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Show Map Contents ·百科辞典 ·Thesaurus ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·More results... 百科辞典 沈阳市 百科辞典 　　Shenyang shi 　　沈阳市 　　Shenyang Shi 　　　　辽宁省省会，全省政治、经济、文化、交通中心。东北地区最大工业城市，亦为中国重工业基地和经济中心城市之一。位于辽河平原中部。辖 9区和辽中、新民2县。面积8515平方公里,人口570.29万；其中市区3495平方公里，人口453.87万。沈阳因位于沈水（今浑河）之北得名。战国时为燕国重镇，名“候城”。辽称沈州。元成宗大德元年(1297)改沈州为沈阳路，初创城廓，设立官署。明初设沈阳卫。清太祖天命十年(1625)自辽阳迁都沈阳，1634年改称盛京（满语称“莫克敦”意为盛大京都）。1657年设奉天府。1914年改沈阳县，1934年设市。九一八事变后，沈阳改称奉天市。1948年沈阳市曾为中央直辖市。1954年为辽宁省省会。 　　　　市境位于平原，海拔45米左右。地势东北较高，向西南微倾。属暖温带季风型大陆性气候。年均温7.8℃，1月均温-12℃，最低温可达-31.6℃，7月24.6℃，最高可达38.3℃，年降水量734毫米，无霜期150天。 　　　　19世纪末叶成为手工业生产和贸易中心。日、俄侵入后沦为半殖民地城市。20世纪初铁路交通发展，机械、纺织、面粉、榨油工业兴起。30年代许多企业为日资控制。50年代后沈阳是国家重点建设城市。与抚顺、鞍山、本溪等煤铁产地相距不远，利用此有利条件促使重工业迅速发展，形成以机械工业为主，包括冶金、食品、纺织、化工、金属制品、电子等门类较齐全的综合性工业城市。重工业产值在全国各大工业城市中居第 4位。所产大型变压器居全国第1位，金属切削机床居全国第2位。沈阳重型机械厂、第一机床厂、第三机床厂、电缆厂、风动工具厂等企业生产的多种机床和锻压设备，大型采矿、选矿、烧结和轧钢设备，50万伏成套输变电设备，大型冶金、煤炭、发电设备，风机、气化机、阀门及飞机、汽车、拖拉机等产品，在国内外具有一定竞争能力。压力锅、味精等为著名轻工产品。市境西郊的沈阳油田已具有年产高凝油300万吨的生产能力,为中国目前高凝油生产的最大基地。 　　　　沈阳为联系东北 3省和关内的交通枢纽。主要铁路有京沈、哈大、沈丹、沈吉等干线，及沈阳—抚顺、阜新等铁路支线。其中沈丹线可通朝鲜。沈阳又处于全省公路运输网中心，有京哈、黑（河）大（连）、丹(东)霍（林河）、明(水)沈等5条国家级公路,并有沈盘(山)、沈通（化）、沈营（口）、沈平（岗）等6条省级公路。沈（阳）—大（连）高速公路已于1990年9月通车。 沈阳也是东北最大的航空站，有班机飞往北京、上海、南京、杭州、长春、哈尔滨、大连等地。 　　　　市区西部铁西区是重工业集中地，多大型工厂。大东区亦为工业区。和平区以政府、文化、科研机关和商业为主。皇姑区东部是文化和风景区。沈河区位于市中心，明、清时期的沈阳旧城、故宫及现今市政府均坐落本区。1948年后市政建设发展，绿化面积增大，利用浑河水开挖运河，流经沈河区南部与和平区，将两岸万泉、青年、鲁迅、南湖等公园连接,风景秀丽,是游览休息场所。市境北部有面积达 4万平方米的现代化地下街。市境西郊的张士屯有占地近10平方公里的出口加工区。城区南端有占地22.2平方公里的南湖开发区，是沈阳市的高科技密集区。 　　　　 沈阳铁西街中心广场 　　　　沈阳为东北地区重要教育科研中心，有东北工学院、辽宁大学、鲁迅艺术学院、中国医科大学等20多所大专院校和中国科学院有色金属研究所、中国科学院林业土壤研究所等120多处科研机构。 　　　　清故宫位于旧城中央，系清初皇宫,占地6万多平方米，是中国现有三大宫殿群之一。1948年后建为故宫博物馆。东陵（福陵）是清太祖努尔哈赤及皇后陵墓。北陵（昭陵）是清太宗皇太极及皇后陵墓。北陵东侧建有革命烈士陵园。辽宁博物馆是中国早期建立的博物馆之一。珍藏大量历史文物。北郊有新乐新石器时代早期文化遗址。 　　　　 （张耀光） 　　　　 Thesaurus Shenyang Related Phrases northeast Liaoning Province Wikipedia Daquan coeducation a senior high school mingxiao school Municipal priority Shenyang Huashanlu Huanggu District Yaming Regional District index build China Institution information college limited liability company electronic Machinery Salt Salt regulate Office enterprise Automation Co., Ltd. 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