"Songs of the South," also known as "Chu Ci" is the great poet Qu Yuan, the Warring States period to create a verse. The use of Chu works (now lakes area) of the literary style, dialect, rhyme, Narrations Chu mountains figures, historical style, with strong local characteristics. Han Dynasty, the Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan and Song Yu, who works "inherit Qu Yuan," edited into a _set_ of works, called "Songs of the South." And become the "Book of Songs" after the far-reaching impact on China of a literary poetry collection. Chu, Chu its original meaning refers to the words, then gradually fixed in two meanings: First, the genre of poetry, one collection of poems in the name (and to some extent, also on behalf of the state of Chu literature.) From the poetry genre, it is represented by the late Warring States to the poet Qu Yuan in the Chu Guomin songs created on the basis of a new Poetry. From the total _set_ name, it is the basis of the Western Han Liu Xiang in the previous one featuring the "Songs of the South" the body of the poetry collection, revenue Warring States Chu Yuan, Song Yu's work, and Han Yi, Huainan hill, Zhuang Ji , Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Morohito imitation show works. In the Han Dynasty, also known as speech or Chu Fu. Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan, Song Yu, and Han Huainan hill work, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang, who inherited the imitation of Qu Yuan, Song Yu's works were compiled into a _set_ of 16, known as "Songs of the South." Chu Suiyou the name of a collection of poems. Since Qu Yuan's "Lament" is "Songs of the South" masterpiece, it is also known as Chu Sao Sao, or. Romantic Poetry Collection "Songs of the South" as China's first romantic poetry collection, poetry in the form of the song in the Chu Guomin formed the basis of processing, but also a large number of papers cited in the climate and natural resources and Chu dialect vocabulary, so called "Songs of the South" . "Songs of the South" is mainly the works of Qu Yuan, whose masterpiece is the "Lament", later is also called "Songs of the South" to "Sao." Western Han Dynasty,, Liu Xiang collect Qu Yuan, Song Yu, who works, compiled into a _set_. "Chu Ci" far-reaching impact on later literature, not only opened later Fu, and prose of history, is the creation of a positive source of romantic poetry. "Songs of the South" is the first romantic poetry collection is the main author of Chu Yuan. He created the "Lament", "Nine Songs" "Nine," "Heaven" and other immortal works. Under the influence of Qu Yuan, Chu has generated Yu, Donlar, King of Chu of the poor. The existing "Chu" total concentration, mainly the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu; Donlar, King works most of the poor not passed down. Chu characteristics, Song Huang Bosi in the "Calibration Chu sequence," In summary: "cover all Sao Qu and Song, Chu language books are for Chu sound, recorded Chu, Chu things were, Gu can be described as the 'Songs' . "This statement is correct. Besides, "Chu Ci" Qu, Song works involved in the historical legends, myths, customs, Customs and the use of artistic means, rich lyrical style, all with a distinctive color of Chu culture. This is the basic characteristics of Songs, which are illuminated and the Central Plains culture, an important part of Chu culture. Chu Literature Collection Series Han Liu Xiang, Han Wang Yi Chapters. The original collection Chu Yuan, Song Yu and Han Huainan hill, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Fu and others a total of sixteen, after the entry has been made by Wang Yi "Nine thinking", as seventeen. The book in the works of Qu Yuan, of which "Lament," "Nine Songs," "Heaven" and other articles of historical data preserved and more myths and legends, history of reference for governance. Qu Yuan (about 278 before the 339 ~ about before), were flat. Beginning left only grandson, Sam Lo doctor. Advocated exposing the result of the testimonies, the virtuous empowerment, Qi Gang Qin, vanilla and little children by huai Jin Shang et al traduce destroyed and dismissed. Hectare entered, the Qu Yuan was banished, he was unable to save Chu peril, and could not achieve a political ideal, then vote Miluo River died. "Lament" is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan. Political Lyrics in this magnificent performance of the ideal of progress, in order to achieve the ideal and the tireless struggle, and struggles and _set_backs encountered in their distress. Qu Yuan to express feelings is often cited by the history and find the lessons learned, "the Don, runs the risk of the system after three, the next sequence, Jie, Zhou, Yi, cast of lost, Ji-jun awareness, anti in the right way and also with yourself." Which history books in some places can be added to each other reference cards, such as "Lament," says: "Debate with Nine Nine Kai Xi, Xiakang longitudinal self-entertainment. despite the difficult figure after the fortune, five children with a loss of almost Wenjiaxiang. kinky tour to Yi Yi Tin Xi, and good shooting day closure Fox. Solid end the fresh turbulence Xi, Zhuo greedy husband Jue home. pouring body linen strong prince Yu Xi, lust and the bear. day of recreational self-forgetting Xi, Jue Britain's first meteorite with a husband . The often illegal Xi Xia Jie, Yan and every calamity is then. "Xia described in this section is very complete history, with" Zuo Zhuan "see each other, and make" Records of the summer of the Millennium, "speaks Yi, Zhuo of things omissions. In addition, from the "Li Sao" and on Xi, Wang Shu, Fei Lian, Hong Leong, Mi Fei's account can also be seen a glimpse of ancient myths and legends; and "Photo provided Zou Xi Chen on Mon, CD GY Wu dynasty" , is the research of ancient astronomy and calendar information. "Nine Songs" This is the ancient songs, the legendary XIA Qi stolen from the sky. Folk Ritual Songs of Qu Yuan in the creation of the basis of "Nine Songs", Xi Yong names of ancient songs, a total of eleven. God save them on the cloud, mountain, Xiang God, the river god, the sun god myths, etc., is the study of ancient Chu culture, folklore and valuable information. Historic Status Meanwhile, Chu Chu and the South and the North Central Plains culture and cultural product of the combination. After the Spring and Autumn has always been known as Jing Man, the increasingly powerful state of Chu. Its aspirations to the Central Plains, the process of hegemony princes frequent contact with the Northern countries, and promote a wide range of North-South cultural exchanges, Chu has also been a profound impact on the North Central Plains culture. It is this confluence of cultures north and south, gave birth to this great poet Qu Yuan and the "Songs of the South" This colorful great poems. "Songs of Chu" in Chinese poetry played an important role. It appears, breaking the "Book of Songs" after two or three centuries of silence in poetry shine. Future generations will therefore "The Book of Songs" and "Songs of the South" and called the Wind, show. Fifteen wind means the wind, on behalf of "The Book of Songs", full of realism; show that "Lament", on behalf of "Songs of the South", full of romantic atmosphere. Wind, show a classical Chinese poetry of realism and romanticism of the creation of two schools. Songs List Sao Nine Buju Fisherman Heaven IX excursion Evocation attracts the nine argued swear Hermits seven remonstrance cherish sorrow sigh when ordered nine nine nine pregnant thinking Nine Songs: East Huangtai a cloud Dongjun Jun Xiang Jun Xiang Fu Bo NPC Siming Siming Mountain Ghost little soul of the War Ceremony IX: Xi River of Sorrow chanting pumping Sihuaishasi beauty Xi Ying Ju Song sad old days return air Seven remonstrance: Chen Jiang blame the early release from the sad life thinking the world complain admonished Samuel said chaos Nine pregnant: Jun Zhao Wei Kuang machine access storage Buddha Ka Ying Sizhong said Tao Yongzhuzhaoluan Nine sigh: Every divergent thinking there anymore unfortunately passed away resentment Min Yin sorrows life's deep excursion Nine thinking: Every blame on the disease, especially the children of Benjamin on the world when Zaoe Mourning Mourning injured chaos chaos-year-old said Shouzhi Formation of Culture and Chu Chu Yellow River Basin with the Yangtze River as long ago gave birth to the ancient culture. After the national rise of Chu, a representative of the local culture. Later than the Shang Dynasty, Chu had a relationship with the northern regime; to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, is said to vend Bear had "sub-something King Wen" Later, they were as Yi Xiong Wang Feng in the Chu ("Chu family Historical Records"). It should be understood as the actual control of Chu Zhou Dynasty Jianghan region recognition. To the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu rapid development and expansion, mergers and the size of the Yangtze River in many nations, becoming enough to compete with the power of the Central Plains. Chuzhuang Wang is one of the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, once there take the Central Plains of the North blog. Warring States Period, Chu Yue and then swallowed, the forces of the West arrived in Hanzhong, east of the sea, all males in the Warring States, the territory's largest and most populous. Was a "cross the Qin Emperor, the king of longitudinal," saying, meaning Qin, Chu Erguo, the most likely of National Unification. Finally, the eradication of Qin Chu. But of Chu Fan Qin uprising, has become a major force to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. The establishment of the Han Dynasty, in a sense can be thought of Chu's victory. Qin, Han unification, and ultimately complete fusion of cultures north and south, has thus formed a great "Han." And Chu himself, unwilling to acknowledge the authority of weeks, when the royal family, often claimed: "I have barbarians." (See "Records of the Chu family") Chu culture than is generally believed that the Central Plains and cultural backwardness, not saying that absolutely right. Chu culture perhaps more than the Central Plains culture, the rise of late, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu cultural backwardness, it is mainly manifested in the state system is not mature enough, especially for the maintenance of rule of order and hierarchy is far from the political and ethical thought and culture in North End secret. - So need to introduce the theory of Chu and books. Correspondingly, the original religion - the popularity of shamanism, but also can be seen as lagging behind the performance of Chu culture. But in other areas, not necessarily behind the Chu culture, and even far more than in many parts of the Central Plains culture. Understand this is very important for understanding the Chu. Should first be noted that economic conditions in the South than the North has certain advantages. "Geography" said Chu, "there are mountains of Jiang Han Chuanze Rao; south to Canton, or fire, water, hoe farming, people eat fish rice, fishing and hunting mountain cutting for the industry, the fruit Luo win clams, food often enough . " Youyu easier to make a living, it may have more manpower from the Danchun subsistence activities, inputs more complex the more advanced material production. So at least in the spring and later, Chu's financial and material resources have been significantly more than the North. "Zuo Zhuan" Ben Chu Kee Chong Er, right into the king said: "The children of instruments of peace, the king has the; feathers, leather gear, to grow wherever the king. Its spread to Jin who is also the king of Yu." Has to get a glimpse or two . According to historical records, the Warring States Chu is a lot of countries have gold. In recent years, archaeological excavations from the underground point of view, the Warring States period Chu bronzes, enough to represent the highest level of pre-Qin bronze smelting. As for the Chu lacquer ware, silk of the fine, and that the North can not be compared. Qu Yuan's "Evocation," Chu portrayed in a very luxurious pleasure palace scene, of course, must have a strong material foundation. The same as living in the south easier way too much, do not need to form a powerful collective force to overcome nature, to maintain life, so there is no formation of Chu as tight as the northern countries of the patriarchal political system. According to "Han Fei Zi," said Chu aristocrats always have a more independent force. This is Chu confrontation with the North may be a disadvantage. On the other hand, in this environment, individuals less suppressed by the collective and individual consciousness of corresponding to strong. Until the Han Dynasty, Chu rebellious character is still renowned. "Historical Records", "Han", you can find many examples. In conclusion, it should be said: The terms of the Warring States period, Chu culture and the Central Plains culture is indeed different characteristics, strengths. If the arts alone, the Chu culture is high achievement. Literature is one aspect of the art general. We have to be discussed in Chu, Chu culture is both out of the wonderful work the soil, and they represent the achievements of Chu culture. Chu Chu culture, especially the general characteristics of the art, such as a strong individual consciousness, intense emotional turmoil, fantasy and ornate forms, etc., are also present in the Songs of the South. Chu formation factor from the direct, first of all closely related with the songs of Chu. As mentioned earlier, developed Chu is a place where music and dance. Now from the "Songs" and other books can also see the names of many music Chu, such as "She Jiang", "Cailing", "labor-business", "Nine Debate", "Nine Songs", "Xie Lu," " spring, "" Snow "and so on. Songs in the existing, earlier the "Mencius" recorded "children songs", is said to Confucius, Chu Yu local children singing to hear: Zhen Qing Xi, I wash my tassels; Kaleidoscope cloud Come, I wash my feet. There are Liu Xiang, "said Court," contained in the "Song of Yue People", is said to be translated Yue Chu Sing Mariner's speech: Jinxi He Xi Xi, 搴 boat mid-stream. Come what day today, have the same boat with the Prince. Shame is a good fortune, not Zi sense of shame shame. Come a few heart trouble and not absolute, that the prince. Shan Xi wood with wooden sticks, Jun Xi Yue Jun heart I do not know. This very popular songs to the Qin dynasty Shihai. If Liu has "wind song" Xiang Yu as "Gaixia song." Its songs of different style and the Central Plains, the body is not neat four words, each sentence can be short and long end of the sentence or sentence in the multi-modal "Xi". These have become a significant feature of Chu. Han has "Odes, ancient poems are," said one (see Ban Gu "two Du Fu Xu"), when the Confucian classics in order to cling to, and taking into account the characteristics of Fu extravagant. Chu popular shamanism, but also penetrate the Ci, so that it has a strong mythic. According to historical records, when the Central Plains culture, shamanism has long been obvious color faded after the Chu in the south until the Warring States, monarch and his subjects are still down, "the letter Witchcraft, heavy prostitution Temple" ("Geography"). Grandson had been "Long rituals, things supernatural," and attempt to return the help by the spirits of Qin (see "Han Zhi Jiao Si"). More prevalent the witchcraft of the private sector. "Geography" and Wang Yi "guo", etc., the good witch Speaking Chu Renxin Temple, "The temple will sing, music, music inspired by the gods," the custom. This shows that in the era of Qu Yuan, Chu still immersed in the field of a singular imagination and the intense emotion of the myth of the world. Living in this cultural atmosphere of the Yuan, not only created a ritual of poems - "Nine Songs", and writing according to the word folk, "Evocation" and express their feelings in, they make extensive use of mythological material, galloping imagination, heaven into the earth, wandering Luhe Kyushu, gives a mysterious feel. Even the "Li Sao" This masterpiece of architecture, from the "Bu name", "submit", "first ring", "fugue" to "divination", "seance", are borrowed folk magic way. Of course, "do not have Qu Yuan, Qi see" Lament, "" ("Wenxindiaolong Lisao"). Chu Chu is a product of culture, specifically, can not do without the creation of the great poet Qu Yuan. [Representatives] "Songs of the South," the representative figure of Qu Yuan (formerly 340? - 278 years before), first appeared in Chinese literature in the history of the patriotic poet. In "Songs of the South" in the beginning of the 16-volume, accounted for most of the works of Qu Yuan, a total of 8-volume collection of his poems more than 20 articles. Including "Lament," "Nine Songs" (11), "days to", "IX" (9), "excursion", "Buju", "Fisherman", "Evocation" and so on. Volume 8 other is Song Yu's "Nine Debate", King bad the "big move", and Han Jia Yi's "pity oath", Huainan hill "Hermits", Dongfang Shuo's "seven Remonstrance", Yan stir " When sad life, "Wang Bao's" Nine pregnant, "Liu Xiang's" Nine sighed, "and so on. Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi those compiled on the basis of "Songs of the South Annotations", increasing into the Jia Yi's "When the bird fu" and "hanging Qu Yuan Fu," two; deleting "seven Remonstrance", "Nine pregnant" and "Nine sighed," and other works Zhu Xi that these works lack the true thoughts and feelings. He also designated as the works of Qu Yuan, "Li Sao class", the other works to "continued Sao class", according to the original chapter in the order of numbered as Volume 8. Qu Yuan's works can be divided into two categories: one is the "Lament," "Nine" and wrote in political exile in the poetry and poetry; one category is "Nine Songs" as the representative poet festival songs and reflect the world, life The "Heaven." Qu Yuan's masterpiece "Lament" is one of the longest ancient romantic poems and poetry, is "Songs of the South," the representative works. As a result, the world called "Songs of the South" to "Sao Poetry" and the "Book of Songs" and that "the Book of Songs." "Lament" is a poet, was the second time in exile, full of "the letter and see the suspect, loyalty was slander," the grievance, the combination of Anger, written with emotion in his writings. This is the first poem of nearly 2500 words, describing the poet's life experience and aspirations, through the unremitting struggle of performance poets life and determination to put their lives the tragedy of martyrdom blog, reflecting the state of Chu in the integrity of the ruling class and the evil forces of the sharp struggle of two, Chu exposed the dark reality and the political crisis, expressed his unyielding fight for the nation and the people, to "die without regret" spirit. Synopsis "Songs of the South" in the "Lament," "Nine Songs", "Nine", "Heaven" and "Evocation" and a total of 23 chapters, the works of Qu Yuan (In addition, the works of Song Yu and others), the vast majority of the body of the poems of Chu, is that we now see, "Chu Ci" masterpiece. Chu Yuan's works are mainly based on folk literature, combined with their own life experience and political experience and write. Description "Nine Songs" features artistic expression. One. Qu Yuan, "Nine Songs" written in both the supernatural God, but God wrote "human" unity of divinity and humanity together. Such as "Xiang Jun", "Xiang Fu Man", the performance of mutual love Xiang pursuit of God has finally met the twists and turns do not change the state of mind. Writing between God and God, the love between God and man the story of the ritual songs of the world flavors with Lennon Lennon. II. The activities of gods and spirits Narrations emotion, depicting the gods of the environment and atmosphere, is a fresh quiet subtle realm. Description "Evocation" art features. One. Structural precision perfect. Layers of narration based on location and things rendering expression. II. Longer than the layout of tracing, for example, write it on the Quartet of terror, a list of many terrible things, but they depict the horrible image. Songs on the relative test elements of Syria. III. Chu Chu is full of description of scenery, the use of the genuine dialects such Chu. IV. Chu is the new era of North-South cultural environment, Chu was born in the new Poetry distinctive regional characteristics. Above, that Chu Chu is indeed a product of culture, with strong regional characteristics. On the Style of Chu. One. Words from the poetry, the layout of hyperbole, imaginative, is a common feature of Chu. Such as "Lament" is full of fantastic imagination informal, to express the layer into the truth over and over again. II. From the style statement, Chu than "Book of Songs", the size of a substantial increase, the sentence has four words into the length of the main informal, scattered mixed. III. To the language that the language of Chu Chu Chu multi-sound, Chu dialect words in large numbers, addition, "Xi", "more" word as a function word sigh language to become a striking symbol of Chu. On the "Li Sao" ideological content. One. "U.S. government" ideals and deep patriotic feelings. Qu Yuan's desire, "the former St." rule of the Ming Jun Chen Yin, monarch of the realm of harmony, that "the virtuous and the empowerment Come, follow Shengmo not quite" specific governing strategy. II. Nine refuses to regret pursuing the ideal of tough materials and abhorrence of evil in the critical spirit. Minister Qunqiergong nobility, persecuted Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan Ren, but do not give up his pursuit of political ideals and hard, "Li Sao" to write his heaven into the earth, seeking a way out, that he realized the pursuit of the ideal image portrayed. Critical spirit is his unswerving pursuit of the ideal light, but also directly expose the darkness to denounce crafty and fawning. On the "Li Sao" The main artistic characteristics. One. Strong passion and fantasy of the imagination. "Lament" Looking back the first half, recalling the life experience, vision and experience, is basically realistic, but those elaborate hyperbole than metaphor poem their own good qualities, has the characteristics of singular imagination; the latter half of the road for the future exploration of writing, even is the same as the strong fire of passion, loyalty deep patriotic feelings flowing through the Pentium, the imagination of heaven and earth erupted vividly. II. Pure clean, independent and unyielding lyrical hero image. Noble birth, noble ideals, Jun Jie pure, independent indomitable personality, and abnormal intense emotions, constitute the perfect lyric protagonist imagine a sight to behold, with symbolic significance, showing the essence of this lyric. III. Expansion than the metaphor. It is the "Book of Songs" fragments become lengthy Xing Xing poetry of continuous use, also "The Book of Songs" as the kind of metaphor, Metaphor separate simple metaphor combined. In the "Book of Songs," based on the development of focussed on the matter, child care, and lyrical performance practices, formed a well-known literature in the beauty care herbs traditional figurative techniques, far-reaching. IV. Structural characteristics. The poem revolves around the poet faithful to the homeland and the pursuit of high ideals of emotional refuses to regret the spirit of nine rules and layout of the. Recalling the first part of the history of real writing, the latter part of the realization of the ideals of exploration, virtual write. Five. Form and language features. Both the use of folk forms, but also learned the technique of writing prose, into a sentence length of the informal, casual language sentences rhyme and white of a new literary forms. "Lament," the latter half of the performance of activities of the poet's thoughts, questions and answers are often subjective and objective _set_, the layout of description. Language colorful, two-tone stacked rhyme abound. Of "the September debate," the artistic characteristics of extremely "Lament" thinking, artistic differences. One. "Nine debate" less than the ideological realm of "Li Sao" although it also has the chant from the noble and critical standard, exposing the darkness of political, but the mind sees the lack of Qu Yuan and the pursuit of that ideal of impassioned refuses to regret the spirit of the nine. The face of injustice of fortune, he retreated to preserve one's attitude, or even suspected of flattery Thanksgiving. II. Performance, "Nine Debate" Songs of the South may well be a fine. A. Longer than the layout of tracing, and create more harmony in portraying the mood. If at the beginning of that period of widespread transmission Chung text, rendering the chill autumn air Joseph Su, vegetation decline, thin mountain air, water, sky and clean air of the thinning of the King Kongkuo desolate and so on. Sense of the poet's sad fate was bleak autumn chill even more deeply strong contrast. B. Characterization of nuanced description. Fall on the branches withered leaves to write bad, from the leaves to the branches, from the shape to the color, subtle portrait of both real. C. "Nine Debate" phrase-making word is also laudable. Yun bulk phase, the length of informal, has caused mixed
Collection of names. Han Liu Xiang series. Han Wang Yi note. Originally included in Han Yuan, Song Yu and Han Fu Huainan hill and others sixteen, after Wang Yi has been added to make a roll, into 17 volumes. The main authors of Qu Yuan. Chu works with rich local color and language features, rich lyricism ◇ world body of such style is called Songs of the South "because of which Qu Yuan's" Lament, "a famous, it is also known as the Sao." With the "Book of Songs" two parallel one of the sources of Chinese classical poetry.
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chǔ cí
楚辞 chǔ cí
Title. Han Liu Xiang series. Sao and articles for the general collection. Included a Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Wang Bao, Jia Yi, Yan Ji and Liu Xiang Fu and others his work "Nine sighed," a total of 16. The book mainly to Qu Yuan, the remaining articles are also inherited form of Qu Yuan
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No. 4
Also as "Chu Ci."
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Songs
"Songs of the South," also known as "Chu Ci" is the great poet Qu Yuan, the Warring States period to create a verse. The use of Chu works (now lakes area) of the literary style, dialect, rhyme, Narrations Chu mountains figures, historical style, with strong local characteristics. Han Dynasty, the Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan and Song Yu, who works "inherit Qu Yuan," edited into a _set_ of works, called "Songs of the South." And become the "Book of Songs" after the far-reaching impact on China of a literary poetry collection. Chu, Chu its original meaning refers to the words, then gradually fixed in two meanings: First, the genre of poetry, one collection of poems in the name (and to some extent, also on behalf of the state of Chu literature.) From the poetry genre, it is represented by the late Warring States to the poet Qu Yuan in the Chu Guomin songs created on the basis of a new Poetry. From the total _set_ name, it is the basis of the Western Han Liu Xiang in the previous one featuring the "Songs of the South" the body of the poetry collection, revenue Warring States Chu Yuan, Song Yu's work, and Han Yi, Huainan hill, Zhuang Ji , Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Morohito imitation show works. In the Han Dynasty, also known as speech or Chu Fu. Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan, Song Yu, and Han Huainan hill work, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang, who inherited the imitation of Qu Yuan, Song Yu's works were compiled into a _set_ of 16, known as "Songs of the South." Chu Suiyou the name of a collection of poems. Since Qu Yuan's "Lament" is "Songs of the South" masterpiece, it is also known as Chu Sao Sao, or. Chu Li Sao Qu Yuan The refuge Emperor Gao Yang Xi, Zhen Huang Kao Bo-yong said. Photo by Chen Yu Meng Zou Xi mentioned, but I Gengyin dynasty. Browse more than direct examination Premier Huang Xi, Chao Yu-chia tin name: Xi is the name I said, words I said Lingjun. I not only within the United States this Fun Xi, and weight of the repair capacity. Chih-Chiang Hu Xi away with the provision, Ren-Qiu-lan that wear. If less than Xi Mi, and I do not fear the age. North of Magnolia 搴 Pi Xi, Xi Lan Chau Su Mang. Come sun and the moon suddenly it does not flooded in spring and autumn the Preface. However, the scattered vegetation Xi, fear of old age and beauty. Do not ask offensive Xi Zhuang sake, why not change almost this degree? Come take the steed to gallop to my first road-Astoria. After just three Xi Xi, where the solid petals. Law and bacteria Miscellaneous Gui Xi Shen, Qi Wei Ren-Fu Wai Chai! He Yao, Shun Kosuke Xi, both derived from the Road follow road. The chang Xi Jie Zhou He was the husband but a shortcut to embarrassed step. However, the stolen music Xi partisan husband, ignorant of the Xianai quiet road. The body of the dread calamity Qi Xi Yu, Huang Yu fear of defeat! Xi suddenly running to have, and the former King Zhongwu. The situation is not observed among more than Tsuen Xi, slander and Ji anger against the letter. Jian Yu Jian solid knowledge of the infestation Xi, and tolerance and not care too. Refers to the nine that are Xi, the husband of but it is also spiritual. About dusk that of Xi, Qiang middle road instead! Over into the beginning of both words and fortune, evasive and has his regrets. Xi Yu is not difficult husband farewell, the number of spiritual injury. Only nine Wan Yu Xi Zi Lan, and the acres of trees LOH. Kwai Yi to stay with the car Xi Jie, miscellaneous and Fang Chih Du Heng. Jun Ji Mao leaves of fortune, when almost as soon as Wu Jiang is willing to mow. Although it never wilt Xi Yi He hurt, sadness and the petals of the Wu dirty. Jin Jing Zhong Jie Xi with greed, with tire almost explorations. Shu Qiang in the amount of people had to Xi, the Hing heart envy. Xi Chi greedy suddenly to chase, more than the heart is non-urgent. Come slowly approaching his old fear of the repair were not established. Mulan fall toward drinking Xi Lu, the evening meal Chrysanthemum Petals. Gou I love to practice their faith fascinating to Xi, Yi He Long Yan jaw injuries. Lead along Mugen guitar Chen Xi, consistent down core Ficus pumila. By Ren-Hui Gui Jiao Xi bacteria, claim the Lisa Hu Sheng. Jian Wu Xi Fife before the repair, the service of non-secular. Come early this week though not the person is willing to the left by Peng is salty. Come a long heave a deep sigh to cover tears, sadness and livelihood of many difficulties. I was good repair fascinating to restrain Ji Xi, Jian toward the insult for the evening. Both for Xi Xiang Yu to LOH, and application of the Lan Zhi. The heart is also good over Xi, although its still unknown regret nine dead. Wraith repair the mighty Xi, the end does not Chafu people. Xi Yu Crescent envy her daughters, rumors that I complain with good sex. Come the time the customs of the Gongqiao solid, Mian rules and error correction. Come back Shengmo to recover music, content that the degree of competition week. Tun Yu Yu Yi Xi Tuo hinder, Wudu almost destitute at this time also. Ning Xi that Charlie died in exile, I could not bear this state also. Xi is not a bird of prey groups from past lives and the course. Xi Zhou won where it can, Cardiff Road, and what difference peace and quiet? Chi Xi Qu heart suppression, especially in the busy movement of sense of shame endure. Fu Xi innocent to die straight, before the holy of the thick solid. Be aware of the phase regret Xi Road, extending almost happiness of the anti-queue. Way back I car to re-Xi, and fans of the line is not far away. Step Xi Yu Ma Yu Lan Gao, Law Chi Yan Qiu and cessation. Nothing in particular from the Xi Jin, back to the early restoration of my clothes. Yi Xi charge that the system water chestnut, lotus collection that clothes. I have no idea on Xi, Fang Gou I love the letter. Xi Yu Jiji high crown, long Yupei the land from. Fang and Xi Ze its hybridity, only Zhao quality of its still unknown loss. Duty-bound to trip head suddenly Xi, judging from the fourth to the shortage. Come wear colorful decoration of its prosperity, Fong Fei-fei its indemnity chapter. Come and be happy all the people's livelihood, Yudu good repair that often. I still unknown, although Solutions of Variable Xi, Qi Yu heart can be punishing. Chan Yuan Xi of female 嬃, the applicant to apply for the curse, said: Gun upright body Come straight to death, then eventually the wild birds almost prematurely. How thou _set_tedst the good repair Jian Xi Bo, unique to this fascinating section of Fun? Ci Xi Lu desires among the surplus room, separate from and against sentence. Come all the non-users said, what goes into the situation than the police? A good friend of both the Xi Shi, husband alone and not listen to any solitary? To the preceding section, Xi St., sigh calendar hereby by the heart. Ji Yuan, Xi Xiang to Nanzheng to Wa and VESSEL words: Kai "Nine Debate" and "Nine Songs" Come, Xiakang longitudinal self-entertainment. After difficult to figure despite Xi, with the loss of almost five children at home alley. Yi Yi Tin excessive travel to Xi, and good shooting fox sealed Husband. The fresh turbulence in the final solid Xi, Zhuo greedy husband Jue home. Water body strong prince Yu Xi clothing, lust and the bear. At recreational and since forgotten Xi, Jue Britain's first meteorite with a husband. The constant violation of Xi Xia Jie, Yan and every calamity is then. Potamogeton minced meat after the Xi Xin, Yan Zong used instead of long. Tang, Yu Yan and Jing Xi only, bad week on the Road and Mok. Come for the grant to give talented people, but not quite through Shengmo. A selfless heaven Come, browse Minde wrong Yan Fu. Fuweishengzhe Come to Pinnacle, starting a the soil under Gou. Come forward and looking after care, compared with the total view of most people. Cardiff Come what non-sense and can be used? What non-good and can be served? Perilous risk than the body and the death of Xi, the early view of its still unknown more than regret. Is not the amount of cutting and tenon Xi, solid repair to Potamogeton minced meat before. Yuyu Yi Xu Xi Xi was, when I sorrow improper. Ru Lan Xi Hui to cover tears, dip the waves more than lapel waves. Remarks apply to kneel ren Xi, Geng I acquired this CKS. Si Jie Yi Yu Qiu to Come, the wind over the sign that Charlie Egypt. North Korea began in earnest in Cangwu Xi, Xi Yu Zhihu County nursery. For less trivial Come stay in this spirit, at the twilight of their 忽忽. I made sections Xi Xi and Mi, Wang Yan Mountain Zi Mountain Erwu force. Road is long Come, Wu Jiang search up and down. Drinks salty pool of more than horses in Xi, with a total of more than bridle almost Fuso. To brush off if the wood Come on, talk Happy to phase sheep. Xi Wang Shu before the Herald, after the flight is cheaper to Ben. Luan Xi Huang as I first quit, I told mine to not have the division. I make phoenix soar Come, followed by day and night. Piaofeng the phase from the Xi Tun, commander of clouds from Royal. The total of their total clutch Fun Xi, spot land from its top to bottom. I make God http switch Xi, Forest gate of heaven and look to. Warm warm when it will strike Xi, Results Orchids and delay queue. Xi Shi, regardless of the turbid and muddy, so shield the United States and jealousy. Come toward the happiness of the economy in Whitewater, Tang Levant and http horse. Xi suddenly duty-bound to tears, sadness and Takaoka of no women. Come visit this erotic that Charlie Wu, Chiung-chih to continue wear off. Come and splendor of hardly ever, compared with Maid of the available yi. I made a cloud Xi Hong Leong, find where the Mi Fei. Solutions Pei Xiang Xi made guitar, I thought that Jian Xiu Li. The total of their total clutch Fun Xi, Wei-Hua its hard to move suddenly. Return secondary to poor Xi Xi Shi, Zhuo generated from the Wei River towards the plate. Xi Bao Jue United States to be proud, at recreational to prostitution tour. Although the United States and rude letter Xi, instead seeking to illegally abandoned. Glance View of the quadrupole relative to Xi, Zhou flow is almost more than the next day. The Yan Yao Tai Xi Wang Jian, see a song state of the Yi women. I make poison for the media Xi, poison the well more than reported. The male dove Xi Ming passed away, I still evil its Tiao Qiao. Come hesitant and skeptical mind, like adaptive and can not. Yi-Feng Huang Xi well received by the fear of the first I DIG. To _set_ but nothing far Come stop and talk to Happy floating. Come home and Shaukang of not, leaving the two Yu Yao. Zhuo Li Xi weak and the media, do not fear the introduction of the solid. World muddy turbid and envy Yin Xi, the United States and call evil good shield. Apartment in both the distant Xi Yuan, Zhe Wang not http. Not fat pregnant I love fortune, but with this I may be able Yan Zhong Gu? Suoqiong to spindle Tuan Xi Mao, more than accounted for the life of spiritual atmosphere. Said: "Come together both the United States of its will, what the faith with the Mu? Kyushu broad thinking Xi, Qi Wei is its a female? " Said: "Xi Mian there anymore without suspicion, what interpretation of women seeking beauty? Grass alone without any of the Xi, Seoul He Huaihu so yu? " To Xuan Yao Mei Shi Xi quiet, what the good and evil cloud over the police? Come taste the different people, provided that such partisan differences of their independence! Households with earnings to service Ai Xi, that the orchids can not wear it. View of its still unknown vegetation was observed Xi, Qi-Cheng beauty can become? Su Yi Xi fecal soil to charge, saying that it does not apply Fang Law. For the guitar from the atmosphere accounts for Xi Ling, heart hesitant and skeptical. Come down to the eve of Wu Xian, Huai sacrificial rice and pepper to it. Hundred Gods shade the alternate Come, and welcome their Jiuyi Bin. Wong Yan Yan Yang Ling of their fortune, I tell it to Kyrgyzstan. Said: "Come under the above Mian down, find the moment of the same ruler. Tang, Yu Yan and seek co-Xi, Zhi, Yao and can transfer blame. Zhong Qing Gou repair their good fortune, why should the media line with the husband? Said Cao Yan Fu Xi built in, not suspects with Wu Ding. Lvwang Drums knife Xi, Zhou was derived move. The Acura Xi Ning Qi, Qi Huan Wen to the secondary. Xi Yan and age group who are not, when it is young and still have. The first fear of pelican Gui Xi Ming, whom the husband is not aromatic Herbs. " He Qiongpei of Yan Jian Xi, however, encapsulates all the Ai. Only in the non-partisan understanding Come, break the fear of jealousy. Fun Time Come the variation, how can stay submerged? Lanzhi change without Fang Xi, Tsuen Wai for the sake of the Mao. Grass past the Xi He, Xiao Ai also do this directly? So he has his Qi Xi, Mo is also a good repair the harm! I Come to Portland to be dependable, and Yung-Qiang no real long. Committee Jue U.S. to Come from the vulgar, Gou was out almost the petals. Law designed to slow 慆 eloquent Xi, Sha You Yu filling Fupei tent. Come into both dry and then works, how it can only Fang? When the flow from a solid custom fortune, and practice makes no change? If you're browsing the Law Lan Xi, and the status of cars and Jiang Jie from? However, the valuable Zipei Xi, the Commission hereby Jue beauty calendar. Fong Fei-fei and difficult to lose Xi, Finland has not yet been finalized droplets. Come and scheduling for self-entertainment, chat and find girl floating. And I decorated the party Zhuang Xi, Zhou flow we look up and down. Spiritual atmosphere over both divisions to account for Xi Ji, Li Jiri almost happiness of the line. Come off Chiung-chih that shame, refined Jean Mi that chow-chow. Come ride the dragon for the remainder of miscellaneous Yao like that car. What can be the same centrifugation of Xi? Happiness of the far pass the self-thinning. My Dao Fu Kunlun Zhan Xi, road repair much of the weekly flow. The dark cloud Yang Ai Ni Xi, Ming Yuluan of Jojo. North Korea began in earnest in Tianjin, Xi, Xi Yu Zhihu West pole. Feng Huang Cheng Qi Xi wing of its high-flying of the wing. I line the sand suddenly Xi, compliance and capacity and Chishui. Xi Liang-chun, dragon so rejoice, Chao Sai Wong to be involved. Road repair much more difficult to Xi, the diameter of Proton cars to be public. Road to turn left ill-fortune, means the West that period. Yu Xi Qian Cheng Tun their car, and Chi and Qi Yu Dai. Eight Dragon Wan Wan Xi drive, _set_ the flag of the Weiyi cloud. Mi Chi and Xi suppression section, the high god of Miao Miao Chi. Playing "Nine Songs" and Dance "Shao" Come and talk to steal music holiday. L Zhi Xi Huang of the He plays, suddenly the old town Pro askance husband. Fu Yu Huai sad servant Xi, curl and not care. Chaos said: are gone indeed! Xi Mo, I know no one country, but also He Huaihu ancient capital! Do both feet and for the United States government Xi, Wu Jiang of the salt from home Peng!
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Romantic Poetry Collection
"Songs of the South" as China's first romantic poetry collection, poetry in the form of the song in the Chu Guomin formed the basis of processing, but also a large number of papers cited in the climate and natural resources and Chu dialect vocabulary, so called "Songs of the South" . "Songs of the South" is mainly the works of Qu Yuan, whose masterpiece is the "Lament", later is also called "Songs of the South" to "Sao." Western Han Dynasty,, Liu Xiang collect Qu Yuan, Song Yu, who works, compiled into a _set_. "Chu Ci" far-reaching impact on later literature, not only opened later Fu, and prose of history, is the creation of a positive source of romantic poetry. "Songs of the South" is the first romantic poetry collection is the main author of Chu Yuan. He created the "Lament", "Nine Songs" "Nine," "Heaven" and other immortal works. Under the influence of Qu Yuan, Chu has generated Yu, Donlar, King of Chu of the poor. The existing "Chu" total concentration, mainly the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu; Donlar, King works most of the poor not passed down. Chu characteristics, Song Huang Bosi in the "Calibration Chu sequence," In summary: "cover all Sao Qu and Song, Chu language books are for Chu sound, recorded Chu, Chu things were, Gu can be described as the 'Songs' . "This statement is correct. Besides, "Chu Ci" Qu, Song works involved in the historical legends, myths, customs, Customs and the use of artistic means, rich lyrical style, all with a distinctive color of Chu culture. This is the basic characteristics of Songs, which are illuminated and the Central Plains culture, an important part of Chu culture.
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Chu Literature Collection
Series Han Liu Xiang, Han Wang Yi Chapters. The original collection Chu Yuan, Song Yu and Han Huainan hill, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Fu and others a total of sixteen, after the entry has been made by Wang Yi "Nine thinking", as seventeen. The book in the works of Qu Yuan, of which "Lament," "Nine Songs," "Heaven" and other articles of historical data preserved and more myths and legends, history of reference for governance. Qu Yuan (about 278 before the 339 ~ about before), were flat. Beginning left only grandson, Sam Lo doctor. Advocated exposing the result of the testimonies, the virtuous empowerment, Qi Gang Qin, vanilla and little children by huai Jin Shang et al traduce destroyed and dismissed. Hectare entered, the Qu Yuan was banished, he was unable to save Chu peril, and could not achieve a political ideal, then vote Miluo River died. "Lament" is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan. Political Lyrics in this magnificent performance of the ideal of progress, in order to achieve the ideal and the tireless struggle, and struggles and _set_backs encountered in their distress. Qu Yuan to express feelings is often cited by the history and find the lessons learned, "the Don, runs the risk of the system after three, the next sequence, Jie, Zhou, Yi, cast of lost, Ji-jun awareness, anti in the right way and also with yourself." Which history books in some places can be added to each other reference cards, such as "Lament," says: "Debate with Nine Nine Kai Xi, Xiakang longitudinal self-entertainment. despite the difficult figure after the fortune, five children with a loss of almost Wenjiaxiang. kinky tour to Yi Yi Tin Xi, and good shooting day closure Fox. Solid end the fresh turbulence Xi, Zhuo greedy husband Jue home. pouring body linen strong prince Yu Xi, lust and the bear. day of recreational self-forgetting Xi, Jue Britain's first meteorite with a husband . The often illegal Xi Xia Jie, Yan and every calamity is then. "Xia described in this section is very complete history, with" Zuo Zhuan "see each other, and make" Records of the summer of the Millennium, "speaks Yi, Zhuo of things omissions. In addition, from the "Li Sao" and on Xi, Wang Shu, Fei Lian, Hong Leong, Mi Fei's account can also be seen a glimpse of ancient myths and legends; and "Photo provided Zou Xi Chen on Mon, CD GY Wu dynasty" , is the research of ancient astronomy and calendar information. "Nine Songs" This is the ancient songs, the legendary XIA Qi stolen from the sky. Folk Ritual Songs of Qu Yuan in the creation of the basis of "Nine Songs", Xi Yong names of ancient songs, a total of eleven. God save them on the cloud, mountain, Xiang God, the river god, the sun god myths, etc., is the study of ancient Chu culture, folklore and valuable information.
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Historic Status
Meanwhile, Chu Chu and the South and the North Central Plains culture and cultural product of the combination. After the Spring and Autumn has always been known as Jing Man, the increasingly powerful state of Chu. Its aspirations to the Central Plains, the process of hegemony princes frequent contact with the Northern countries, and promote a wide range of North-South cultural exchanges, Chu has also been a profound impact on the North Central Plains culture. It is this confluence of cultures north and south, gave birth to this great poet Qu Yuan and the "Songs of the South" This colorful great poems. "Songs of Chu" in Chinese poetry played an important role. It appears, breaking the "Book of Songs" after two or three centuries of silence in poetry shine. Future generations will therefore "The Book of Songs" and "Songs of the South" and called the Wind, show. Fifteen wind means the wind, on behalf of "The Book of Songs", full of realism; show that "Lament", on behalf of "Songs of the South", full of romantic atmosphere. Wind, show a classical Chinese poetry of realism and romanticism of the creation of two schools.
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Songs List
Sao Nine Buju Fisherman Heaven IX excursion Evocation attracts the nine argued swear Hermits seven remonstrance cherish sorrow sigh when ordered nine nine nine pregnant thinking Nine Songs: East Huangtai a cloud Dongjun Jun Xiang Jun Xiang Fu Bo NPC Siming Siming Mountain Ghost little soul of the War Ceremony IX: Xi River of Sorrow chanting pumping Sihuaishasi beauty Xi Ying Ju Song sad old days return air Seven remonstrance: Shen Jiang blame the early release from the sad life thinking the world complain absurd remonstrance Nine pregnant: Jun Zhao Wei Kuang machine access storage Buddha Ka Ying Sizhong Taoyongzhuzhao Nine sigh: Every divergent thinking there anymore unfortunately passed away resentment Min Yin sorrows life's deep excursion Nine thinking: Every blame on the disease, especially on the World Benjamin injured when chaos Zaoe grief-year-old Mourning Shouzhi
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Formation of Culture and Chu Chu
Yellow River Basin with the Yangtze River as long ago gave birth to the ancient culture. After the national rise of Chu, a representative of the local culture. Later than the Shang Dynasty, Chu had a relationship with the northern regime; to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, is said to vend Bear had "sub-something King Wen" Later, they were as Yi Xiong Wang Feng in the Chu ("Chu family Historical Records"). It should be understood as the actual control of Chu Zhou Dynasty Jianghan region recognition. To the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu rapid development and expansion, mergers and the size of the Yangtze River in many nations, becoming enough to compete with the power of the Central Plains. Chuzhuang Wang is one of the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, once there take the Central Plains of the North blog. Warring States Period, Chu Yue and then swallowed, the forces of the West arrived in Hanzhong, east of the sea, all males in the Warring States, the territory's largest and most populous. Was a "cross the Qin Emperor, the king of longitudinal," saying, meaning Qin, Chu Erguo, the most likely of National Unification. Finally, the eradication of Qin Chu. But of Chu Fan Qin uprising, has become a major force to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. The establishment of the Han Dynasty, in a sense can be thought of Chu's victory. Qin, Han unification, and ultimately complete fusion of cultures north and south, has thus formed a great "Han." And Chu himself, unwilling to acknowledge the authority of weeks, when the royal family, often claimed: "I have barbarians." (See "Records of the Chu family") Chu culture than is generally believed that the Central Plains and cultural backwardness, not saying that absolutely right. Chu culture perhaps more than the Central Plains culture, the rise of late, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu cultural backwardness, it is mainly manifested in the state system is not mature enough, especially for the maintenance of rule of order and hierarchy is far from the political and ethical thought and culture in North End secret. - So need to introduce the theory of Chu and books. Correspondingly, the original religion - the popularity of shamanism, but also can be seen as lagging behind the performance of Chu culture. But in other areas, not necessarily behind the Chu culture, and even far more than in many parts of the Central Plains culture. Understand this is very important for understanding the Chu. Should first be noted that economic conditions in the South than the North has certain advantages. "Geography" said Chu, "there are mountains of Jiang Han Chuanze Rao; south to Canton, or fire, water, hoe farming, people eat fish rice, fishing and hunting mountain cutting for the industry, the fruit Luo win clams, food often enough . " Youyu easier to make a living, it may have more manpower from the Danchun subsistence activities, inputs more complex the more advanced material production. So at least in the spring and later, Chu's financial and material resources have been significantly more than the North. "Zuo Zhuan" Ben Chu Kee Chong Er, right into the king said: "The children of instruments of peace, the king has the; feathers, leather gear, to grow wherever the king. Its spread to Jin who is also the king of Yu." Has to get a glimpse or two . According to historical records, the Warring States Chu is a lot of countries have gold. In recent years, archaeological excavations from the underground point of view, the Warring States period Chu bronzes, enough to represent the highest level of pre-Qin bronze smelting. As for the Chu lacquer ware, silk of the fine, and that the North can not be compared. Qu Yuan's "Evocation," Chu portrayed in a very luxurious pleasure palace scene, of course, must have a strong material foundation. The same as living in the south easier way too much, do not need to form a powerful collective force to overcome nature, to maintain life, so there is no formation of Chu as tight as the northern countries of the patriarchal political system. According to "Han Fei Zi," said Chu aristocrats always have a more independent force. This is Chu confrontation with the North may be a disadvantage. On the other hand, in this environment, individuals less suppressed by the collective and individual consciousness of corresponding to strong. Until the Han Dynasty, Chu rebellious character is still renowned. "Historical Records", "Han", you can find many examples. In conclusion, it should be said: The terms of the Warring States period, Chu culture and the Central Plains culture is indeed different characteristics, strengths. If the arts alone, the Chu culture is high achievement. Literature is one aspect of the art general. We have to be discussed in Chu, Chu culture is both out of the wonderful work the soil, and they represent the achievements of Chu culture. Chu Chu culture, especially the general characteristics of the art, such as a strong individual consciousness, intense emotional turmoil, fantasy and ornate forms, etc., are also present in the Songs of the South. Chu formation factor from the direct, first of all closely related with the songs of Chu. As mentioned earlier, developed Chu is a place where music and dance. Now from the "Songs" and other books can also see the names of many music Chu, such as "She Jiang", "Cailing", "labor-business", "Nine Debate", "Nine Songs", "Xie Lu," " spring, "" Snow "and so on. Songs in the existing, earlier the "Mencius" recorded "children songs", is said to Confucius, Chu Yu local children singing to hear: Zhen Qing Xi, I wash my tassels; Kaleidoscope cloud Come, I wash my feet. There are Liu Xiang, "said Court," contained in the "Song of Yue People", is said to be translated Yue Chu Sing Mariner's speech: Jinxi He Xi Xi, 搴 boat mid-stream. Come what day today, have the same boat with the Prince. Shame is a good fortune, not Zi sense of shame shame. Come a few heart trouble and not absolute, that the prince. Shan Xi wood with wooden sticks, Jun Xi Yue Jun heart I do not know. This very popular songs to the Qin dynasty Shihai. If Liu has "wind song" Xiang Yu as "Gaixia song." Its songs of different style and the Central Plains, the body is not neat four words, each sentence can be short and long end of the sentence or sentence in the multi-modal "Xi". These have become a significant feature of Chu. But it is worth noting that, although born out of the Chu Chu songs, already has undergone major changes. Songs for the Fu Han said, for justice is "not that the songs and chanting Fu" ① ("Han Dynasty History"). Qu Yuan's works, in addition to "Nine Songs", the "Lament", "Evocation," "Heaven", is a long giant system; "Nine" than the "Book of Songs" is concerned, but also much longer. They are clearly not suitable for singing and should not be viewed as a song. At the same time, this "song and chant is not" and "Fu", but did not like the prose of the reading method, according to historical records, the need for a special tone to read. This is the "Yin." (So-called "Yin" is somewhere between "read" and "sing" a form between, is a relatively simple tune to Yin complete article, of course, then there should be among the Chu Chu Chu sound manner.) song length is always short and simple language, it is out of Chu in the form of songs, in order to use Fan Li of the diction, to accommodate the complex content, the performance of rich thoughts and feelings. By the way that modern people in order to distinguish Chu and Fu, Chu was not in favor of said "fu", which is reasonable, but can not say what the Han Chinese so called fault. Because when is it a "Qu Yuan" then the "Han" in. Han has "Odes, ancient poems are," said one (see Ban Gu "two Du Fu Xu"), when the Confucian classics in order to cling to, and taking into account the characteristics of Fu extravagant. Chu popular shamanism, but also penetrate the Ci, so that it has a strong mythic. According to historical records, when the Central Plains culture, shamanism was dissipated after the color has long been in the South Chu, until the Warring States, monarch and his subjects are still down, "the letter Witchcraft, heavy prostitution Temple" ("Geography"). Grandson had been "Long rituals, things supernatural," and attempt to return the help by the spirits of Qin (see "Han Zhi Jiao Si"). More prevalent the witchcraft of the private sector. "Geography" and Wang Yi "guo", etc., the good witch Speaking Chu Renxin Temple, "The temple will sing, music, music inspired by the gods," the custom. This shows that in the era of Qu Yuan, Chu still immersed in the field of a singular imagination and the intense emotion of the myth of the world. Living in this cultural atmosphere of the Yuan, not only created a ritual of poems - "Nine Songs", and writing according to the word folk, "Evocation" and express their feelings in, they make extensive use of mythological material, galloping imagination, heaven into the earth, wandering Luhe Kyushu, gives a mysterious feel. Even the "Li Sao" This masterpiece of architecture, from the "Bu name", "submit", "first ring", "fugue" to "divination", "seance", are borrowed folk magic way. Of course, "do not have Qu Yuan, Qi see" Lament, "" ("Wenxindiaolong Lisao"). Chu Chu is a product of culture, specifically, can not do without the creation of the great poet Qu Yuan.
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Representative
"Songs of the South," the representative figure of Qu Yuan (formerly 340? - 278 years before), first appeared in Chinese literature in the history of the patriotic poet. In "Songs of the South" in the beginning of the 16-volume, accounted for most of the works of Qu Yuan, a total of 8-volume collection of his poems more than 20 articles. Including "Lament," "Nine Songs" (11), "Heaven", "IX" (9), "excursion", "Buju", "Fisherman", "Evocation" and so on. Volume 8 other is Song Yu's "Nine Debate", King bad the "big move", and Han Jia Yi's "pity oath", Huainan hill "Hermits", Dongfang Shuo's "seven Remonstrance", Yan stir " When sad life, "Wang Bao's" Nine pregnant, "Liu Xiang's" Nine sighed, "and so on. Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi those compiled on the basis of "Songs of the South Annotations", increasing into the Jia Yi's "When the bird fu" and "hanging Qu Yuan Fu," two; deleting "seven Remonstrance", "Nine pregnant" and "Nine sighed," and other works Zhu Xi that these works lack the true thoughts and feelings. He also designated as the works of Qu Yuan, "Li Sao class", the other works to "continued Sao class", according to the original chapter in the order of numbered as Volume 8. Qu Yuan's works can be divided into two categories: one is the "Lament," "Nine" and wrote in political exile in the poetry and poetry; one category is "Nine Songs" as the representative poet festival songs and reflect the world, life The "Heaven." Qu Yuan's masterpiece "Lament" is one of the longest ancient romantic poems and poetry, is "Songs of the South," the representative works. As a result, the world called "Songs of the South" to "Sao Poetry" and the "Book of Songs" and that "the Book of Songs." "Lament" is a poet, was the second time in exile, full of "the letter and see the suspect, loyalty was slander," the grievance, the combination of Anger, written with emotion in his writings. This is the first poem of nearly 2500 words, describing the poet's life experience and aspirations, through the unremitting struggle of performance poets life and determination to put their lives the tragedy of martyrdom blog, reflecting the state of Chu in the integrity of the ruling class and the evil forces of the sharp struggle of two, Chu exposed the dark reality and the political crisis, expressed his unyielding fight for the nation and the people, to "die without regret" spirit.
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Synopsis
"Songs of the South" in the "Lament," "Nine Songs", "Nine", "Heaven" and "Evocation" and a total of 23 chapters, the works of Qu Yuan (In addition, the works of Song Yu and others), the vast majority of the body of the poems of Chu, is that we now see, "Chu Ci" masterpiece. Chu Yuan's works are mainly based on folk literature, combined with their own life experience and political experience and write. Description "Nine Songs" features artistic expression. One. Qu Yuan, "Nine Songs" written in both the supernatural God, but God wrote "human" unity of divinity and humanity together. Such as "Xiang Jun", "Xiang Fu Man", the performance of mutual love Xiang pursuit of God has finally met the twists and turns do not change the state of mind. Writing between God and God, the love between God and man the story of the ritual songs of the world flavors with Lennon Lennon. II. The activities of gods and spirits Narrations emotion, depicting the gods of the environment and atmosphere, is a fresh quiet subtle realm. Description "Evocation" art features. One. Structural precision perfect. Layers of narration based on location and things rendering expression. II. Longer than the layout of tracing, for example, write it on the Quartet of terror, a list of many terrible things, but they depict the horrible image. Songs on the relative test elements of Syria. One. Chu sound, Chu has a direct contact. Songs of the South, if not singing, but also with "Chu" to read. Songs of the South's many poems have a "chaos" speech, they are an integral part of music, but also show that Chu Chu Ci and music have a close relationship. II. The production of Chu and Chu civil "Wu Song" are closely related. Religious songs and dances, Songs of the South have a direct impact on several aspects: 1. "Nine Songs" is a ritual in the Folk Songs from the processing of the basis. 2. Ritual ceremony, the shaman dressed as a different god, singing and dancing, as drama the same. This romantic and mysterious dance with the narrative, the idea of Chu and performance have an effect. Such as "Lament" written down the evil salt God. 3. Folk Song Festival Shen Wu, rich imagination or fantasy magic, and carries a wealth of fairy tales, these have become nutrients and characteristics of Chu. Such as "Nine Songs" of the ghost, "Li Sao" in heaven. III. Chu Chu is full of description of scenery, the use of the genuine dialects such Chu. IV. Chu is the new era of North-South cultural environment, Chu was born in the new Poetry distinctive regional characteristics. Above, that Chu Chu is indeed a product of culture, with strong regional characteristics. On the Style of Chu. One. Words from the poetry, the layout of hyperbole, imaginative, is a common feature of Chu. Such as "Lament" is full of fantastic imagination informal, to express the layer into the truth over and over again. II. From the style statement, Chu than "Book of Songs", the size of great growth, but also by the four-character sentence into the length of the main informal, scattered mixed. III. To the language that the language of Chu Chu Chu multi-sound, Chu dialect words in large numbers, addition, "Xi", "more" word as a function word sigh language to become a striking symbol of Chu. On the "Li Sao" ideological content. One. "U.S. government" ideals and deep patriotic feelings. Qu Yuan's desire, "the former St." rule of the Ming Jun Chen Yin, monarch of the realm of harmony, that "the virtuous and the empowerment Come, follow Shengmo not quite" specific governing strategy. II. Nine refuses to regret pursuing the ideal of tough materials and abhorrence of evil in the critical spirit. Minister Qunqiergong nobility, persecuted Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan Ren, but do not give up his pursuit of political ideals and hard, "Li Sao" to write his heaven into the earth, seeking a way out, that he realized the pursuit of the ideal image portrayed. Critical spirit is his unswerving pursuit of the ideal light, but also directly expose the darkness to denounce crafty and fawning. On the "Li Sao" The main artistic characteristics. One. Strong passion and fantasy of the imagination. "Lament" Looking back the first half, recalling the life experience, vision and experience, is basically realistic, but those elaborate hyperbole than metaphor poem their own good qualities, has the characteristics of singular imagination; the latter half of the road for the future exploration of writing, even is the same as the strong fire of passion, loyalty deep patriotic feelings flowing through the Pentium, the imagination of heaven and earth erupted vividly. II. Pure clean, independent and unyielding lyrical hero image. Noble birth, noble ideals, Jun Jie pure, independent indomitable personality, and abnormal intense emotions, constitute the perfect lyric protagonist imagine a sight to behold, with symbolic significance, showing the essence of this lyric. III. Expansion than the metaphor. It is the "Book of Songs" fragments become lengthy Xing Xing poetry of continuous use, also "The Book of Songs" as the kind of metaphor, Metaphor separate simple metaphor combined. In the "Book of Songs," based on the development of focussed on the matter, child care, and lyrical performance practices, formed a well-known literature in the beauty care herbs traditional figurative techniques, far-reaching. IV. Structural characteristics. The poem revolves around the poet faithful to the homeland and the pursuit of high ideals of emotional refuses to regret the spirit of nine rules and layout of the. Recalling the first part of the history of real writing, the latter part of the realization of the ideals of exploration, virtual write. Five. Form and language features. Both the use of folk forms, but also learned the technique of writing prose, into a sentence length of the informal, casual language sentences rhyme and white of a new literary forms. "Lament," the latter half of the performance of activities of the poet's thoughts, questions and answers are often subjective and objective _set_, the layout of description. Language colorful, two-tone stacked rhyme abound. Of "the September debate," the artistic characteristics of extremely "Lament" thinking, artistic differences. One. "Nine debate" less than the ideological realm of "Li Sao" although it also has the chant from the noble and critical standard, exposing the darkness of political, but the mind sees the lack of Qu Yuan and the pursuit of that ideal of impassioned refuses to regret the spirit of the nine. The face of injustice of fortune, he retreated to preserve one's attitude, or even suspected of flattery Thanksgiving. II. Performance, "Nine Debate" Songs of the South may well be a fine. A. Longer than the layout of tracing, and create more harmony in portraying the mood. If at the beginning of that period of widespread transmission Chung text, rendering the chill autumn air Joseph Su, vegetation decline, thin mountain air, water, sky and clean air of the thinning of the King Kongkuo desolate and so on. Sense of the poet's sad fate was bleak autumn chill even more deeply strong contrast. B. Characterization of nuanced description. Fall on the branches withered leaves to write bad, from the leaves to the branches, from the shape to the color, subtle portrait of both real. C. "Nine Debate" phrase-making word is also laudable. Yun bulk phase, the length of informal, irregular
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Chinese History
1, "Chu" is the first romantic poetry collection. Since the form of poetry is based on the processing Chu Guomin song form, but also a large number of papers cited in the climate and natural resources and Chu dialect vocabulary, so called "Songs of the South." "Songs of the South" is mainly the works of Qu Yuan, whose masterpiece is the "Lament", later is also called "Songs of the South" to "Sao." Western Han Dynasty,, Liu Xiang collect Qu Yuan, Song Yu, who works, compiled into a _set_. "Chu Ci" far-reaching impact on later literature, not only opened later Fu, and prose of history, is the creation of a positive source of romantic poetry. The main author of Chu Yuan. He created the "Lament", "Nine Songs" "Nine," "Heaven" and other immortal works. Under the influence of Qu Yuan, Chu has generated Yu, Donlar, King of Chu of the poor. The existing "Chu" total concentration, mainly the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu; Donlar, King works most of the poor not passed down. Chu characteristics, Song Huang Bosi in the "Calibration Chu sequence," In summary: "cover all Sao Qu and Song, Chu language books are for Chu sound, recorded Chu, Chu things were, Gu can be described as the 'Songs' . "This statement is correct. Besides, "Chu Ci" Qu, Song works involved in the historical legends, myths, customs, Customs and the use of artistic means, rich lyrical style, all with a distinctive color of Chu culture. This is the basic characteristics of Songs, which are illuminated and the Central Plains culture, an important part of Chu culture. 2, the Warring States period Chu Literature Collection. Series Han Liu Xiang, Han Wang Yi Chapters. The original collection Chu Yuan, Song Yu and Han Huainan hill, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Fu and others a total of sixteen, after the entry has been made by Wang Yi "Nine thinking", as seventeen. The book in the works of Qu Yuan, of which "Lament," "Nine Songs," "Heaven" and other articles of historical data preserved and more myths and legends, history of reference for governance. Qu Yuan (about 278 before the 339 ~ about before), were flat. ■ Novice grandson of the left only, Sanlv. Advocated exposing the result of the testimonies, the virtuous empowerment, Qi Gang Qin, vanilla and little children by huai Jin Shang et al traduce destroyed and dismissed. Hectare entered, the Qu Yuan was banished, he was unable to save Chu peril, and could not achieve a political ideal, then vote Miluo River died. "Lament" is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan. Political Lyrics in this magnificent performance of the ideal of progress, in order to achieve the ideal and the tireless struggle, and struggles and _set_backs encountered in their distress. Qu Yuan to express feelings is often cited by the history and find the lessons learned, "the Don, runs the risk of the system after three, the next sequence, Jie, Zhou, Yi, cast of lost, Ji-jun awareness, anti in the right way and also with yourself." Which history books in some places can be added to each other reference cards, such as "Lament," says: "Debate with Nine Nine Kai Xi, Xiakang longitudinal self-entertainment. despite the difficult figure after the fortune, five children with a loss of almost Wenjiaxiang. kinky tour to Yi Yi Tin Xi, and good shooting day closure Fox. Solid end the fresh turbulence Xi, Zhuo greedy husband Jue home. pouring body linen strong prince Yu Xi, lust and the bear. day of recreational self-forgetting Xi, Jue Britain's first meteorite with a husband . The often illegal Xi Xia Jie, Yan and every calamity is then. "Xia described in this section is very complete history, with" Zuo Zhuan "see each other, and make" Records of the summer of the Millennium, "speaks Yi, Zhuo of things omissions. In addition, from the "Li Sao" and on Xi, Wang Shu, Fei Lian, Hong Leong, Mi Fei's account can also be seen a glimpse of ancient myths and legends; and "Photo provided Zou Xi Chen on Mon, CD GY Wu dynasty" , is the research of ancient astronomy and calendar information. "Nine Songs" This is the ancient songs, the legendary XIA Qi stolen from the sky. Folk Ritual Songs of Qu Yuan in the creation of the basis of "Nine Songs", Xi Yong names of ancient songs, a total of eleven. God save them on the cloud, mountain, Xiang God, the river god, the sun god myths, etc., is the study of ancient Chu culture, folklore and valuable information. "Heaven" is a poem, its natural and social history of the universe's more than one hundred and seventy problems, save a lot of myths and legends and ancient history information. For example, on the Gun, the legend of Yu and made a series of questions involving the relationship between the Gun and the owl turtle, Yu and Gun different methods of flood control, Yu and had obtained the help to be long, Tu Yu's married women, etc. details; on the issues raised by the legend of Hou Yi and Yi shoot involved, shooting Bo and his wife Luo example, such details are Hanzhuo killed. Beginning on the business Zuqi, and soup from the deed to the history of literature is very scarce. "Heaven" revealed a number of important clues about this history, involving deeds, Wang Ji, Wang Hai, Wang Heng, with a micro-Xian Gong Yin Dynasty kings such as the content is particularly valuable. First appeared in "Ruthless Records • Biography." Its original meaning refers to the Chu's words, then gradually fixed in two meanings: First, genre of poetry, one collection of poems in the name of the. From the poetry genre, it is represented by the late Warring States to the poet Qu Yuan in the Chu Guomin
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"Songs of the South" Research
Chuci yanjiu "Songs of the South" study "of Chu" in Chinese literary history occupies an extremely important position. It made a lot of history series _set_ of scholars, textual research, comments, and reviews the work, wrote a large number of the. Two thousand years, "Songs" research generally can be divided into four periods. Han Han Dynasty is "Songs of the South" of the open period. Cheng Qin fire on more than a focus on search series, collate and record the works of Chu; comments work, just lay the foundation; of Qu Yuan's comments, opinions quite divided. Western Han Dynasty, Qu Yuan has become the object of study. The earliest known researchers present, Ann and Qian Liu. Liu Anzhuan "Li Sao Biography", a Chinese academic in the history of Qu Yuan and the first person to write monographs. "Lament Biography" has been lost, according to "Historical Records of Biography" in remaining fragments of view, including literary history of the total assessment classification; According to Ban, "Lament order" the sections cited, among which Examination Code Interpretation comments, which are for the future generations of research opened the way to Qu Yuan. To Sima Qian's essays, "Historical Records", not only in person at the Miluo River Qu Yuan Shen, pay tribute sites, visit the police to act, but also read the "Huaisha", "Fisherman," "Lament," "Heaven", "Evocation," "sorrow Ying "and other poems, wrote the first account of Qu Yuan Qu Yuan's life story and describes the personality of the spirit" of Biography. " Mid-Western Han, Xuan Zhao Jiujiang been recognized as "reading" Songs of the South, has begun to pay attention to the sound of Chu reading questions ("Han Wang Bao Chuan"). Late Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang and his son Mige testament School Code, school _set_ting, "Qu Yuan Fu twenty-five", the entry "Seven little," Qu Yuan's works this is the beginning of the school feud. Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong is Author of "Heaven solution", the book does not pass. According to Wang Yi, "Heaven and Syria," that they are the "Heaven" in the "strange things", "invoked to explain the biography", showing Liu, Yang, Textual Notes on the work of Qu Yuan's works, in Liu's on the basis of a step forward in the development. Eastern Han Dynasty, Gu, Jia Kui, have Author of "Li Sao by Chapters" (Wang Yi, "Li Sao Syria"). Ma Rong is also Author of "Li Sao Note" ("Han Ma Rong Chuan"), neither transfer his book. Jia, Ma is by division, as the historian Bancroft, release their contents when the existing training, but also the history of comment. This is from Jia, Ma, and Ban is said by the left's "Lament order" can be imagined. However, Wang Yi said the classes, Jia only note, "Lament," "lack of volume rather than the other fifth said," ("Lament and Syria." Ma Rong, "Lament Notes" is certainly the case. It seems until the mid Eastern Han Dynasty, academic Qu Yuan has not yet commenced a comprehensive study, the focus is still "Lament," "Heaven" on the Notes, as "Songs of the South" in the other chapters of Song Yu Needless to say the following. "Chu Ci" is full of the late Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Yi, He is the author of "Songs of the South" 17 volumes, including exegetical, collation, interpretation, test history, culture and other aspects of assessment, this deposit is the first of a complete "Songs of the South" Research Monographs. This period of the evaluation of Qu Yuan and his works, Liu, Jia Yi, Sima Qian, Yang Xiong, Ban, differences of opinion, which is diametrically opposed to Ban Gu and Liu. Liu, "Lament Biography" that: "" Country Style "lascivious and is not prostitution, "Xiao Ya" Yuan slander instead of chaos, if the "Lament" are described and the carry on. "bend the principles of his comments that" cicada in the cloud penny, in addition to floating dust, "" Push the blog also, although also at May glory be also ", and Ban Gu Zeyi Confucian view of self-preservation measure of Qu Yuan, saying that" Qu Yuan Lu Cai Yang had "," the _select_ few huai, blame the evil Law Lan, worry God trying to come up, not the people strong, "" more Mi Fei Kunlun ghost marriage, said nothing of the language, none of the testimonies of the political and economic justice contained in the. that the elegance and poetic glory with the sun and the moon, carry off "(" Lament Order "). Jin to the Sui and the time, Chu's influence in literature is extremely broad, and in the research is at a low ebb, few monographs, but notes, audio reading, literary theory and a few treatises, from the quality point of view, is still to develop. [Ming Ching Tak Edition of "Songs of the South"], following Wang Yi, "Songs of the South", the Jin Guo Pu in the "Note Songs" Volume 3. Kuok is the exegesis of all, who note off "Ya", "dialect", but also Notes of books most widely search different smell, note-off "Shan Hai Jing", "Biography" and other books. his "Songs of the South Note" has been Lost, but Zhu Shu Guo cited or seen each other in the other book note Part of view, the exegetical name and material, sufficient to refer to at a lot of old Wang Yi also has a more determined note. such as Guo Pu "Jiang Fu" that "any stone," meaning the "Huaisha", "Shan Hai Jing, Zhongshan The "Note that" Xiangfu people "is the" pillar of the two women ", are different and Wang Yi note. In addition," Sui Chi "also was recorded in Southern Ho Yan Liu Song," Wang Yi Chu _Delete_ Note ", Sui Huangfu compliance on behalf of "reference solution Songs" Volume 7, now are Wang Yi. This period of Chu started to research monographs. According to the "Chi Sui" contained, Jin Xu Miao of "Songs of the South Sound" 1 Vol. liusong Zhuge government of the people, "Songs of the South Sound," Volume 1, Mengao the "Songs of the South Sound," Volume 1, Qian Sui Buddhism and Taoism with "Songs of the South Sound," Volume 1, Que Anonymous "Songs of the South Sound," Volume 1. Pronunciation many writings, reflected the "Chu Ci" Fengsong recite the grand occasion. But now these works are Wang Yi, only the sarcophagus was found in Dunhuang Road, Qian's "Songs of the South Sound," Juan. According to the "Chi Sui "said Tao Qian good read," Songs of the South "," sound for Chu, phonology clear cut, this day remains a "Songs of the South," who are ancestors Qian Public Voice. "Fragments from the study, said Qian Pronunciations more different, The Pronunciation of rhyme with Chu Fang to get the effect of leaves of rhyme, especially in its characteristics. on the evaluation of Qu Yuan, Liang Xie, "Wen Xin Diao Long" appears, has a great impact. He compromise various home, independent standard his own view clear that Qu Yuan, "queer since Yu", "after the poet Xuan Zhu, Fenfei home before the speech," The future in the literary history of the development has an important position in the art can reach a "shock color change my life, difficult and and to "the height of intention to address critics," Judgments of any sound, circumflex over reality "of shortcomings. But whether it is still Xie Confucian" The meaning of "standards for evaluating works of Qu Yuan, but also has limitations. Ming and Qing Dynasty it was" Songs of the South, "the study period of unprecedented prosperity, collation, Exegesis, rhyme time, many literary works and so on. In particular, the collation of the Qing Dynasty, exegetical, more than any previous period, after this has created favorable conditions for research work. collating, Collation from Liu Xiang, Wang Yi's are wrong, after a long period of time there have been no monograph. the beginning of the Song Hong Xingzu Writing "Songs test differences," a book. This book of the schools participating, from the "Ancient", "Tang This "was all down to the famous school, do your line, consider the similarities and differences, have a high reference value. Song Zhen-Sun," recorded straight fast problem-solving book ", said: Hong Xingzu the reference school, Hong-Yan Su Shi to the following school-based fourth, five. there Ouyang Xiu, Sun Jue, Yao Tinghui the various home. particularly valuable is that now get lost in the Southern Tang Wang Mian "Explanation of Chu" in Hong Xingzu "test differences" were cited more than 70, Different versions of them up, sufficient to research. "Chu test differences," a book originally as a single, later channeling it points at Hung's "Songs of the South meeting note", the booklet has been lost. Late in the pei, but also in the Ancient "Songs of the South", the reference cited by Zhu Shu, Author of "Songs of the South Textual" 17 for the study of "Songs of the South" are the must-read. exegetical, the Hong Xingzu "Chu recharge" is to fill king Note the lack of Yat. but in reality both to fill a vacancy, but also correct errors. Ming Exegesis, test name objects, invoke Gai Bo, sifted evidence, rather academic in esteem. As for Dai Qing, "Qu Yuan Fu Note", places the trial precision, restraint, see said. and Jun Zhu Sheng "recharge Fu Li Sao", is quite skilled in exegesis. but righteous wear book is known for exegesis, exegetical and Zhu books and language are important cases, its own characteristics. As Notes on San Jian Qing Scholars zero, there are very precise and appropriate. If the king read the Sun's "Songs of the South on Reading the other series," Yu Yue's "Songs of Chu Yu F, hybrid compile time", etc., in name and substance of the exegetical predecessors did not send. as "Songs of the South" research provides a new argument. In addition, Ma Qichang's "Qu Fu Wei", on the previous comments, pick a very wide, but also to express their views, as in the Qing Dynasty in Studying "Chu Ci" staying power. Qu Yuan's works within the meaning of the text , another implication of purpose. ancient scholars, the exploration has been to a lot of work, but a matter of opinion, different. Wang Yi, "Songs of the South", in addition to exegetical name objects, the Weiyantaiyi, explanation time to time. NOTES ON "Songs of the South recharge" on the exegetical material to add more names, but Weiyantaiyi regard, the lack of play, so Zhu Xi's essays, "Chu Annotations" on the interpretation of the Qu Yuan's works not only words, and made its micro. In this respect, he did made a lot of original, but many will be attached to the Department tortuous. Ming An Interpretation of the righteous cause of as many, but often find themselves Kongshu. even if some of the more valuable the note book, also can not help the disease. such as Huang Wenhuan "Songs to listen to straight, "Volume 8 of Qu Yuan as much when he has to examine and correct, thoughtful. but the moral principles described in this book, it means more to have been transferred. Ming and Qing Wang Fu-chih's" Songs of the South through interpretation ", slightly on the illustrates the detailed exegesis on the meaning, its achievements and Zhu Xi similar. phonology, the chant from the previous period so that the sound for the purpose of sending Reading, and gradually developed into rhyme scientific study of this period. Originally Road, Qian Yuan Chu Dialect seeking Yun Ye works, its attitude is desirable, but the proliferation of Mo Liu actually no return, such as Zhu Xi Note "Songs of the South", with the sentence I have to change, "a word leaf." Ming Chen Section of the "Ancient Sound, Song Qu," out began advocating "invented ancient sound to see the leaves sound of that absurd also" ("Qu and Song Ancient Sound, Legend"). Qing Dynasty Relics learn Tai Shing, of which Jiang has Patent "Chu Rhyme" more refined, he points Qu and Song rhyme is 21, with the Sun King read the "Group by Chu Mao rhyme spectrum" of the segment said that the most similar. of Jiang's conclusion is quite valued by academics. critically, to no books, and more since the Han Jane appeared scattered single compilation, so the book compiled during this period an increasing. First Song Huangbo thinking of the "wing show" of subjects, from "Historical Records of Biography", under the Song Dynasty Chan, the "Preface", recorded for the 1 volume, the book has been Lost. Ming return light of the "Yu Xuzi", "Deer River sub-" the volume, also featuring reviews of various home features. Chiang of Alice's "Songs of the South seventy-two Review", collecting a wider . but mostly the Ming Dynasty when the text of the techniques to Comment on Comments, Qing Liu Xizai less desirable "Arts Overview" Volume "Fu generosity" Songs of the South covered, though not much space, and language to the point, meaning more pertinent, after all aspects of literary theory works. historical research, to prosper in the Qing Dynasty, but the life of Qu Yuan's research, among many scattered monographs. In this regard, Jiang Qing Ji's "Songs of the South Hill with House Note" very representative. First of all, according to the book "Biography of", "Chu family," detailed examination deeds experience; followed by Qu Yuan's works to explore related sites involved in releasing the distance, and bent from time to time in writing some words on the column. Notwithstanding will be attached to the Department, but the detailed majority. Moreover, as Zouhan Xun's "Qu Zaisheng DATE death test," Chen's "Death Quzai Sheng years test," quite valued by academics. "May Fourth Movement" after the "May Fourth Movement", and especially since the People's Republic Since the founding, "Songs of the South," the research into the history of the boom. the characteristics of this period, in addition to inheriting the Qing Pu School are researching respects the development and progress inside out, more importantly, the harvest is an attempt to view of historical materialism, and the poems of Qu Yuan to make a new assessment. representative works such as: Guo, "Qu Yuan" and Wen "Songs of the South make up the school," "Songs of the South a new meaning," Guo-en, "Chu Introduction "," Chu Proceedings "and he edited the" Songs of the South Commentaries feature length "(has a" Lament compile justice, "" Heaven Compilation righteousness "), Jiang Liangfu" Qu Yuan Fu School Notes, "Liu Yongji" Qu Yuan Tong Jian "" 笺 Quyu Yi "and so on. In short, two thousand years, the efforts of scholars through the ages," Songs of the South "Research has made great achievements, but there are still many remaining issues to be subject to further study. For example: the age-old words caused by language barriers, but also not completely clear; was popular in the history of South Chu legends and myths, the truth is still vague; works of writing, the land issue, debatable; some chapter of authenticity, awareness is not uniform, and so on, and in the Songs of the South's literary evaluation, the need for in-depth discussion. Tang Bing is
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Encyclopedia
Chuci Songs Warring States period, a rise of poetry in the style of Chu. "Songs of the South," the name, first seen in early Western Han Dynasty. Han Chinese is sometimes referred to it as "speech" or even referred to as "Fu." Also, because the Songs of the South is the most representative works of Qu Yuan's "Lament", so future generations will have to "show" to refer to the Songs of Chu. Such as "FU" in the "show" category, Liu Xie, "Wen Xin Diao Long" in the "Bian Sao", that is, in terms of the Chu. From the Han Dynasty, "Songs of the South" has become works of Qu Yuan, who always _set_ name. Origin of Chu Chu in China, Huaihe River Basin songs. It is being affected by "Book of Songs" some impact, but it has a direct blood relationship with, or born and raised in the south of the songs. Chu long songs, according to Liu Xiang, "said Yuan," recorded around the 6th century BC, the "Song of Yue People" and "Chu Song." "The Analects" of Confucius heard contained "take Yu Song" and "Mencius" also has "children songs" and so on. But these songs just grab a mere crumb of Chu to keep the historical record, but to the Warring States Period, a series of works of Qu Yuan, who appeared in the Chuguo Wen Tan, the Songs of the South a generation before the formation of literary style. "Lament" Zhao Qing dynasty doors should be The main author of Chu Yuan. He created a "Lament," "Nine Songs" "Nine," "Heaven" and other immortal works. Under the influence of Qu Yuan, Chu Chu and produced a number of authors. According to "Historical Records" record, with Yu, Donlar, King and poor people. The existing "Chu" total concentration, mainly the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu; Donlar poor work and King handed down mostly failed. Chu characteristics, Song Huang Bosi in the "Calibration Chu sequence," In summary: "cover all Sao Qu and Song, Chu language books are for Chu sound, recorded Chu, Chu things were, it can be called 'Songs' "(see" Song Jian "Juanjiu XII). This argument is correct. Besides, "Chu Ci" Qu, Song works involved in the historical legends, myths, customs, Customs and the use of artistic means, rich lyrical style, all with a distinctive color of Chu culture. This is the basic characteristics of Chu. They are illuminated and the Central Plains culture, an important part of Chu culture. Songs about early Western Han Dynasty has become Qu, Song, who works in general. "Historical Records", "Han" in the account of what the Western Han Dynasty, or the "Spring and Autumn" and "Songs of the South" on the move, or the "Six Arts" and "Songs of the South" side by side, have shown this. Three years of the late Western Han Cheng Di Ping River (BC 26) led the school in the Secretary of Liu Xiang, finishing Qu, Song of various works, the scheduled beginning of "Songs of the South." Although the late Eastern Han Zheng Xuan, Jin Guo Pu and other books in the comments of other occasions, and sometimes quoted Qu Yuan's works as "Lament" to represent said Chu, but as a general _set_ name of the "Songs of the South", has spread in the world. As for the "Songs of the South" _set_ the contents of this total, the number of volumes, Wang Yi, "Songs of the South and Syria," where once said: "Dai Zhi Liu Xiangdian school by the book, divided into sixteen volumes." "Si Ku Quan Shu" is said: "At first, Liu Xiang take out _set_ of Qu Yuan's" Lament, "" Nine Songs, "" Heaven "," Nine "," excursion "," Buju "," Fisherman ", Song" Nine Debate " "Evocation" King gap "big move" and to Jia Yi "Xi oath", Huainan hill "Hermits", Dongfang Shuo "seven Remonstrance", Yan Ji, "when sad life," Wang Bao "Nine pregnant" and Liu Xiang by the "Nine sighed," of the "Songs of the South," 16 is the total _set_ of ancestors. Yi and benefits in order to have a "nine thinking" and Ban Gu b 'Syria', 17 volumes, each worth note. " Liu Xiang scheduled "Chu Ci" 16 long-Wang Yi. Wang Yi is only 17 volumes of "Songs of the South" has spread, you can skip
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English Expression
: Elegies of Chu
n.: Songs of Chu
Thesaurus
Chu Ci
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classicalism
ancient books
Chinese literature
gem
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beautiful (true) jade
Qu Yuan
culture
poetry
the Warring States Period
art culture
deity
Heart Lamp
mountain deity
myth
history
literature
direct marketing; door-to-door sale
a literary form,sentimental or descriptive composition,often rhymed
Lament