Asia is an important and chestnut (Castanea mollissima), its so important, it is mainly chestnut wilt resistance
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No. 4
Wooden name. The chestnut. Song Tang adopt an extremely careful "syndrome herbal fruit chestnut": "there are chestnut, short-tailed bird chestnut, two tree Jie Tai."
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No. 5
Refers to the fruit, that chestnut. Ming Li's "Compendium of Materia Medica of a chestnut fruit": "The big chestnut who is chestnut, the chestnut son of center flat wedge. Smaller by the mountain chestnut. Chestnut Hill and the end point of the circle who is Chestnut."
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No. 6
Scientific name: castanea mollissima blume English name: chestnut Family: Fagaceae fagaceae Peach, apricot, plum, dates and said "five fruit." Fagaceae Castanea deciduous tree. This genus distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa. The main cultivated species as well as Europe and Japan, Li Li. Chestnut is one of the oldest cultivated fruit China, there are about 2,000 to 3,000 years of cultural history. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, margin serrate. Flowers unisexual; male as catkins, mature involucre split, chestnut off. Nuts purple-brown, yellow-brown hair, or nearly smooth, pale yellow flesh. Fruit sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins and minerals. Chinese chestnut varieties generally divided into northern and southern chestnut chestnut two categories: small northern chestnut nuts, waxy flesh, suitable for fried, well-known varieties Ming Li, steeple oil chestnut, chestnut and so pick out. South Chestnut larger nuts, fruit pulp japonica, fitness for vegetable varieties are nine kinds, Kui Li, shallow stab big chestnut. Tree sexual vigor. Developed root system, there are mycorrhizal symbiosis. More drought resistance, barren, mountainous appropriate for cultivation. Suitable acidic soils. Multi-line seedling planting, but also grafting. Dense hard wood, moisture. Branches, bark and involucre containing tannin, tannin can be extracted. Chestnut long history. Sima Qian in Western Han Dynasty "Historical Records" and "Records" in there "Yan, Li Qin Arcadia, ...... everyone with this its one thousand Hou, etc.," the clearly documented. "Su Chuan" in the "Qin said Yan Wen Hou Day: South Tateishi Yanmen Rao, north of jujube Li Li, China, though not secret agents, and sufficient to carry chestnut date, this so-called Tianfu also," said. Western Jin Lu as "Book of Songs" as a note also said: "Li, Jie five parties, but delicious sweet Yuyang Fan Yang living longer, place less also." Thus, the working people of our country as early as 6,000 years ago had cultivated chestnut. Chestnut Born hilly gradients and multi-flood zone, Hebei, Shandong, southern Shaanxi Zhen'an is famous chestnut areas. Lacey big chestnut deciduous trees, saplings growing season before the result, stout branches, tree upright; Results growing gradually slowed, crown semicircle; later into the flourishing, growing ease, branches short, cylindrical crown head shape. Leaves hypertrophy, elongated oval, serrated leaf edge, the entire blade up along the main veins were flat shape. Fruit, average weight of 25 grams, which is 2.5 times the red chestnut. Early, high yield. Annual rootstock grafted on the results of the first two years was 61.5% at 3 years old grafted rootstock, when the results of the rate of 37.5%; 3-year-old saplings 1/15 hectare 121.1 kg, 1.8 times the red chestnut; 12 years Spanning hectare yield of 382.8 kg, 13.8% higher than red chestnut. Sweet glutinous quality, superior quality, better than the red chestnut. Vitamin C content was 36.5 milligrams per hundred grams of fresh samples, total soluble sugar content of 10.54 mg per hundred grams of fresh samples, starch, crude protein, crude fat content of dried samples were 26.57%, 7.24% and 1.745%. Strong resistance, with a strong ability to adapt to the soil PH 6.5 to 7.5, less than 0.2% saline conditions, can be planted, and get high and stable yield, and less pest damage on rainfall and adapt to climate larger scope. Mainly located in Shandong Province Lacey City and town homes on the Marin Town. Deciduous tree, up to 15m, diameter 1m. Crown flat ball. Bark brown, irregular dark longitudinal. Young branches densely gray-brown hair. He leaves oblong or broadly cuneate, apex lateral veins protruding jagged, sawtooth-shaped formation Mans, the following gray, pubescent. Male inflorescence velvet lines. Hi light, lack of light caused by dead branches or results. On the soil loose, hi fertile and moist, well-drained sandy loam or spine, strong resistance against harmful gases. Avoid stagnant water, avoid heavy clay soil. Deep-rooted, according to the Department developed, sprouting ability, resistance to cutting, more pests. In addition, the variety of different varieties hardy, drought-tolerant. Life for more than 300 years. Glauca lush foliage, rich shade canopy fullness. It is appropriate for the Court of shade trees, 2,3 strains clump planting, can be configured in the nightside buildings, often used as a base graft evergreen forest keynote species, have the effect of Yousui mountains. Green can be used in industrial and mining noise, wind, fire walls or for hedge forest, scenic and should be in the configuration of tree species composition of the forest landscape. Planting or grafting. Seedlings begin flowering around six years, late flowering low yields, often 2 to 3 years old seedling rootstock of production before and after the show leaves grafting. Planting should not be too deep to seedling root collar open field as well. Timely treatment pests. Chestnut high nutritional value, sweet aroma, containing 51 to 60% starch, protein 5.7-10.7%, 2-7.4% fat, sugar, starch, crude fiber, carotene, vitamin a, b,, b:, c, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals, nutrients available for the body to absorb and utilize up to 98%. To ten grains calculate calories 204 calories, fat content is less than 1 gram, there is a kind of fruit shell of the lowest fat content. Widely used in food processing, cooking banquets and 1990. Chestnut eaten raw, fried Safe, roasted chestnuts, mixed roast chicken, fragrant and delicious, the mill, also made a variety of dishes, cakes, canned food. Chestnut and easy storage and preservation, extend market served. Chestnut prolific in the hillside, foreign called "health food", belonging to stomach and kidney, longevity of the finest fruit. Chestnut body is a treasure, you can do the processing system dry chestnut, chestnut flour, chestnut sauce, chestnut paste, cakes, canned food, chestnut soup is for all ages, nutritious candy. Chestnut tree hard material, texture, straight, moisture corrosion, manufacturing industry, travel, furniture and other good materials; leaves, bark, bud thorn rich tannins, can be extracted roasted glue; flowers are good nectar. Each part can be used as medicine chestnut, chestnut spleen qi, eliminate heat, Nutshell cure nausea called astringent bark decoction to wash erysipelas, roots can cure migraine kidney embolism. But Chestnut unfit for human consumption too much, not too much to digest raw, cooked food too easy to stagnation gas, diabetics should eat or not eat, because the sugar content is very high chestnut. Chestnut therapeutic efficacy Cold and sweet chestnut with stomach and spleen, kidney gluten function. Sun Ssu Tang Dynasty, said: "chestnut, the fruit also kidney, kidney Yi Shi." "Compendium of Materia Medica" that:. "Chestnut cure kidney, waist, leg weakness, can pass kidney Qi, thick stomach also" Su Su's brother Blessed by a chestnut son was writing poetry therapeutic efficacy, "Tim old self back foot disease, Fang Shan Chuan Weng old. passengers to Morningside late to say, three pharyngeal Xu received jade pulp." eating chestnut can benefit qi and blood, raising stomach, kidney, spleen and liver and spleen; raw food as well as the treatment of lumbar and leg pain, getting a vivid effect. Chestnuts contain high starch can provide high heat, and potassium helps maintain normal heartbeat regularity, cellulose is able to strengthen the intestinal tract, maintaining the normal operation of the excretory system. Chestnuts useful adjuvant treatment of kidney, so called "kidney fruit." Due to the soft rich chestnut dietary fiber, diabetic patients may also be appropriate taste. But difficult to digest raw chestnuts, cooked and easy to stagnation gas, so one should not eat. Best chestnuts as a snack between meals, eat in the food or do, rather than after a meal to eat a lot in order to avoid excessive intake of calories, is not conducive to maintaining body weight. Fresh chestnuts easy moldy, eating moldy chestnuts can cause poisoning, so the deterioration of the chestnut can not eat. In medicine, chestnut sweet warm, non-toxic, nourishing liver and spleen have medical effects, the body's bone. Often eaten raw and leg weakness can be cured, husk and bark have astringent; fresh leaves can cure topical skin inflammation; spent to treat ulcers and diarrhea M., cure hernia. Non prescription multi chestnuts, raw food daily morning and evening one to two, can cure impotence elderly, weak urinary frequency; born Li smashed drunk, spreads in the affected area, can cure bruises, sore muscles, but also the pain to stop bleeding, sepsis absorption effect. "Chinese chestnut is Jingdong, Jingdong chestnut is Qianxi" Qianxi County is located in Yanshan Mountain, at the foot of the Great Wall, Luan water coast. Qianxi Chestnut Hebei Province, the traditional characteristics of agricultural products, has 2,000 years of cultural history, the unique soil and climate conditions created its excellent taste and flavor, the products are mainly exported to the United States, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan and Shanghai, Guangzhou , Dalian, Shenzhen, Kunming and other cities in more than 60 domestic, domestic and foreign consumers. Qianxi Chestnut exquisite shape, bright color, non-stick endothelium; nuts were beige, waxy strong, sweet aroma, taste good; rich in vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids and iron, calcium, trace elements, long-term consumption can be achieved stomach, spleen, kidney, beauty and other health effects, there is the East, "Pearl" and "Purple" reputation, is the Japanese called "Chinese chestnut's best food." Qianxi Chestnut pure natural wild state growth, no chemical fertilizers, pesticides, farmers harvest fruit drop by to pick up naturally. Chestnut maturity is good, high sugar, resistant storage, rare insects. Currently, Qianxi chestnut cultivation area of 60 acres, 30 million, have all been certified by the fruit producing area in Hebei province, annual production reached 20,000 tons or more. 2004, Qianxi won the "Special Award for the top ten counties chestnut industry"; 2005, "Qianxi Chestnut" certification mark was named "Hebei Province." Xinyang Chestnut Xinyang is located on the north-south geographical boundaries of superior natural conditions suitable for growing a variety of crops and animal and plant breeding, agricultural and sideline native species and large output. Particularly among the oldest chestnut Xinyang, Xinyang county _set_s off the king said to the city offering plate unearthed in the early Warring States Period, there Chestnut wreckage. Chestnut produced in the region has a large, tender, thin, sweet, bright color, full particles, etc., produced in Dora, a small mall counties chestnut oil, thin skin, flesh, unique flavor, easy vermin, easy storage and transportation, popular with consumers of all ages. Xinyang annual chestnut Hundreds of tons, Shao shop Chestnut Chestnut is Xinyi City Shao Zhen Shuhe village special products, is one of the key areas of the country chestnut, several hundred years of history. Shao Zhen is called "the first town of Chinese chestnut." Actively introduce coke tie, green tie, at the Department of red, Red October and a number of high-quality varieties of chestnut, chestnut expert organizations in accordance with international and domestic advanced technology industries, with local conditions, develop and improve the "pollution fine chestnut demonstration garden standards." , "focused on the production of high-quality technology chestnut", "chestnut pest pollution prevention calendar", "chestnut standardized production management technology rules" and other four chestnut production standards. Follow the typical model, the principle of the scale of development, the establishment of the city, town and village levels demonstration garden; scientific and technological personnel and farms, face to face training; each project area for the production of chestnut conduct random checks, to establish a comprehensive monitoring system, thus contributing to the Chestnut project area continues to develop standardized production. Currently, the city's production of "Shuhe" brand chestnut has been identified as pollution-free agricultural products, Shao Zhen was hailed as the Chinese Academy of Experts "China plain chestnut first town." Shao shop chestnut, chestnut oil, chestnut hair into two types. Li Shao store large oil which is best, large grain (about 40 per jin), color shiny shiny, loose meat, taste sweet, waxy and other characteristics. In recent years, after two _select_ion, breeding has increased nine Xinyi, always red, dragon chestnut and other plant varieties, the provincial inspection identified as regional development varieties; already in the province to promote. The 1983 national export production base construction achievements exhibition; Shao shop chestnut in the exhibition, was MOFTEC Honor. Ten years Shao shop chestnut exports expanding, popular in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, Japanese businessmen named to store large oil Shao Li, Shao shop chestnut achieved a high reputation in the international market, famous far and near. Sincerely welcome home parties to negotiate a successful export, investment and other matters relating to join! There are also many chestnut in Longan County, Guangxi Nanning on the outskirts of the village has a reputation Chestnut
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Name
Scientific Name / Latin name: Castanea mollissima Blume English name: Chestnut Alias: chestnuts, chestnut hair Peach, apricot, plum, dates and said "five fruit."
Fagaceae Castanea chestnut is a tree or shrub in a general term, about 8-9 species native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, most species are 20-40 meters tall deciduous chestnut trees, only a few are shrubs. Various chestnut bears edible nuts, leaf, oval or oblong, 10-30 cm long and 4-10 cm wide, margin bristle-like teeth. Hermaphrodite, male catkin is upright, the number of female flowers born singly or within involucre. Nuts concealed in dense spikes of involucre, involucre diameter of 5-11 cm, an inner involucral have 1-7 nuts. American chestnut tree was originally the main eastern United States, but is an infectious fungal disease is almost extinct chestnut tree species in Europe and West Asia book is also susceptible to infection, but Chinese and Japanese chestnut species are resistant to this fungus, it is now American introduction, cultivation of hybrid species resistant to fungus.
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Distributed
This genus distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa. The main cultivated species as well as Europe and Japan, Li Li.
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In China
Chestnut is one of the oldest cultivated fruit China has about 2,000 to 3,000 years of cultural history. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, margin serrate. Flowers unisexual; male as catkins, mature involucre split, chestnut off. Nuts purple-brown, yellow-brown hair, or nearly smooth, pale yellow flesh. Fruit sugar, starch, protein, fat and vitamins and minerals. Hundred varieties of chestnut trees Chinese chestnut chestnut roughly divided into northern and southern chestnut two categories: small northern chestnut nuts, waxy flesh, suitable for fried, well-known varieties Ming Li, steeple oil chestnut, chestnut and so pick out. South Chestnut larger nuts, fruit pulp japonica, fitness for vegetable varieties are nine kinds, Kui Li, shallow stab big chestnut. Tree sexual vigor. Developed root system, there are mycorrhizal symbiosis. More drought-resistant infertile, Appropriate for mountain cultivation. Suitable acidic soils. Multi-line seedling planting, but also grafting. Dense hard wood, moisture. Branches, bark and involucre containing tannin, tannin can be extracted. Chestnut long history. Sima Qian in Western Han Dynasty "Historical Records" and "Records" in there "Yan, Li Qin Arcadia, ...... everyone with this its one thousand Hou, etc.," the clearly documented. "Su Chuan" There are "Qin said Yan Wen Hou Day: South Tateishi Yanmen Rao, north of jujube Li Li, China, though not secret agents, and sufficient to carry chestnut date, this so-called Tianfu also," said. Western Jin Lu as "Book of Songs" Make note also said: "Li, Jie five parties, but delicious sweet Yuyang Fan Yang living longer, place less also." Thus, the working people of our country had been cultivated as early as 6,000 years ago chestnut. Chestnut Born hilly gradients and multi-flood zone, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei Huanggang, Xinyang Roshan, Southern Zhen'an is famous chestnut areas.
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Variety
Tufted chestnut (C. alnifolia) Japanese chestnut (C. crenata) American chestnut (C. dentata) Pearl chestnut (C. henryi) Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) American hazelnut chestnut (C. ozarkensis) American dwarf chestnut (C. pumila) European chestnut (C. sativa) Mao chestnut (C. seguinii)
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Growth Characteristics
Hi light, lack of light caused by dead branches or results. On the soil loose, hi fertile and moist, well-drained sandy loam or spine, strong resistance against harmful gases. Avoid stagnant water, avoid heavy clay soil. Deep-rooted, according to the Department developed, sprouting ability, resistance to cutting, more pests. In addition, the variety of different varieties hardy, drought-tolerant. Life for more than 300 years. Glauca lush foliage, rich shade canopy fullness. It is appropriate for the Court of shade trees, 2,3 strains clump planting, can be configured in the nightside buildings, often used as a base graft evergreen forest keynote species, have the effect of Yousui mountains. Green can be used in industrial and mining noise, wind, fire walls or for hedge forest, scenic and should be in the configuration of tree species composition of the forest landscape.
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Planting techniques
A fertility characteristics: Chestnut adaptation to climate and soil conditions range more widely. Its average annual temperature is suitable lO.5-21.8 ℃, the temperature is too high, hibernate insufficient, poor growth and development, the temperature is too low, vulnerable to frost damage. Chestnut both like moist soil moisture, but was worried waterlogging Akira ring, if rainfall is excessive, long-term soil water, especially vulnerable to the impact of mycorrhizal root growth. Therefore, not suitable for development in low-lying areas waterlogged chestnut. Chestnut is more sensitive to soil pH, suitable for growing in the slightly acidic soil PH value 5-6, this is because the chestnut is a high-manganese plant, under acidic conditions, can be activated manganese, calcium and nutrients, is conducive to the absorption of chestnut and use. Xuzhou yellow beach in Hainan margin, the annual average temperature of 13.7 a 14.1 ℃, annual precipitation is 782-946 mm, suitable for millet tree growth and development. Second, the cultivation and management techniques: (A) Chestnut Corner options: Chestnut Park should choose a lower groundwater levels, well-drained sandy loam. Avoid soil salinity, humidity flood, wind and planting areas. In the hilly park opened millet should choose flat terrain, thick soil near mountain region, after gradually expanded to the less developed regions. (B) The _select_ion of species: Species _select_ion should be based on local varieties bred mainly planted varieties, such as artillery No. 2, No. 1, Chen Guo, etc., appropriate to introduce Shi Feng, New Haven, Haifeng, green hair soft spines, Chushuben red varieties. Depending on the food requirements, should be the main varieties of fried chestnut, chestnut proper development of superior varieties of dishes, both to take into account exports, but also take into account the domestic market demand. Meanwhile done early, middle and late varieties reasonable match. (C) the rational allocation of pollination tree: Chestnut pollen spread mainly by wind, but because there are male and female flowers dichogamy chestnut and self-pollinated phenomenon, often due to poor pollination single species produce empty bud. So the new chestnut tree pollination must be prepared 10%. Practice has proved that Xinyang City for pollination tree with red Chushu better. (D) close planting: Close planting is the basic measures to improve the yield per unit area. Chestnut Plains to 30-40 lines per acre, Chestnut Mountain 40-60 plants per acre is appropriate. Close planting plan can be planted per acre Chestnut 60-111 strain, after the gradual thinning interlaced lines separated. (E) reasonable fertilization: Chestnut is an important basis for rational fertilization high yield. Basal should farmyard manure mainly to improve the soil, increase water retention capacity of the soil and fertilizer, to provide more comprehensive nutritional elements. Application time to apply postharvest fruit in autumn as well, higher temperatures this period, fertilizer easy to maturity; same period occurred at a time when new roots, which will help absorb, thus contributing to the accumulation of tree nutrition on differentiation of a good female role in the coming year . Available nitrogen-based fertilizer to meet phosphorus, potash, fertilizer in early spring and summer time, spring applied generally planted in early topdressing urea 0.3-0.5 kg of fruit per plant, full fruit trees topdressing urea per plant 2 kg. After the chase to combine water, give full play to fertilizer. Dressing in mid-summer late July to August. Then facilities available nitrogen and phosphate can promote increased fruit flesh plump · improve fruit quality. Foliage spray several times a year, the focus should do well twice. The first is the base of the leaf branches in early spring just started from yellow to green when the urea spray of 0.3% -0.5% 0.3% a 0.5% borax, whose role is to promote basic leaf function, improve photosynthesis, promote the formation of flower pots; second time before harvest a half months and 15 days interval lO a spray 2 O. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the main role is to improve the photosynthetic performance, and promote the transfer of 12 officers in the blades and other nutrients to the fruit, a significant increase in the role of a single grain weight. (Vi) Irrigation: Chestnut representing hi water. Former general germination and rapid growth of fruit each irrigation once conducive to normal growth and development of fruit trees and fruit quality improved. (Seven) pruning: Chestnut tree pruning points Dongjian and Xiajian. Dongjian from the leaves to sprout before next spring, it can promote tree growing millet and female form. The main methods are cutting back, thinning, retraction, slow release, bending branch and scarification. Summer pruning mainly refers to Maya in the growing season, topping, in addition to male and thinning, and its role is to promote branching, increased female flower, seed rate and single grain weight. 1, stub: cut part of a year old branches. Stubs can promote branching, enhanced vigor, compact crown, reducing male, adjust the distribution of nutrients. For busy tree pruning Wangzhi can be delayed, such as cutting back after germination. 2, retraction: Is the perennial branch stub. Used for weak growth, results relocation site, bore a serious perennial bare branches. 3, thinning: namely, twigs, branches and light gear bore the slender branches from the base Thinning. 4 hats cut: round marks in the vicinity of the shoot topping numbers were different winter stub. Wheel marks left on the shoots through 2-4 small buds called stub wearing hats trimmed living, such as properly handled, the small buds on the cap and wheel marks big bud sticks to pumping raw results. Wheel marks on the shoot buds without leaving stubs called dead wearing hats trimmed so that the next round of big buds sprouted result marks branches. Under normal circumstances, the potential is not strong branch died out wearing a hat scissors, branches engage potential Qiangwang live hats worn scissors. 5, slow release: slow release is not cut. The main role is to disperse nutrition, relaxation vigor. Wang tree for multi-use slow release trim. 6, bending branch and carved injury: on top of each buds did not use the crown topping the Qiangwang auxiliary support branch, bud in the spring sap flow to be leveled during the opening blossoms, and in need of germination sites were inscribed injury, so pumping raw Qiangwang its branches, when the winter pruning, and then slowly leveled branches retraction to put on a strong branches sprouted site. 7, topping: When the shoots grow to 30 cm, will shoot to the top removed. Mainly used in busy branches, branches of Health aims to promote early results. Topping 2-3 times a year. The results of the early results of tree branches and shoots grow vigorously, when the shoots grow before the fruit, leaving 3-5 buds topping. If the tip before topping can form around a robust three branches, branches to improve the results of the proportion occurred while also slowing result relocation site, 8, in addition to the male: the male inflorescence branches, leaving only a few, the rest of the removal. Its main function is to control nutrition, promote and enhance the female form knot strength. (Eight) thinning and pollination: Flowers can be removed by hand sparse direct epigenetic flowers, inferior flowers, keeping Mr. big flower, good flower, usually reserved for each branch was 1-3 female flowers appropriate. Thinning is best to use thinning shears, leaving a single bud between each section. When thinning, to grasp the crown periphery stay, stay small bore principle. Artificial pollination, should choose good quality, large grain, into the heat of the early, easy to peel skin astringent varieties for pollination tree. When a male inflorescence branches or majority of male inflorescence flower clusters just from green to yellow anthers, the male inflorescence booth before 5:00 will be taken under glass or on the net in the white paper, put in a dry non- wind, turning two times a day, will fall pollen and anthers brown bottle into a clean backup. When the multi-lobed stigma of a total of three female flower bud is fully extended to the anti-roll yellowing, with a brush or pencil with eraser head, dipped in pollen on the stigma point of anti-roll. As tall tree when dipped inconvenience can be sprinkled gauze bag shaking method or dusting method, according to a copy of pollen plus five from potato flour filler ratio. (Nine) harvesting and storage: 1, the harvest: There are two chestnut harvesting methods, namely millet and playing pick chestnut Law Act. Chestnut Chestnut law is to be picked up fully into heat, the natural ground, pick chestnut artificial reality. In order to facilitate pick chestnuts, chestnut bud before opening spell to clear the ground of weeds. When harvested, the first vibration about the tree, and then falling real chestnut, chestnut bud all picking clean. Must adhere to a daily morning and evening pick up again, with the pick-up with storage. Pick chestnut chestnut method has the advantage of real full enrichment, high yield, good quality, storability strong. Playing chestnut law is scattered batches will mature chestnut bud knocked gently with a bamboo pole, and then the chestnut bud, solid chestnut picking clean. This approach harvest, usually 2-3 days to play again. When playing bud from the periphery inward crown beating off the twig vibration chestnut bud, so as not to damage the branches and leaves. Prohibited once the maturity to lay all the different chestnut bud. Knocked chestnut bud harvest should be "sweating" as soon as possible, because there was a higher temperature, moisture chestnut solid, high respiration rate, a lot of heat, such as the treatment is not timely, chestnut real easy to mildew. Approach is to choose the shade cold ventilated place, the chestnut bud spread thin, the thickness of 20-30 cm is appropriate, a day splashing flip, cool "sweating" treatment for 2-3 days, artificial threshing. 2, Storage: There are three chestnut real fear: one span, the second is fear of dry, three are afraid of cold. Under normal temperature conditions, chestnut real decay occurs mainly in the month after harvest time, then call it a dangerous period. 2-3 months after harvest, decay less, then it is rhythm. Therefore, to do pre-shipment or storage of temporary storage before the kiln is the key to real chestnut prevent rotting. Relatively simple temporary method is to choose the cold damp places, according to the real number of chestnut build a corresponding size storage shed. Ceiling with bamboo (wooden) beam rods ride, with a reed mat on which coverage, surrounded by tree branches or corn, sorghum stalks surrounded prevent sun and dry. To shed leveling the ground, paving the way about l0 cm thick sand, then press l copies chestnut solid 3-5 parts of sand mixing ratio, the chestnut solid piled on top, 30-40 cm high pile, surrounded by heaps of wet sand covered 10 cm. Start turning once every 3-5 days, 5-7 days after turning once every half, every flip want real rotten chestnut picked. To prevent drying, also pay attention to watering moisture. Yanshan Chestnut 1, China is the hometown of chestnuts, chestnut cultivation of a long history, dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Book of Songs" goes: "chestnut outside the East Gate, not between gardens, the trees are"; "Zuo Zhuan" there "line chestnut, watch Road tree also," the record shows that at the time had been planted chestnut into the garden or as a street tree. 2, "Lu" record "If there are three United States who have a view of Chestnut Hill." "Ji Chestnut Mountain," is now referred to by the middle of the Yanshan Mountains chestnut, 2007 in accordance with the provisions of geographical indication protection, Miyun County 10 administrative regions dominates the town and other towns by the middle of the stone is authentic Yanshan Chestnut Chestnut. Chestnut origin widely distributed in many countries around the world and our country has produced, but the only Yanshan chestnut party is one of the three United States who, it is rich in water and soil quality local variety of minerals and in particular climate condition decision. 3, Three Kingdoms, Lu Ji's "Mao sparse vegetation, fish and insects," said:. "...... Only five parties Yuyang Li Jie, Fan Yang long chestnut sweet taste, the other party is also noted less." Yuyang that today's Miyun County, southwest , Fan Yang Zhuo County, which is now, Yixian east of places, seen early Yanshan area is famous chestnut origin. 4, nutrient-rich chestnut, the "king of nuts" reputation. Roasted chestnut began in the Song Dynasty. Autumn, just pan of chestnuts scent floating in the street to attract passers-by, all ages love this one snack, eat mouth, fragrance mouthful of food for thought. From early times are Beijing, Tianjin region is still passed down the generations like chant Tangchaolizai Quotes: "heap deep fried yellow plate chestnuts, wine taste-off to a long talk rope lights cold fire three more semi-candle stub, in front of the high. shout 'irrigation gum'. " 5, historical records and said: sand iron kettle _set_, to be sizzling on caramel _set_ the fire, which cast chestnut roll stir Sunburn, cooked reddish brown chestnut shell, shelled fruit loose, soft, sweet, sweet, to Snack treasures. Chestnut will reveal a cute little mouth on the shell fried after smile to face its guests. After the dial shelled, they brazenly aroma body sprang from the warm, destroy your nose, throat and stomach. According to the "analysis of Tianjin Diary" contains "Su Yan Min though that date is sufficient farming and chestnut, 唐时范 positive contribution to soil, this autumn Yanjing City restaurants and places Yang burst of gravel mixed with miscellaneous, chestnut worse than South Africa and small, and taste quite willing to Royal chestnut name. " 6 people in Gao Qing Kraus' book together transcripts sun, "said:" and to the capital, see City restaurants external wood doors pot, one Xianghuo, one Gaozuo on the machine, the operator of Long Ping Tieshao stir frequently, so even partial. "scenario describes the Chao Lizi was very vivid and specific. Beijing, however, there are eight tips Tangchaolizai words: "and to moisten the sugar, in order to grit", so as to achieve "full of solid, very Roucui shells, hand stripping of micro-shell meat from which film is not easy to sticky "the desired effect. Yanshan Mountains are famous mountains in northern China, geographic area chestnut cultivation has begun to take shape in the Spring and Autumn period, dating back more than two thousand years of history, the Yanshan Chestnut thin due to generosity, tolerance sweet taste, etc., are enjoyed by ancient palace . Shicheng Town Bay Village Yanshan Territory of Manshan students have chestnut, chestnut hundreds of trees more than a century, it was known as the "Yanshan chestnut source." Changping District of Beijing Yanshan Chestnut is a unique product, the main producing areas, the former Township under Changping District, Changping District, Beijing Montenegro stockade country, two townships of chestnut in China should be considered the best of the many varieties of Yan Red, Yan Chang, etc., most soil sandy soil, as we all know watermelons grow in the sand, the most sweet, small, tasty, empathy, chestnut, too, there are a few counties in Hebei also Chestnut Yes, should all grow in the sand on the ground, rather than long fertile land, chestnut sub fertile land is large, not particularly tasty, the package was difficult, because there is a layer of chestnut inside a small film, not a particularly good package ,, plus local honest, honest, rarely giving a great fertilizer, natural growth ingredients, of course, some very few farmers in order to pursue the use of fertilizer production, but not universally, if not trust, you can go to the local understanding, and other origin is not the same, some of origin in order to increase production, under the leadership of the local government, a lot of use of fertilizers, increase production, thereby chestnut mixed, not tell, can not even tell, should be all one flavor, like too, only experts can tell the difference, only in the case of ordinary people unknowingly depth where blind consumption, although there is no harm to the body, but the long-term consumption, or a threat to people's health. Luotian Chestnut Description: "Silkworm silk, honey bees, tree knot oil production Chestnut Hill," which is the eastern part of Hubei Dabie Mountain area luotian People are proud of specialty, to be rich in pride. The county chestnut in the spring, before the start of the Warring States have planted. Variety, unique taste and color, origin, distributed all over the county, but foreign sales of its products are labeled "Luotian chestnut." Luotian chestnut nuts containing starch, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins A, B, C,, B2 and other substances. Contained 30% higher than rice protein, fat, and 20 times higher than rice. Luotian chestnut unique quality and reputation, attracting many foreigners. Professor of the University of Lorton traveled to the United States and Australia luotian visit, he passed on Luotian chestnut varieties fieldwork believes Luotian "world Chestnut gene pool ", and actively introduce the American business community to develop China luotian chestnut products. Experts Japan Canada Italy and other countries had 20 times to luotian visit marvel of its quality chestnut is said that Japan will luotian be processed after importation chestnut, chestnut made unique flavor of food, and called "ginseng fruit." Needless to say, the world luotian Luotian chestnut has not satisfied the people's production of fresh chestnuts, chestnut their sights on the deep processing of the county has built a five chestnut preservation and over 200 small cannery.; Next plans to develop candied chestnut, frozen chestnut meat. chestnut flour. chestnut preserved. chestnut jelly. chestnut and chestnut mushroom sauce and other new products come on the market until these chestnuts, luotian become world-famous "chestnut Kingdom" will be far off. Sovereigns king Chestnut Group brands are Mashimaro, subtropical and warm temperate products from the transition zone of Lu'an City, the city's annual rainfall of 1100-1500mm, acidic soil, chestnut cultivation has a long history, rich variety of resources, is the group of chestnut varieties Yangtze River The cultivation area of focus. Since the late 1980s, has been developed to acquire Sovereigns king Chestnut Chestnut 50 acres, 16 million, with an annual chestnut 25,000 tons, annual output value of more than billion. One of the seven chestnut production of key enterprises, the State Forestry Administration, was named the "National Famous Brand forest chestnut brand." Sovereigns king chestnut filtered cultivated more than 10 varieties suitable for fine chestnut cultivation area, has initially formed as early as early as chestnuts, chestnut large waist, Okuma fruit, chestnuts late as the representatives of the late-maturing varieties. Implementation of various regional varieties cultivated form time to market early (late August-September Festival early), yield, long duration characteristics, with fruit, bright color, astringent skin easy to peel, quality and other characteristics, deep by the majority of consumers. Sovereigns king built chestnut chestnut East China's largest trading market - Boat red chestnut in the market, the annual trade volume of more than 15,000 tons of chestnut, preferential policies, low fees, good market environment, attracting thousands of Chestnut Chestnut businessmen came to participate in the purchase and sale, Sovereigns king chestnut sold nationwide in 22 provinces, municipalities (autonomous regions) and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, Art Institute of Chicago. With the gradual arrival of fruiting and full fruit saplings, the next 2-3 years Sovereigns king chestnut production will reach 30,000 tons, facing huge selling pressure. Doing everything possible to expand sales channels chestnut, chestnut Storage and carry out deep-processing products, extend the industrial chain, is the king of chestnut brand Sovereigns only way to produce smooth development. Qianxi Chestnut "Chinese chestnut is Jingdong, Jingdong chestnut is Qianxi" Qianxi County is located in Yanshan Mountain, at the foot of the Great Wall, Luan water coast. Qianxi Chestnut Hebei Province, the traditional characteristics of agricultural products, has 2,000 years of cultural history, the unique soil and climate conditions created its excellent taste and flavor, the products are mainly exported to the United States, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan and Shanghai, Guangzhou , Dalian, Shenzhen, Kunming and other cities in more than 60 domestic, domestic and foreign consumers. Qianxi Chestnut exquisite shape, bright color, non-stick endothelium; nuts were beige, waxy strong, sweet aroma, taste good; rich in vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids and iron, calcium, trace elements, long-term consumption can be achieved stomach, spleen, kidney, beauty and other health effects, there is the East, "Pearl" and "Purple" reputation, is the Japanese called "Chinese chestnut's best food." Qianxi Chestnut pure natural wild state growth, no chemical fertilizers, pesticides, farmers harvest fruit drop by to pick up naturally. Chestnut maturity is good, high sugar, resistant storage, rare insects. Currently, Qianxi chestnut cultivation area of 60 acres, 30 million, have all been certified by the fruit producing area in Hebei province, annual production reached 20,000 tons or more. 2004, Qianxi won the "Special Award for the top ten counties chestnut industry"; 2005, "Qianxi Chestnut" certification mark was named "Hebei Province." Xinyang Chestnut Xinyang is located on the north-south geographical boundaries of superior natural conditions suitable for growing a variety of crops and animal and plant breeding, agricultural and sideline native species and large output. Particularly among the oldest chestnut Xinyang, Xinyang county _set_s off the king said to the city offering plate unearthed in the early Warring States Period, there Chestnut wreckage. Chestnut produced in the region has a large, tender, thin, sweet, bright color, full particles, etc., produced in Dora, a small mall counties chestnut oil, thin skin, flesh, unique flavor, easy vermin, easy storage and transportation, popular with consumers of all ages. Xinyang annual chestnut Hundreds of tons, County Chestnut New County is located in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains, the Yangtze Huaihe River watershed, a vast mountain area, suitable area for the chestnut, the area and production in Henan Province, the first one. Chestnut area of 32.4 acres of existing 2001 annual chestnut 17,000,000 kg. According to the survey estimates, this chestnut production will reach 20 million kg. April 2000 a new county was named the national name, gifted, special forest "Chestnut township." County rainfall, fertile land, abundant sunshine. In particular, the construction of environmental protection as a national ecological demonstration counties. Good natural environment so that the new county chestnut has good quality. Listed earlier, a large, thin, fleshy, good taste for the new county Chestnut won the favor of the market. Shao shop Chestnut Chestnut is Xinyi City Shao Zhen Shuhe village special products, is one of the key areas of the country chestnut, several hundred years of history. Shao Zhen is called "the first town of Chinese chestnut." Actively introduce coke tie, green tie, at the Department of red, Red October and a number of high-quality varieties of chestnut, chestnut expert organizations in accordance with international and domestic advanced technology industries, with local conditions, develop and improve the "pollution fine chestnut demonstration garden standards." , "focused on the production of high-quality technology chestnut", "chestnut pest pollution prevention calendar", "chestnut standardized production management technology rules" and other four chestnut production standards. Follow the typical model, the principle of the scale of development, the establishment of the city, town and village levels demonstration garden; scientific and technological personnel and farms, face to face training; each project area for the production of chestnut conduct random checks, to establish a comprehensive monitoring system, thus contributing to the Chestnut project area continues to develop standardized production. Currently, the city's production of "Shuhe" brand chestnut has been identified as pollution-free agricultural products, Shao Zhen was hailed as the Chinese Academy of Experts "China plain chestnut first town." Shao shop chestnut, chestnut oil, chestnut hair into two types. Li Shao store large oil which is best, large grain (about 40 per jin), color shiny shiny, loose meat, taste sweet, waxy and other characteristics. In recent years, after two _select_ion, breeding has increased nine Xinyi, always red, dragon chestnut and other plant varieties, the provincial inspection identified as regional development varieties; already in the province to promote. The 1983 national export production base construction achievements exhibition; Shao shop chestnut in the exhibition, was MOFTEC Honor. Ten years Shao shop chestnut exports expanding, popular in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, Japanese businessmen named to store large oil Shao Li, Shao shop chestnut achieved a high reputation in the international market, famous far and near. Sincerely welcome home parties to negotiate a successful export, investment and other matters relating to join! There are also many chestnut in Longan County, Guangxi Nanning on the outskirts of the village has a reputation Chestnut ★ If you want to know more cultivation techniques and other more relevant information about the chestnut, see the Chinese chestnut network, Site at: http://www.banli.net.cn Macheng Chestnut Hubei Macheng rich chestnut, chestnut cultivation history about 1500 years. Chestnut varieties, national chestnut town. The main varieties are unique taste and color of red chestnut, early chestnut, chestnut oil, wool and other 17 varieties of chestnut, chestnut husk early ruddy, crisp flesh, its sweet fragrance;. Red chestnut shell color crimson bright, crisp flesh tender and tasty, eating into the sweet; wool chestnut husk and has cream-colored color purple furry, fragrance raw food, cooked sweet mayonnaise; oil chestnut husk green shiny black, rich greasy, food such as sweet-scented osmanthus fragrant, sweet like pears Yi, top grade chestnut. Exports to the United States, Canada, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. Ma is located in the Dabie Mountain area cities. Beautiful scenery and pleasant weather. Beautiful land cultivated chestnut bright color, delicate flesh. Macheng chestnut is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, starch, vitamins B and lipase, not only high nutritional value , also has kidney, cure abdomen, diarrhea (simmer food) and other effects. Ma city abundant rainfall, fertile land, abundant sunshine. In particular, the construction of environmental protection as a national ecological demonstration counties. Good natural environment so that the new county chestnut has good quality. Listed earlier, a large, thin, fleshy, good taste for the new county Chestnut won the favor of the market. Chestnut Ankang NINGSHAN Chestnut ShanNanQinBa mountain counties are in production, but especially the big chestnut NINGSHAN most famous. NINGSHAN big chestnut mainly in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Ningshan, water oak, Chang'an, Danfeng, Sanyo, Ningshan other counties. To yield a maximum of Ningshan County, the best quality, hence the name. Prestigious "chestnut village" around the Ningshan County are a big chestnut, stone town and back to Long more. The county chestnut cultivation area of 50,000 acres, of which there are 3 acres of chestnut forest, annual production of 80 million kg. NINGSHAN chestnut tree has been grown in the early Zhou Dynasty, a long history. Today, Shangluo region has grown to 41.5 million acres, built chestnut base of 11.4 million acres. NINGSHAN big chestnut is home to wild Mao chestnut chestnut trees grafted together. Fine varieties, known particles hypertrophy, Chestnut plump, bright color, exquisite appearance, astringent skin easy to peel, delicate meat, waxy strong, sweet aroma, high sugar content, nutrient rich and famous in the world. Raw food crisp, cooked waxy fragrant. According to the Ministry of Forestry 1960 study, the Ningshan County Ditch Bridge Azusa found a chestnut veteran, has more than 200 years, is still robust exuberant, endless dedication, annual chestnut more than 40 kg. NINGSHAN big chestnut, 1960 by the National Forestry officially named varieties, for many chestnut in the crowd. 1978, was included in the "Shaanxi Fruit Chi"; 1986 was entered "Chinese native Encyclopedia," a book; 1992, was also included in "Qinba Mountain Tutemingchan" a book. Because of its excellent quality, is not only a hot commodity on the domestic market, but also the bulk of the province's exports of traditional local products. Since 2005, the county made the decision to strengthen the forest orchards yield management, developed a management plan, introduced to support the development of policies to strengthen the technical training and guidance, the overall strengthening of the chestnut orchard science-based forest management. Currently the county has built yield Chestnut Park Branch pipe 12 acres, including 50 acres of chestnut production base of more than 750 items, more than 100 acres of chestnut base 600, more than 500 acres of chestnut base 39.
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Planting or grafting
Seedlings begin flowering around six years, late flowering low yields, often 2 to 3 years old seedling rootstock of production before and after the show leaves grafting. Planting should not be too deep to seedling root collar open field as well. Timely treatment pests.
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Nutritional value
Sweet aroma, containing 51 to 60% starch, protein 5.7-10.7%, 2-7.4% fat, sugar, crude fiber, carotene, vitamin A, B, C and calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other minerals substances, nutrients available for the body to absorb and utilize up to 98%. To ten grains calculate calories 204 calories, fat content is less than 1 gram, there is a kind of fruit shell of the lowest fat content. Widely used in food processing, cooking banquets and 1990. Chestnut eaten raw, fried Safe, roasted chestnuts, mixed roast chicken, fragrant and delicious, the mill, also made a variety of dishes, cakes, canned food. Chestnut and easy storage and preservation, extend market served. Chestnut prolific in the hillside, foreign called "health food", belonging to stomach and kidney, longevity of the finest fruit.
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其他价值
Chestnut leather can be refined tannins and tannin, leather industry is an important raw material. Leaves can be kept tussah.
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Therapeutic efficacy
As food is currently China's most popular use is Tangchaolizai, color and mixed with sugar sand turns black sand and mixed fried chestnuts, first make chestnuts heat evenly, the second is to make chestnuts in sugar is not easy to lose . Stir palatable sweet chestnuts. Beijing snacks Wotou chestnuts in a small plane, said to be from the palace came flowing practice, the Empress Dowager Cixi, who had been appreciated. Li has stomach and spleen, kidney gluten function. "Compendium of Materia Medica":. "Chestnut sweet and warm, into the spleen and kidney", "Sun Ssu Tang Dynasty, said:" chestnut, the fruit also kidney, kidney Yi Shi. "" Compendium of Materia Medica "that:" Li cure kidney, waist, leg weakness, can pass kidney Qi, thick stomach also. "" It was the cold, violent diarrhea, such as injection, fresh baked chestnut two thirty tons more. "Su Zhe brother had poetry blessed by the therapeutic efficacy of chestnuts," Tim old self back foot disease, old mountain pass Weng Li Fang clothes. Off to Morningside late to say, three pharyngeal Xu received jade pulp. "You can eat chestnut beneficial blood, stomach, kidney, spleen and liver and spleen; raw food as well as the treatment of lumbar and leg pain, Shujin efficacy chestnuts contain high starch can provide high heat, and potassium helps maintain a normal heartbeat. law, cellulose is able to strengthen the intestinal tract, maintaining the normal operation of the excretory system. Due to the soft rich chestnut dietary fiber, diabetic patients may also be appropriate taste. But difficult to digest raw chestnuts, cooked and easy to stagnation gas, so one should not eat. Best chestnuts as a snack between meals, eat in the food or do, rather than after a meal to eat a lot in order to avoid excessive intake of calories, is not conducive to maintaining body weight. Fresh chestnuts easy moldy, eating moldy chestnuts can cause poisoning, so the deterioration of the chestnut can not eat. In medicine, chestnut sweet warm, non-toxic, nourishing liver and spleen have medical effects, the body's bone. Often eaten raw and leg weakness can be cured, husk and bark have astringent; fresh leaves can cure topical skin inflammation; spent to treat ulcers and diarrhea M., cure hernia. Non prescription multi chestnuts, raw food daily morning and evening one to two, can cure impotence elderly, weak urinary frequency; born Li smashed drunk, spreads in the affected area, can cure bruises, sore muscles, but also the pain to stop bleeding, sepsis absorption effect. Contains a lot of starch, protein, fat, B vitamins and other nutrients, known as the "king of nuts" reputation. Can prevent hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis and other diseases. Meanwhile eat on the run-refractory pediatric and adult mouth ulcers mouth sores beneficial. Chinese medicine believes that chestnuts can spleen and stomach, kidney gluten, blood hemostasis. Have a good effect on the kidney, it is also known as the "fruit of the kidney," especially the elderly kidney, loose stools and diarrhea is more appropriate, more frequent consumption of a physical disease.
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Therapeutic value
The plant seed cupules Kojo chestnut. Also known as chestnut, chestnut. Distributed in East, South, Southwest and Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. Fall harvest ripe fruit, remove the chestnut shell, Usugi (endocarp) backup. [Performance] sweet, salty, warm. Can kidney strong waist, benefit the spleen and stomach, diarrhea. [References] protein, fat, starch, sugars, vitamin B1, lipase component. [Use] for kidney virtual loss, waist and leg weakness; weak stomach or spleen deficiency, diarrhea, loose stools; Jiuxie or blood in the stool. [Usage] raw or cooked food, "Fry and simmer over low heat, cook better than steam." ("Compendium of Materia Medica") [Note] do not digest raw food, cooked food, more food will be full of stagnant air. [With square] 1, chestnuts pig kidney porridge: chestnuts 10 (or 30g), daily fasting chewing, and then into the pig kidney rice gruel. Original ancient "experience side." Liang Hongjing said: "According to legend, it was suffering from weak waist and legs, up to the number of food under the chestnut trees can journeyed, this is the meaning of the kidney, then should eat raw." Sun Ssu also said: "The raw food, and even cure, waist and feet fail . "Therefore, the side you want to use drugs. Another serving pig kidneys to help the drug. For kidney Yaoxisuanruan, weak legs weak. 2, chestnut roast: chestnuts 250g, pork 500g (diced). First with the right amount of cooking oil, salt, soy sauce, pepper fried, add soy sauce, brown sugar, fried mix evenly, add water and cook until stew cooked chestnut from Serve. Can be divided into several Dayton consumption. The parties to nourish the spleen chestnuts, pork, blood tonic. Junior various spices, can stomach eating. For the weak stomach, loss of appetite, wasting thin win. 3, chestnuts yam ginger jujube porridge: chestnuts 30g, jujube 10, yam 15g, ginger 6g, rice 100g. Fresh boiled into a gruel; or together brown sugar to taste food. Chestnuts can kidney, spleen and diarrhea. "Compendium of Materia Medica", said: "It was the cold, storm drain, such as injection, so eat baked chestnut two, thirty tons more." It can not be ignored. Fang yams, rice is also the spleen and stomach, ginger, jujube, brown sugar can be temperature dependent stomach. For the weak stomach, fear of eating cold things, Eat diarrhea, or infantile malnutrition, indigestion.
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How to choose pretty Chestnut
A look at the color. Some raw chestnuts surface light looks bright, deep colors such as chocolate, so be sure not to buy chestnuts, this is vintage. To some kind of light color (like coffee adds a partner), the surface like a thin layer of powder coated gloss is too new chestnuts. Second look fluff. We all know there are a lot of fluff chestnut tail, the kind of surface brightness, vintage chestnut hair on general relatively small, only the tip of the tail a little bit. The new chestnut tail hairs generally more. Third, look at the surface is not Poles. Four look tall. There is a Japanese chestnut, big, very gratifying, but the water chestnuts, less sweet, high yield, taste better than domestic species face, sweet. The second is our common ordinary medium-sized species, some differences according to the different tastes of origin. The third is not a lot to see, a small head, finishing by a healthy diet [article] net foodwang.com Chestnut Hill but this is generally true green, tastes sweet. Five to see shapes. Common chestnuts roughly divided into two shapes, the first side of the round, one side flatter; second sides are flat. To choose the time to choose the first sweet, or sweet to choose the second. The reason is simple, from chestnut to analyze the growth of state: Chestnuts on the tree are encased together several green prickly shell, near the shell chestnuts have a round face, caught in the middle of the course is flat both sides of the flat, but the closer the shell chestnuts more easily accept sunlight. Many sugar content of the fruit also has a lot of time and sunshine. That is why relying on the outer lining of sweet chestnuts than rely. Purchase of raw chestnut back as the time to eat, the best place there is a mesh bag or mesh sieve, placed in a cool ventilated place.
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Network terminology
Generally refers to the Japanese star Shun Oguri fans.
"Chestnut" describes: With further adjustment of agricultural structure, the cultivation of fruit trees around the area also will be expanded. Currently about fruit varieties and cultivation techniques and a lot of books, but mostly text-based narrative, many readers, especially the vast peasant friends is not easy to grasp, especially for some of the technical points of abstract description clearly difficult to describe in words. To this end, we have organized the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute of Pomology scientific and technical personnel engaged in breeding and cultivation of fruit prepared a _set_ of "cultivated varieties of fruit trees Illustrated" series, introduced in the form of drawings fruit cultivation techniques. "Cultivated varieties of fruit trees Illustrated" series include chestnut, pear, walnuts, dates, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, grapes, strawberries were nine volumes, detailing the rapid development of China in recent years, more selling fine varieties of fruit trees and their biological characteristics, growing conditions, cultivation and management techniques, pest and control, storage and other fresh fruit harvest practical technology. "Cultivated varieties of fruit trees Illustrated" series of books written reference information on the experts, scholars, summed up the experience of many years of experience and advanced cultivation of fruit trees around, illustrations, scientific and practical, in the form of new, practical, for the majority in Arboriculture farmer friends to read, but also can reference the grassroots level to promote fruit cultivation technology personnel.
banli Chestnut Castanea mollissima Fagaceae (Fagaceae) Li is a deciduous tree. This genus distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa. The main cultivated species as well as the European chestnut (C.sativa) and Japanese chestnut (C.crenata). "Nine kinds." Chestnut is one of the oldest cultivated fruit China. "Book of Songs" in the records, there are about 2,000 to 3,000 years of cultural history. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, margin serrate. Flowers unisexual; □ male catkin is, 10 to 20 stamens, flowering in May, flowering sustainable one month, wind pollination; female flowers grow in the top of the results of male inflorescence branch base. Usually born within three sub-housing a total bud, involucre densely acupuncture. Mature involucre split, chestnut off. Nuts purple-brown, yellow-brown hair, or nearly smooth, pale yellow flesh. Chinese chestnut varieties generally divided into northern and southern chestnut chestnut two categories: small northern chestnut nuts, waxy flesh, good quality, suitable for fried, well-known varieties of "Li Ming", "steeple oil chestnut" " Li Ming picking "and so on. South Chestnut larger nuts, fruit pulp japonica, fitness for vegetable, the "nine kinds", "Quebec chestnut", "shallow stab big chestnut" and so on. Tree sexual vigor. Developed root system, there are mycorrhizal symbiosis. More drought resistance, barren, mountainous appropriate for cultivation. Suitable acidic soils. Multi-line seedling planting, but also grafting. 3 to 4 years after planting to bear fruit. 10 years later into the flourishing. Fruit sugar and starch from 62 to 70 percent, and contain protein, fat and vitamins (A, B □, B □, C), minerals. Dense hard wood, moisture. Branches, bark and involucre containing tannin, tannin can be extracted. Chinese chestnut nut quality, disease resistance, in Japan, Europe and the United States have improved the use of local chestnut breeding parents. (Su Runyu)