prefecture-level city : China > Zhejiang > Hangzhou
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  Hangzhou Shi
  杭州市
  Hangzhou Shi
    浙江省省会。中国七大古都之一,历史文化名城,风景旅游城市。简称杭。位于钱塘江下游北岸,京杭运河南端。 辖5区及余杭县、富阳县、临安县、桐庐县、建德、淳安6县。面积1.65万平方公里,人口574.73万;其中市区430平方公里,人口133.89万。西湖风景区49平方公里。
    杭州历史悠久,多文化古迹。据新石器时代的“良渚文化遗址”推断,公元前3000年前后已有人定居于今杭州西北郊。公元前221年秦统一中国,置会稽郡钱唐县,这是杭州最早的历史记载。南朝陈置钱唐郡。隋开皇九年(589)废钱唐郡置杭州。大业六年(610)通江南运河。唐李泌修建六井,白居易浚湖筑堤,蓄湖水灌溉农田,促进了杭州的发展。五代吴越建都杭州72年(907~978),杭州成为中国东南地区发达城市之一。北宋苏轼全面整治西湖和杭州水利,疏古井建新井,改善了杭州城市环境。宋高宗绍兴元年(1131)决定迁都临安,自绍兴八年(1138)杭州作为南宋首都以来,历时150多年,成为全国政治、经济、文化中心和第一大城市;纺织、印刷、造纸等手工业发达,商业繁荣;西湖风景区经修葺充实,形成“山外青山楼外楼”的布局特色,“西湖十景”广为流传。元改临安府为杭州路,为江浙行省省会。明、清两代杭州府为浙江省省会。明中叶纺织、造船和商业有进一步发展,正德三年(1508)再次开浚西湖,恢复宋时西湖旧观。清前期丝织业又获发展。1895年开杭州为商埠。1927年设市。
    市境属中亚热带季风气候,温暖湿润。市区西部为海拔数十米至300多米的丘陵,东部为6~10米的冲积平原,西湖位于平原与丘陵之间,构成了“三面云山一面城”、“一城山色半城湖”的城市景观特色。
    1949年后,杭州发展迅速。1991年工农业产值514.15亿元,跃居全国大城市第7位。其中轻工业产值占工业总产值的68.2%。传统的丝绸工业为主要工业部门,其他工业有机械、食品、电子、化工、冶金、金属制品、造纸等。建有全国最大麻纺厂和磁带厂。手工艺品有绸伞、剪刀、檀扇等。郊区农副产品丰富,名产有龙井茶叶、西湖藕粉等。城市总体布局已有明确的功能分区。城区为生活居住区,城西为西湖风景名胜区、城北为工业区(包括半山重工业机械工业区、拱宸桥纺织工业区、祥符桥小河轻化工业区)。湖滨路—环城西路和延安路之间为市中心,有繁华商业街。1988年开始筹建的高新技术产业开发区已初具规模。杭州又是全省文化中心,有浙江大学、杭州大学等高等院校和许多科研机构。元代杭州五座水城门之一、唯一幸存的凤山水城门已于1989年初修复开放。坐落在西子湖畔的中国茶叶博物馆已峻工。南宋官窑博物馆也于1991年5月落成。
     六和塔风景区
    杭州交通便利,沪杭、浙赣、萧甬、杭宣等铁路在此交会,公路、内河交通四通八达。位于京杭运河钱塘江沟通工程起点北岸的三堡码头年吞吐量达 100万吨。并辟有至北京、上海、广州、桂林、沈阳、西安、武汉、福州、厦门、南京、香港等地的航空线。西湖风景名胜区为全国重点风景名胜区之一,发展旅游事业已列为杭州首要任务。市容正在加速改善。 (见彩图杭州西湖全景)
     (周复多)
    
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Hangzhou, Qiantang
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