Chinese name: chinchillas English name: chinchillidae; chinchillas Alias: also known as the Inter-American chinchilla, also known as velvet mouse, rat hair, golden mice, commonly known as golden mouse. Since chinchillas looks and Japanese animation master Miyazaki, Jun's animated film "My Neighbor Totoro" Totoro Taro similar in character, so called after the Hong Kong and Taiwan chinchillas, chinchillas and thus become the main title in China . Generic: chinchillas are mammalia, rodents, porcupines sub-orders, chinchillas families, a total of 3 genera and 6 species of endemic species in South America. Name: silk hair because the body was named after. Distribution: native to the Andes of South America, spread to Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Chile and other countries of the mountain. Value: chinchillas fur bright and beautiful, rich dense, bright, smooth, Zhuangruo velvet silk, as if covered with a veil, seems Yong Rong Huagui, and warm the cold, is one of the world's best fur. According to their weight, the value of gold can be equivalent, it has "gold rat," said.
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Morphology
Most of a medium size, but big individual mouse ovo wire, 47 to 66 cm in length, the maximum weight of 8 kg male; good jump, short forelimbs, hind legs long and stout; long-tailed chinchillas tail length of 20 ~ 40 cm, overlying dense hair, particularly on the back of a very long hair, in order to grasp the direction of jump available. Animals are such a large head, large ears, big eyes, kiss wide, in addition to rat hind limb 3 Nagymaros toe wire, the limbs are with 4 toes. Chinchillas are the subject of a valuable fur animals, animal, hair thick, soft, beautiful, light. Can captivity around the world are raising 30 million to 50 million. Little body fat, males smaller than females. Blue-gray or gray-brown back hair, a black-tipped, yellow-white belly hair. By artificial incubation, appeared white, beige, jade, charcoal, black and other colors type.
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Habits
Wild chinchillas only produced in the South American Andes, caves dug in 3000 to 5,000 meters above sea bare rock slopes. Gregarious, showing the crowd of 50 100. Gentle temperament. Can occur several different sounds. More active at night, good jump, and sit in the hind legs on the hi, before holding the foot of food to eat. The main food for the hay, herb seeds, bark and roots. Conditions in captivity most like to eat pellets. Do not hibernate. Females nest each year 1 to 2 cubs students, each child 1 to 6, 5 to 8 months in young rats reach sexual maturity. Average life expectancy of 10 years.
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Captivity
(A) In recent years, China has imported more than 2,000 to only the types of rats, respectively, in the northeast, north, east, northwest culturing in 12 provinces and cities, and to be successful. Chinchillas is a herbivorous animal, feed a variety of sources, feeding equipment is simple, easy management, less labor input, low cost (each year the cost of feeding adult rats for 10 yuan), fast convergence, income and more greater development prospects. Chinchillas unusually long digestive tract, the cecum developed, so under the conditions in captivity, usually fed hay, grain and green feed, or feed, including herbs, vegetables, vegetables, mulberry, elm leaves and alfalfa, corn, etc. , cabbage and other vegetables should not be fed too much water. In addition to a variety of grains other than concentrated feed, but also fed wheat bran, cornmeal, soybean meal. Add a small amount of fine salt, yeast powder, bone meal and other minerals such as calcium, zinc, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, calcium dosage is generally 1%, 0.5% phosphorus, potassium iodide 0 .3 / million, copper sulfate 0.5 / million zinc sulfate 1 / million, ferrous sulfate, 1.5 / million, manganese sulfate 1 / million. It is generally mixed pellets. Pellet feed formula should be based around the production of feed and chinchillas at different growth stages and reproduction of the body's nutritional needs to develop. For example: 22% alfalfa, corn 10%, 18% soybean meal, wheat bran 17.5%, wheat 14%, barley 12%, bone meal 2%, salt 0.5%, yeast powder, 4%. Per adult per day fed about 25 grams, supplemented by hay and green feed, such as purple alfalfa, clover, wild barnyard grass, timothy grass, vegetables, plantain, dandelion, bitter herbs, water, celery, carrots, etc. conducive to growth and development, and juicy, palatability, and can stimulate appetite. Green fodder and concentrate feed of the match should be based on season, temperature and chinchillas fecal wet and dry circumstances. Amount to be imposed on pregnant females and more vitamin e and protein feeding. Females also on the amount of labor and multi-dimensional glucose by acid powder (add a spoonful of each meal), after birth, pups continue to nutritional supplement, can improve the survival rate of offspring. (B) raising chinchillas conditions and facilities Breeding chinchillas requirements more stringent environmental conditions, the current methods of popular use of the indoor cage. Main facilities are buildings, cages, and thermostat, humidity and lighting equipment. (A) of the premises Built on higher ground, sunny and dry non-downtown. Window to be smaller, not off the north-south windows, anti-air convection. Winter have heating equipment, plumbing or steam preferably warm, room temperature should be maintained year round between 10 ~ 20 ℃ in an ideal, low high is not conducive to chinchillas life. To 20 square meters suitable support 100 kinds of rats, squirrel cage can be stacked 3 to 5 layers, the front windows to be installed indoor green curtains, flooring requirements Gechao, every cold, every 10 square meters to install a 40-watt fluorescent lamp. (B) of the cage Requirements of the 16th wire cages, processed into 1.5 cm mesh, galvanized, welded wire. 1. Kind of cage The best kind of cage 5 1 Male 4 Female combined into a single cage group, each single cage a single cage 50 cm long, 35 wide and 40 cm, 35 cm high. After the cage in the bottom of a group to _set_ up a channel width of 10 cm, 15 cm high for access when mating with male mice. Each cage has a diameter of 7 to 8 cm hole and mating channel the same, so that male and female mating, the male rats free access to the home cage, no breeding can also be made of dual-channel cage, placed between the two cages a sand bath box. 2. Leather cage Paper can be slightly less than the species of squirrel cage, the cage can also be connected into a single combination of the cage. (C) ancillary equipment 1. Food containers The pellet box, loaded with fine materials, making use of galvanized iron sheet. 2. Hay box Loading of crude feed, available iron, barbed wire production. 3. Water bottles 150 ~ 200 ml vial is appropriate, together with the stopper can be made dropper. 4. Sand bath box Chinchillas every day for 1 to 2 times the sand bath. Sand bath on the growth of chinchillas plush, plush clean a certain role, it must be some equipment. On the side of the cage, cage can be placed. Sand bath using sand or sand can be a normal white sand, but must be sterilized before use treatment. First sieve to dust and large sand grains, take the middle of sand, soaked with water and dried after washing or drying out, then add 1% to 2% talcum powder and mix thoroughly for use. 5. Soft wood Soft wood or pumice cage release (end of river stone) for chinchillas bite teeth, soft wood should not be too large, the shape not limited to, but be careful not to oil or camphor wood with a pine odor. 6. Manure tray Special to do then manure use, depending on size with the cage. (D) environmental requirements Demanding environmental health, strengthening health and disease prevention is particularly important. First, to ensure air, water, sanitation should be fresh, and the second, can not contact or polyculture with other animals; Third, pay attention to anti-mouse against, to prevent rats from entering breeding room and feed room.
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Disease Control and Prevention
First, constipation (dry) According to feeding experience, strong immunity, chinchillas, rarely infectious diseases. Chinchillas common diseases are: Normal feeding and management, basically put an end to this disease. If it is found to reduce fecal chinchillas, fecal particles become small and hard, or showed a shrinkage-like, indicating that filament rodent have constipation. Constipation many factors, such as food is too concentrated, the lack of stimulation of intestinal peristalsis hay or water shortage, sudden changes in temperature, lack of exercise. (A) to prevent Fresh fruit and vegetables daily feed amount or plant stems and leaves, etc., can prevent the disease. (B) treatment Such as chinchillas constipation, can be the start of something fresh to feed on it. Bottle of eye drops available when filling a serious number of vegetable oil or honey. Meanwhile, the glass tube to the anus with a little vegetable oil filling, lubrication, some of the anus, to facilitate defecation, increased physical activity, favorable digestion. Second, inflatable disease The disease often pups after weaning or artificial feeding of the pups occurred. Chinchillas food illness is mainly due to improper development of offspring in the digestive system has not fully come to eat the excellent food. In addition, soldiers unclean food, irregular feeding, lack of maternal milk, and fed with fresh milk instead of milk may result in offspring and so the incidence of this disease. (A) symptoms Sick mice lack of energy, shrinking the cage or nest, the stomach expands. (B) control Third, the hair removal disease Hair removal hair removal can be divided into malnutrition and skin diseases caused by two types of hair removal. Dystrophic hair removal, in chinchillas of all ages can occur, causing stunted rats. By matching this _select_ion, strengthen management, increase the proportion of dietary protein, pay attention to minerals, including trace elements to supplement and supply high quality forage and to solve them. On the skin caused by hair removal, you can use parts of camphor oil application may be sick, short days Tu 1, generally 3 to 4 times after coating has improved gradually since the affected area grow new hair. Fourth, mite disease Parasites on the skin by the scabies mites cause skin disease known as scabies. (A) symptoms Huanchu skin irritation, particularly in the limbs, palm toes, ears and neck, etc.; coat off, the formation of yellow crusts, cut out itching, Huan Xu performance anxiety, often see their toes with claws scratching and friction cage and so on. (B) control 5% phoxim EC, dubbed ointment 0.1% (100 grams of yellow Vaseline plus 50% Phoxim EC 0.1 ml, transferred to the uniform) rubbed the affected area, or 2% chlorhexidine ointment in the affected area until recovered. Fifth, mastitis Sometimes the infection of pregnant rats were offspring of mastitis or nipple bite nipple caused by inflammation. Penicillin or streptomycin can be coated cable wound on the nipple, inflammatory camphor oil on the nipple and breast mining the treatment of inflammation. When the breast produce induration, the available hot wet heat, massage, carefully squeeze the milk of such method of treatment. VI, diarrhea (A) symptoms On food, feed, feeding offspring of mice prone to diarrhea. As pups eat feed contaminated with E. coli diarrhea, showing symptoms of failure accompanied by sepsis and death is higher. (B) control The main control measures of this disease is to strengthen management, to supply clean and rich in vitamins mice feed and clean fresh drinking water. Early spring and late autumn each year to strengthen the work of cold insulation, rodent homes have remained relatively stable temperature. The disease can be pepsin, amidine sulfonamide treatment, and better; with chloramphenicol treatment of the disease also has a good effect.
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History
Chinchillas originated in the Andes of South America, spread to Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Chile and other countries of the mountain. Favorite local Indian people hunted for food and warm clothing. On the ground, chinchillas skin is a symbol of power and elegance, only chiefs and other rulers enjoy. The early eighteenth century, the Spanish conquest of South America, found that such a beautiful coat, then a lot of killing, as a royal tribute, to become Europe's most popular gift. Since most chinchillas finer wool, soft, light, and thus become a world-renowned super-fur. Nineteenth-century Europe, chinchillas fur has become a very noble became popular as a symbol of wealth and success. Until now, remains the same. However, as the result of human hunting a lot, chinchillas endangered, fewer and fewer of their fur, causing prices to rise strongly. The nineteenth century, chinchillas almost extinct in South America position. 1923, Chapman Mining, Metallurgical and engineers recruited to South America, the first insight into the animal and saw their extinction, it is a high rewards, after four years, eleven were captured alive and healthy mice, Repatriation of keeping the United States. Which began a North American breeding chinchillas. The beginning of 1950, North America and Europe kept blowing an frenzy, chinchillas each species sold at one thousand dollars to five thousand dollars or even quality, because feeding is easy, just eating beans Valley, but also clean and free smell, fur high price, the market has always been in short supply. Chinchillas were beautiful hair is blue (dark) gray hair shaft showing a gradient from deep to shallow ribbon, white belly. Adult chinchillas weighing about 700 grams, annual litter 2 ╠ 3 fetus, each fetus 1 ╠ 4 only, 111 days of pregnancy, lactation 40 ╠ 50 days, the maturity of about seven months. Chinchillas are animals, fur all the world's most finely, compact animals, called the world. This is because the skin on the chinchillas are every pore of 60 to 80 students have the same length of hair, almost invisible hairs. Extent by the dense hair, makes any parasites are unable to survive. It is extremely soft and light. At the same time each root hair from the roots to the hair a little, but also in three colors, beautiful and unusual, is the man that can not be dyed. From the twenties of the twentieth century, the United States and Canada and other countries began to chinchillas in captivity, has been a considerable number of farms and number of groups of rats. As the result of breeding technology, making captive chinchillas, in every respect than the wild kind. Wild chinchillas are now extinct. Chinchillas history of less than eight years in captivity. Compared with other aquaculture industries, and its characteristics make it impossible to raise the degree of automation, due to high labor costs in Western countries, leading to high costs. Currently in captivity in North America, followed by Europe and South America, Japan and Australia also have a small amount of feeding. Chinchillas breeding requires a lot of manpower, each of hundreds of skilled workers can only care about, so little has been produced. World market demand, the price has been stable for many years. It is worth noting that because chinchillas expensive leather, fur coat made of each cost as much as 30,000 to 100,000 U.S. dollars, and because the number of rare, only popular in North America and Europe, Asian countries have seen very few. The rise of Asian economies in recent years, a general increase in consumption, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and China in particular, the market chinchillas surge in demand for leather products, leather chinchillas caused further price increases, 1994 to one hundred ninety-nine nine years has risen by nearly thirty-seven percent, or an average price per chinchillas skin sixty-two U.S. dollars rose by a eighty-five U.S. dollars. Chinchillas is not only an economic animal, in the United States and Europe is also a pet. On the international market, the overall situation, chinchillas skin prices have been steadily, even if other fur prices fell and at the end of the valley situation, chinchillas Paper prices remain strong. With China's economic development, the domestic high-grade fur market is beginning to show its great potential, more optimistic about the industry.
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Endangered Species!
That it is native to South America's Andean region the size of the chipmunk rabbit animals, they have a pore 60 to 80 hairs is not easy for parasites to survive, to fur soft and beautiful and famous, is because it was killing the human endangered. This is only two extant species, both of which are critically endangered species.