Deciduous shrub or small tree, leaves ovate or oblong, dense fur on the back, color white, or slightly pink, fruits with aroma, sweet sour, for food or medicine.
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No. 2
Name 榵 梜 Alias quince Latin name cydonia cblonga Family Rosaceae The genus name is Rongjia Geographic distribution: in Asia, China introduced a long time cultivated Characteristics: deciduous small tree. Young branches have fluff. Leaves oval or oblong, dark green surface, the back of the densely tomentose. Flowers solitary Acremonium, white or pink. Fruit pear-shaped, yellow, fragrant. Flowering from April to May. Growth habit: hi light and half shade tolerant. Adaptable, hardy. On the soil loose, well-drained land in general can be cultivated. Captive breeding: with sowing, cuttings or layering propagation can be. Before the transplant should be deciduous or sprout, the seedlings need to stay general soil, seedlings need to bring soil ball. Budding force still strong, and can pruning. The main pests are large bagworm, slug and aphids. Landscape uses: Rongjia luxuriant foliage, pink flowers, like glow, yellow fruit, with a fragrant. Suitable for solitary plant hospital after vestibular watch. Seedlings can be pear, quince, apple dwarfing rootstock, grafted on loquat can enhance cold tolerance. Fruit is used medicinally. [Alias] wooden plow [Source] Rosaceae genus Rong Rong Jia Jia cydonia oblonga mill., To fruit medicine. After harvesting, dry. [Sexual flavor to the sweet, sour, warm. [Indications] dampness hot weather, Shujin. For heat injury, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion, joint pain, calf cramps. Dosage 1.5-3 money. [Excerpt] "National Herbal Compendium" Introduction Section First, the economic significance Rongjia (cydonia oblonga mill.) In Europe, Central Asia, China, Xinjiang is one of the oldest fruit trees. Aromatic Sauvignon fruit contains a variety of nutrients, typically containing 15.5-23.9% dry matter, sugar 8-9.6%, some varieties up to 10.7%. Which glucose 1.96-2.37%, 6.05-6.49% fructose, sucrose 0.38-1.58%, malic acid 0.93%, 1.86% vitamins, minerals 0.47-5.5%. Has a special scent when fresh. Xinjiang people for "pilaf" sauce, which taste delicious, considered the finest foods. Fruits contain more tannin (approximately 0.32%), cellulose and pectin (1.1-2.3%), etc., although astringent raw food hard feeling, but the fruit is very good on the food industry raw materials used to produce jellies, jams, candied fruits, fruit juices, canned food, as well as candy, snacks, green their names and other foods. As the fruit surface uneven, Guoxin large, multi-pulp stone cells, when manufacture, use part accounts for about 50-60% of the fresh weight of the fruit. Rongjia fruit contains catechins, phosphorus and other types of hormone active substances, and more content than other pome fruit, can promote blood vessel strength to ensure human health. Chinese medicine believes Rongjia warm, non-toxic, there is dampness, hot weather, getting a vivid, digestion and treatment of heat stroke, vomiting and diarrhea, bloating, joint pain, cramps, indigestion embolism role. Smashed fruit, juice treated, can cure nameless throat. Xinjiang Chinese medicine, 榵 梜 fruit, leaves, roots, branches and other parts can be used as medicine, have a certain effect on bronchitis and other 14 kinds of diseases. Ying coffin often as dwarf pear rootstocks, widely used around the world. Affinity with the Chinese pear varieties is not strong, the general pear rootstock as an intermediate, upper reaches dwarf pear cultivars grafted Chinese cultivation purposes. Second, the cultivation history and current situation Rongjia origin in Asia, Iran, the Soviet Caucasus, Turkey and other places, is an ancient species. In Georgia, Accel Azerbaijan, Armenia, China's Xinjiang widely cultivated orchards. Our country has a long history of introducing Rong Jia, Jin, Tang, Song generations are recorded. According to "Xijing" records, that planted the Han Shanglinyuan Rongjia, then known as "Man-sik." "Jin officer Que mind" (3rd century AD) reads: "Waring inherent Ringo twelve, Rongjia six." Song "Materia Medica" contains: "Rongjia old vain as the state soil, now closed Shaanxi have, complanatus out who is better, in fact, probably class cross, but slow and hairy skin, sweet taste. "many native fruit trees as far as when ancient human spread of mutual cultural and economic exchanges, Xinjiang is located in the ancient times." Silk Road "hub Rongjia cultivation when compared with mainland provinces earlier. Now the South, northern country are cultivated in Aksu, Kashgar, Hotan, Kezilesu, Korla and other distributed more, which Kashi, Shule, Shufu, Aksu, Yarkand and other counties are concentrated in Lufthansa vehicles, as well as in Aksu, a small Rongjia Park, the other around the mostly mixed planting orchards or sporadic cultivation. Northern distribution is minimal. Rongjia in Shaanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guizhou and other provinces are also small-scale cultivation. 1936 Frenchman from France introduced Mr. Jha righteous Rongjia two types, one is Angers (angers) Rongjia, small fruit; major dwarfing rootstock for pear, which is now used by the provinces, "Yunnan Rongjia", because Long-term cultivation has been adapted to local climatic conditions, growth is good. Another is the only wood wave Rongjia (champion), large fruit, the Lord make fresh, has broken species. Third, the development of future Rongjia in Central Asia and the Xinjiang region since ancient times as the cultivation of fruit production. Rong Jia is an important raw material in the food industry, but also a valuable medicine. Current 榵 梜 very few in cultivation around in the market as treasures. Future should actively introduce fresh and processed fruit varieties with big, rich fruit supply market categories and meet the needs of the people are becoming ever more growth. Europe, the United States secret dwarf pear cultivation, most are using Rongjia as short anvil. If 90% of the French foreign adoption Rongjia dwarfing pear, West Germany's foreign newly planted pear trees are all dwarf. U.S. uses ema anvil and anvil Prune dwarf Vince 榵 梜 larger area under cultivation. Soviet secret garden dwarf pear fruit stand in the Crimea, in the third year after planting yield 1075.5kg, 10-year yield 8966kg. Grafted on 梜 榵 pear, fruit coloring is good, look beautiful, sugar content was 9.71%, acid content of 0.057%. And Joe of anvil on pear sugar content of 8.94%, acid content of 0.068%. Currently, many countries have actively carried out 榵 梜 breeding work, the British East Maolin Experiment Station 榵 梜 into ema, b, c, d, e, f, g, etc. 7 types, lay the foundation for practical applications. However, the affinity 榵 梜 anvil and Chinese pears poor. It should be noted for future use as a study of Chinese pears 榵 梜 anvil to create conditions for the realization of dwarf close and intensive cultivation of Chinese pears. Section II of the main types and varieties First, the type of Rongjia alias quite Tan, wedge quince, than it (Xinjiang Uyghur), quince (Henan). Rosaceae (rosaceae) Rongjia genus (cydonia) fruit. This is only one. Tree shrub or small tree, up to 8m, round-shaped crown, often twisted trunk texture. Annual branches thin unarmed, densely tomentose when tender, after shedding. 2 years old branches purple-brown, with sparse lenticels, winter buds small, a few scales, outside pubescent. Leaves oval to oblong, 5-l0cm, wide 3-5cm, apex acute, dilute slightly concave, base rounded or heart-shaped, entire, glabrous above or sparsely pubescent when young, dark green The following densely villous, veins significantly Leaves alternate. Petiole length 0.8-1.5cm, pubescent. Stipules membranous, caducous. Corolla diameter 4-5cm, pure white, solitary sprig on top. Calyx campanulate, sepals reverse, longer than calyx tube, inside and outside are fluff. Petals obovate, about 20 stamens, styles 5, free, base densely long hair. The fruits are flat round, obovate, pomegranate-shaped, diameter 3-8cm, yellow, densely short nap, have a special flavor, sepals persistent, reflexed. 5 ventricle, every room has a majority ovules, stalk short and thick, outside tomentose, 2n = 34. Fruit surface with irregular longitudinal ribs (fruit ditch) 5-7, wipe peel pubescent, smooth skin, brown fruit on point. Flesh coarse, slightly astringent Pickle, seeds plump, red-brown, hard. 榵 梜 long cultivated throughout Europe and Asia, has been formed in many variants, about five major variants, namely; 榵 梜 apple-shaped, pear 榵 梜, pyramid 榵 梜, big leaf 榵 梜, variegated leaves 榵 梜 so on. United make history in Xinjiang, such as survey and found that the tumor shape Rongjia a terrier type, together described as follows: (A) apple-shaped Rongjia (var.maliformis schneid.) Fruit is oblate, spherical or inverted cone. Xinjiang, about two varieties. (B) pear-shaped Rongjia (var.pyriformis rehd.) Fruit obovate, pear-shaped, Xinjiang, about three varieties. (C) stem tumor shape Rongjia fruit is round or cylindrical, green stems protruding or sunken portion of the nodules. Xinjiang, about four varieties. (D) tower Rongjia (var.pyramidalis sehneid.) Tower tree is upright branches, leaves become yellow in winter, eating pickled fruit for the Lord. (E) large leaf Rongjia (var.1usitanica schneid.) Fruit is pear-shaped ocean, starting with sharp blades big, strong. (Six) Variegated Rongjia (var.rnarmorata schneid.), Also known as mosaic Rongjia leaves macular or white. (A) pear-shaped Rongjia 1. Snout 榵 梜 Distributed in Yanqi Hui Autonomous County. Shushi weak, small crown, mesenchymal pale, section short. 14-year-old tree height 3.8m, crown diameter 2.6-2.85m. - Years old branches average length 51 cm, blade length 4.1cm, width 3.6cm, petioles about 0.8cm. Yang pear-shaped fruit, green yellow, gray carpet hair part, stems Department has five prismatic projections, the shape of snout. Longitudinal diameter 5.3cm, diameter 5.8cm, the average weight of 76g. Mature earlier than other varieties of 10 days. Ventricle 5 seeds 4-24 tablets. Yellow-white flesh, sweet and sour flavor, the meat thick, water in more flavor. 2. Yellow 榵 梜 Lectra than Uyghur race also. Distribution is more widespread, more Aksu Prefecture. The tree is large, 14-year-old tree height 4.6m, crown diameter of 3.6-2.3m. The average length of a year old branches 62.9cm. Leaves wide flat round, flat, red veins. Flowers large, red bud. Yang pear-shaped fruit, longitudinal diameter 5.8cm, diameter 6.7cm,: average weight 93.8g, pedicle five projections obvious. Peel than the yellow, thick pile carpets, yellow not falling. Flesh is yellow, crisp and dense. Less sweet juice, soluble solids of 12.7%. Guoxin small spacing is small, peach closed. (B) the apple-shaped Rongjia 1. Apple 榵 梜 Uighur Alma ratio is also distributed more common, more Aksu Prefecture. Wang vigor, large crown, 14-year-old tree height 3.5m, the average length of a year old branches 80.4cm. Leaves thick, large, long-oval, leaf length 5.9cm, width 4.6cm. Petiole short, long 0.65cm. Leaves thin, thick hair back. Fruit flat or round, longitudinal diameter 5.05cm, diameter 5.68cm, moderately large. Calyx deep in wide, brown and gray velvet carpets, easy to fall off. White yellow flesh, pith large spacing is also great. Ventricle 5, round closed. Crude meat juice less tasteless, soluble solids 10%. Mature in late September. 2. Buck 榵 梜 Uighur Niagara ratio is also located in Aksu Prefecture. Leaves long oval, large and flat leaves on short branches, smaller branches developed leaves. Long 5.1crn, width 4.1cm. Petioles about 0.9 cm. Lighter vein. Obconic fruit, calyx weeks ditch obvious edge, micro cracks outward, like a buck. Fruit is large, longitudinal diameter 8.0cm, diameter 6.9cm. Calyx deeper, felt Velvet thin, pale brown, easy to fall off. Pith large spacing is small, round closed. White yellow flesh, flesh crisp, juicy, sweet and sour taste, fine quality, flavor, soluble solids content of 13.5%, mature in mid-October. (C) stem tumor shape Rongjia 1. Grooves 榵 梜 Distribution Shache County. Fruit flat round, vertical diameter 6.3cm, diameter 7.4cm. Stems with green warty bumps, peel green or yellow, with large Rongjia phase approximation. Fruit surface longitudinal groove 10 is very obvious. Velvet felt thin, dark yellow. Calyx broad and deep, there are remnants of petals. The flesh is yellow, sweet and fragrant, microstrip sour meat larger Rongjia loose, watery, dark brown seeds. 2. Green 榵 梜 Distributed in Shache County and Luntai. A larger crown, opened. Leaf length 6.5cm, width 5.2cm, petioles about 1.3cm. Short conical fruit, longitudinal diameter 6.6cm, diameter 6.8cm. Pedicle green tubercles. Puree the fruit surface mat is thin, easy to fall off. Remaining petals, calyx broad and deep. Beige flesh, meat tough, little juice, sweet and sour taste, flavor concentration. Ventricle 5-7 seeds are more brown, soluble solids 14%. 3. Mentioning contained grams Rongjia Located in the outskirts of Kashgar. Crown 梜 smaller than the big 榵, opened, leaf length 8.3cm, width 7.2cm, petiole length 1.4cm, large leaves. Fruit spherical or flat circular, longitudinal diameter 6.4cm, diameter 7.3cm. Fruit surface grooves irregular, uneven. Peel Green Velvet felt thick, gray, not falling. Ministry of green stems tumors, flat. Sepals remnants, calyx wide shallow. White yellow flesh, taste sweet and sour, astringent and sour, juicy, thick pine meat, still on the green or yellow-green after storage, dark brown seeds. Fruit into heat after long-term in a tree does not fall very resistant storage. Section III biological characteristics First, the growth habit results Rongjia small fruit trees or shrubs, usually a height of about 3-5m, sometimes up to 8m. But as with pear rootstocks after Grafting with crown dwarf, early, good quality, storage, and other characteristics. Because different types of dwarf pear very different degree of difficulty and reproduction. According to the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Pomology Information: Yunnan Rongjia the short, three-year seedling height 1.45 m; Zhengzhou Rongjia followed by high 2.76m; Albania Rongjia growth potential over the Yunnan Rongjia slightly stronger, cutting survival rate is slightly lower; Shijiazhuang Rongjia developed root system, the survival rate of moderate, superior adaptability Rongjia Yunnan, Yunnan Xi'an Rong Rong Jia Jia survival rate of 1/3, but a small crown, root system, strong resistance, Xinjiang, Shanxi Rongjia survival low, but the cold and strong, can be used for dwarfing rootstock breeding and cultivation of cold material. Rongjia sprouting ability of cuttings root easily type available division propagation. 5-6 years after planting seedlings begin result of the flourishing ,15-36 years, generally results in more external canopy, are the size of the phenomenon. 36-year-old trees strains produced about 50kg. In early April in southern Xinjiang pumping leaves, late flowering, fruit _set_ in early May, the rapid growth of new shoots in late June to stop the growth of fruit ripening ,9-October, mid-November leaves. Second, environmental conditions 榵 梜 mix of strict requirements on the environment, climate and strong adaptability, whether clay or sand can grow, but grow well in sandy loam, results and more. Xinjiang Rongjia cold and strong, in the short term appears -30 ℃ low temperature, normal growth can result. When to about -35 ℃, annual frost occurs branches, trees aboveground froze, then the pear is also affected by frost damage. Thus, in the cold hardiness of pear cultivation and as a rootstock is entirely possible. Xinjiang 榵 梜 salt tolerance in better growth performance of seedlings and trees from observation, all Bunge, sieversii, wheat can be grown in the region, 榵 梜 could well grow. Generally resistant to 0.3-0.4% saline soils, saline land can be used for production. IV characteristic cultivation A reproductive technology There sowing, cuttings, layering, division, grafting and other methods. (A) seeding method In late March when the reservoir sand spit white part of the seed can be sown. 1-1.2 kg per acre seeding rate, seedling 7000-8000 strains. (B) cutting method Important breeding method is commonly used.榵 梜 cuttings survival rate varies greatly in different regions, including Yunnan 榵 梜 highest survival rate for 77-82%, followed by Xi'an, Luda 榵 梜 were 30% and 15.4%, all other regions 榵 梜10% or less.榵 梜 type, site conditions, cutting length, cutting branches age is the main factor affecting the survival rate. Loose soil extent and level of temperature and humidity is an important condition for survival. Yunnan 榵 梜 cuttings in the soil about 15cm at ground temperature 16 ℃, the optimum temperature for rooting. About a month after rooting cuttings, produced when a large number of new roots, but also turn vigorous shoot growth. Cuttings _select_ion substantial annual or biennial branches, about 15 cm.