The inventor of the coal mine safety lamp 汉弗莱戴维 is a British chemist. December 17, 1778 was born in a poor family in the UK. Father died young. Mother by the father had a small farm can not feed five children, so sold the farm, the family moved to Penzance, in the mother's father lives with the help of Tom King. David grew very smart, always thinking of, something fresh, something reconnaissance. Child's teacher often praised his gifted, learning hard. The advice of the teacher to leave his young life, Cole used to the small mountain village Noor, John Tonkin to live at home. Grandfather Tom King's home is very comfortable. The window is the blue sea in the morning and evening to push open the window to enjoy sunrise and sun_set_. Such a beautiful environment in which David is happy and excited. Nature is always a good stirring with David's mind, he really want to learn something. Father's sudden death, damage to a beautiful vision. Young David was silent. He likes his own chemical laboratory apparatus receives a large clo_set_ because the mother has been unable to give him spending money to buy chemicals. In order to feed five children, she sold the small farm, with brothers and sisters also moved to Penzance come. Mother opened a small hat shop, but still not well-off financially, so David's future must be carefully considered, although a minor but he needs to work on their own to help the mother. David is very like that of biological mother, like chemistry experiment or something. So he decided to send him to a gentleman named John BLS pharmacy to work. Mr. BLS is a good doctor, David can while working to learn. David is very pleased to make this decision, on the one hand he feels can help the mother of his labor; the other hand, Mr. Boleslaw he can learn a lot of chemical laboratory and medical knowledge. Scientific knowledge to attract him, and he was going all out to study and work. In the library, he found a lot of books. He carefully read the chemist Lavoisier's book, read the Nike Wilson's "Chemical Dictionary." By reading these books, he felt he should learn chemistry is, so he used all his free time reading chemistry books hard to experiment. Soon he was a minor celebrity in the Penzance. These conditions are called 托马斯贝多斯 Clifton, who knows.托马斯贝多斯 was a physician, he wrote a number of medical and health science books. 1798, in Clifton, a gas treatment founded the Institute, engaged in gas on the impact of the body. Opened on the eve of Beiduo Si found David, telling him: "I want to _set_ up a gas research, study the role of various gases on the human body. I is in urgent need of a person versed in chemistry, I would like you to go." David was very happy . After David to Clifton, on the work to be done they soon _set_tled. David is responsible for manufacturing a variety of gases, do all sorts of experiments. David's first job is made out of nitrous oxide and to study its characteristics. The gas of the David to the conclusion: this gas on the human body without harm. This completely negates the American scientist Samuel, Mitchell's point of view. Mitchell has been inhaling nitrous oxide that the body will suffer from serious illnesses. David has found that it gives rise to pleasure, there are pain anesthesia, can be used for surgery. In the course of the study, there have been caused by the nitrous oxide's a comedy. David made the day took a big bottle of nitrous oxide on the floor. Then Beiduo Si came, he entered the lab to praise David said: "It seems to me you are too right, I am very satisfied with your work." Then he turned around and came across a large triangle stand, tripod fell off, just hit the nitrous oxide containing a large number of the bottle, the bottle broke. The lab is full of such gases. Suddenly been withdrawn, cold stern Beiduo Si with a laugh, with David also laughed. Both laughter shook the whole house, next door to the lab assistants all came out to see them turned into such a laughing child, puzzled, thinking that they have made crazy. Aides suddenly realized that they both must be gas poisoning. Indeed, when Beiduo Si calm down a little, he said: "David, you die of gas makes me laugh, let's get out and let in the wind it." Is a comedy through this small incident, David developed a nitrous oxide stimulating effect of nitrogen on the human body. Count on David said: "We want to _set_ up an Institute based in London. Society is the name of development of science and useful knowledge popularization Society. The Society is also in addition to teaching students to do research." Dr. David may feel left Beiduo Er difficult to say, but this new Institute is to make him fascinated. He decided to go to London to participate in this work. David Lang Defu Please adhere to the count, because a short period of exposure has led to the young count was not high society although people seemed so gracious, but he has extraordinary talent and good eloquent figure. In addition to agricultural chemistry, David also continue to study the chemistry of electrical problems. On this issue, David had some success in Clifton, he continued to study through the writing of "the role of certain chemicals on the electricity," a book. When he made the material in the report by the Royal Society, news that came out of the unheard of - power will play a role in chemistry! David is a great inventor. So David's achievements earned him his own higher prestige. David has followed in the experiment, we found two new metal. He found new metal potassium and sodium is very lively, very strong response capability. Repeated in several experiments in various ways, David was injured, the wound scarring his face after an injured eye was blind. Loss is heavy, but has confirmed that soda and potash from the two different metals can be extracted potassium and sodium. Both metals are soft, lighter than water, can reflect with a heated water to produce flame. Just then, Sir Bernard brought a message: Emperor Napoleon issued a decree. British scientists 汉弗莱戴维 medals awarded in recognition of his contributions in the establishment of the electrical aspects. This is a very high reward, award ceremony will be held in Paris. Britain and France were at war, so Bernard said: "We have no right to accept the reward from the hands of the enemy. But we are proud that even the enemy of your achievements acknowledged." "Should not accept the reward, all members of the Royal Society support kinds of views. "But David said:" I'm for science, for all mankind to work. scientists struggle if you want to expand, it is just an ideal to strive for victory, the struggle to uphold the truth. So I decided to go to France. "completed to accept the Versailles hall and Sol Punta satisfied at the solemn ceremony, a grand award ceremony, David has put intense research. David in the "Philosophical Foundation of Chemistry", a book, made not a compound oxide hydrochloride, but a simple substance, like oxygen, like to support combustion. Therefore, there is not a non-combustion oxygen can not. And the oxidation of hydrochloric acid is not oxygen, that oxygen-free acid can also exist. Lavoisier's where he fixed two errors, one can not have oxygen combustion; Second, acid is not necessarily to be oxygenated. David received the title Lord after a wealthy widow married. A few months later they went to honeymoon travel. David brought a can and a mobile laboratory assistant - Michael Faraday, conducted a 18-month trip to Europe. When they return to the motherland, I happened to catch the British declared a national mourning mourning. At that time Carl Deaver in Newcastle and several terrible mine explosion occurred, causing the deaths of thousands of miners. Coal companies in order to ensure the safe operation of the mine, issued a special bonus, awarded to the invention used in a mine safety lamp of the inventor. Special requests, general manager of David to help them solve this problem. Mine brought him experiment with the "Detonation gas", this is a dangerous gas. In fact, it is the composition of the two volumes of hydrogen and oxygen consisting of a volume of explosive mixture. David and his assistants studied the Faraday repeated nature of this gas, the combustion characteristics and it caused devastating explosion conditions. Their work lasted almost a full year. They think with some fine tube, to maintain the miner's lamp burning need to introduce air through the small tube inside the lamp, and then through the thin gas discharge tube to outside lights. When the tube down to a certain extent, even the existence of such mines in the Detonation gas, there will not be because of its contact with the lamp flame caused by explosion. They repeatedly observed when the flame using a different pipe size changes, a series of systematic experiments. Early 1816, and finally succeeded in designing a safe miner's lamp. The miner's lamp is very effective. David with a small mesh net instead of the metal miner's glass, so that the flame will not be exposed burn gas, and gas is free passage from the hole. Soon, this lamp is widely used in coal mines, the miners out of the mine from a deadly threat. This invention is designed as safety miner's lamp, David won the Longford Award. In 1820, David was elected President of the Royal Society. December 20, 1826, David was elected Honorary Fellow of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. David's research, while involved in all aspects, but he has not relaxed the study of electricity, because at that time a number of phenomena related to electricity have not been satisfactorily explained, the nature of electricity is no clear research results, must be constantly repeated experiment. He and Faraday, the famous Danish physicist Oersted Although other scientists have some results, but only the beginning, the life of David almost uninterrupted electricity to explore the secret of perseverance. David has a special laboratory of such phenomena, which have a variety of measuring instruments to measure the conductivity of the object of special containers and other equipment. All these achievements are his life work in exchange for use. David was seriously ill in 1828. Prior to that he had been to Geneva and the Swiss resort, but her condition has not improved. This time he was living in Geneva in the suburbs. This year in May with his wife and his brother John David had come. But David has been very weak, he could only motionless, waiting for the power of life fades. May 29, 1829, the great scientist 汉弗莱戴维 died.
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汉弗里戴维 - David and the Faraday
汉弗里戴维 The great world-famous chemist 汉弗里戴维 (H. Davy ,1778-1829) Michael Faraday discovered (M. Faraday ,1791-1867) of the order, and the son of a blacksmith, a small bookstore binder admitted to large research institutions - the Royal College as his assistant. David has the horses in the eye, and this has been a shining example of the history of science, eager lips. David found himself as the giant Faraday proud of the science. He recuperate in the hospital before death, a friend to see him, ask him the greatest discovery in life is what he stop talking not mention his many chemical elements found in any one, said: "My greatest discovery is a people - Faraday! " Without David, Faraday's diary would not be so prominent, modern electricity will rewrite the history of the development. David's achievement is great, indelible, the spirit of David's horses and even the scientific community is still a role model for all walks of life. However, this great man left us, not only experience, and his lesson, and this is the consequences of jealousy. At this time Faraday party thirty years. As the saying goes, Sanshierli. Both in terms of their knowledge, or to its ability, the Faraday already have the level of independent study. He entered the Royal Academy since 1813, working and learning are particularly hard, hard, and in 1816 published the first papers to 1821 more than 30 articles have been published. However, he is still a lab assistants. Faraday keen to see the significance of Oersted's discovery, he commented: "It suddenly opened the door to a family is not the field, where the past is a dark, now filled with light." So he spent three months reviewed all the literature on this issue, repeat a series of experiments, wrote an electromagnetic study status report for the further study of electromagnetic phenomena laid a solid foundation. He carefully analyzed the needle deflection caused by Oersted found that the current experiment, thinking of Wollaston wire rotation of the magnetic test failure. After repeated tests and think, he thought, since the needle trying to turn around the magnetic needle, that power pole magnet wire around the revolution, not envisaged by the rotation of Wollaston. Thus, in accordance with the ideas of Faraday to the test: an aquarium in the center stood a bar magnet, magnetic bar at the bottom with wax "stick" on the Bottom. Down on the mercury tank, just give him a pole, put a cork on a blister Sizha, let cork floating on the surface of mercury, mercury received through the wire bottom of the Volta a pole on the stack, the top through a wire Root was soft and light copper voltaic stack connected to another pole. This forms a closed loop, vertical surface of the mercury will have current through the wire. The power is turned on, and she realized the power wire around the magnet revolution. This simple device, is the world's first electric motor. It was a great success, Oersted discovered the rotating force is there, but then realized long Faraday rotation. Experimental apparatus Faraday wanted to experiment and its results will own all about listening to Wollaston and Davy, but both of them is out. Also, Faraday's friends tried to persuade him to his job immediately made public, otherwise the amp is studying this issue and others published the results once the first to to go ahead of the Faraday. Therefore, Faraday agree with his friends will come out of his lab reports published, and finally taking a little time he has been married three months, accompanied the bride to Bouton Lai Haibin vacation. In fact, the Faraday's experiments and Wollaston's experiment is fundamentally different, not only the methods, techniques, instruments of different, even the theoretical explanations are not the same. This David is the most clear. Faraday first want to count his teacher could come out for him to be fair. Sir David, as a third party, an insider, but also the authority of the scientific community, as long as he be fair, the awful "case" will soon became clear that Faraday's "plagiarism" is actually one "framed." However, the Faraday and so is David to the silence, terrible silence, and sometimes it is more vicious than the vicious language. The reason finally found, is jealous, jealous of the terrible acts of this man made a villain. Over the years, Faraday limitless respect for David. It is a complex and rich in emotion, both gratitude to the benefactor, the beloved teacher, but also the cult of genius. However, when David learned that he was failure in the field of Faraday's success has been seriously hurt vanity. He saw the students than the teacher, more than a mere member of a small experiment imposing a great scientist, resulting in envy. Wollaston to the Royal College of laboratory testing of electromagnetic rotation, only Wollaston, Davy and Faraday three people present. From Faraday's attitude towards Wollaston see, spread gossip will not be Wollaston, and indeed everyone was talking about when he did not go back. It is only David had. He is the president of the Royal Society, but also jazz, socializing the most extensive addition to his Who knows Wollaston laboratory at the Royal College Test; in addition to his provocative there who do so much! Jealous of his eyes blindfolded, so that he could not see Faraday effect experiment with the fundamental difference between Wollaston, see Faraday has always honest, humble facts; he was concerned that students than the teacher's reputation.
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汉弗里戴维 - selfish side
Faraday To 1823, Faraday to the Royal College has a full 10 years later. He has grown into a mature scientist, in many ways has surpassed David. Now he needs is an independent scientific research; need him the respect of others. However, his teacher, the Royal Society, Sir David seems to see, do not want to see them. "In David seems that Faraday is an assistant who is a leader in compliance, in addition, in order to respect anything, it is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the Faraday demonstrated the talent of independent research, so that David obviously up_set_, improper produced envy. " This year's "philosophy Chronicle" magazine reported in April No. David March 6 paper presented at the Royal Society, of which there is a very striking words: "Dr. Wollaston made at the Royal Institute of laboratory experiments , Sir David personally seen; children simply because there is some equipment failure, the experiment failed; otherwise, Dr. Wollaston phenomenon will become the discoverer of electromagnetic rotation. " This first experiment does not Ti Fala experiment with the difference between Wollaston, Wollaston seemed to appreciate the achievements, but in fact in the fight against Faraday, it gives the clear impression that the Faraday "plagiarism" Wollaston. The impact of the magazine is very extensive, although May No log notices, admitted in April issue of the reports are not accurate, but can not restore the smoke blew away. Wave of rumors that kind of the end of 1821, managed to gradually subsided, and now rising up, really aggressive. Faraday's friends clearly see the "Faraday made many achievements in the European continent caused the scientific community's attention, was elected corresponding member of the French Academy, but at the Royal Academy, is still just an annual salary of 100 pounds of lab assistants, and also tender mercies: obviously Faraday discovered gas liquefaction method of the teachers have to write in his laurels; obviously Faraday discovered electromagnetic their turn, been accused of "plagiarism"; ... ... they are determined to be done for the Faraday justice, therefore, contacted the 29 members of the Royal Society, the joint proposal of the Royal Society Faraday when candidates take the lead in Walla Professor of Dayton signed his name. David was furious to hear that. In fact, he did not object when the Faraday Royal Society, Faraday talent he certainly is aware of. The 10 years of Faraday's achievements, David has always been proud of, he is Faraday's teacher, benefactor, Faraday should be all the glory is his glory. But , appears in David, now when the Royal Society Faraday election is still too early, Faraday also need to exercise for a while. He forgot his 24-year-old to be elected as members of the Royal Society, forget that he no formal higher education, and argue with others: that is too shallow Faraday qualifications, little education, dishonesty, ... ... is really outrageous! David went to the Royal Institute of Laboratory huff, command Faraday: "withdraw your candidate for the Royal Society Certificate! "Over the years, Faraday has restrained himself, told himself: patience, be patient! In Europe, David let him as footman, he refrained; David insinuation against his" plagiarism "Wollaston, he refrained ; After the success of David liquefied chlorine grab power, he refrained; ... ... but patience is limited. to hear David's such unreasonable demands, he can not endure any longer, stronger suppressed anger, said coldly : "Han Fuli Sir, I have neither nominate their own candidates as members of the Royal Society did not submit any certificates, I have what may withdraw it? "" Since you can not withdraw, Mr. Faraday, then I ask you to convey to those who nominated you as a candidate member of the Royal Society, asking them to withdraw the recommendation for you. "David and down the second order. Faraday side of the experiment, humming quietly said: "As far as I know, they do not do that." So, as president of the Royal Society, David, to get personally involved to undo the Faraday candidate. Yes, David can exercise President's power. But Faraday's achievements are not forgotten. obtain the consent of Wollaston, Faraday published a review of research on the problem of electromagnetic rotation of the entire history of the article, which, on the "plagiarism" on the mystery vanished. originally opposed the Royal Society Faraday Wollaston into friends, all changed his attitude. Daiwei Cheng a loner, not able to cancel the candidature of Faraday. He can only delay the approach taken, dragged on for six months, until 1824 on January 8 before the election. finally Faraday in only one case against elected. It goes without saying this against the teachers is the Faraday, the Royal Society, David cast out. Then David's jealousy has reached the extreme.
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汉弗里戴维 - jealousy consequences
汉弗里戴维 Scientific discovery, "Kidnapped," there are various types of jealousy is one of them. Faraday's jealousy of David, so that Faraday's talent is suffering. As mentioned earlier, Faraday began in 1816 published an article showing the independent study skills. However, David can not let him change his position, even so many members of the Royal Society Faraday recommended candidates for members, also met with President David opposition, ordered the withdrawal of the recommendation of the election delay time. Until the end of 1823, Faraday was a submissive lab assistants. This is certainly the way of his pioneering spirit of the play.
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汉弗里戴维 - the life of glory
Came to the Royal Academy in 1802, Professor Ren Huaxue. 1803 appointed laboratory director, Institute secretary, opened Bell speaker. 1805 due to the electrochemical, tanning, ore analysis by the Copley Medal. November 19, 1807, the British chemist 汉弗里戴维 the podium at the Royal Society announced: He successfully made out of metal potassium and sodium. Later, David is also extracted mercury, and made out of barium, magnesium, strontium and other metals and boron, silicon. He found a nitrous oxide anesthesia and Electro-Optical (1800), invented the miner's safety lamp used by the Rumford Prize. He was promoted to professor of 24 years. 1810 corresponding member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences. Knighthood by the British in 1812, after the 1818 upgrade, 1820, was elected President of the Royal Society, in 1826 and was elected honorary president of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
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汉弗里戴维 - great performance
Lavoisier had thought that all the acid contains oxygen. This view was very popular. Accordingly, the hydrochloric acid should contain oxygen, chlorine is not an element but the oxide. However, chemists have tried every means no hydrochloric acid or chlorine gas from the oxygen found in just taking in the alkali electrolysis. Alkaline earth metal experiments, David began to study the success of this problem. Through a series of carefully designed experiments, David confirmed that chlorine is an element, hydrochloric acid, not oxygen, hydrogen is an essential element of all the acids. After a period of testing, it is accepted David's point of view, said acid hydrogen acid to replace the wrong oxygen said. Since then, people have the nature of the acid proper understanding. Gas explosion David in the study of boric acid, saltpeter, diamond, found iodine, arc lamps and many other aspects of the invention made an outstanding achievement. In addition to these achievements, there are two things that future generations are often praised. David Faraday was a great scientist discovered. The help of the Davy Faraday Laboratory came to the Royal Society Popular Science, the work became a staple of poverty, David's assistant. Although David in his later years, but had to suppress jealousy Faraday's achievements over him, but must admit that David is on his training, after the completion of scientific MULTIPURPOSE Faraday created the necessary conditions. So David Faraday discovered and nurtured such an outstanding talent, which is in itself a major contribution to science.