the general hospital patients sent home with combat vehicles, a few who think ill stay in tents in situ treatment of shock. Urban and rural guest houses, hostels to mobilize the guests leave; ③ stop urban cultural and entertainment activities; ④ organizations at all levels to take effective measures so that people from the house, livestock away from the ring, it is important farm machinery transferred to a safe place. The shock measures have been implemented very well, the streets, using loudspeakers village on the one hand, on the other faction to mobilize the masses of cadres and withdrawal from house to house dangerous houses, some still in open-air screening of the film, thus minimizing casualties. Such as 9 degrees in the area of seismic intensity large shiqiaozhen, total population 72,000 people, show 67% when the house collapsed, but only killed 21 people slightly injured 353 people. Again, a local garrison, before the earthquake is working with Anshan Spring goodwill mission to hold military and civilian party, the participants thousands of people, when receiving the emergency earthquake notification, the party decided not only to speech speech programs. Result staff just evacuated, the earthquake took place, hall collapsed, only a final leave injured soldiers. In addition, extensively carried out before the earthquake earthquake disaster reduction and public education, the cadres and the masses to grasp the knowledge of earthquake emergency, but also effectively reduce the casualties and losses. Such as the February 4 to 31 times from Dalian to Beijing passenger express train loaded with more than 1,000 Mercedes-Benz passenger railway in the earthquake zone. 19:36 train to the very front of the station earthquake tang mountain, suddenly found the front of the driver in front of the train; from the ground to a large area of sky blue and white flash. Knowledge of the driver to understand the earthquake and immediately realized that this is the land of light, to determine the earthquake coming, he calmly slow deceleration, the deceleration process of the earthquake occurred. As the speed is low, the end of an accident, the train safely to a halt, to ensure the safety of all passengers. The success of prevention before the earthquake prediction, but also brought a host of other social and economic benefits. As the reduction in casualties, especially young adults to reduce casualties, effectively ensure the disaster of earthquake relief, recovery and reconstruction of production proceed smoothly. Sent by the state to reduce the large number of relief workers and the loss caused due to shutdown. Before the earthquake hit 26 million yuan of industrial and agricultural GDP of Japan, the majority within 10 days after the earthquake resumed production, the region in two months on all returned to production. If the prediction and prevention, half-yearly production time calculation, the loss of 30-40 billion yuan. In addition, a number of key sectors before the earthquake was reinforced and handling, to avoid the possible occurrence of major secondary disasters. Liaoyang reservoir parameters such as the nest is one of the province's large reservoirs. No seismic fortification original quality of the project there are some problems. January 1975 to reinforce the dam, earthquake, dam rolling rocks, cracks in the dam to increase, the ice cracks appear 90 meters long, but the dam is safe no mess. Again, Qingming Chemical Plant in late December 1974 inventory of 4950 tons of explosive products to take emergency measures to tune out, eliminating the possibility of an explosion caused by the earthquake. The success of the Haicheng earthquake prediction, shocked the world. This is the human face of natural disasters from passive to active with a significant step, it created a human short-impending earthquake prediction success of the first of its kind, so that people see the prospect of earthquake prediction is bright. It is estimated that the Haicheng earthquake prediction has saved the lives of 10 million people, to avoid the billions of dollars in economic losses, just this point, the forecast can be said that a monument to the history of earthquake science. June 1976, the United States' Expedition to go to the Haicheng earthquake, "head Professor Lei Li in the earthquake scene, said:" China earthquake forecasting in a first-class. Haicheng earthquake prediction is more than a decade the world's major scientific achievements of one. " 2. Effectively organize relief, and further reduce earthquake damage. Haicheng earthquake just after the provincial government to _set_ up a night in Haicheng County Province earthquake relief headquarters, consists of office, medical, supplies, emergency maintenance, public security, earthquake forecasting and other agencies to immediately implement disaster response program command . The end of the affected province, the city, respectively, in Haicheng, Yingkou counties disaster relief station _set_ up support, division of labor contract system rescue. Shenyang, Liaoning earthquake also _set_ up a military headquarters, to guide the local garrison relief. If after the earthquake in Haicheng County garrison 10-20 minutes into the disaster site. According to incomplete statistics, they were rescued more than 2700 people. There is a group the night of the earthquake rescued 426 people. Haicheng a reconnaissance company of a division of troops, 2 minutes after the earthquake into the county guest house, and then sent an engineering battalion with the rescue, has played over 40 holes, fought for five days and nights, dug up more than 60 people were rescued live 18. Generally give the fight to save the wounded arm, and then carried out using this method save five wounded. February 6, in the future, the PLA has begun to clean up debris, cleaning up a place each time, first call of a call, listen to listen, take a look. At 11:00 on February 9, the last to be buried beneath a rescued 110 hours of foreign buyers, the injured was seriously injured and three degrees of frostbite, the hospital in time to rescue out of danger. After the earthquake, people in disaster areas under the leadership of governments at all levels, promote self-reliance, hard struggle, rapid recovery of production and rebuild their homes. In the resumption of production, the national and provincial investment 1.03 billion yuan, earthquake self $ 250 million. In the reconstruction, after two years of efforts, build houses 8.57 million square meters in rural areas; after 16 years of hard work, the construction of urban housing a total of 3.55 million square meters, public facilities, 110,000 square meters, 1.78 billion investment in the national and provincial Yuan, disaster raised 460 million yuan. 3. Should pay attention to post-earthquake disaster prevention.
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No. 2
Liaoning Haicheng earthquake [] At 19:36 on February 4, 1975, China's Liaoning Haicheng, Yingkou County area (latitude 40 degrees 41 minutes east longitude 122 degrees 50 minutes) there was a strong earthquake. Magnitude 7.3, 16.21 km focal depth, epicentral intensity of 9 degrees strong. The earthquake occurred in economically developed, densely populated central and southern Liaodong Peninsula. Seismic intensity of 7 degrees in the regional context, there Anshan, Yingkou, Liaoyang three large cities, population 1,678,000; there Haicheng, Yingkou, winding in 11 counties, population 6.6 million. Total population of 8.348 million, of which 20% of urban population, average population density is 1,000 people per square kilometer. Liaoning is China's industrial base, the country's heavy industry output value in the first column. Anshan steel company in the country known as the "Steel Capital". Convenience of traffic, road, rail network density is an important transportation hub in the Northeast. There is a large reservoir, small reservoir 109. Haicheng earthquake is the largest ever earthquake area. When the earthquake to shiny, to rumbling sound. Earthquake 90% of people have seen the low-light phenomenon. Distance as seen in light colors and light are not the same, shows a road near a long white band of light in the distance you see the red, yellow, blue, white, purple flash. In addition, cracks were seen to direct injection from the shade of blue, and smoke from a ground vent in the shade of the pink ball. In Haicheng, Yingkou, Panjin area heard the muffled thunder-like sound in general. The quake epicenter area of 760 square kilometers, most of the area housing and the dumping and destruction of buildings, local bending rail, bridges destroyed, the ground cracks, crater, and sandblasting to take water phenomenon, almost all damage to the chimney. Felt the earthquake a large range, north to the Nen and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang province, south of Jiangsu Province, Suqian, Wuyuan Town, west Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, beyond the eastern border to North Korea, there sense of radius of 1,000 kilometers. Economic losses from the earthquake to see the urban housing were damaged 5 million square meters of urban public facilities destroyed 1.65 million square meters, damaged 17.4 million square meters of rural housing, rural water transport facilities do not destroy 2937; a total equivalent to 810 million yuan. The proportion of urban and industrial large earthquake damage, both compared to the total loss of 61% urban, 39% in rural areas. Prediction and prevention and relief [lessons] 1, the success of a short-term prediction, effectively reducing the casualties. Haicheng earthquake, China's earthquake department had made a mid-term forecasts and short-term prediction. As early as 1970, the first National Conference on the historical earthquake seismic work, the current earthquake activity and fault activity of the new features have been identified Yingkou, Liaoning Province, Shenyang region as a national key surveillance zone of seismic work. June 1974, the State Seismological Bureau held north and the Bohai earthquake trend Chamber of Commerce, made twelve years, the Bohai Sea in northern areas may occur 5 to 6 earthquakes. Soon, the State Council approved and transmitted the State Seismological Bureau "on the north and the Bohai earthquake situation report." Of the seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions issued a mid-term earthquake prediction. In late January 1975, the earthquake department of Liaoning Province earthquake trend view that the first half of 1975, or l-2 months, the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula earthquake occurred six or so likely. At the same time: the State Seismological Bureau also made possible breeds in southern Liaoning Province, a major earthquake. At 0:30 on February 4, according to the Office of Liaoning Province Earthquake 1-3 February Yingkou, Haicheng County at the junction of characteristics of small earthquakes occur and the abnormal increase in the macro, the province issued with a temporary shock forecast the nature of No. 14 earthquake briefing, followed by a small earthquake made big earthquake, and in at 6:00 on February 4 and more to the provincial government put forward a more specific forecast views. At 10:30 on the 4th, the provincial government issued a call notice to the province, and release imminent earthquake prediction. As the forecast made before the earthquake and the short-term prediction, the provincial government and the earthquake cities, counties, adopted a series of emergency earthquake measures; thus greatly reducing casualties; example, Yingkou county government before the earthquake to four emergency preventive measures: ① stop all meetings of the urban and rural areas; ② industry shutdown, shops closed down: the general hospital patients sent home with combat vehicles, a few who think ill stay in tents in situ treatment of shock. Urban and rural guest houses, hostels to mobilize the guests leave; ③ stop urban cultural and entertainment activities; ④ organizations at all levels to take effective measures so that people from the house, livestock away from the ring, it is important farm machinery transferred to a safe place. The shock measures have been implemented very well, the streets, using loudspeakers village on the one hand, on the other faction to mobilize the masses of cadres and withdrawal from house to house dangerous houses, some still in open-air screening of the film, thus minimizing casualties. Such as 9 degrees in the area of seismic intensity large shiqiaozhen, total population 72,000 people, show 67% when the house collapsed, but only killed 21 people slightly injured 353 people. Again, a local garrison, before the earthquake is working with Anshan Spring goodwill mission to hold military and civilian party, the participants thousands of people, when receiving the emergency earthquake notification, the party decided not only to speech speech programs. Result staff just evacuated, the earthquake took place, hall collapsed, only a final leave injured soldiers. In addition, extensively carried out before the earthquake earthquake disaster reduction and public education, the cadres and the masses to grasp the knowledge of earthquake emergency, but also effectively reduce the casualties and losses. Such as the February 4 to 31 times from Dalian to Beijing passenger express train loaded with more than 1,000 Mercedes-Benz passenger railway in the earthquake zone. 19:36 train to the very front of the station earthquake tang mountain, suddenly found the front of the driver in front of the train; from the ground to a large area of sky blue and white flash. Knowledge of the driver to understand the earthquake and immediately realized that this is the land of light, to determine the earthquake coming, he calmly slow deceleration, the deceleration process of the earthquake occurred. As the speed is very low, not an accident, the train safely stopped, to ensure the safety of all passengers. The success of prevention before the earthquake prediction, but also brought a host of other social and economic benefits. As the reduction in casualties, especially young adults to reduce casualties, effectively ensure the disaster of earthquake relief, recovery and reconstruction of production proceed smoothly. Sent by the state to reduce the large number of relief workers and the loss caused due to shutdown. Before the earthquake hit 26 million yuan of industrial and agricultural GDP of Japan, the majority within 10 days after the earthquake resumed production, the region in two months on all returned to production. If the prediction and prevention, half-yearly production time calculation, the loss of 30-40 billion yuan. In addition, a number of key sectors before the earthquake was reinforced and handling, to avoid the possible occurrence of major secondary disasters. Liaoyang reservoir parameters such as the nest is one of the province's large reservoirs. No seismic fortification original quality of the project there are some problems. January 1975 to reinforce the dam, earthquake, dam rolling rocks, cracks in the dam to increase, the ice cracks appear 90 meters long, but the dam is safe no mess. Again, Qingming Chemical Plant in late December 1974 inventory of 4950 tons of explosive products to take emergency measures to tune out, eliminating the possibility of an explosion caused by the earthquake. The success of the Haicheng earthquake prediction, shocked the world. This is the human face of natural disasters from passive to active with a significant step, it created a human short-impending earthquake prediction success of the first of its kind, so that people see the prospect of earthquake prediction is bright. It is estimated that the Haicheng earthquake prediction has saved the lives of 10 million people, to avoid the billions of dollars in economic losses, just this point, the forecast can be said that a monument to the history of earthquake science. June 1976, the United States' Expedition to go to the Haicheng earthquake, "head Professor Lei Li in the earthquake scene, said:" China earthquake forecasting in a first-class. Haicheng earthquake prediction is more than a decade the world's major scientific achievements of one. " 2. Effectively organize relief, and further reduce earthquake damage. Haicheng earthquake just after the provincial government to _set_ up a night in Haicheng County Province earthquake relief headquarters, consists of office, medical, supplies, emergency maintenance, public security, earthquake forecasting and other agencies to immediately implement disaster response program command . The end of the affected province, the city, respectively, in Haicheng, Yingkou counties disaster relief station _set_ up support, division of labor contract system rescue. Shenyang, Liaoning earthquake also _set_ up a military headquarters, to guide the local garrison relief. If after the earthquake in Haicheng County garrison 10-20 minutes into the disaster site. According to incomplete statistics, they were rescued more than 2700 people. There is a group the night of the earthquake rescued 426 people. Haicheng a reconnaissance company of a division of troops, 2 minutes after the earthquake into the county guest house, and then sent an engineering battalion with the rescue, has played over 40 holes, fought for five days and nights, dug up more than 60 people were rescued live 18. Generally give the fight to save the wounded arm, and then carried out using this method save five wounded. February 6, in the future, the PLA has begun to clean up debris, cleaning up a place each time, first call of a call, listen, look. At 11:00 on February 9, the last to be buried beneath a rescued 110 hours of foreign buyers, the injured was seriously injured and three degrees of frostbite, the hospital in time to rescue out of danger. After the earthquake, people in disaster areas under the leadership of governments at all levels, promote self-reliance, hard struggle, rapid recovery of production and rebuild their homes. In the resumption of production, the national and provincial investment 1.03 billion yuan, earthquake self $ 250 million. In the reconstruction, after two years of efforts, build houses 8.57 million square meters in rural areas; after 16 years of hard work, the construction of urban housing a total of 3.55 million square meters, public facilities, 110,000 square meters, 1.78 billion investment in the national and provincial Yuan, disaster raised 460 million yuan. 3. Should pay attention to post-earthquake disaster prevention. Successfully predict the Haicheng earthquake [Secret] February 3, 1975, working at the Institute of Geophysics, Li Zhiyong, the end of the reservoir in Shenyang, after a month of observation, to Yingkou visit. February 4 morning, felt earthquakes occurred in Yingkou, for "earthquake is the command," the sense of responsibility, he rushed to the Science and Technology Bureau and Yingkou earthquake do to participate in the work. Reported in a steady stream of seismic data to draw up a chart, in his February 4 at noon and made a significant speculation in the evening of February 4, 12 or so may occur more than seven major earthquake. Yingkou has been of high tension in June 1974 the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the State Council forwarded 69 files, locking several possible areas of earthquake, Beijing, Tianjin, Tang, Bo Zhang, "based on a shock, vigilance, preparedness for more than six earthquakes surprise attack ... " Since then, the Yingkou region before the earthquake emerging signs of local earthquakes and lock workers have repeatedly speculated that the earthquake may occur. January 1975, the Liaoning Provincial Revolutionary Committee issued a briefing earthquake: Dandong, Yingkou, Luda, Panjin area earthquake may occur fifty-six. Secretary for listening, go out into the city to go in the afternoon the city had a emergency meeting on the earthquake, Li Zhiyong this inference is communicated at the meeting, and through grass-roots organizations such as street disseminated to the public. Many people confirmed that, prior to the Haicheng earthquake, the afternoon, residents were notified the night may have a major earthquake, earthquake preparations must be done, turn off the lights to sleep can not lock the door, and some places even open-air movie screenings notice, advised residents not to enter the house to sleep and so on. After opening the afternoon session, there are people called to say there is ground to air emission, Li Zhiyong, and earthquakes do people drive to see the back of the road, the earthquake took place, "I saw the fireball from the ground rise of the earth is constantly blasting water, witnessed this scene and others describe a completely different feeling. "According to the experience of Xingtai earthquake, he initially determine an earthquake's magnitude 7.4 level, and the data available to military as a basis for disaster relief. Haicheng earthquake, magnitude 7.3, epicenter intensity of 9 degrees and more, spread six cities, 10 counties, but only 1300 people died, accounting for 0.016% of the population. Successful in the history of the world for more than seven earthquake prediction is the first time. ※ excerpt "New Century Weekly" Author: Lizi Beijing November 14, 2008 at 06 53 points in Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, Anshan City (latitude 40.6, longitude 122.9) 4.3 earthquake occurred.