antiaris toxicaria (pers.) lesch.
[Status]
Sankoh (moraceae), rare species. Common name Antiaris, is composed of the tropical seasonal rain forest in China one of the major species, with the continued destruction of forests, plants gradually reduced. 3 protected plants.
[Origin]
Ancient Indians place to live grows a very toxic plant, called curare wood, local people often cut the tree trunk part of a scar, so that resin flow, the locals will be coated with this resin in the arrow up killing prey. Later, British colonists invaded this place, the Indians will use this bow and arrow painted resin to resist the British invaders, the British army was immediately after this bow and arrow in the poisoning death, since no one to invade them. Therefore, this tree is also known as Antiaris tree.
In two centuries ago, Java has a chief of a tree coated with milk needle, puncture the "prisoners" in the chest for experiments, and pretty soon, "prisoners" suffocation, since the tree is known around the world. China to give this tree the name "Antiaris" to describe its toxicity violent. This tree with white milk, a highly toxic sap, cardiac arrest can make a person blind. Its toxicity is much more than a highly toxic and bitter almond, etc. Croton, therefore, been considered the world's most poisonous trees.
According to legend, in Xishuangbanna, first discovered curare wood is a highly poisonous sap Dai hunter. The Dai in a hunter when hunting was a bear climb a tree tight and forced, but also followed a bear climb a tree. Hunter broke a twig stabbing the bear's mouth. Miracle, bear immediately dead. Since then, Xishuangbanna Dai hunter before the hunt, often the curare arrow painted wood sap, made of poison dart to fight against the beast, who was hunting wild animals in the incident, only took five steps on will be dead. Whenever people mentioned curare wood, is often "on the mere mention of the tree," called it "the tree of death."
Poison wood is Sankoh, the local call plus minority alone, arrows cloth. Oval-shaped leaves, long tens of centimeters in the spring and summer yellow flowers open, female and male same strain, pear-shaped fruit, meat for the purple, occasionally emitting a fragrance of jackfruit. bark fiber is good, well-handled, can be woven into linen. It is made of local ethnic minority women with a variety of barrel skirt.
But the trees with white latex fur pornography glycosides. Once into the body, can cause muscle relaxation, blood clotting, heart beat slow down, finally leading to death, so there is a terrible nickname "Antiaris."
In addition to the growth of some parts of Africa, mainly distributed in Southeast Asia and also China's Xishuangbanna and other places
Curare wood is a Moraceae plant. Dai called "Ge Gong", scientific name antiaris tocicaria, is a deciduous tree, tall, thick trunks, the bark is very thick, both flowering will result; fruit is fleshy, purple when ripe.
Curare wooden rod, sticks, leaves and so highly poisonous white pulp. In this toxic slurry (especially on blends of several poison) applied to the arrow, the arrow, once shot the beast, the beast will soon be dead due to blood coagulation. If you accidentally splash into the eyes of this solution can make the eyes suddenly blind, and even the trees in the combustion gas into the eyes can cause blindness.
Antiaris although highly toxic, but its bark thick, fibrous, and soft and flexible fiber is made of the finest mattress materials. People of all nationalities in Xishuangbanna felled it immersed in water, remove the venom, the hammer stripped of its bark pine, dried, used to make bed mattresses, comfortable and durable, sleep a few years there still has good flexibility.
[The detoxification method]
A red-back wooden winter (winter and up the wooden word) leaves to root disturbance, plus all Taomi Shui shaking, filtered drinking.
2 first big-leaf chewing lobelia (chicken phoenix) and swallow juice, then chew gold earrings (also known as Asarum), and swallow the juice, and finally to eat fresh or cooked white sweet potato.
[Distribution]
Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, maximum altitude (m) 1000 meters.
[Morphology]
[Features]
Distribution in the tropical monsoon forest, rain forest area, rich in calories, long summer and no winter, cold winter, a weak effect, more than the annual average temperature is 21-24 ℃, the coldest month average temperature above 17 ℃ in 13 one, extreme minimum temperature of 0 - 5 ℃ or more, a large cold southward to the southwest of western Guangdong Guangxi year may be short-term low temperature below 0 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1200 - 2000 (A 2700) mm in the wet season is not clear or distinct, air humidity; The annual average relative humidity above 80%. In granite, shale, sandstone and other acidic bedrock and Quaternary clay, brick-red or red soil red soil, ph value of 4.5 - 5; in limestone formations on the calcareous soil, ph value 6.8-7.7. Antiaris seasonal rain forest may be composed of the upper giant trees, often tall and straight above the main canopy. In the southern Yunnan to southwestern main associated species are dragon fruit pouteria grandifolia (wall.) baehni, olives canarium album (lour.) raeusch. , Mountain Yung ficusaltissima bl. Etc.; in Guangdong and Guangxi, south-west coast of the eastern plateau, with red scales Syzygium syzygium hanceimerr. et perry, banyan ficus microcarpa lf, Huang Tong endospermum chinense benth. Etc.; limestone in southwestern Guangxi, Shell Rock Hill has wood burretiodendron hsienmu chun et how, narrow-leaf wings subtree pterospermum lanceaefolium roxb. , Big-leaf mountain neem aphanamixis granaifolia bl. And so on. Developed root system, strong wind, the storm frequent coastal tableland; isolated trees are not susceptible to wind down, but growth is often shorter. 2-3 months flowering, fruit ripening 6 --- July.
[Conservation value]
Antiaris is the case of four kinds of distribution to the country's only 1 species, the number of rare species; its sap is highly toxic, toxic ingredients for the flesh Antiaris glycosides α-and β-Antiaris glycosides, has a strong heart, accelerated heart rate, increase the role of hard work output, the value of a study in medicine; bark fiber slender, powerful, easy unglued, substitutes for hemp, fiber material is easy to behave towards the system.
[Protection]
In Yunnan, Antiaris people in most parts of the distribution of nature reserves, protected areas outside, local people have the habit of protection, often without any cut. Guangdong, Guangxi, the origin of protected areas are not built strong protection should be strengthened to expand the plant.
[Cultivation]
Antiaris high germination rate, ability to update, easy to breed. However, short seed longevity, seed collection, it should be broadcast with on-demand, give the appropriate shade seedlings can survive.
Poisonous tree has important medicinal value and use
"Antiaris" In addition to toxic effects, the useless do it? Of course not, experts tell us that it's toxins can not only do unique drug, and its bark fiber can make a beautiful dress too!
First it's medicinal value, medical experts in the milk leaves the active ingredients extracted toxin mechanism of action mainly in the treatment of hypertension, heart disease and so on. In the Dai women, they are also using this venom to treat mastitis, the present greater medicinal value is still under study.
In addition to medicine, "poisonous tree" of the bark of another magical effect. According to curator Zhu Hongxiang tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna introduced in Yunnan, the Dai and the Jino people can use it to do tree blankets, mattresses and clothes. They first beat repeatedly with a wooden bark, making the bark and wood fibers apart, and then bark fiber soaked in a month or so, this is intended to remove toxic, and this slender fiber becomes soft and elastic.
"With it's tree blanket, mattress pad comfort and durability, to sleep no problem for decades, with it's clothes and skirts, both soft and warm." Zhu Guanchang tone revealed proud look. In the Botanical Gardens, the reporter also saw the production of this fiber clothes. The suit was a whole --- the true nature of white fiber. Liu said, in Yunnan, it is dyed into the clothes of various colors, very beautiful. But now very few people wear such clothes, only a grand festival in Jino, the Jino people will wear it. |
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