Cape populated one million, the wind changed things quite worthy sigh. If sheep and hog heap Lam Wu Qing, Ding cloves Zibai eggplant dishes. Yang dates thin solid acid sodium child, mountain tea without leaves Kapok. General smell making life difficult science, Japanese eat when drinking, betel nut.
Monocotyledons, palms. Evergreen tree. Stem unbranched, base slightly swollen. Leaf feather. Flowers and fruits are aromatic. Guangdong, Yunnan and Taiwan are cultivated. Tropical medicinal plants. Fruit commonly known as "Da Fupi" seed called "nut", to killing, to help digestion.
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bīng láng
An evergreen tree (Areca cathecu), trunk high, pinnate. Fruit to eat, but also for medicinal, can help digestion, but also get rid of tapeworms role. Growth in tropical areas
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No. 4
The fruit of this plant
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No. 5
Wooden name. Palm evergreen tree, native to tropical. Pinnate. Jin Ji with "nut-like vegetation of the South": "areca palm, high Shiyu Zhang, skin like Qingtong, festival, such as bamboo ... ... real big as peaches and plums." Qing Wu Albert "Dianchi Rao blowing," one poem: "Who sings Hai Dian Qu Pacific, betel nut flower hair red last year. "
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No. 6
That areca fruit. For medicine, there is digestion, deworming and other effects. "Appreciative of Liu Chuan-Mu": "﹝ ﹞ Mu of BI seek fresh betel nut. Opera of Jiang brother said: 'betel nut digestion, were stranded often hungry, He suddenly have this?'" Mingxie Zhao Zhejiang "Five Miscellaneous ZU Part of a person ":" Awareness is not noisy chest-resistant, are based on the end nut to take Eastern lead by pomegranate root, decoction in the transfer service. violence, such as dumping under, get the number of fighting insect. "" Dream of Red Mansions, "the sixth four-Back : "My sister has a food reward betel nut."
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No. 7
Scientific name: betel nut (areca catectu l.) Alias: betel jade, Penang door, Penang Nan, sharp Penang Genus: palm palmae, betel nut is areca l.
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Features and characteristics
(A) plant characteristics trunk straight, cylindrical, unbranched, diameter 10 to 15 cm, height 10 to 13 meters. Obviously stems ring leaf scars, young green trunk, with old growth gradually becomes gray. Leaf clusters stem tip, pinnate, 1.3 to 2 meters long, petiole three prism, ring phimosis dry. Leaflets lanceolate, the surface smooth and hairless. Spadix, spathe yellow-green; flowers unisexual, perianth 6; male 2, alternate spikelets at the top of the inflorescence, flowers small and more, about 2,000 flowers; female inflorescence spikelets was born base, large flowers and small, about 250 to 550. Male flowers have staminodes 6, spend Gui 3, ovary superior, one room. Nuts, oval; seed a conical. (B) the biological characteristics of betel nut grows in tropical monsoon rainforest, forming a thermophilic, good fat habits. Optimum growth temperature is 25 ~ 20 ℃. 16 ℃ when the leaves; 5 ~ 6 ℃ when the fruit drop; 3 ℃ when the leaves turn yellow, black fruit shedding; less severe -10 ℃ plant death. Generally grow better at low latitudes. Its hi wet and avoid stagnant water and evenly distributed rainfall is favorable for growth. Average annual rainfall is 1200 mm above the region can grow. Relative air humidity is high (about 80%) and favorable long-term stable growth. General seedling degree of shade should be 50% to 60%, to mature trees should be full of light. Length of betel economic life, the soil is the key. Like grown in soil thick black topsoil, organic matter-rich sandy loam subsoil of red soil or yellow soil is ideal. After the general colonization 7-8 years to bear fruit, fruit period of 20 to 30 years, life expectancy of up to 100 years. After harvest seeds within the fruit ripening characteristics. Yellow ripe fruit germination rate of 64.3%. Fruit dehydration that reduce germination. Indoor germination, the average daily temperature 26.41 ℃, day temperature changes mean difference 1.8 ℃, the germination rate of 98%.
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Distribution
Mainly in Africa and Southeast Asia, such as India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula, New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and other countries. Introduction and cultivation of over 1,500 years of history, Guangdong, Taiwan cultivated more provinces, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other provinces (regions) are also cultivated.
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Cultivation techniques
1. Election with no soil preparation should choose low-temperature and humid regions loose and fertile soil. Slope becomes large open spaced 3 m high mountains terraces. Terraces facing the slope angle of inclination of about 15 °. Before planting 1 to 2 months by spacing 2 m digging. Allow the soil to fully weathered. Hole 50 cm wide, 40 cm deep, fertilizing farmyard manure or manure per 10 kg as basal, while topsoil back to full points. Additionally, the line between species of fast-growing fast-long grass or legume aircraft for temporary shade, there are students and weed suppression effect of soil moisture protection. 2. Breeding methods (1) the mother tree _select_ion should _select_ 15 to 30 years old, was normal no pests, no less than 300 per plant, fruit tray less than 3 Torr, leaves 8 above, the upper section of the stem between the shorter plants. The second general election, the third seed suitable for the care of the fruit. Ripe fruit with oval, elliptical as well, when the fruit is ripe golden yellow is the best. (2) accumulation of germination germination producing multi-use method. Postharvest 1 to 2 days under the sun, cut the peel 1/4. Then piled on the floor of _select_ed species, the general thickness of 20 cm below the heap species, if the seeds should be more than 1 to 1.2 meters leaving a pedestrian trail every so watering, inspection management. After the heap, covered with a layer of straw insulation, after 15 to 20 days after the 8th checked once every 7 to germination, seedling seed germination picked simultaneously. Seedbed daily average temperature is below 36.1 ℃. Daily maximum temperature is below 36.5 is appropriate. It may rot if the temperature exceeds the above. (3) Breeding ① nutrition bag nursery nutrition bag is 25 cm long, 18 cm wide plastic film. Under the bag has four holes for ventilation permeable. Nutrition soil 1:1 mix topsoil and composting manure accounted bag 4/5, and then into the sand to fill the bag, so the surface soil compaction, put a bag of seeds, pour permeable, moist. ② _Select_ seedbed nursery near water and fertile soil loose sandy loam or loam nursery, raked by plowing under manure applied as basal or pond scum mounding with soil mix, 4 to 5 m long stretch, about one meter wide, High 12 to 15 cm and 4 cm layer of sand in Qimian. By 20 cm × 30 厘米 spacing digging, one seed per hole. The first film to be applied when expanded thin leaflets human waste or ammonium sulfate, 1 to 2 times per month, annual weeding and earthing up 3 to 4 times. ③ planting betel nut seedlings about 1 year, 50 to 60 cm high, 5 to 6 leaves can be colonized. Hainan in spring or autumn 2 to March 8 to October, Yunnan 5 to June, warm and rainy season planting. The best _select_ion cloudy planting, 1 to 2 days before planting irrigated. When planting bags to nutrition, Gallant, pour enough root water, shade and keep the soil moist. 3. Field management (1) young trees weed 2-4 times a year, and earth. (2) fertilizer to organic fertilizer, with chemical fertilizer. Phase 3 years young fertilize once every quarter, digging or trenching in the crown periphery, according to the four directions alternately fertilization. Every human waste per plant or about 5 kg of ammonium sulfate from 25 to 50 kg, 5 kg mixed green manure and cover soil watered. After the first three age was flowering each spring and autumn each fertilization 1 times per plant green manure or manure 10 kg, 100 to 150 g mixed ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 150 to 250 grams. Flowering trees every year in March and October each fertilization 1 times per plant green manure or manure 10 kg, adding 100 to 150 g of urea, superphosphate 250 to 500 g, 100 to 150 grams of potassium chloride. (3) irrigation betel hi humid environment, but not water, to prevent rot. (4) 3 years after planting shade for the young of betel need shade in moisture. Between crop optional bush medicine, but to increase fertilizer to ensure that their thrive. 4. Pest and Disease Control (1) leaf spot are the following: Phyllosticta leaf spot (phylio-sticta arecae diedecke.), Hairy Alternaria leaf spot (2) fruit rot (hyalodendron sp.) And (fusarium sp.) Brown rot caused by green stem end, resulting in fruit drop. Prevention Ibid. (3) ear blight (colletotri chum gloeosporioides penz.) Ear damage, fruit. Control methods: Clear fallen fruit leaves, concentrated fire. Young fruit, fruit with thiram during multi hymexazol spraying. (4) root rot (phytophthora sp.) Damage seedlings. Control methods: control soil moisture; occurrence of carbendazim wettable powder with 50% from 800 to 1000 times IRRIGATING; find diseased instant unplug and disinfected with lime disease hole. (5) red veins ear borer (tirathaba rufivena walker.) Is a major pest of betel nut. Control methods: Qing Yuan, spring applied fertilizer in March and April combined 3% of carbofuran granules 0.25 kg / plant, Shi deepened in the rhizosphere of about 10 cm semi-ring groove and overburden compaction, or at 4,5 spraying twice a month, and in August and September, pharmaceutical emulsion bt 100 times with 3% neem oil or emulsion bt 100 times plus 10% of one hundred to EC 10 mg / liter spray.
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Harvesting and processing
1. Harvest generally harvested in two periods. The first period, 11 to 12 months harvesting palm fruit processing into dried. To harvest oblong or elliptical, stems with persistent calyx, slender shaped cut there immature seeds dry palm fruit processing into quality is better. The second period, from March to June harvest ripe fruit processing palm jade. To harvest round or oval orange or red ripe fruit, fruit processing the full cut mature palm seeds into jade share. 2. Machining (2) picked fruit to dry palm branches, and then put the fruit in the pot, add water and boil for about 30 minutes, remove and dry, then place the fruit in the kitchen baking roast slow fire with wet wood. About 2 to 3 days fry roast 1, twice Lianfan can. About 8 to 10 days line the bottom with a wooden stick from above, like a plug it in, explained the bottom is dry, then remove Serve Lang Yu. General 100 kg of fresh fruit can be baked 20 to 25 kg. (3) Arecae the ripe fruit length Poucheng half, peeled rind, dried, dried pine that was hit. (4) have not yet taken betel open male flower drying. In khaki or light green to share.
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Action
Seeds can be used as medicine, insecticidal, breaking product, under the gas, the effectiveness of the water line is one of the "big four Southern medicine" Our precious. Indications parasitic diseases, food product, qi stagnation, dysentery, piperazine citrate, external treatment of glaucoma, chewing eat something stimulant. Areca fruit contains many essential nutrients and beneficial substances, such as fats, nut oils, alkaloids, catechins, choline and other ingredients. Areca has a unique feature Royal malaria, is the ancient healing medicine physicians fruit, another alias "wash miasma Dan" the. Because the quotidian of the disease, usually with eating disorders, qi stagnation knot about the plot, and betel able to lower gas, digestion, expectorant, so the medicinal properties has been widespread concern. Herbal name: Areca (betel nut) Commonly used anthelmintic. Dry mature seeds areca palm plants. Mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia and China's Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. Betel bitter, acrid, warm. Owned by the stomach, large intestine. Insecticidal efficacy, consumer product, gas, water line. Indications parasitic diseases, such as roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms, ginger and other insects, food product qi stagnation, abdominal pain, bloating, edema, beriberi, malaria and other syndromes. Modern pharmacological experiments show that betel insecticide, anti-virus and fungi and so on.
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Source
Seeds areca palm plants.
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Collection
Winter, spring fruit when ripe harvest. Picked fruit, the peel peeled, whichever seed, and dried.
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Medicinal material
Dried seed conical or oblate spherical, 1.5 to 3 cm, base diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm, surface yellowish brown or yellow-brown, rough, lighter shaped concave mesh pattern, and sometimes silver plaques like the peel adhesion.
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Toxicity
Arecoline cause excessive salivation, vomiting, urination, lethargy and convulsions. Such as those available through the Department of Oral caused by potassium permanganate solution lavage and atropine.
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Processing
Areca: pick impurities, soaked with water, changing the water according to the temperature conditions, to thoroughly soak up, picked up, sliced, dry. Fried nut: Take betel nut pieces _set_ the pot, simmer and stir-fry until slightly discolored, remove and let cool. Coke nut: when to use force against betel nut slices fry coke yellow torches, spray water, remove and let cool.
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Taste
Kuxin, warm.
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Meridian
Rupi, stomach, large intestine.
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Attending the function
Insecticide, breaking product, gas, water line. Pest control product, indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, weight after dysentery, malaria, edema, beriberi, phlegm, the crux.
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Movie "betel"
Chinese Title: betel nut English Title: betelnut Director: Yang Heng Screenplay: Yang Heng Producer: Yang Heng Starring: Tian Liang Wu On behalf of the flag Clips: Tian Kun Publisher: xiangxi film bridge Genre: Drama Music: Wu Running time: 112 minutes Synopsis This is the story of two poor teenagers boring life. Different from other teen movie, the movie "nut" No sunny youth story, nor passionate love story, some just do not have the future of youth portraits. Stealing motorcycles, grab a child money, the gang war, childish love, two teenagers living the director Yang Heng summer shoot pictures just like the same landscape. Boating movie scenes as if the memories of the summer afternoon. They still can not see the future, as if, like a leisurely vacation. This is the director stressed that the focus of peace rather than despair. See the movie with her boyfriend girlfriend broke up right away by boat, a pair of sleepy look, feel the director Yang Heng is the story itself did not seem that important, but the connection point of the story is more important. From this we can see that this "nut" is indeed a unique style of youth films. About the director Director Yang Heng Hunan Xiangxi Tujia people, in 1994 graduated from the Hunan Radio and Television University, graduated from the Beijing Film Academy in 2001 professional photography, in 2002 began writing the script and shoot an independent film. He had filmed the movie "bump", "car", "forgotten moments", "nut" is his debut feature film.
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No. 22
Areca (Lee when the "drug record") Synonyms】 【Ren frequency ("Shanglin Fu"), Bin Door (Lee when the "drug record"), Bin door drug preserves ("Southern grass-like"), white areca ("resistance"), olive sub ( "Herbal"), betel benevolence ("Taiwan"), wash malaria Dan (Hou Ning pole "medicine spectrum"), big belly son ("Ridge table Lu Yi"), big belly betel ("the draft"), areca nut ("outline"), Ma Jinnan ("glasses"), Green Chai ("China taxonomy of trees"), betel Jade, Lang Yu ("Chinese Chi"). [Source] for areca palm plants seeds. [] Betel plant morphology Trees, 10 to 18 m, unbranched, forming distinct rings after the leaves fall off. At the top of the leaf clusters; pinnate, 1.3 to 2 meters long, smooth, rachis 3-angled, leaflets lanceolate-linear or linear, 30 to 70 cm long, 2.5 to 6 cm wide, relatively narrow base, apex lobular healing, irregular division. Inflorescence was born in the lowermost leaves leaf base, there spathelike large bracts, long obovate, up to 40 cm long, smooth, multi-branched inflorescence; Flowers unisexual; small male, mostly, sessile , close to the upper branches, usually solitary, rarely opposite, calyx 3, thick tiny petals 3, ovate-oblong, 5-6 mm, stamens 6, filaments short, anthers basifixed, pistillode 3, filamentous; female large and small, sessile, was born in the base of the inflorescence axis or branches, calyx 3, oblong-ovate, 12 to 15 mm. Nuts, oval or oblong, 5-6 cm long, persistent sepals and petals, red when ripe. Twice a year flowering, flowering from March to August, winter flowers fruitless. Fruit of December to February. Distribution of Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and other places. The plant's male bud (betel flowers), immature fruit (dates betel nuts), fruit (Arecae) also for medicinal purposes, details of special articles. [Collection] winter, when spring fruit harvesting. Picked fruit, the peel peeled, whichever seed, and dried. [Medicine] dried seeds conical or oblate spherical, 1.5 to 3 cm, base diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm, surface yellowish-brown or yellow-brown, rough, lighter shaped concave pattern of the network and the occasional silver endocarp stain attached sheet. The base of the central circular recessed bead hole, which has a pale beside the hilum scar-like. A solid mass, longitudinal section visible brown seed coat outer edge inward fold in, and milky endosperm staggered formation marble-like patterns. There are small holes inside the base bead-shaped embryo, often brown, dry shrinkage is not significant. Gas-free, taste astringent and bitter. To fruit weight, solid, not broken preferred. Mainly produced in Guangdong, Yunnan, Taiwan, Guangxi, Fujian. Abroad in Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and other places yield the most. Chemical composition of betel alkaloid-containing 0.3 to 0.6%, condensed tannins 15%, fat 14% and betel nut red pigment. Lord alkaloid arecoline content of 0.1 to 0.5%; rest have arecaidine, demethylation arecaidine, demethylation arecoline, betel vice alkali, high Arecoline so on. Health betel alkaloid-containing products is a high ratio. The endosperm contains catechins betel flowers IL and polymers. Nut oil contains 14% fat, the fatty acid composition of betel nut oil: 19.5% lauric acid, myristic acid 46.2%, 12.7% palmitic acid: stearic acid 1.6%, 0.3% capric acid, oleic acid 6.2% linoleic acid 5.4%, 0.3% dodecenoic acid, tetradecenoic acid 7.2%. Betel nut free amino acids contained more than 15% proline, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine than 10%, then the non-reducing betel mature protein nitrogen content. Pharmacological effects ① deworming effect Arecoline is effective insecticide ingredients. Pork tapeworm strong paralysis effect, so that all insects are paralyzed ministries, beef tapeworm is only the head and immature piece completely paralyzed, while the fecundity segments of the middle and rear sections have little impact. In vitro tests on rats have pinworms paralysis. Arecoline also allows the poisoning of roundworm and hookworm had no effect on. Betel nut and realgar, cinnamon, ferulic mixed decoction to mice fed on schistosome infections have some preventive effect, but with lily root, berberine and wide wood together for the treatment of schistosomiasis in mice invalid. ② anti-fungal, viral effect Aqueous extracts in vitro against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton violaceum have different degrees of inhibition. Decoction and flooding agent for certain strains of influenza virus influenza certain extent, antiviral tannin contained therein may be relevant. ③ role of cholinergic receptors Arecoline role is similar to pilocarpine, excitable M-cholinergic receptors causes glandular secretion, especially increased salivation, miosis make when drops, in addition to increase peristalsis, bronchial contraction, heart rate, and can cause blood vessels to dilate, blood pressure, coronary vasoconstriction caused by rabbits after application. 1% solution is used to reduce intraocular pressure of glaucoma, but the role of sustained short and obvious irritation of the cornea. Due to increased smooth peristalsis, promote paralyzed tapeworm discharge. Also excited N-cholinergic receptors, expressed as excited skeletal muscle, ganglion and carotid body and so on. On the central nervous system also has cholinergic effects, cats intravenous injection can cause a small amount of cortical Arecoline awakened reactions, atropine Secretary to reduce or block this effect. ④ other roles Mice were injected subcutaneously Arecoline inhibit its general activities, chlorpromazine and memory damage caused by reduced activity can be improved. Areca has proven human carcinogens contained quality. Usually those who have hypogeusia betel nut, appetite increase, teeth easily shaken, less diarrhea, sore throat, abdominal pain less and governance, probably because it contains a lot of tannin rules. Besides eating betel nut intestinal parasites less and less feeling of thirst, may be related to the role of arecoline. Toxicology Arecoline cause excessive salivation, vomiting, urination, lethargy and convulsions. Such as those available through the Department of Oral caused by potassium permanganate solution lavage and atropine. [Cooked] areca: pick impurities, soaked with water, changing the water according to the temperature conditions, to thoroughly soak up, picked up, sliced, dry. Net or take the pick of betel big break as beans, also. Fried nut: Take betel nut pieces _set_ the pot, simmer and stir-fry until slightly discolored, remove and let cool. Coke nut: when to use force against betel nut slices fry coke yellow torches, spray water, remove and let cool. ① "Treatise on Thunder Gun": "purports betel nut, first go to the bottom Knife, fine cut, do not pass through the fire, fear of inability to make effective if cooked, it is better not.." ② "Materia Medica": "betel emergency rule born with, it is unable to pass through the fire, stir fry or Cuzhu too slow cure.." [Taste] tiring, warm. ① "Do not record": "spicy, warm, non-toxic." ② "outline": "tiring, warm, astringent, non-toxic." [] To the spleen, stomach, large intestine. ① "concocted herbal solutions Thunder": "the stomach, large intestine two classics." ② "Materia Medica": "start lunar, Yangming Meridian." ③ "New Materia Medica": "Rupi, stomach, colon, lung IV." ④ "Ben Cao Jing Xie": "into the Foot Jue Yin Liver Meridian, Shao Yin Heart Sutra hand, foot Yangming stomach, hand Yangming large intestine." 【Indications】 insecticide, breaking product, gas, water line. Pest control product, indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, weight after dysentery, malaria, edema, beriberi, phlegm, the crux. ① "Do not record": "Lord consumer Valley by water, expectorant addiction; kill three worms, spa-inch white." ② "resistance": "Xuan Li Yongzhi organs, broken gas firm over the next edema cure the heartache, the wind blood accumulation.." ③ "Tang Materia Medica": "Lord bloating, raw pound end clothing, and Water Valley dressing sores, raw muscle pain burned to ash, the main tone of white sores.." ④ "beriberi" theory: "beriberi obstruct toxic, water and gas edema." ⑤ "Sea herbal medicine": "Lord Bentun all gas, five diaphragm gas, wind air-conditioning, Sushi Needless." ⑥ "Japan Hanako Materia Medica": "In addition to all the wind, under all the gas, through joints, Lee Jiuqiao up five workers and injured seven, spleen tune in, Chufan, break the crux of the next five diaphragm gas." ⑦ "Medical Kai original": "After re-treatment." ⑧ good old king: "red veins treatment for the sick, inverse gas in emergency." ⑨ "outline": "After the cure dysentery heavy, confidant all the pain, urine gas constipation, phlegm asthma emergency treatment of various malaria, Royal quotidian.." ⑩ "Herbal Tongxuan": "malaria treatment hernia ended." ⑾ "With the interest rate spectrum of home eating": "Kennedy declared stagnation break, and pain and in the bowels by water, and can manufacture poison fatness of the teeth, the solution tone.." ⑿ "Modern and practical medicine": "get rid of ginger worms, tapeworms, both stomach, astringent and purgative effect." [Usage and dosage] Oral: decoction, 1.5 to 3 money (such as single flavor insecticide used to 2-3 two); or into pills, powder. Topical: fried or washing powder withered apply. [Taboo] Qi subsidence careful service. ① "Herbal": "eat fever." ② "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "disease is a deficiency bogey empty stomach, although stagnation should not use; heart pain without leaving the junction and non-insect bite attack should not use; disease should not use non-Sam Rainsy where malaria disease. is a yin and yang, the gas shortage, rather than gastrointestinal stasis, Sushi fullness who noted in the bogey. " ③ "by every original": "Where, after diarrhea, dysentery after malaria imaginary, must not use it." [Election] ① governance inch white worm: betel twenty-seven. Under the rule of the screen. Two and a half liters of water, boiled their skin, take a liter and a half late to the dregs Carolina, frequent warm clothes lying, insects out. A different, more co clothes, take recover from illness ended. Su Wu Shi, of service. ("Qian Jin Fang") ② governance of various insects in those organs eventually becoming recover from illness: betel nut and a half two (guns) for the end. Each serving two money transfer service with a decoction of onion honey money. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ③ governance spit food into flooded nausea and vomiting: betel nut, Breit, Amomum, radish son, malt, ginger, Atractylodes the second money. Decoction. ("Square pulse authentic") ④ governance spleen deficiency, when you can not digest Mizutani, belly pain for the fullness By: betel twenty-two, Atractylodes two or three, malt twenty-two, Amomum twelve. All fried dry for the end. Every morning serving three money transfer service white soup. ("Square pulse authentic") ⑤ governance Heart pain: galangal, betel decile (all fried). For the fine. M drinking tune. ("We choose.") ⑥ After treatment of typhoid fever or sweating under fullness, or a real knot chest cold, the air lock barrier: betel two (lifetime a simmer). Fine. Wine two, fried a four, divided into two, warm drink. Jue rid of roundworm, confidants tingling. ("Treatise total Diseases" betel nut loose) ⑦ governance urine barrier, also wet cure stomach, constipation astringent: betel Majesty half pieces. MaiMenDong Jianshui with a money mill, heavy with hot soup of service. ("Universal Relief" betel nut loose. "Outline" to the party rule "discredited ache") ⑧ dry cure cholera, the air rushed anxious, want absolutely boring, urine barrier: betel seven. Filing, coarse chopped sieve. Each serving five money dagger, a water, boy urinating Banzhan, fry one, to the dregs, warm clothes, day again. ("St. Francis" betel nut soup) ⑨ cure diarrhea, sepsis, tenesmus, day and night excesses: peony twelve, five money angelica, rhubarb, skullcap, berberine, woody each one half the money, betel a penny. For the end. Each serving three, five money, a water, and simmer till seven, to the dregs, warm clothes. Failure to stop, and then served, not the weight is ended. ("Q illness life insurance _set_" guide Qi Tang) ⑩ Spleen, lung and kidney injuries, not of water vapor, the plot is full of swollen, become Chuanji not Yan lying by: betel three money, white peony (fried), Poria, Polyporus, Alisma, car former child the second money, a money cinnamon. Decoction. ("Square pulse authentic") ⑾ rule Wulin: TPG drugs twelve, betel a (face wrapped simmer). For the end. Each serving a money, decoction, Kong Xinfu. ("Bo Ji Fang") ⑿ beriberi red heart: White betel a (heart-shaped greater). For the end. With a boy urinating, ginger juice, warm wine of Banzhan tune, only for one, no time served. ("Brief JIZHONG Party") ⒀ beriberi tired hair, become edema Needless: big belly son. Banzhan mill juice soup, food before serving, twice a day. Service in February. ("Materia Medica") ⒁ cure phlegm: betel nut to the end. White soup Point (serving) a penny. ("Royal hospital medicine.") ⒂ vinegar cure heart: betel forty-two, cellulite twenty-two. Fine-pound as a casual. Hollow, raw honey soup under Fangcun Bi. ("Anthony _set_ prescription") ⒃ black leprosy treatment: two big belly living, without the living, who may also dry, with full leather who Wuling injury move. Dip in one liter of wine, so wine do drugs slow Huoao dry, pound Romania for the end of the twelfth lunar month refining pig paste, apply the paste to reconcile such. ("St. Francis" big belly son cream) ⒄ treatment of pediatric head sores, Jinian not recover from illness: betel nut mill to paper lining, dried, coated with oil generation of tune. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⒅ Governance tone raw white sores: betel two. Burning ash fine grind, dressing sores. ("Sheng Hui Fang") ⒆ rule out the pus Ting ears: the betel nut powder blowing. ("Powell pediatric Party") ⒇ cure erysipelas from yellow swollen from the navel: betel nut, to the end, vinegar-coated. ('Continued ability to party ") (22) metallurgy sores: White betel nut, berberine little, for the end of the deposition. ("Experience Party") (23) Health pubic lice treatment: betel fried washing. ("Herbal prepared to") (24) low back pain: with betel nut at the end, money is a wine delivery service. (25) painful urination: surface simmer betel nut, TPG half two drugs is wanted, every three to take the money to wick water to cook well, next Kong Xinfu. One day service twice. Clinical application ① treat tapeworm Areca pork tapeworm, and more than 90% cure rate. But there are also reports eight cases were cured four cases (50%) only considered poor quality drugs, improper system of law related. The efficacy of short tapeworm, literature reports mixed: fewer cases caused by (1 - 6 cases) have been reported to cure; 8 cases were cured in 6 patients (75%); ranked worm 32 cases was 37.5%, while the fecal worm Eggs negative rate of 82.8%. However, only 14 cases have been reported cured three cases; treatment of children 8 patients void. Crack head on the wide section of the tapeworm, although reports are individual cases, but were cured. Beef tapeworm, poor efficacy, the cure rate is generally between 30 to 50%, such as pumpkin seeds combined with the application, you can greatly improve the efficacy, the cure rate of 90 to 95% or more; contingent treatment have been reported in 23 cases, See the results of the first drive out insects in 5 cases, driven out most of the parasites (worms no head driven out) in 14 cases, 4 cases. Practice has proved that: betel nut and pumpkin seeds for tapeworms are making paralysis effect, but betel major role in the tapeworm's head section and immature piece (ie front), pumpkin seeds major role in fecundity segments in the middle and rear sections , the two combined, can improve the therapeutic effect. Usage: general use decoction orally. The usual dose is 60 to 100 grams, but also useful to 120 g or more. Some people think: beyond increasing the dose beyond the effective dose range, and can not improve the outcome. Preparation of decoction, usually chopped betel nut, first with 300 to 500 ml of hot water to soak for several hours, then with warm gently into about 200 ml, 1 dose on an empty stomach in the morning. The evening before taking a small amount of liquid diet or fasting. Depending on the particular circumstances after taking a half to two hours at about 20 to 30 grams of magnesium sulfate clothes. The combined application of pumpkin seeds, pumpkin seed powder is the first service of 80 to 125 grams, to be about a half to two hours before serving nut decoction, and after serving magnesium sulfate. Medication is completed to time by the half-hour discharge worm to cause several hours. Most of cured cases medication only once. But there are a few take medication more than 2 times or 2 times. According to clinical observations, fresh betel nut placed over the effectiveness of long big; areca boiling water and soak for a few hours before, were higher than the immediate effect of frying; taking laxatives dissatisfied with laxatives compared to good effect; nut decoction using the tube into the duodenum Law is good and less side effects than oral method. Betel nuts and pumpkin seeds merger application, not only a significant effect on the beef tapeworm, but also for short tapeworm can improve the outcome. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and dizziness, palpitation, also cause vomiting or intestinal obstruction. Experience suggests that, after taking to keep quiet, or decoction served cold, or with 2.5% gelatin droplet removal nut decoction of tannic acid, can reduce nausea, vomiting and other side effects. In addition, betel nut and A flat beef tapeworm combination therapy may improve the outcome; betel nuts and pumpkin seeds, pomegranate rind combination therapy pork tapeworm, tapeworm short also good results. ② treatment fasciolopsiasis The cure rate from 47.2 to 90% range above. Generally 1 to 3 hours after taking the parasites can be discharged. The fastest by 15 to 40 minutes. Preparation and use of drugs and treatment substantially identical taeniasis. In addition to using a single flavor decoction, there are with plum, licorice use. As with the ugly black powder orally, its efficacy is superior to single flavor decoction. ③ treatment Trichuriasis Betel nut sliced or broken, take 100 grams, more than 500 ml of water immersion for 12 hours, then fry 100 to 200 ml, divided into aliquots at 2-3 hours of fasting times now, to prevent vomiting. Before taking the 1st first service from 20 to 30 grams of magnesium sulfate, after taking 3 hours without diarrhea may then serve magnesium 1. There are also dissatisfied with laxatives before taking the stand. 1 medication ineffective, 5 days may be a service times. According to review the results of 20 cases of ambassadors, which accounted for 13 cases negative. Another report of two cases were cured. ④ treatment enterobiasis The few reported cases (3 cases) were cured, while the majority of cases (71 cases of children), the cure rate is only 38%, and more reaction; better treatment results reported 24 cases of children without one case cured. Usage: 3-4 two adults; children 5-7 years old with 25 to 30 grams. Cook 1 serving fasting, after serving 3 1 times. ⑤ treatment of hookworm Effects reported very inconsistent. Efficiency is generally 55% or more, up to a maximum of 91%, a low of 32%. Think nut decoction for four more cases of ethylene oxide invalid Zhuo. Preparation of decoction to work with areca nut, betel nut slices with invalid. But there are many reports that either the child or betel nut pieces, decoction, to get rid of hookworms had no effect or very poor. Usually the amount of nut 100 to 125 g. Concentrated sugar flavored fried betel prevent nausea, vomiting and other side effects occur. Liver parenchymal disease, should not take when Xu dysfunction. ⑥ treatment of ascariasis Effective rate of 40 to 68%. Most of the medication within 24 hours after row of insects. Usage: decoction made with fresh sliced betel nut, 14 years or older with 60 to 90 grams, 50 grams of 10 to 13 years old, 7-9 years old 40 grams. Decoction can be a time served, inferior or sub-3 and a half hours after oral administration. It was observed that the effect of a second suit were better than the fractional service, but can lead to vomiting. A few hours after taking a dose of magnesium sulfate, may improve the outcome. ⑦ treatment of glaucoma 1:1 betel nut pieces made with eye drops, drops once every five minutes, a total of six times; then 30 minutes a time, three times; every two hours later by the disease drops 1. IOP control in the normal range, drop 2 to 3 times a day, every 1 to 2 drops, to prevent recurrence. Acute and chronic glaucoma miosis, lowering intraocular pressure. IOP control was better than pilocarpine was excellent, and the short duration of action than miotic pilocarpine maintained. Irritating slightly larger than the pilocarpine after general medicine have mild pain and conjunctival hyperemia, completely disappear after a few minutes. Famous paper] ① "medication Heart": "betel nut, bitter to break stagnation, Sim with scattered evil, designed to break stagnation gas downstream." ② "Materia Medica about words": "betel nut, into the chest and kept breaking the stagnation gas, into the stomach by phlegm and down, various drugs can tune down, attack by water cure athlete's foot fall also benefit whichever non whichever is broken. gas also, so use of wood and then be ear. an inch white cloud could kill insects, non-insecticidal also its resistance to fall, by insects can also downstream. " ③ "Ben Cao Meng Quan": "betel nut, long take the loss infuriating, more clothes then spilled high gas rather than in Citrus aurantium, peel, this Yushchenko also." ④ "outline": "by Luo Jing" Helin Yulu "cloud, Lingnan people with nut Royal miasma of tea, its function has four: one said to make the wake up drunk, as long as the food cover, then smoked and then red cheeks, If you drink enough, Su called 'red tide Gordon cheek drunk nut' also. second is to make the wake up drunk, drinking and chewing the lid, then the width of the gas under sputum, I Dayton alcoholic solution, Zhu Hui An expectorant called betel collected as' too . third is hungry to make the full, on the 4th of hunger and satiety can. lid fasting food, such as charging and then fit to eat, eat the food, then the natural diet fast and easy elimination. " ⑤ "Ben Cao Jing Shu":. "Betel nut, start, foot Yangming Meridian husband as the Valley of the sea water, hand Yangming for the conduction of the words, the second phase is consistently lose by to transport and subtle were also two classics Mizutani disease is not in digestion, detention and phlegm addiction, or stop for a long hot and humid, it becomes born parasites, drug Sim can sanjie break stagnation, bitter insecticide can be discharged, so the Lord above all evidence also. Zhen Li Xuan right internal organs Liu Fu Yongzhi, broken gas chest, under edema, accumulation rule heartache; Japan Hanako under all gas, through joints, Lee Jiuqiao, spleen tune in, break the crux; Li Xun main Bentun gas, five diaphragm gas, wind air-conditioning, beriberi, Sushi Needless, whichever Xin Wen are separated, broken gas hypostatic can lower gastrointestinal ear tangible things. " ⑥ "Materia Medica": "betel nut, attending various gas, cured malaria, broken stagnation gas, gas Gloomy next phlegm, to product gas, the solution poison gas, consumer Valley air, by water gas, bulk beriberi, insecticidal gas ., through the air, wide in the air, the air vent of the drug is also under way Longtan said: And as far as the top of the top high headache chills and fever, weight of the gas after the next focus of the plot dysentery and intestinal adverse bleach, or chest pain lead back, two Full Erchuan threat against the flank of animal barrier, or swelling of the liver gas phlegm, and off grid distention, or obstruct the water does not run Mizutani skin, swelling of the limbs and actions that breathe; such as athlete's foot under Bentun rise, as five of the phrenic five choke Under the rather; or inch white worm knot in the stomach among the cast skin disease psoriasis or wound outside the fascia, a variety of causes, can not be due to digestion Mizutani, detention and to disabled people, this drug should line accessible, so gas can be scattered, blood feasible, food can eliminate sputum may flow, water based, integrated solution can carry on. " ⑦ "Materia Medica is": "betel nut, herbal medicine made its broken gas speed than Citrus aurantium, peel particularly if so, Quang Nam person overnight without laughing bite wounds, broken gas blessing for those who speed in short, this physical property. warm and spicy, and it could Xingpi Lee gas, sweet and astringent, and it could spleen strong solid gas, there is a sincere line agents leave, the concept of "Helin Yulu" cloud, hunger and make the full, full to make the hunger , drunk to make the wake up, wake to make the drunk. details of this four can carry on obtaining sex. " ⑧ "Doctor Lin compile":. "Betel no pungent, being left floating mirage gray vine leaves and chewing, there are pungent, spicy herbal medicine made, it is wrong and the entrance is very astringent, bitter and sour with, there is Lianqi reactive lungs, the first to know broken gas under the gas without knowing shun gas Lianqi, Ann are also secured by evil. aftertaste and very sweet, it can also carry and can fill. "
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Chinese specification levels
Current betel specifications as follows: First dry. Oblate or conical. Surface light yellow or brown. Quality solid. Section with gray and red-brown marbled staggered. Astringent taste bitter. Each 1000g 160 or fewer. No dead heart, broken, impurities, insects, mildew. Second dry. Oblate or conical. Surface yellow or brown. Quality solid. Section with gray and red-brown marble-like pattern of staggered. Astringent taste bitter. Each 1000g 160 or more, between broken, withered heart does not exceed 5%; mild infestation of water more than 3%. No impurities, mildew.
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Edible
Areca fruit can be eaten, dip brine chew chewing who first met Red, chest tightness, is a normal phenomenon
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Toxicity
Betel nut itself is carcinogenic, the International Cancer Research Center (IARC) has published monograph published in August 2003 "betel nut fruit itself is first class carcinogen", which areca fruit even without additives, there are also carcinogenic risk. Arecoline cause excessive salivation, vomiting, urination, lethargy and convulsions, and even chest tightness, sweating, dizziness caused by shock, can not swallow, such as the Department of Oral caused by potassium permanganate solution lavage and atropine. Harm According to statistics in medicine, chewing betel nut and oral cancer are closely related. For example: 1 oral cancer patients for more than 80% of Taiwan's betel nut chewing habit. 2 The incidence of oral cancer in recent years due to increased chewing betel population and increasing every year. 3 people suffering from betel chance of oral cancer is 20 times higher than the average person. Thus, chewing betel great impact on our health. Secondly, spit betel juice and residue, will not only affect the city, and unsightly, some unscrupulous betel nut industry, used to do all kinds of tricks to attract customers, especially the "betel nut beauties" everywhere, for children with physical and mental health good morals of society, has adverse effects. Furthermore, due to the highly profitable sale of betel nut, some people just are not suitable for cultivation of betel nut cultivation hillside wantonly, causing soil erosion, when the typhoon comes, it is prone to landslides, causing loss of life and property. (A) The common hazards: Chewing betel nut, in addition to the teeth black, wear, shaken, gingival recession caused by periodontal disease, oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia, it will also lead to oral cancer. According to the survey, Eighty-eight percent of oral cancer patients have the habit of chewing betel nut. (B) the severe health hazards: 1 betel-induced precancerous lesions: (1) OSF: Common in the buccal mucosa, followed by the jaw area. Oral mucosa have a burning sensation, ulcers, white, finally resulting in the mouth and difficulty swallowing. Which part of the oral mucosa fibrosis patients under oral cancer will become. (2) oral leukoplakia: Common in the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth and lips. Leukoplakia will slowly change the mix of white innocence, which is also a part of the oral leukoplakia patients will become cancerous. 2 oral cancer: Tsai Ching betel commonly known, its composition of "arecoline" carcinogenic. Add the "lime" was co-carcinogenic agent. World Health Organization review of the relevant literature by chewing betel nut with cancer, made conclusions: (1) betel quid with tobacco, together with identified as a human carcinogen reasons. (2) smoking and betel nut chewing, easily lead to oral cancer and throat cancer. For Your Health Do not chew betel nuts, such as smokers must also quit because of the combined use, more likely to cause oral cancer, throat cancer, throat cancer and esophageal cancer, and smoking, chewing betel nut and alcohol combined, there are more multiply carcinogenic effects. 3 teeth of injury Due to frequent chewing action, beyond the normal load, causing the teeth to bite consumption (wear), and gums shaken. Betel sharply growing population in Taiwan is estimated to have over 260 million people; average age of betel nut who also declined trend; while chewing betel universality from low socio-economic status and working class population, extended to white-collar high-intellectuals. Areca is "betelnut" favorite, farmers in the eyes of the "Green Gold", but it is the biggest killer of Taiwan people's health and water resources. According to Taiwan's betel nut plantations over 50,000 hectares (equivalent to two Taipei large), in addition to causing an annual loss of about 40 million tonnes of water resources and serious damage to woodland outside, people spend a year in the amount of betel nuts as much as 900 million equivalent to half of the cost of highway, quite amazing. Even more frightening is that it's carcinogenic and tumor promotion, but also makes the people of oral cancer, jumped out of the top ten causes of cancer death. So how to promote the prevention and control of betel nut, betel nut reduce people's hobby, has become one of the priorities of health units. · Physical hazards: In addition to possible risk of oral disease, oral cancer, the consumption of excessive amounts produces symptoms, ranging from excitement, eyes dull, shivering, ataxia, bizarre behavior or rude; heavy then lead to acute psychosis, including listening to Magic , self-expansion, forced fantasy, delirium chaos god and so on. · Harm economy: spitting betel nut juice, will be banned fines; edible betel expensive, increase spending burden; medical expenses. · Social harm: eating for a long time, teeth black, red mouth, the appearance is quite indecent. Environmental pollution: the spitting betel juice not only pollute the environment unsightly, spit betel juice bacteria carried by the wind, inhaled into the lungs in public. · Soil and Water Conservation: Since nut trees are shallow-rooted, a large-scale cultivation, would seriously damage soil and water conservation.
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Taste
Kuxin, warm. Characters To round. Surface with white and brown marble texture was staggered. Hard and brittle brittle. Gas micro, taste astringent and bitter. Meridian spleen, stomach, large intestine. Attending the function insecticide, breaking product, gas, water line. Pest control product, indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, weight after dysentery, malaria, edema, beriberi, phlegm, the crux. Research by Lee when the "drug record A "Southern grass-like": betel nut, tree height Shiyu Zhang, Qing Tong-like skin, such as Makino's Day, under the small, the branches is not small, straight Kingston, do if a Mori show no Ko. End top with leaves, banana leaves like Gan, bar pie (pulse) broke open, looking Miao Miao, such as bamboo _insert_ed in the tip of the banana cluster; wind to separate move, move like lupine's sweeping day. Coefficient lower lobe rooms, rooms decorated dozens of real, real big as peaches and plums, born under its spine re-tired, so Yu Wei fact. Taste bitter. Its leather sectional, vend their skin, cooked as consistent, firm as dry dates, to help keep the vine, ancient Ben Gray and food, then slide the United States, under the gas consumer Valley. The Lin Yi. 2 "Treatise on Thunder Gun": Where to make betel nut, take a good save sit tight, strong heart, broken like water breaking text, text such as Kam Man who better. Half black and half white guilty conscience who would not join the medicinal. 3 TaoHongJing: betel nut has three or four: a cross-state, form a small but sweet; Guangzhou south who shaped large and astringent taste; nuclear pigs were also greater betel; make drugs are used. And small who call for the laity betel Sun, but also food. 4 "outline": big belly son of Ridge table, southern Yunnan, the betel nut in a big belly who shaped flat and astringent taste, not like betel long and sharp taste good ear, pig called betel nut is carry on. Also cover the different indigenous, people today are less. By Liu Xun, "Ridge table record" cloud, cross, wide living, non-ship betel nut, all big belly son also, he noted the call for betel nut, soft white and old, the real taste of mining to help keep vines, tile house gray with eat in order to remove quotidian, to close its skin medicine, outer black skin, intradermal are stringless such as coconut skin. And "Yunnan mind" big belly betel cig has three, two hundred, when the cross-section of the green to a betel and Gefen rolls and eat, that is less astringency. This concept that the child with a big belly betel nut may be common, but slightly inferior power than betel ear. 5 "New Materia Medica": betel nut, spicy, bitter, temperature, drop, 阴中阳 also non-toxic. Rupi, stomach, colon, lung IV. After elimination Mizutani, expectorant addiction, only heartache, killing three worms, cure heavy as God, fall under various rage, designed to break stagnation gas downstream. If too many clothes, anti-diarrhea chest-high in the air. Good eliminate malaria, two people still bite of Guangdong as the beginning. The ancients suspect its consumption infuriating, advising people to tone the stomach, but quit eating betel nut. This also see the words, but also on non-pass. Lingnan smoke miasma of the land, its Snake poison gas, steam potential by inflammation atmosphere, the throughput in the mountains Mizutani, while Sam Rainsy water miasma of gas, together and invade people, who immediately dizziness, nausea and satiety. Non-betel nut mouth bite, and how fast solution almost. Heaven and Earth, there is a poison, is bound to produce a substance to the rescue. Gas betel positive sense of the world, that was born between the two in Guangdong, Guangdong original so save two people also. Movie "betel nut" Chinese Title: betel nut English Title: Betelnut Director: Yang Heng Screenplay: Yang Heng Producer: Yang Heng Starring: Tian Liang Wu On behalf of the flag Clips: Tian Kun Publisher: Xiangxi Film Bridge Genre: Drama Music: Wu Running time: 112 minutes Synopsis This is the story of two poor teenagers boring life. Different from other teen movie, the movie "nut" No sunny youth story, nor passionate love story, some just do not have the future of youth portraits. Stealing motorcycles, grab a child money, the gang war, childish love, two teenagers living the director Yang Heng summer shoot pictures just like the same landscape. Boating movie scenes as if the memories of the summer afternoon. They still can not see the future, as if, like a leisurely vacation. This is the director stressed that the focus of peace rather than despair. See the movie with her boyfriend girlfriend broke up right away by boat, a pair of sleepy look, feel the director Yang Heng is the story itself did not seem that important, but the connection point of the story is more important. From this we can see that this "nut" is indeed a unique style of youth films. About the director Director Yang Heng Hunan Xiangxi Tujia people, in 1994 graduated from the Hunan Radio and Television University, graduated from the Beijing Film Academy in 2001 professional photography, in 2002 began writing the script and shoot an independent film. He had filmed the movie "bump", "car", "forgotten moments", "nut" is his debut feature film. Legend of betel nut, in the minds of the Dai people in Yunnan Province, is an auspicious symbol of happiness, both young and old like chewing betel nut, and use it to entertain guests. As everyone knows, betel nut is not only delicious, still has some medicinal value. In Dai cottage, still circulating a fascinating story betel nut. Legend has it that at a very early time, Dai has a beautiful and kind girl, Ming Jiaolan incense, she can sing and dance, industrious and virtuous, zhaili boys are particularly fond of her, but the girl he fell in love with "foot drums." Yanfeng best jump. Two people love each other, like a butterfly can not do without flowers. However, in this sweet day, the accident happened, spearmint girl's belly drum up day by day. Thus, the baseless rumor filled the cottage, her lover has left her. Orchid's Edie was angry and sad, pick a bunch of nut to make spearmint swallow, she was dead quiet. Orchid there is unspeakable, a cruel to chew betel nut, swallow stomach. People looked at each other waiting for the arrival of Chen's death spearmint, spearmint saw clutching his stomach in pain, climbed to the woods. However, less than a minute Zhong Gongfu, spearmint but miraculously came out from the woods, but also eliminate the stomach down. She had spit out a Hydra general bugs, there is no pregnancy. People know unjustly spearmint, but also understand the original nut or blindly deworming medicine. There are certain medical efficacy of betel nut, is a traditional medicine blindly. According to Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica" record:. "After heavy betel governance dysentery, confidants such pain, urine gas constipation, phlegm acute asthma, treatment of various malaria Royal quotidian" According to the "doctors do not record" records, betel nut "to kill stomach worms, medical beriberi. "so there are a lot of folk cure belly sis application betel prescription.
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Plant Overview
Herbal name: Areca (betel nut) Commonly used anthelmintic. Dry mature seeds areca palm plants. Mainly produced in Indonesia, Malaysia and China's Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. Betel bitter, acrid, warm. Owned by the stomach, large intestine. Insecticidal efficacy, consumer product, gas, water line. Indications parasitic diseases, such as roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms, ginger and other insects, food product qi stagnation, abdominal pain, bloating, edema, beriberi, malaria and other syndromes. Modern pharmacological experiments show that betel insecticide, anti-viral, anti-fungal treatment of gout, and so on. Some people eat the old hiccups. As is normal now. There just eat produce chest tightness, flushing, reflecting a normal Source seed betel palm plants. Collection Winter, spring fruit when ripe harvest. Picked fruit, the peel peeled, whichever seed, and dried. Medicinal material Dried seed conical or oblate spherical, 1.5 to 3 cm, base diameter of 2 ~ 3 cm, surface yellowish brown or yellow-brown, rough, lighter shaped concave mesh pattern, and sometimes silver plaques like the peel adhesion. Edible Areca fruit can be eaten, dip brine chew chewing who first met Red, chest tightness, is a normal phenomenon Toxicity Arecoline cause excessive salivation, vomiting, urination, lethargy and convulsions, and even chest tightness, sweating, dizziness caused by shock, can not swallow, such as the Department of Oral caused by potassium permanganate solution lavage and atropine. Harm Spit betel juice and residue, will not only affect the city, and unsightly, some unscrupulous betel nut industry, used to do all kinds of tricks to attract customers, especially the "betel nut beauties" everywhere, for the children's physical and mental health and social good morals, have adverse effects. Furthermore, due to the highly profitable sale of betel nut, some people just are not suitable for cultivation of betel nut cultivation hillside wantonly, causing soil erosion, when the typhoon comes, it is prone to landslides, causing loss of life and property. The common hazards: Chewing betel nut, in addition to the teeth black, wear, shaken, gingival recession caused by periodontal disease, oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia, it will also lead to oral cancer. According to the survey, Eighty-eight percent of oral cancer patients have the habit of chewing betel nut. Betel sharply growing population in Taiwan is estimated to have over 260 million people; average age of betel nut who also declined trend; while chewing betel universality from low socio-economic status and working class population, extended to white-collar high-intellectuals. Areca is "betelnut" favorite, farmers in the eyes of the "Green Gold", but it is the biggest killer of Taiwan people's health and water resources. According to Taiwan's betel nut plantations over 50,000 hectares (equivalent to two Taipei large), in addition to causing an annual loss of about 40 million tonnes of water resources and serious damage to woodland outside, people spend a year in the amount of betel nuts as much as 900 million equivalent to half of the cost of highway, quite amazing. Even more frightening is that it's carcinogenic and tumor promotion, but also makes the people of oral cancer, jumped out of the top ten causes of cancer death. So how to promote the prevention and control of betel nut, betel nut reduce people's hobby, has become one of the priorities of health units. · Physical hazards: In addition to possible risk of oral disease, oral cancer, the consumption of excessive amounts produces symptoms, ranging from excitement, eyes dull, shivering, ataxia, bizarre behavior or rude; heavy then lead to acute psychosis, including listening to Magic , self-expansion, forced fantasy, delirium chaos god and so on. · Harm economy: spitting betel nut juice, will be banned fines; edible betel expensive, increase spending burden; medical expenses. · Social harm: eating for a long time, teeth black, red mouth, the appearance is quite indecent. Environmental pollution: the spitting betel juice not only pollute the environment unsightly, spit betel juice bacteria carried by the wind, inhaled into the lungs in public. · Soil and Water Conservation: Since nut trees are shallow-rooted, a large-scale cultivation, would seriously damage soil and water conservation. Processing Areca: pick impurities, soaked with water, changing the water according to the temperature conditions, to thoroughly soak up, picked up, sliced, dry. Fried nut: Take betel nut pieces _set_ the pot, simmer and stir-fry until slightly discolored, remove and let cool. Coke nut: when to use force against betel nut slices fry coke yellow torches, spray water, remove and let cool. Taste Kuxin, warm. Characters To round. Surface with white and brown marble texture was staggered. Hard and brittle brittle. Gas micro, taste astringent and bitter. Meridian spleen, stomach, large intestine. Attending the function Insecticide, breaking product, gas, water line. Pest control product, indigestion, abdominal pain, bloating, weight after dysentery, malaria, edema, beriberi, phlegm, the crux. Specifications First dry. Oblate or conical. Surface light yellow or brown. Quality solid. Section with gray and red-brown marbled staggered. Astringent taste bitter. Each 1000g 160 or fewer. No dead heart, broken, impurities, insects, mildew. Second dry. Oblate or conical. Surface yellow or brown. Quality solid. Section with gray and red-brown marble-like pattern of staggered. Astringent taste bitter. Each 1000g 160 or more, between broken, withered heart does not exceed 5%; mild infestation of water more than 3%. No impurities, mildew.
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Action
Seeds can be used as medicine, insecticidal, breaking product, under the gas, the effectiveness of the water line is one of the "big four Southern medicine" Our precious. Indications parasitic diseases, food product, qi stagnation, dysentery, piperazine citrate, external treatment of glaucoma, chewing eat something stimulant. Areca fruit contains many essential nutrients and beneficial substances, such as fats, nut oils, alkaloids, catechins, choline and other ingredients. Areca has a unique feature Royal malaria, is the ancient healing medicine physicians fruit, another alias "wash miasma Dan" the. Because the quotidian of the disease, usually with eating disorders, qi stagnation knot about the plot, and betel able to lower gas, digestion, expectorant, so the medicinal properties has been widespread concern. Treatment of gout: findings Arecoline gout also has a good effect, but must not excessive chewing betel treatment of gout, because the active ingredient, chewing not only can not absorb too much to chew but also harmful. Currently betel traditional Chinese medicine preparation has been very mature, can be considered in patients with gout.
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Legend of betel nut
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang annexation of the six countries, the pacification of the Central Plains, the bold vision of Qin Shi Huang unified look into the Baiyue south, is now Guangdong and Guangxi. About this war, Qin five hundred thousand troops on the dominant forces in the equipment, it is far more than Baiyue tribal army, but the process of war forced Qin felt hard and never thought prewar Pressure: Under forage difficult to transport, and the southern hot climate for most of the Qin soldiers born in the north pole suited, hundred Vietnamese troops in chief "Translation Calls Song" led and conducted a brutal battle Qin, Qin and Baiyue war, the most difficult problem is to attack the South Vietnamese Qin's food supply problems, so Qin Shi Huang Di Lingshi "chisel Lingqu, building Doumen" communication Xiangjiang and Lijiang, in order to pass food channel. During this period, the two sides formed a confrontation, but a confrontation is 3,4 years. Roughly around 218 BC, Qin Shi Huang had also experienced a touching love story! Something like this happened: As the "spirit ditch" and "Doumen" construction requires a lot of manpower and time, together with the prevailing hot climate, Qin soldiers, mostly northerners, most are now Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other places people, it is suited to this climate, leading to rampant plague soldier camp. One hundred newspaper to see such a situation, a positive and Qin conflict afraid, afraid of their own army dye plague; two can not sit without attack, to the best of both worlds countermeasures job! So "Translation Calls Song" to find both kinds of local famous daughter Satsuki betel nut and herbs, so she mixed tackling the enemy's military barracks, because betel medical functions, the provision of plague appetizer oily solution, after chewing can Anti-plague, with betel nut as a breakthrough point to sneak into enemy is the best way, Satsuki filled up a boat nut and herbs, Qin sent in batches to build "Doumen" project soldiers, and soon afterwards the plague it lifted. Qin Fushuai "Zhao Tuo" reported the matter to the Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor overjoyed to hear that they have to meet this amazing woman, and when he saw the betel nut beauties Satsuki, immediately in front of the woman was shocked, he This woman suddenly feel like a kid know a girl, look at her neck hung a string of areca nut, he thought of it, it's not in their childhood when he met Zhao Handan hostage herbs Girl " A room "What? This time she is wearing a bunch of areca nut, the emperor affectionate to Satsuki said: "I am your A political na!" After Satsuki heard, she cried aloud: "! A government" at this time At the moment, past scenes emerge in front, regardless of the time of her father's opposition, taking care of Arab politics often beaten black and blue, its Aoyao heal, they Liangxiaowucai, alternate feelings, married love. After the return to the state of Qin Ying Zheng, the two never met, after "A Room" was renamed Satsuki came here kind of betel nut for the industry, think of this in this reunion. These days Terracotta A Room with a woman to build "Doumen" Lijiang River mouth play, the two chatted, really talk about anything when it comes to achieve the reunification of China Ying Zheng, the proposed legislation A room female Weifei want, and then receives Lingnan Baiyue. A room I thought, with its endless continuation of the war, the two sides do not as a combined solution, A room of Terracotta female witty to say her idea: she said as long as the Emperor to quell the war, you can stand her Weifei, additionally a condition that 秦军武 the "Tu Sui" must sentenced to death, because "Tu Sui" campaign in the local resistance to human slaughter, must apologize to the dead, so that she can go back to the "Translation Calls Song" confessed! Terracotta listened to feel good, he also gives a condition: after Baiyue be ruled by Qin Empire sent. A woman then go back and head room "translation Calls Song" to discuss countermeasures, the two sides reached a final agreement, "Tu Sui" was launched beheaded Emperor faction "Zhao Tuo" as the king of Yue State in the first generation of the Lingnan included the reunification of China territory. This "chisel Lingqu, building Doumen" to strengthen the control of the Pearl River Basin, improve the basic layout of the land of China; historical records Qin troops after the war, the entire stay in Guangdong and Guangxi, the Qin and the local Inclusion, became the ancestors of the people of Guangdong and Guangxi now a generations guard Lingqu and thirty-six "Doumen." Piece of areca Since then, local people put "Doumen" side to protect them, when after each marriage, both men and women are to betel nut as a token of betrothal, and later Li "put betel" Marriage is thus also legend come.
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Medical books research
By Lee when the "drug record" A "Southern grass-like": betel nut, tree height Shiyu Zhang, Qing Tong-like skin, such as Makino's Day, under the small, the branches is not small, straight Kingston, do if a Mori show no Ko. End top with leaves, banana leaves like Gan, bar pie (pulse) broke open, looking Miao Miao, such as bamboo _insert_ed in the tip of the banana cluster; wind to separate move, move like lupine's sweeping day. Coefficient lower lobe rooms, rooms decorated dozens of real, real big as peaches and plums, born under its spine re-tired, so Yu Wei fact. Taste bitter. Its leather sectional, vend their skin, cooked as consistent, firm as dry dates, to help keep the vine, ancient Ben Gray and food, then slide the United States, under the gas consumer Valley. The Lin Yi. 2 "Treatise on Thunder Gun": Where to make betel nut, take a good save sit tight, strong heart, broken like water breaking text, text such as Kam Man who better. Half black and half white guilty conscience who would not join the medicinal. 3 TaoHongJing: betel nut has three or four: a cross-state, form a small but sweet; Guangzhou south who shaped large and astringent taste; nuclear pigs were also greater betel; make drugs are used. And small who call for the laity betel Sun, but also food. 4 "outline": big belly son of Ridge table, southern Yunnan, the betel nut in a big belly who shaped flat and astringent taste, not like betel long and sharp taste good ear, pig called betel nut is carry on. Also cover the different indigenous, people today are less. By Liu Xun, "Ridge table record" cloud, cross, wide living, non-ship betel nut, all big belly son also, he noted the call for betel nut, soft white and old, the real taste of mining to help keep vines, tile house gray with eat in order to remove quotidian, to close its skin medicine, outer black skin, intradermal are stringless such as coconut skin. And "Yunnan mind" big belly betel cig has three, two hundred, when the cross-section of the green to a betel and Gefen rolls and eat, that is less astringency. This concept that the child with a big belly betel nut may be common, but slightly inferior power than betel ear. 5 "New Materia Medica": betel nut, spicy, bitter, temperature, drop, 阴中阳 also non-toxic. Rupi, stomach, colon, lung IV. After elimination Mizutani, expectorant addiction, only heartache, killing three worms, cure heavy as God, fall under various rage, designed to break stagnation gas downstream. If too many clothes, anti-diarrhea chest-high in the air. Good eliminate malaria, two people still bite of Guangdong as the beginning. The ancients suspect its consumption infuriating, advising people to tone the stomach, but quit eating betel nut. This also see the words, but also on non-pass. Lingnan smoke miasma of the land, its Snake poison gas, steam potential by inflammation atmosphere, the throughput in the mountains Mizutani, while Sam Rainsy water miasma of gas, together and invade people, who immediately dizziness, nausea and satiety. Non-betel nut mouth bite, and how fast solution almost. Heaven and Earth, there is a poison, is bound to produce a substance to the rescue. Gas betel positive sense of the world, that was born between the two in Guangdong, Guangdong original so save two people also.
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Movie "betel"
Chinese Title: betel nut English Title: Betelnut Director: Yang Heng Screenplay: Yang Heng Producer: Yang Heng Starring: Tian Liang Wu On behalf of the flag Clips: Tian Kun Publisher: Xiangxi Film Bridge Genre: Drama Music: Wu Running time: 112 minutes Synopsis This is the story of two poor teenagers boring life. Different from other teen movie, the movie "nut" No sunny youth story, nor passionate love story, some just do not have the future of youth portraits. Stealing motorcycles, grab a child money, the gang war, childish love, two teenagers living the director Yang Heng summer shoot pictures just like the same landscape. Boating movie scenes as if the memories of the summer afternoon. They still can not see the future, as if, like a leisurely vacation. This is the director stressed that the focus of peace rather than despair. See the movie with her boyfriend girlfriend broke up right away by boat, a pair of sleepy look, feel the director Yang Heng is the story itself did not seem that important, but the connection point of the story is more important. From this we can see that this "nut" is indeed a unique style of youth films. About the director Director Yang Heng Hunan Xiangxi Tujia people, in 1994 graduated from the Hunan Radio and Television University, graduated from the Beijing Film Academy in 2001 professional photography, in 2002 began writing the script and shoot an independent film. He had filmed the movie "bump", "car", "forgotten moments", "nut" is his debut feature film. There are certain medical efficacy of betel nut, is a traditional medicine blindly. According to Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica" record:. "After heavy betel governance dysentery, confidants such pain, urine gas constipation, phlegm acute asthma, treatment of various malaria Royal quotidian" According to the "doctors do not record" records, betel nut "to kill stomach worms, medical beriberi. "so there are a lot of folk cure belly sis application betel prescription.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000
Areca Pinyin: Binglang English name: SEMENARECAE Page number: 2000 edition -299 This product areca palm plants ArecacatechuL. Dried ripe seeds. Late spring to early autumn harvest mature Fruit, boiled after drying, remove the peel, remove seeds and dried. [Character] The goods Chengbian spherical or conical, high 1.5 ~ 3.5cm, bottom diameter 1.5 ~ 3cm. Surface yellowish Brown or reddish brown, with slightly concave grooves mesh bottom center of the circular depression bead hole, which has an obvious scar beside Hilum scar-like. Quality hard, not broken, marble-like pattern section visible brown seed coat with white endosperm white. Gas Micro, taste astringent, bitter. Identification (1) cross-section of the product: the organization since the beginning of the seed coat, the outer layer, the outer tangential to extend the number of columns in the flat stone Cells containing red-brown material, stone cell shapes, sizes, often intercellular spaces; inner sum of parenchyma cells, With brown material, and a few scattered vascular bundles. Perisperm narrow, inner and outer seed coat often _insert_ed into the endosperm endosperm, Formed into the wrong tissue; white endosperm cells, polygonal, wall thickness, large pits, oil drops and aleurone. (2) take the powder 8g, add concentrated ammonia solution 4ml, chloroform 50ml, ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, filtered, the residue 10ml chloroform and washed once combined chloroform solution, placed in a separatory funnel, 5ml of water and dilute hydrochloric acid 20ml, shaking, stars Take acidic water layer, washed once with chloroform 10ml, discard the chloroform solution, add concentrated ammonia solution to adjust the pH value of about 9, shaking extraction with chloroform 2 times, each 10ml, combined chloroform solution evaporated, the residue dissolved in methanol 1ml, as the test solution. Another Betel control medicine, with the legal system drug solution. Thin layer chromatography (Appendix Ⅵ B) test, draw the two Kinds of solution 5μl, respectively, in the same silica gel G plate with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate - concentrated ammonia solution (7.5: 7.5:0.2) as the agent, _set_ the commencement of pre-saturated ammonia vapor cylinder, started out hot air drying, spray with dilute iodide Bismuth potassium test solution. Test products for chromatography, and the corresponding position in the reference drug chromatography was the same orange-red spots. [Check] Determination of water according to water (Appendix Ⅸ H first method), not more than 10.0%. Determination of content of this product meal about 8g, accurately weighed, _set_ stoppered conical flask, add ether 80ml, shaking After adding ammonia solution 4ml, shake for 10 minutes, add anhydrous sodium 10g, shake for 5 minutes, standing once the precipitation, get the ether solution, Separatory funnel, and the residue was washed with ether three times, each 10ml, the combined ether solution, talcum powder 0.5g, shaken 3 stars Bell, water 2.5ml, shaken for 3 minutes, allowed to stand, the ether solution to the upper clarified dispensing ether, and the aqueous layer was washed with a little ether Polyester, combined ether solution was evaporated to a low temperature of about 20ml, displacing the separating funnel, precision by adding sulfuric acid titration solution (0.01mol / L) 20ml, shaking extraction, standing Once stratified, the ether layer was taken, washed with ether layer was washed with water and shaken three times, each 5ml, washings were combined With acid, filtered, washed with water filter, combined with the acid wash, add a few drops of methyl red indicator solution, titrated with sodium hydroxide Solution (0.02mol / L) titration. Each 1ml of sulfuric acid titration solution (0.01mol / L) is equivalent to 3.104mg of arecoline (C8H13NO2). This product is on dry goods, including ether-soluble alkaloid arecoline (C8H13NO2), shall not be less than 0.30%. [Cooked] betel remove impurities, soak, run through, cut into thin slices, dried. Take fried betel nut pieces, according to Fried (Appendix Ⅱ D) stir-fry until slightly yellow. [Meridian] taste and bitter, acrid, warm. Owned by the stomach, large intestine. 【Functions and Indications insecticide consumer product, reducing gas, water line, cut malaria. For tapeworms, roundworms, fasciolopsiasis, insects Abdominal pain, Indigestion dysentery, tenesmus, edema, beriberi, malaria. [Usage and dosage] 3 ~ 9g; taeniafuge, Fasciolopsis 30 ~ 60g. [Storage] ventilated and dry place, moth.
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Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition
Name: Areca Pinyin: Binglang English name: SEMEN ARECAE Base of the original: This product areca palm plants Areca catechu L. dried ripe seeds. Late spring to early autumn harvest ripe fruit, boiled after drying, remove the peel, remove seeds and dried. Properties: This product was spherical or conical fan, high 1.5-3.5cm, bottom diameter of 1.5-3cm. Surface yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, with a slightly concave grooves mesh bottom center of the circular depression bead hole, which has an obvious scar-like beside hilum. Quality hard, not broken, marble-like pattern section visible brown seed coat with white endosperm white. Gas micro, ignorant astringent, slightly bitter flavor. Identification: (1) cross-section of the product: the organization since the beginning of the seed coat, the outer layer, the outer tangential to extend the number of columns in the flat stone cells containing red-brown material, stone cell shapes, sizes, often intercellular spaces; inner number of columns parenchyma cells, including red-brown material, and a few scattered vascular bundles. Perisperm narrow, inner and outer seed coat into the endosperm endosperm often formed into the wrong tissue; white endosperm cells, polygonal, wall thickness, large pits, oil drops and aleurone. (2) take the powder 8g, add concentrated ammonia solution 4ml, plus chloroform 50ml, ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, filtered, washed with 10ml chloroform residue once combined chloroform solution, placed in dispensers funnel, add dilute hydrochloric acid and water, 5ml 20ml, shaking, dispensing acidic water layer was washed once with 10ml of chloroform, chloroform solution was discarded, concentrated ammonia solution added to adjust pH to about 9, trichloroacetic Methane shaking extraction, each 10ml, combined chloroform solution evaporated, the residue dissolved in methanol 1ml, as the test solution. Another Penang reference drug, the same method as the reference drug solution. Thin layer chromatography (Appendix Ⅵ B) experiment, to learn the two solutions 5μl, respectively, in the same silica gel G plate with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate - concentrated ammonia solution (7.5:7.5:0.2 ) as the agent, _set_ the commencement of pre-saturated ammonia vapor cylinder, started out hot air drying, spray with dilute bismuth potassium iodide test solution. Test products for chromatography, and the corresponding position in the reference drug chromatography was the same orange-red spots. Check: Determination of water according to water (Appendix Ⅸ H first method), not more than 10.0%. Determination: Take this product meal about 8g, accurately weighed, _set_ stoppered Erlenmeyer flask, add ether 80ml, add ammonia solution after shaking 4ml, shake for 10 minutes, add anhydrous sodium 10g, shake for 5 minutes, Once the precipitate was allowed to stand to separate the ether solution in a separatory funnel, and the residue was washed with diethyl ether three times, each 10ml, the combined ether solution, talcum powder 0.5g, shaken for 3 minutes, add water, 2.5ml, was shaken for 3 minutes , allowed to stand, the ether solution to the upper clarified dispensing ether, and the aqueous layer was washed with small quantities of ether, the combined ether solution was evaporated to a low temperature of about 20ml, displacing a separatory funnel, precision by adding sulfuric acid titrant (0.01mol / L) 20ml, shaking extraction, standing Once stratified, the ether layer was taken, washed with water and the ether layer was shaken three times, each 5ml, combined with acid washing, filtration, washing the filter with water and the washings were combined acid, add a few drops of methyl red indicator solution, (0.02mol / L) titration with sodium hydroxide. Each 1ml of sulfuric acid titration solution (0.01mol / L) is equivalent to 3.104mg of arecoline (C8H13NO2). This product is on dry goods, including ether-soluble alkaloid arecoline (C8H13NO2), shall not be less than 0.30%. Processing methods: Betel remove impurities, soak, run through, cut into thin slices, dried. Take fried betel nut pieces, according to Fried (Appendix Ⅱ D) stir-fry until slightly yellow. Taste: Bitter, acrid, warm. Meridian: Owned by the stomach, large intestine. Efficacy: Insecticide consumer product, reducing gas, water line, cut malaria. Indications: For tapeworms, roundworms, fasciolopsiasis, insect abdominal pain, Indigestion dysentery, tenesmus, edema, beriberi, malaria. Dosage: 3-9g; taeniafuge, Fasciolopsis 30-60g. Storage: Ventilated and dry place, moth. Western medicine Category: Chinese medicine (herbs and Pieces)
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Flowers encyclopedia
Betel introduction Betel nut (Areca catechu) Genus: Areca palm genus Alias: White betel, areca nut, betel door Characteristics: Form dry straight, unbranched. Pinnate, clusters of branches, leaves the majority of small, narrowly lanceolate. Spadix. Flowers white, aroma. Nuts oblong, orange-red. Flowering from March to August, the fruit of December - the following year in May. Distribution and habits: Origin and distribution of widely distributed in tropical Asia and the Americas tropical, subtropical, Australia. Habits hi hot and humid tropical climate, not cold, the general temperature of 16 degrees, there deciduous phenomenon, 5 degrees will be affected by frost, optimum growth temperature is 24-26 degrees. Requires abundant and evenly distributed rainfall, with annual rainfall of about 2.000 mm is appropriate. Propagation and cultivation: Requires deep soil, water and strong, well-drained, organic-rich alluvial soil or loam, sandy loam can also adapt. Application: Use one of betel nut is a typical tropical species. If planted in with the water, reflection handsome; planted in the bridge, clean lines composition is excellent tropical tree species; unripe fruit, tropical regions of many people for chewing material. Seeds can be used as medicine. Photo:
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
binglang Areca betel nut The main active ingredient is a plant alkaloid, name arecoline, 0.1% to 0.5%, and get rid of tapeworms and Fasciolopsis role. Make tapeworm head and anterior paralysis. High pork tapeworm tapeworm and short cure rate, the lower the efficacy of the beef tapeworm, if combined with pumpkin seeds increased efficacy.
n.: Betel nut, betel palm, tropical Asian plant whose leaf is chewed with the betel-nut, betel
French Expression
n. aréquier (Areca catechu);
arec, noix de bétel
Thesaurus
binlang, binlangyu, binmen, binnan, jianbin, renpin, Bin Door, Bin door Drug preserves, white Betel nut, Olive e, binlangren, xizhangdan, dafuzi, potbelly Betel nut, betel nut, majinnan, qingzai, langyu