An organic compound. Formula for the c 10h 16o. Colorless crystals, with special aroma. Natural products from the camphor tree leaves and trunk was obtained by distillation, the right-hand body. Synthesis may also be obtained from turpentine, no optical activity. Can be used as insect repellents, plasticizers.
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zhāng nǎo
樟脑 zhāng nǎo
A kind of camphor tree branches and leaves from the extracted material, colorless and transparent, cool fragrance for the anti-moth; also used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry
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No. 3
Also known as brain wave. Camphor leaves distil with colorless solid. Bitter taste, the smell of a cool and easy evaporation. For system celluloid, explosives, and spices. Medicine can do cardiac and preservatives. See Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica of the one of camphor."
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No. 4
Camphor (camphor) camphene chemical called ketones -, formula c10h16o, the molecular structure of three-dimensional structure. Camphor wood chips from the essential oils obtained by steam distillation, the Department of white crystals. According to raw materials and processing methods, there are two natural camphor and camphor. Profile Ming Li book "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "camphor out Shaozhou, Zhangzhou, the shape of borneol, white as snow, camphor grease also." Ming Zheng Chenggong recover Taiwan, the camphor industry began to spread in Taiwan. Marketing abroad since 1863, camphor, camphor which Taiwan is known world. With the rapid development of celluloid industry, natural camphor in short supply. First, the early 20th century to the German pinene turpentine camphor as raw materials for industrial synthesis. China since the mid 20th century, 50 the production of synthetic camphor. The world's annual consumption of about 1 million tons of camphor. International trade each year about 0.7 to 0.8 million tons. China's annual export volume accounts for about half of total world trade. Granular nature of camphor crystallization lanes, needle or flake; colorless or white; a viscous, can be pressed into translucent or block group. Add a small amount of ethanol, chloroform or ether easily crush into a fine powder. Easy to sublimation, a special aroma, pungent. Early taste Sim, after the cool. Can occur when the light burning flame and a thick black smoke. Soluble in many organic solvents, such as carbon disulfide, benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone and so on. Easily soluble in chloroform, ethyl ether and ethanol. Slightly soluble in water 〔1:598 (14 ~ 17 ℃)〕. Natural camphor mostly dextral body. Rare levo and racemic, synthetic camphor is generally the racemate. Production of natural and synthetic camphor camphor production methods, such as the following. China's natural camphor tree species appropriate to extract the natural camphor are: ① camphor. Also known as camphor, is refined camphor, camphor oil the most important species. To contain camphor oil components can be divided into three types: the camphor (including camphor-based), camphor (including linalool-based) and camphor oil (containing cineole and terpineol-based). ② monkey Zhang (cinnamomum bodinieri). ③ Yunnan camphor (c.glanduliferum). Refined by the crude camphor camphor. Usually in the winter of crude camphor processing more than 50 year old camphor tree trunks and roots as raw material, shaved thin impermeable after the distillation of wood steamer, camphor and camphor oil with steam distillation, condensation of crude camphor crystals from the white, oily liquid was camphor oil. 2.0 ~ 2.5% overall yield. Refining of crude camphor sublimation method and continuous with hair fractionation sublimation of two ways. China to hair sublimation based. After the first crude camphor oil and centrifuge to remove water, into the melting pot distillation, sublimation, camphor vapor blown into the air with the top pot with the introduction of sublimation chamber 1 to control the cooling temperature was powdered crystalline products. Then enter the first 2, 3 fractions of sublimation chamber, due to control the temperature lower than the boiling point of water and oil of camphor accompanied by a small amount of camphor vapor condensation in the crystallization of the crude camphor (8% above the oil water), to be re-sublimation refining . China's refined natural camphor powder and a massive two. Quality in line with national pharmacopoeia specifications: melting point 174 ~ 179 ℃, Specific Rotation [a] She +41 ° ~ +43 ° (20% in ethanol), not volatile matter 0.05%, found 1 gram of water 10 ml of petroleum ether to clarify dissolved. Camphor oil is mainly composed by a variety of terpenoids. General continuous vacuum distillation tower with multiple, combining frozen, prepared by sublimation technology and a variety of refined camphor essential oils (such as cineole, linalool, terpineol coffin, safrole), and by-products (such as white camphor oil , red camphor oil, blue camphor oil.) Use camphor for the manufacture of celluloid and photographic film; the manufacture of smokeless powder used as a stabilizer; medicine for the preparation of central nervous system stimulants (such as Shi Dishui, Dan), and compound tincture of camphor and so on. To pest control, preservation, deodorant, a sweet flavor, is the clothing, books, specimens, file protection treasures. Natural camphor high purity, specific rotation degree, in medicine and other aspects of special purpose hard to completely replace the use of synthetic camphor. Physical constants GB No. 41536 cas number 76-22-2 Chinese name of the 2 - camphene ketone English name of camphor; 2-camphanone Other names Shao brain, brain wave, brain, oil and the brain, brain tree Formula c10h16o MW 152.23 Melting point: 180 ℃ Boiling point: 204 ℃ Density, relative density (water = 1) 0.99; the relative density (Air = 1) 5.24 Stability stable Risk marker 8 (flammable solids) Colorless to white translucent block or powder, camphor odor Vapor pressure 0.05kpa/24 ℃ Flash point: 65.6 ℃ Solubility of slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, the majority of oil and other organic solvents The main purpose for the manufacture of celluloid, chemical paint, photographic film, explosives, perfume, insecticide, medicine, etc. Health Hazard Pathways: inhaled, ingested, percutaneous absorption. Health Hazard: Steam can cause severe acute camphor poisoning, loss of consciousness, trismus, or even death. Orally cause dizziness, mental confusion, delirium, convulsions, coma, and finally respiratory failure and death. Toxicology information and environmental behavior Acute toxicity: ld501213mg/kg (mice by mouth); 70mg/kg (rat skin) Mutagenicity: Cytogenetic analysis: the wine yeast 2mmol / tube. Hazardous characteristics: case of fire, heat or contact with oxidants, cause a fire explosion. A lot of smoke when burned. Volatile at room temperature with steam, high temperature quickly evaporates. Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water. 【Source】 Zhang Lauraceae species as camphor cinnamomum camphora (l.) presl., The roots, branches, leaves and waste materials by the distillation of granular crystals. In addition to oil-less during the spring equinox to the beginning of summer, the rest of the time can be collected leaves, camphor oil extracted by distillation. Containing camphor oil up to the root, stem, followed by leaves more times. 】 【Tropism of taste acrid, warm. 【Indication】 Tongqiao provision of foul, the temperature in pain, dampness insecticide. For alpine vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain, stomach; topical treatment scabies, ringworm, dental caries ached. Dosage 1 to 5 minutes, and more into pellets or liquor agents; external use. Extract】 【"National Chinese herbal medicine" Camphor and naphthalene balls In the summer, many people camphor or moth balls (camphor ball) into the clo_set_ to prevent decay on the insects. In fact, camphor and naphthalene balls are different in nature. If we misuse them, the opposite effect may occur. So here, I want to talk about camphor and naphthalene balls. Camphor is a ketone, formula c10h16o. It is crystal obtained from camphor wood. It is a special flavor out by the sublimation of the crystal can be used in medicine and prevention of insects, decay and so on. Because it is non-toxic to the human body and clothes, and no bad effects, so the use of camphor is safe. Moth balls are made of the naphthalene, naphthalene was extracted from a crude oil or coal tar polycyclic aromatic compounds. It opens out the "bad" gas is toxic, especially harm the liver. It also has silk and nylon chemical reactions, so these will be some holes on the clothes. When we use moth balls, use 1 - 2 ball enough, remember to use cloth with the moth balls, moth balls and clothing to avoid direct contact. Therefore, the use of camphor is safer than the use of foul balls. But the price, the camphor is more expensive than the foul balls. How to remove the clothing on camphor? Clever addition to the camphor clothes fall comes, put a thick summer clothes to wear what should come up, but it makes the clothes smell good headache may it! So this strange smell from the clo_set_ we usually put in mothballs for it! After a summer of time, the temperature slowly camphor distributed to every corner of the clo_set_, so we have a chance to dress, do not have deep temperatures it? If we then let's use the iron to iron, then the camphor can be left firmly in the clothes, but very hard to wash yo! Method of removing camphor taste debut! Start with something out the refrigerator, the refrigerator deodorant. The clothes folded, brought a large plastic bag, put deodorant into a plastic bag, tied the bag , in order to allow the bag sealed we can find a clip, clamp the mouth of the bag. Then one day into the cool, dry place, after a day in the activated carbon deodorant sorption materials, which are the clothes will absorb the smell. One day later open the bag, smell, odor on clothes that are not! This method is really good!
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No. 5
Camphor ("Essentials Collection") 【Name】 Shao different brain ("magic of Party"), tidal brain ("Essentials Collection"), brain ("this by every original"), oil brain, brain tree ("medicine compilation"). 【Source】 Lauraceae Zhang for the root, stem, branch, leaf, made of refined granular crystals. Details of plant morphology, "camphor" section. 【Method】 generally 9 to 12 months in felling trees, whichever is the roots, trunk, branches, hack saw debris (leaves can also be used), _set_ in the distillation distillation, contains camphor and camphor essential oil with steam distillation, cooling, that is, too crude camphor. And then by distillation of crude refined camphor, which was refined camphor powder. Into the model in this press camphor powder, camphor is as transparent blocks. Porcelain should be closed, put a dry place. This product is more than 50 years old tree growth, yield the most abundant; young branches and leaves, with little brain, and low output. 】 【Medicine as pure white crystalline powder or colorless transparent lumps. Slightly yellow crude products, there is light. Easy to evaporate at room temperature in the ignition light emits more smoke and flame, gas, strong pungent aromatic, spicy flavor first, then cool. The white, pure, transparent, dry no impurities were better. Main Taiwan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan. In addition, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Yunnan, Hunan and other places are also produced. Taiwan, the largest output, quality is also good, called "Taiwan ice." 【】 ① local effect of pharmacological effects Camphor applied to the skin with mild irritation and corrosion. Rubbed with the role of hard red hair; light coating is similar to mint. A cool feeling, this clever as receptors to stimulate the role of cold sensation. It also has mild local anesthetic. For the gastrointestinal mucosa, camphor irritate the stomach feel warm and comfortable, a lot of you can produce nausea and vomiting. Camphor liniment clinical analgesic, anti-itching effect. Oral administration of a flooding wind and mild expectorant effect. ② the role of the central nervous system Systemic effect of camphor is excited mainly central nervous system, is particularly significant for the senior center, a large role in the motor cortex and brain stem, causing epileptic seizures. Normal dose of camphor had no obvious effect on respiration, in extreme cases, suppression can see some of the excitement of breathing, mainly due to stimulation of receptors caused by subcutaneous injection when the reflected sexual excitement. ③ the role of the circulatory system ④ body process Camphor by the mucous membrane, skin, muscles are easily absorbed. Oral absorption is rapid. Quite rapidly in the liver detoxification, oxidation of camphor in alcohol, then with glucuronide and excreted in the urine. 【Toxicity】 wrongly camphor preparations can cause poisoning. 0.5 to 1.0 g orally can cause dizziness, headache, warm feeling, even excitement, delirium and so on. More than 2.0 grams of sedation in a temporary state, that the excitement caused by the human brain cortex, leading to epileptic seizures, the last may be due to respiratory failure and death. 7 to 15 grams of oral or intramuscular 4 grams, can be fatal. The treatment of poisoning is generally symptomatic treatment, because of its rapid detoxification in the body, Guchang be saved. 】 【Taste acrid, hot. ① "Essentials Collection": "bitter, acrid, warm, a small drug." ② "outline": "acrid, hot, non-toxic." Meridian】 【① "Materia Medica another new": "into the heart, spleen and two classics." ② "Materia Medica summary": "into the Foot Jue Yin Meridian." 【Indications】 Tongqiao function, insecticide, analgesic, the provision of foul. Confidant of pain treatment, athlete's foot, sore scabies, toothache, bruises. ① "Pu Ji Fang": "cream treatment for various malignant sore and beat flutter injury, rheumatism, beriberi and other diseases." ② "Essentials Collection": "the main insecticide, in addition to scabies, sore treatment Tang fire, the enemy bad smell." ③ "outline": "clearance orifices, Lee stagnation gas, cure evil, cholera, heart pain, cold athlete's foot, scabies, wind Shatter, dental caries, insecticide, the shoes to athlete's foot." Usage and Dosage】 Oral: into the powder, 2 to 5 per cent; or alcohol melt. External: Caesar or transfer deposited into powder. Taboo】 【deficiency who Jifu. "Materia Medica find the original": "avoid the fire." 【】 ① governing election fever offensive side abdominal pain: i camphor one point, half of the net myrrh, frankincense third out. Research uniform, tea transfer service Sanli. ("Materia Medica of justice"), ii 10 grams of refined camphor, wine 50 ml brandy or sorghum. Baptist day, dissolved, 1 ml each time. ("Modern Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine") ② treatment athlete's foot swelling: camphor twenty-two, Aconitum two or three. The end of the paste of vinegar pills, large marbles. A pill for every home in the way of the sole tread, bake the next to Wei Huo, clothing around cover, sweating, such as saliva is effective. ("Medical forest _set_ to") ③ treatment of scabies pus by: camphor eight money, a money-fifth of sulfur, Chuanjiao a money (speculation), dried alum - money. Total Yan Mo, real sesame oil and mix thoroughly, not too thin, coarse linen spread on the new, wrapped, wire fastened to the first acupuncture scabies pus, with the kits charcoal reheat on the affected area by the Japanese at the number of times, as soon as the pus can not be re-driven, medication package by heat rub. ("I do not know doctors need to" camphor powder) ④ sores of infant bald: Shao brain after money, money, two pepper, Zhi Ma two liang. For the end of the paint after washing. ("Simple unilateral") ⑤ mouthful of adults and children erosion rule: three money camphor, pepper the second money. Total Yan Mo, home copper pots, the use of Wangai good, and salt mud deposited around the bowl is good, _set_ the fire for several minutes on the drug rose bowl, scraping, blowing mouth. ("Guizhou Chinese prescription") ⑥ rule much of the foot rot, borers for itchy skin, rotten pain, itching increasingly large and difficult to converge: camphor, cork (end) of each decile. Then take a pinch of ground rice beans, and even painted the affected area, Bouza tight with seven days for the itching and tolerance of the affected area, then a few days more. ("Traditional Chinese Medicine" 25:10,1927) ⑦ rule Ecthyma: camphor five or six of money, pig fat, light blue. Were smashed, thick deposited on the boil, oil-paper wrapped, the old cotton truss, one day a change, not visible to the wind. ("Wide _set_ of experiences," camphor cream) ⑧ governance Li sores fester, led to the front two axillary, block of mustard seeds, or that led to the two eyebrows, and four or five years can not cure: The camphor three money, realgar three money. To the end. Under the first section with Nepeta root, cut into pieces, Jian Fei Tang, temperature washing for a long time, look bad break at the Zihei to pin a striking blood, wash three or four times, and then use camphor, realgar at the end, sesame oil transfer, brush , water, wash the next day sweep, the more for the degree. Profile Ji Jiu color. ("Cave Austria aims to" camphor Dan) ⑨ governance soup fire sores, and pain: study of camphor together sesame oil dressing, such as sore wet, dry mixed with the pain, the burning would not join in too. ("Essentials Collection") ⑩ treatment of frostbite: third wave of the brain of money, a couple of fat pigs. First refining pig fat is good, to the residue, and then dumped into the smelting pot of lard good of the next wave of the brain, slightly more than ten minutes to hack fiery, cold as a paste, use bottled well, seal reserve, deposited three to five times Jiyu. ("Health News" October 26, 1958) ⑾ Toothache: Shao brain after money, cinnabar a penny. For the end of the paint with a little pain at each. ("Magic of Party") ⑿ worm tooth pain treatment: camphor, Huang Dan, soap (peeled, nuclear) decile. Research absorbed, pill, plug the hole. ("Yu Jushi election odd side")
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000
樟脑 中国药典2000版
Camphor Camphor Pinyin: Zhangnao English Name: Camphor Page number: 2000 edition two-1008C10H16O152.24 This product is 1,7,7 - trimethyl bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane -2-- ketone, the Department of extracts from the Lauraceae (natural camphor) Or obtained by chemical synthesis (synthetic camphor). 【Properties】 This product is white crystalline powder or colorless, translucent lumps, add a small amount of ethanol, chloroform or B Ether, easy to crush into a fine powder; irritant special smell and taste the beginning of Sim, after the cool; volatile at room temperature in the combustion occurs when the black Smoke and bright flames. This product is highly soluble in chloroform, in alcohol, ether, fatty oil or volatile oil soluble, very slightly soluble in water. Melting point of this product, _set_ diameter 2.0 ~ 2.5mm and thin-walled glass tube sealed at one end of melting, determined by law (appendix Ⅵ C). The melting point of natural camphor 176 ~ 181 ℃, the melting point of synthetic camphor 174 ~ 179 ℃. Than the rotation of this product, accurately weighed, dissolved in ethanol and diluted quantitatively into 1ml of each solution containing about 0.1g , Determined according to the law (Appendix Ⅵ E), natural camphor than curl +41 ° to +44 °; synthetic camphor than curl -1.5 ° to 1.5 °. Identification (1) to take this product, add ethanol made from 2.5mg per 1ml of solution containing, according to spectrophotometric method (with Ⅳ A), in 230 ~ 350nm wavelength range measured absorption, only in the maximum absorption at 289nm, the absorption About 0.53. (2) the product of the IR absorption spectrum should be in control of the map (_set_ of 535 spectral graph) consistent. Check】 【Nonvolatile take this product 2.0g, at 100 ℃ for the camphor all volatile and dried to constant weight, No residue left over 1mg. Water to take this product 1.0g, plus petroleum ether 10ml, should be clarified to dissolve. 【Category】 skin irritation drug. 【Storage】 sealed.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 Edition
Name: Camphor Pinyin: Zhangnao English name: Camphor Characters: This product is white crystalline powder or colorless translucent lumps, add a small amount of ethanol, chloroform or ether, easy to crush into a fine powder; irritant special smell and taste the beginning of Sim, after the cool; at room temperature in easy to evaporation, combustion occurs when the black smoke and bright flames. This product is highly soluble in chloroform, in alcohol, ether, fatty oil or volatile oil soluble, very slightly soluble in water. Melting point of this product, _set_ diameter 2.0-2.5mm and thin-walled glass tube sealed at one end of melting, determined by law (Appendix Ⅵ C). The melting point of natural camphor 176-181 ℃, the melting point of synthetic camphor 174-179 ℃. Than the rotation of this product, accurately weighed, dissolved in ethanol and diluted into quantitative contains about 0.1g per 1ml of solution, determined by law (Appendix Ⅵ E), natural camphor than rotation of +41 to +44 ° ; synthetic camphor than curl -1.5 ° to +1.5 °. Identification: (1) to take this product, add ethanol made from 2.5mg per 1ml of solution containing, according to ultraviolet - visible spectrophotometry (Appendix Ⅳ A), in the 230-350nm wavelength range measured absorbance, only 289nm. Of maximum absorption, the absorbance of about 0.53. (2) the product of the IR absorption spectrum should be in control of the map (_set_ of 535 spectral graph) consistent. Check: Nonvolatile take this product 2.0g, at 100 ℃ for the volatile and camphor all dried to constant weight, no residue left over 1mg. Water to take this product 1.0g, plus petroleum ether 10ml, should be clarified to dissolve. Storage: Sealed. Chinese and Western medicine Category: Western (including chemical, biological and chemical drugs, antibiotics, radioactive pharmaceuticals, medical materials)) Chemical composition: This product 1,7.7 - trimethyl bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane -2-- ketone, the Department of extracts from the Lauraceae (natural camphor) or obtained by chemical synthesis (synthetic camphor). ACTION: Skin irritation drug
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Wikipedia Daquan
zhangnao Camphor camphor An organic compound, formula C10Hl6O. Colorless solid, likely to be volatile and aromatic smell. Obtained by the distillation of camphor camphor, or synthetic. Oral camphor, used to relieve flatulence. Camphor syrup can be used as expectorant, topical analgesic effect may have. Long-term use can be addictive.
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English Expression
n.: camphor, camphore, strong-smelling white substance used in medicine and mothballs and in making plastics
