Bivalvia, oyster Branch, Anodonta is the generic term for shellfish. Elliptical or oval shape. Thin breakable crust. Department of narrow gluing, no gear. Dioecious. Meat for human consumption, or for feed. Some can be used fresh water pearl, such as Anodonta mussels.
Translated by Google
No. 2
anodonta Lamellibranchia Programme (lamellibranchia) clam Anodonta Division Head Oyster Anodonta subfamily is the generic term for shellfish. Distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and North Africa. See the kinds of learning Chinese back woodiana (a. woodiana woodiana) up to 200 mm shell length, oval in shape angularis, two shell expansion, the back edge of rear wings, the back three after the top issue since the shell rib vein, veins in the lower rib section line shells. More habitat in the mud at the end, the slow flow of water and still water, distributed in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Dioecious. Maturation in Jiangsu Province in March, mature eggs in the gill in vitro fertilization of female development, about 4 to 5 months glochidia mature excreted parasites in fish, mussels outgoing child rearing, the sink underwater life. Freshwater Pearl Mussel to, but production quality beads times. Meat for human consumption. Shell for the Chinese medicine. Morphological Anodonta shell with two oval, about the same shape, shell items outstanding. Shell more rounded front end, back end slightly _truncate_, curved ventral line, back line straight. Ministry stranded without teeth, the lateral ligament, relying on their flexibility, enables two shells open. Shell surface growth lines evident. There are muscles inside the shell attached to the muscle scar. Ventral edge of the shell jacket parallel marks; shell 3 before the top of the muscle scar, the largest oval adductor muscle scar for the former; later on the edge of a small, slightly triangular muscle scar before flinching; later off the assembly line for the foot muscle stretch marks. Shell near the back edge of the back-end there are two muscle scar, the large adductor muscle scar for the post, oval, its anterior edge is a small muscle scar after flinching. Mantle Close to the second shell surface is two thin mantle, surrounded by mussel body, mantle cavity between the jacket. Ciliary membrane surface of leather _set_s, ciliary beat a certain direction, causing the water flow. Two _set_s of back-office film in a little prominent, outlet pipe and into the water phase synthesis. Into the water pipes in the ventral, the mouth elongated, edge folding, there are many papillary sensilla; outlet position dorsal, mouth small, edges smooth. Foot Was ax-shaped, left and right side of the flat, rich muscle, visceral mass ventral position, forward and down out. The movement of organs for the mussels. Muscle Muscle scar and shell surface corresponding to visible before the adductor muscle (anterior adductor) and post-adductor muscle (posterior adductor), the thick muscular column, connecting about Shell, the shrinkage can crust off. Foot muscle contraction before (antenor retractor), retrusion foot muscle (pposterior retractor) and extended foot muscle (pprotractor) end with the feet, one end attached to the shell surface, can shrink and the extended foot. Digestive system Respiratory Coat both sides of the body cavity of mussels with two sheets of the flap of the gill (lamina), the gill flap is shorter than the outer gill flap. Each debate gill gill flap from the inside and outside the two (lamellae) form, and its trailing edge and the ventral margin of healing into a "u" shape, the back edge of the gill cavity (suprabranchial chamber). Gill flap by a number of vertical rows of gill filaments (branchial filament) structure, the surface of cilia, the gill filament spacing between the horizontal (interfilamenta junction) is connected, there are small holes called gill opening (ostrium). Second gill flap valve between the interval (interlamellar junction), the gill flap between the gill cavity divided into many small tube called the water (water tube). Interval and the interval of silk petals are blood vessels, gill, there is also supportive of blood vessels and a few quality stick (chitinous rod). On the gills and mantle of the ciliary beat, causing water flow, water from the inlet pipe into the mantle cavity, the gill opening to the gill cavity, along the water upstream of gill cavity, backward flow, the outlet pipe body. Water through the gills, that gas exchange. Mantle has assisted breathing function. Mussels per 24 hours after the body of water up to 40l, gill surface of the cilia can filter tiny food particles in the water, and then sent to the entrance lip chip. Therefore, supplementary feeding can still gills. Outside the gill cavity gill flap is where fertilized egg until the glochidia formation. Circulatory system From the heart, blood vessels, sinusoids composition. Heart bit dirty group pericardial cavity dorsal oval, oblong from the left and right ventricular and atrial film composition triangle. Out of a ventricle of the artery move backward. Stretched forward before the artery (aorta) line along the dorsal anterior intestine, rectum, after the ventral aorta extending along the back asked, after the branch into small arteries (artery) to the _set_s of film and the body. Finally, pooled in sinusoids (jacket sinus, foot sinus, sinus and other central〕, into the vein, the renal vein into the kidney and remove metabolites, and then the vein into the gills into the gills, the oxygen and carbon exchange through the gill venous return atrial appendage . part of the venous blood from the mantle into the atrial appendage, the coat cycle. Anodonta young blood in the blood protein (haemocyanian), oxidized blue, colorless and restore their hemoglobin and oxygen binding capacity of less than 100ml of blood _ General mollusks oxygen usually no more than 3mg. With amoeba-like cells in the blood, there is phagocytosis. Therefore, except the blood to deliver nutrients, there excretory function. Amoeba-like cell aggregates, pseudopodia part of its combination with each other, so that the blood coagulation (no fibrinogen in the blood clam). Excretory organ Mussels with a pair of kidneys, the renal tubes after the formation of specialized, also known as Bao Yanuo's control (organ of bojanus); there pericardial cavity gland, also known as Keppel's device (kebers organ). Kidney in the left and right ventral pericardial cavity, each headed by a sponge-like glands and a thin-walled tubular ciliary body composition, was "u" shape. The former in the next, kidney mouth open in the pericardial cavity; the latter, the kidney openings in the gills of the gill flap inside the front chamber. Gland pericardial cavity pericardial cavity anterior position, the branch of a group of glands, from the flat epithelial cells and connective tissue, of which the rich blood, metabolites can be collected, ranked finalists heart chamber, excreted by the kidneys. Macrophages among the organizations, but also excretory function. Nervous system Anodonta with 3 pairs of ganglia. Adductor muscle prior to the bottom of the esophagus cranial nerve on both sides of a section, is very small, in fact, brain sections and combined to form ganglia, cerebral ganglia can be called. In the front foot by foot within the upper buried in a pair of elongated shape of the pedal ganglia, the two together. Ganglion a pair of dirty, has healed, showing butterfly-like, the bit after the adductor muscle of the ventral epithelium below the larger. Brain, feet, dirty three pairs of ganglia connected between the cable connected to nerve, brain nerve connective longer dirty, obviously. Clam the senses developed, digital foot ganglion cyst near a balance, for the subsidence of the formation of epithelial foot. Within the otolith, the Secretary of the body balance. Top of epithelial dirty ganglion sensory epithelium to become equivalent to the olfactory examination of gastropods device for chemical sensors. Also in the mantle, the lip plates and pipes around the distribution of sensory cells. Reproductive system Mussel is dioecious, foot dorsal gonads bit around the gut, were grape-like glands, testes white. Ovary yellow. Reproductive ducts pass, gonopore after opening the hole in the bottom of a small kidney. Reproduction and individual development Mussels generally in the summer reproductive season, sperm outside the gill cavity gill flap fertilization. Zygote transition as the role of the mother's sticky and will not be flow out, and stay in the gill cavity development. So outside of the gill cavity gill flap, also known as pouch (marsupium). The completely unequal cleavage (which is spiral-type), developed into blastocysts, to outsourcing and the formation of the gastrula invagination method, developed into larvae, overwintering in the gill cavity. Back woodiana observed early embryonic cells, 2n = 38 chromosomes determine or 2n = 37 (19 for a single chromosome), the difference is unknown, may be related with the sex chromosomes (Ma Qingfu, etc. 1987). Coming spring, the larvae hatch and develop into the unique mussel glochidia (the equivalent of other bivalves in the veliger). Larvae of a bivalve. Have well-developed adductor muscle, ventral edge of the shell of the students about a strong hook, and possessed teeth. Students have a central abdomen with adhesive filaments, called foot wire. Health bristle shell side edge, feeling the role. Larvae have no mouth anus. Bivalve larvae by means of the opening and closing while swimming. Freshwater crab wrinkle fish (rhodaus sinensis), so as to length of the ovipositor into the mussel's inlet pipe, lay eggs in the mantle cavity of mussels. This clam glochidia have access next to the skin of fish can be parasites in the fish gills, fins, etc.. Stimulated fish by their abnormal proliferation of skin, the larvae wrapped in the towel, the formation of cystic. Fish larvae to absorb nutrients mantle epithelium. After 2 to 5 weeks, the metamorphosis into juvenile mussels, broken capsule away from the fish, sink to the bottom life. The parties reached sexual maturity 5 years. After continued growth.
Translated by Google
Introduction
Lamellibranchia Programme (Lamellibranchia) clam Anodonta Division Head Oyster Anodonta subfamily is the generic term for shellfish. Distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and North Africa. Most of the naturally formed pearl in vivo. Dorsal horn of the Chinese customary Anodonta species (A. woodiana woodiana) up to 200 mm shell length, oval in shape angularis, two shell expansion, the back edge of rear wings, the back three after the top issue since the shell rib vein, veins in the lower rib section line shells. More habitat in the mud at the end, the slow flow of water and still water, distributed in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Dioecious. Maturation in Jiangsu Province in March, mature eggs in the gill in vitro fertilization of female development, about 4 to 5 months glochidia mature excreted parasites in fish, mussels outgoing child rearing, the sink underwater life. Freshwater Pearl Mussel to, but production quality beads times. Meat for human consumption. Shell for the Chinese medicine.
Translated by Google
Shape and internal structure
Anodonta shell with two oval, about the same shape, showing mirror symmetry, shell items outstanding. Shell more rounded front end, back end slightly _truncate_, curved ventral line, back line straight. Ministry stranded without teeth, the lateral ligament, relying on their flexibility, enables two shells open. Shell surface growth lines evident. There are muscles inside the shell attached to the muscle scar. Ventral edge of the shell jacket parallel marks; shell 3 before the top of the muscle scar, the largest oval adductor muscle scar for the former; later on the edge of a small, slightly triangular muscle scar before flinching; later off the assembly line for the foot muscle stretch marks. Shell near the back edge of the back-end there are two muscle scar, the large adductor muscle scar for the post, oval, its anterior edge is a small muscle scar after flinching. Mantle Close to the second shell surface is two thin mantle, surrounded by mussel body, mantle cavity between the jacket. Ciliary membrane surface of leather _set_s, ciliary beat a certain direction, causing the water flow. Two _set_s of back-office film in a little prominent, outlet pipe and into the water phase synthesis. Into the water pipes in the ventral, the mouth elongated, edge folding, there are many papillary sensilla; outlet position dorsal, mouth small, edges smooth. Foot Was ax-shaped, left and right side of the flat, rich muscle, visceral mass ventral position, forward and down out. The movement of organs for the mussels. Muscle Muscle scar and shell surface corresponding to visible before the adductor muscle (anterior adductor) and post-adductor muscle (posterior adductor), the thick muscular column, connecting about Shell, the shrinkage can crust off. Foot muscle contraction before (antenor retractor), retrusion foot muscle (pposterior retractor) and extended foot muscle (pprotractor) end with the feet, one end attached to the shell surface, can shrink and the extended foot. Digestive system Respiratory Coat both sides of the body cavity of mussels with two sheets of the flap of the gill (Lamina), the gill flap is shorter than the outer gill flap. Each debate gill gill flap from the inside and outside the two (lamellae) form, and its trailing edge and the ventral margin of healing into a "U" shape, the back edge of the gill cavity (suprabranchial chamber). Gill flap by a number of vertical rows of gill filaments (Branchial filament) structure, the surface of cilia, the gill filament spacing between the horizontal (interfilamenta junction) is connected, there are small holes called gill opening (ostrium). Second gill flap valve between the interval (interlamellar junction), the gill flap between the gill cavity divided into many small tube called the water (water tube). Interval and the interval of silk petals are blood vessels, gill, there is also supportive of blood vessels and a few quality stick (Chitinous rod). On the gills and mantle of the ciliary beat, causing water flow, water from the inlet pipe into the mantle cavity, the gill opening to the gill cavity, along the water upstream of gill cavity, backward flow, the outlet pipe body. Water through the gills, that gas exchange. Mantle has assisted breathing function. Mussels per 24 hours after the body of water up to 40L, the gill surface of the cilia can filter tiny food particles in the water, and then sent to the entrance lip chip. Therefore, supplementary feeding can still gills. Outside the gill cavity gill flap is where fertilized egg until the glochidia formation. Circulatory system From the heart, blood vessels, sinusoids composition. Heart bit dirty group pericardial cavity dorsal oval, oblong from the left and right ventricular and atrial film composition triangle. Out of a ventricle of the artery move backward. Stretched forward before the artery (aorta) line along the dorsal anterior intestine, rectum, after the ventral aorta extending along the back asked, after the branch into small arteries (artery) to the _set_s of film and the body. Finally, pooled in sinusoids (jacket sinus, foot sinus, sinus and other central〕, into the vein, the renal vein into the kidney and remove metabolites, and then the vein into the gills into the gills, the oxygen and carbon exchange through the gill venous return atrial appendage . part of the venous blood from the mantle into the atrial appendage, the coat cycle. Anodonta young blood in the blood protein (haemocyanian), oxidized blue, colorless and restore their hemoglobin and oxygen binding capacity of less than 100ml of blood _ General mollusks oxygen usually no more than 3mg. With amoeba-like cells in the blood, there is phagocytosis. Therefore, except the blood to deliver nutrients, there excretory function. Amoeba-like cell aggregates, pseudopodia part of its combination with each other, so that the blood coagulation (no fibrinogen in the blood clam). Excretory organ Mussels with a pair of kidneys, the renal tubes after the formation of specialized, also known as Bao Yanuo's control (organ of Bojanus); there pericardial cavity gland, also known as Keppel's device (Kebers organ). Kidney in the left and right ventral pericardial cavity, each headed by a sponge-like glands and a thin-walled tubular ciliary body composition, was "U" shape. The former in the next, kidney mouth open in the pericardial cavity; the latter, the kidney openings in the gills of the gill flap inside the front chamber. Gland pericardial cavity pericardial cavity anterior position, the branch of a group of glands, from the flat epithelial cells and connective tissue, of which the rich blood, metabolites can be collected, ranked finalists heart chamber, excreted by the kidneys. Macrophages among the organizations, but also excretory function. Nervous system Anodonta with 3 pairs of ganglia. Adductor muscle prior to the bottom of the esophagus cranial nerve on both sides of a section, is very small, in fact, brain sections and combined to form ganglia, cerebral ganglia can be called. In the front foot by foot within the upper buried in a pair of elongated shape of the pedal ganglia, the two together. Ganglion a pair of dirty, has healed, showing butterfly-like, the bit after the adductor muscle of the ventral epithelium below the larger. Brain, feet, dirty three pairs of ganglia connected between the cable connected to nerve, brain nerve connective longer dirty, obviously. Clam the senses developed, digital foot ganglion cyst near a balance, for the subsidence of the formation of epithelial foot. Within the otolith, the Secretary of the body balance. Top of epithelial dirty ganglion sensory epithelium to become equivalent to the olfactory examination of gastropods device for chemical sensors. Also in the mantle, the lip plates and pipes around the distribution of sensory cells. Reproductive system Mussel is dioecious, foot dorsal gonads bit around the gut, were grape-like glands, testes white. Ovary yellow. Reproductive ducts pass, gonopore after opening the hole in the bottom of a small kidney.
Translated by Google
Reproduction and individual development
Mussels generally in the summer reproductive season, sperm outside the gill cavity gill flap fertilization. Zygote transition as the role of the mother's sticky and will not be flow out, and stay in the gill cavity development. So outside of the gill cavity gill flap, also known as pouch (marsupium). The completely unequal cleavage (which is spiral-type), developed into blastocysts, to outsourcing and the formation of the gastrula invagination method, developed into larvae, overwintering in the gill cavity. Back woodiana observed early embryonic cells, 2n = 38 chromosomes determine or 2n = 37 (19 for a single chromosome), the difference is unknown, may be related with the sex chromosomes (Ma Qingfu, etc. 1987). Coming spring, the larvae hatch and develop into the unique mussel glochidia (the equivalent of other bivalves in the veliger). Larvae of a bivalve. Have well-developed adductor muscle, ventral edge of the shell of the students about a strong hook, and possessed teeth. Students have a central abdomen with adhesive filaments, called foot wire. Health bristle shell side edge, feeling the role. Larvae have no mouth anus. Bivalve larvae by means of the opening and closing while swimming. Freshwater crab wrinkle fish (Rhodaus sinensis), so as to length of the ovipositor into the mussel's inlet pipe, lay eggs in the mantle cavity of mussels. This clam glochidia have access next to the skin of fish can be parasites in the fish gills, fins, etc.. Stimulated fish by their abnormal proliferation of skin, the larvae wrapped in the towel, the formation of cystic. Fish larvae to absorb nutrients mantle epithelium. After 2 to 5 weeks, the metamorphosis into juvenile mussels, broken capsule away from the fish, sink to the bottom life. The parties reached sexual maturity 5 years. After continued growth.
Translated by Google
Therapeutic effect
Sweet and salty, cold, hepatic, kidney; There detoxification, nourishing effect of eyesight; Can cure Fanre, diabetes, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, hemorrhoids, red eyes, eczema embolism.
Translated by Google
Wikipedia Daquan
hebang Mussel swan mussel Bivalvia clam Anodonta Division Head Oyster Anodonta subfamily is the generic term for shellfish. Distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and North Africa. Dorsal horn of the Chinese customary Anodonta species (see back woodiana) up to 200 mm shell length, oval in shape angularis, two shell expansion, the back edge of rear wing, the latter three from the back Shell issued a rib top clock, clock in the lower rib section line shells. More habitat in the mud at the end, the slow flow of water and still water, distributed in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds. Dioecious. Maturation in Jiangsu Province in March, mature eggs in the gill in vitro fertilization of female development, about 4 to 5 months glochidia mature excreted parasites in fish, mussels outgoing child rearing, the sink underwater life. Freshwater Pearl Mussel to, but production quality beads times. Meat for human consumption. Shell for the Chinese medicine. (Liu Yueying)