Mammals. Body fat, well-developed hind legs, long and dense hair. Neanderthals forest areas by the river, good swimming, to bark and grass plants for food. Hong beaver male performance secretion. Mainly in the Soviet Union and North America, People's Republic of China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Mongolia border region is also produced. Hong beaver fur and are very precious.
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Species name
Chinese Name: beaver Alias: Beaver Scientific name: castor fiber Category: Industry: animal kingdom animalia Gang: Gang mammalis are breast-feeding Order: Rodentia rodentia Division: Division castoridae beaver Is: is castor beaver
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Shape features
Beaver is China's largest rodent in one. Camp semi-aquatic life, body fat, short, blunt head, small eyes, small ears and neck short. Sharp incisors, particularly the developed mas_set_er muscle, a 40 cm 2 h of the tree can simply snapped. Short forelimbs wide. No previous webbed hind legs thick, webbed toes with the whole, and itching toe. Fourth toe is very special, a double Zhao Jia, one for the claw, one for a form. Last big and wide, covered by horny scales down flat. Body hair off the back needle and thick, thick, soft hair, the abdomen was basically fluff coverage. Back lanes are rusty brown. Yellow-brown hairs, head, abdomen, back, coat color than the light, grayish brown. Submental nearly yellow. Juvenile gray-brown color. See a previous anal gland secretion of Hong gland "beaver fragrance." Weight 17 ~ 30 kg, body length 60 ~ 100 cm, tail length 21 ~ 38 cm.
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Habits
Behavior Habits: nocturnal, rarely out of its hole during the day, good swimming and diving, does not hibernate. Beaver is a unique ability barrier dam, beaver habitat or habitat all over the place, there is a pond, lake or swamp. Beaver always tirelessly with branches, built by piling stones and slime dams to block the stream's path, then the convergence of a small pond, you can become a large area of many acres of lakes. Beaver has the ability to transform their habitat. When entering a new habitat or habitat when water levels fall, beavers will use tree branches, mud and other water storage dams to protect the hole in the water, to prevent the enemy intrusion. Sometimes in order to shore beaver dam building materials used in transportation to the closure of the dam, at the meter-long canal excavation. Beaver action at the slow and clumsy on land, not far from the waterfront activities. Its self-defense is weak, timid, like a quiet environment, a case of shock and danger that jumped into the water, and beat the water with powerful tail to warn its kind.
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Environment
Habitat in the boreal coniferous forest and mixed coniferous forest edge of the river, cave. Good swimming and diving, mainly at night. Caves dug in the river, often under the roots to fresh bark, branches and reeds for food. Produced in northern Xinjiang. Beaver in northern Eurasia had a wider distribution of its fur was valuable and long-term uncontrolled hunting, the distribution is reduced, our country is only produced in the Bulgan River, have now _set_ up nature reserves. Semi-aquatic beaver camp life, are mainly found in taiga and mixed coniferous zone river. Roots by the river, or caves below the soil water slowly steep bank, not the hole into the water, leaving holes and the ground covered with a pile of tree trunks, house nest above the water, which is very wide, paved with hay.
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Distribution
Beaver Distribution: Russia, Germany, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Poland, Canada, western Mongolia, Xinjiang, China. Mongolia beaver distribution: Xinjiang, China, western Mongolia. China's Xinjiang and Mongolia beaver beaver in Mongolia and Asia belong to the Eurasian species, narrow distribution, a small number in China, and only distributed in the upper reaches of Ulungur Gerry Green River, Bulgan River, Chaganguole River, especially in the Bulgan River is most concentrated, the vegetation is the best of the entire basin.
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Population Status
In China due to ecological destruction and human factors, and its distribution area rapidly reduced, now the brink of extinction. Full Ulungur water fluctuations in the number of beaver are between 500 to 800, of which 35 Bulgan River family, Chagan River has two families, Bulgan River to Ulungur Fuhai segment about 130 families. The beaver Mongolia protection well, quantity. Bulgan River part of the territory of Mongolia, about 40 km from the border natural distribution area for the beaver, the other said several rivers in Mongolia has moved to support artificial beaver. Countries in 1981 established in Bulgan River Nature Reserve, China's only beaver.
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Growth and reproduction
Beaver breeding 1 year, 1 to 2 months mating, calving in April and May, each child 1-6 Aberdeen, for the 106d about pregnancy, breast-feeding about 2 months after birth, pups will be swimming 2d, the first 3 years of maturity. Life expectancy of 12 to 20 years. Beaver eating a variety of plants, twigs, bark, roots, but also eat aquatic plants, Yang, the young willow branches and bark. Summer Beaver also shore feeding herbs, such as iris, Jing Tri, Shuicong and grass plants. As the feed, fixed on the shore often trod the road. In the autumn, beaver activity in the twilight frequently, such as biting the branch about 1 m, the title to the hole near the deep water storage, to prepare for winter, when consumption. Beaver habitat in the area, often to see sized thick stumps, beaver this is a masterpiece. Because the trees, tree branches they dam, barrier nest good material, bark, leaves the best of their winter food reserves.
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Protection level
Belong to the state level to protect animals.
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Economic value and research value
Beaver meat is delicious, beaver fur is very valuable, from the water a dripping water does not stick its fur, its valuable spices for the incense gland secretions - beaver fragrant spices is one of the world, four animals, but also as a medicine in doping. Therefore, the beaver has a high economic value. Beaver widely distributed than 200 million years ago, when the animal species are already extinct, a small number of the evolution of new species, and beavers survived, but the body was the only original degenerate 1 / 10. Therefore, the beaver has been called a living fossil of ancient vertebrates, with high research value.
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Reduce the number of protected areas, the reasons for beaver
1. Bulgan River is dotted with Yang, Liu and other forest species composition of the natural valley, the early 1980s when the newly established protected areas, where the lush grass, but over the past 10 years due to various reasons, Bulgan River sides of secondary forest dropped nearly 60%, the water level dropped more than 1 m; beaver distribution greatly reduced, other animals and birds are also extremely rare. Because the artificial reduction of vegetation, soil erosion, river bed collapse, the local river diversion, some beaver nest has collapsed. As the beaver plants for food, destruction of vegetation will reduce the load capacity of the environment beaver, beaver Ben re_set_tlement need to collect long-distance food, also increased the probability of being enemies. 2. Bulgan River water conservancy facilities, beaver artificially blocked migration routes, leading to reduce the number of beaver. The establishment of hydroelectric dams, channel migration as not repair, so that China and Mongolia beaver no longer up and down movement, to freedom, "marriage" was. Electricity generation needs, often to water. Therefore, the river levels change frequently, but also a great range of water level changes on the beaver living significantly. During the winter, due to the reasons for water ice constantly heightening power, water and even some beaver flooding of nests, beaver needs a dry environment, so their only escape. 3 is a valuable fur animal beaver, beaver fragrant spices is extremely rare, so the beaver poaching phenomenon have occurred. As the fishing net in case of accidental injury of a small beaver also occur. 4. Wulun river system of cross-strait agricultural and pastoral activities, increased year by year, beaver habitat is shrinking. Not only compete with livestock feed beaver, beaver damage to the caves and also the ground nest. According to statistics, from 1989 to 1990 the rate of protected areas doubled abandoned cave. The number of abandoned caves over the effective number of holes, to continue beaver difficult to find a suitable location Zaixun nest hole construction. 5 resident population growth. Since opening in 1992 and Mongolia in protected areas, trade ports, the Government intends to establish a business in this town, requires pastoralists to _set_tle, is to protect the resident population of the region of 2,800 people from 20 years ago, grew to 4400 people, and still growing, can be said that protected areas have become the trend of development zones. Population increase of resources, environmental degradation, is caused by beaver endangered the main reason.
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Reduce the number of protected areas, the reasons for beaver
1. Bulgan River is dotted with Yang, Liu and other forest species composition of the natural valley, the early 1980s when the newly established protected areas, where the lush grass, but over the past 10 years due to various reasons, Bulgan River sides of secondary forest dropped nearly 60%, the water level dropped more than 1 m; beaver distribution greatly reduced, other animals and birds are also extremely rare. Because the artificial reduction of vegetation, soil erosion, river bed collapse, the local river diversion, some beaver nest has collapsed. As the beaver plants for food, destruction of vegetation will reduce the load capacity of the environment beaver, beaver Ben re_set_tlement need to collect long-distance food, also increased the probability of being enemies. 2. Bulgan River water conservancy facilities, beaver artificially blocked migration routes, leading to reduce the number of beaver. The establishment of hydroelectric dams, channel migration as not repair, so that China and Mongolia beaver no longer up and down movement, to freedom, "marriage" was. Electricity generation needs, often to water. Therefore, the river levels change frequently, but also a great range of water level changes on the beaver living significantly. During the winter, due to the reasons for water ice constantly heightening power, water and even some beaver flooding of nests, beaver needs a dry environment, so their only escape. 3 is a valuable fur animal beaver, beaver fragrant spices is extremely rare, so the beaver poaching phenomenon have occurred. As the fishing net in case of accidental injury of a small beaver also occur. 4. Wulun river system of cross-strait agricultural and pastoral activities, increased year by year, beaver habitat is shrinking. Not only compete with livestock feed beaver, beaver damage to the caves and also the ground nest. According to statistics, from 1989 to 1990, protected areas, doubling the rate of abandoned caves. The number of abandoned caves over the effective number of holes, to continue beaver difficult to find a suitable location Zaixun nest hole construction. 5 resident population growth. Since opening in 1992 and Mongolia in protected areas, trade ports, the Government intends to establish a business in this town, requires pastoralists to _set_tle, is to protect the resident population of the region of 2,800 people from 20 years ago, grew to 4400 people, and still growing, can be said that protected areas have become the trend of development zones. Population increase of resources, environmental degradation, is caused by beaver endangered the main reason. Beaver mainly in the northern part of the Americas, Asia, Europe, few in number, Gerry Green River in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Bulgan River and the intersection of their beaver Ulungur is the only distribution. Where the growth of Young, dense willow trees and shrubs, growing in the water iris, Jing Mitsubishi, Shuicong and other aquatic plants, providing for the beaver-rich foods. Industrious beaver is an unusual animal, and began to live from the tireless, building dams on the unique skills. Therefore, in the UK and the U.S. people like to use the "beaver" is to praise those who work tirelessly for the people. Their food is mainly Yang, Liu, birch and other trees of fresh bark, twigs and roots. During the long winter to eat these fresh foods, from September to October each year before the on_set_ of winter, grazed a tree on a large number of winter food reserves. They bite the trunk and branches into a meter-long Trunk, transported to the hole near the bottom soaked in centralized storage, first with rubble to branch pressure is good, then sealed the soil, which is their "vault." If winter comes, snow mountain, the lake results from a thick layer of ice, many animals are facing the threat of cold and hunger, while the beaver warm and lived in the room and to enjoy their grandchildren, can go to the hungry long storage lake to dig a good tree. Fox, Bobcats want to wear out beaver Lubing the roof, but each ended in failure, because the roof is very strong, they can not shake. More pairs of beaver activity, often gregarious together, one by one "water pavilion" in a row, sometimes more than the dozen. Mate each spring, early summer litter, tires and more for every Aberdeen, Aberdeen is also 2-3. Small beaver love playing on the shore, if foxes and other predators to commit, the mother beaver tail hit the water will sound the alarm, fled to a small beaver into the water. Beaver tail function does not stop at eating the branches, its two hind legs and tail also separate categories to make the body stable, strong and even began to live up. To the end of the summer, a small beaver can live independently. In the western United States, people in order to control River water, the beaver into the air, where the embankment _set_tle down. Ji regulate the upstream water, but also to make a small valley into a fertile valley. Many water level drop zone, but also the use of beaver to dam water. 1954 drought in New York, Xiong Shangong park land near the cracks, but due to beaver dam water park, a green, the park's animals are spared the difficulty of drought. Beaver is the animal world's greatest architect, it can transform their living environment. When the beavers moved to a new river, it's the first thing to do is build a dam. It is strong and the teeth bite off with trees, onto the destination, then agile front paws to fill in between the broken trunk of mud, stones, and small branches to the dam. Dam blocking the flow to form a pond. In its middle of the pond, beaver building its nest. The middle of an empty nest, young beaver was born here and safely away from the enemy. Sometimes, the beaver's nest will be handed down from generation to generation. It is said that there are some beaver nests have lived 1,000 years old. Beaver action at the slow and clumsy on land. But because of torpedo-shaped body and webbed feet. They became a swimmer. In the water, they rely on a flat tail flapping up and down to move forward. Beaver's lair born baby is very safe. Within a few days they will swim. But because a large easy to float. The order that they can not channel potential along the nests of no less than to go to the pond.