1 rice leaf pattern of the content and the establishment of different areas, different types of species, leaf pattern is also different. Hence, under the various organs of rice leaf formation and stem with extended processes, synchronization rules, the establishment of the main cultivars in different parts of the leaf model is to be applied in the production of the first step. It reads as follows.
(1) find out the main stem of a variety of total number of leaves and elongated rooms. Rice growth duration, tiller, elongation and panicle initiation process depends on the total number of leaves and stem elongation of internode number. It is formulated on the premise of a variety of leaf patterns. China is now promoting the production of varieties of the main stem of the total number of leaves 9 to 20, elongation of internode number 3-7, but there are some changes between the two laws can be roughly grouped into two general type and special type .
Normal: mostly conventional rice, the main elongated stem between the number of total number of leaves is usually 1 / 3.
Special Type: also known as the International Rice Germplasm type, that is, the application of the production of indica hybrid rice combinations, due to sowing, planting conditions are different, the main stem change in the total number of leaves between 15 to 18, but the number of internode elongation is 5. The international rice bred parents, "Berjaya" (18 leaves), bg902 (18 leaves) and indica-japonica hybrids Miryang 23 (17 leaves), 77032 (main stem change in the total number of leaves can be 15 to 17 leaves), elongated rooms for 5, also fall into this category.
(2) effective tillers critical period to determine the leaf. Rational use of tillering in rice cultivation in the regulation of group development, coordination spike, grain structure, an important key technology, should be full use of effective tillers, tiller control is invalid, must accurately determine the effectiveness of tillers, tiller can be reasonable to use to play high-light increase the role of effective groups.
Determine whether the spike tiller, as mentioned earlier, depending on the jointing stage 4 leaves of tillers with tiller in order to become effective, with three leaves of the tiller, only some may spike. By n-3 leaves tiller with the extension of the law, the occurrence of effective tillers total number of leaves should be cut in the main stem between the number of leaf elongation period of the previous section (ie nn ago). The nn effective tiller leaf stage that is critical leaf stage. For example, 15 leaves, five elongated tillers among varieties of its effective critical leaf stage (15-5 = lo) is 10. In other words, with the tiller extension 10 Ye Tong was in the jointing stage with four leaves: 16 leaves 5 and so on between the elongated varieties, effective tillers critical period of 11 leaves, 18 leaves six elongated varieties between 12 leaves. This formula will be applied to large-scale production, as long as the master leaf process, we can accurately understand the population dynamics of effective tillers, so that accurate and reasonable, and timely and promote control, rational use of tillering. Production proven, high-yield group of actual and effective enough for seedling tiller leaf stage the critical match, transplanting conditions, mostly in nn little leaf stage before the critical leaf in the effective tillering stage and before the leaf age to achieve the desired effective tillers, it is easy enough to form ear, big ear, increasing the total spikelets, the most favorable access to high yield.
(4) spike differentiation process, and leaf age. Different latitudes, there are 9 different types of leaves of 25 varieties of panicle are fourth from bottom leaves begin to birth phase, when the heart leaves also contain three leaves, bud primordium, just instead of the fourth leaf primordia differentiation. Describes methods used to determine the remainder of leaf during panicle initiation to be reliable. 50% of the plants reach a certain period of leaf differentiation over time as the identification number of the indicators, the results clearly see the various types of inter-panicle varieties over the period of the leaf values are very consistent, according to the simplified Spike five periods, the relationship is:
① four-leaf bud differentiation stage down through the latter half of half of the leaf
② rachis branch differentiation stage down a three-leaf stage through a leaf
③ spikelet differentiation stage to the second leaf through flag leaf tip exposed leaf age 2 or so
④ meiosis of pollen mother cell formation and leaf fall, the 0.8 leaf stage through the late
⑤ pollen booting quite a substantial completion date plus two days out of leaves cycle
(5) the root node position on the three leaf stage occurs. According to the research, the top three position on the issue of hair root root section (also known as the upper root) generally parallel with Spike in the heading to maturity, their physiological age, quantity, weight and account for the physiological function of absolute advantage , is the post-production functions determine the root. Understand the root of the upper leaf age period occurred, and promote their growth and enhance its capabilities, to extend its life, is an important part of rice cultivation in one. Top three hair root ganglia and the relationship between leaf position very clear, for example, has five elongated between the species, three occurred in the fall leaves, 6, 7 Festival, six elongated between the species, the occurrence three leaves in the back section position on the 6,7,8. According to the leaves and rooting for the same stretch of n-3 relationship, the upper root elongation before the departure period should be a period or elongated leaf number between minus 1 (n-1) of the last leaf stage, For example, four elongated between the varieties out of the 3rd leaf stage, five elongated varieties fall between 4 leaf out period. Termination occurred in the upper root is also the rice root termination occurs, the four elongated spike to between species in the milky stage, five elongated varieties are booting to heading between the six varieties of internode elongation in the flag leaf to boot stage. Various types of species are in the elongation after 3 to 4 leaf stage.
(6) different types of species of leaf content summary diagram, you can come to different types of species of leaf patterns. In production, according to the kinds of species of leaf patterns, you can leaf as an indicator of the process, describing the state of organ development, and as a field diagnosis, develop cultivation and technical measures based on the program.
2 rice leaf pattern in the production, the production of the application on the application of leaf pattern theory and technology, should do the following.
(1) the establishment of leaf observation point, master leaf process. This is the application of the basic work leaf pattern. Should be based on species, Crops different observation points are located, from the seedling stage (3 leaf stage) to the heading, every 2 to 3 leaves, expanded leaves in the new rubber on the number of chapter markers with leaf age, leaf age in order to accurately understand dynamics, timely forecasts leaf, leaf patterns to guide farmers applied technology.
(2) According to the principle of leaf patterns, improve key technologies. Cultivation technology system with leaf patterns, comparative analysis of conditions for rice production in this region, cultivation techniques and ecological characteristics to identify factors that influence and limit high-yield, the key measures of improvement that can quickly achieve significant yield increase. Such as Guizhou Southeast Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, a small spike for vaccine shortage situation, promote the use of planting density empirical formula (suitable for planting density (x) = mu suitable spikes (y) / plant, panicle (es), a clear Shanyou 63 hybrid rice cultivation in the state, 500 to 600 kilograms per mu, planting density should be 6-9 million, the guarantee of effective tillers critical period before the effective tiller ear leaf of 16 to 18 million. large-scale application of the results, 163,117.45 acres, average yield 559.11 kg. against the state late tillering, panicle few cases, the application of hybrid rice leaf pattern obtained "Shanyou 63", more than 550 kilograms per mu, a more appropriate amount of nitrogen in (11.0 ~ 13.0 kg per acre ) before adequate facilities at the 9.1 leaf tillering, based on the importance leaf 14.5 15.1 (panicle initiation stage Ⅴ) panicle of the application, in the case of a lower amount of nitrogen in leaves and 15.1 leaves 13.2 (Spike Ⅱ period and the stage Ⅴ) panicle weight, is the key to high yields, so that the last fertilizer logistics technology to dare to enter. it should be around the probe, according to local conditions, identify the limiting factor, focusing on improvements in order to effectively improve the rice production levels.
(4) control leaf pattern field diagnostic techniques. Rice growth and development influenced by the natural environment. Therefore, in leaf mode applications, as it can be closely integrated with the season's rice production must be transplanted, respectively, the effective critical leaf tillering stage, jointing and heading for the field diagnosis, can then group the number of stems, leaves color, leaf relative to the standard, the growth of the seedlings into leaf model, Wang Long and Deficiency three were taken to promote stability control, control tiller stalk, tillers by ear protection measures in order to take appropriate measures to win high-yield.
(5) to leaf mode as the core, integrated application of advanced technology. Rice production is a multi-level open systems, engineering, bio-technological achievements can be for a number of advanced rice production development. However, the application of new technologies, must comply with the law of the fertility of rice, leaf pattern is that these new technologies and cultivation of biological basis of the theory, for example, fertilizer technology, different production levels to determine the total amount of fertilizer , you must press the leaf pattern and reasonable application of these fertilizers can be expected to yield results in the application of computer optimization techniques, and only by leaf pattern theory to determine the factor levels of design and analysis in order to obtain the optimal yield for rice program.
(6) Training of technical backbone of efforts to achieve political, technical, material combination, can promote the use of leaf patterns, so that improvements in cultivation techniques and supporting measures to implement into practice, improve the effectiveness and level of application. |
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