Eucommia ulmoides extract (eucommia ulmoidesp.e.) Active ingredients: Chlorogenic acid chlorogenic acid Eucommia ulmoides extract pure chlorogenic acid production enterprises: Liuyang ATA Natural Product Research and Development Co., Ltd. Contact Person: Hua Liu received mp: 13875855783 jiehua0501@yahoo.com.cnqq: 37144588 Application: injection of raw materials, bulk drugs, health products, cosmetics raw materials, food additives. Plant Source: Eucommiaceae. Deciduous tree, bark, leaves, fruits silver filaments after break. Leaves alternate, ovate elliptic, serrate. Flowers dioecious, the first leaves open, no perianth, Samara flat, oblong shape. Flowering 3 to 5 months, the fruit of 7 to 9 months. Adaptable, hardy, happy light, hi humid climate and fertile soil. Chinese products, distribution of the southwest to the middle. Extracts: leaves, bark. Biogenic origin: China specialty distribution of the southwest to the middle. Harvest Time: Fall harvest. Active ingredients: Chlorogenic acid chlorogenic acid Odor: Gas special, sour Appearance: pure white powder Solubility: 25 ℃ water solubility of 4%, greater solubility in hot water; soluble in ethanol and acetone, very slightly soluble in ethyl acetate. Specifications: 50%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98% cas no. 327-97-9 Weight: 354 Molecular formula: c16h18o9 Melting point: 208 ℃ Effectiveness: a wider range of antibacterial activity, but the protein can be inactivated in the body. And caffeic acid is similar to oral or intraperitoneal injection, can increase central excitability in rats. Increase the small bowel in rats and mice and rat uterine tension. A choleretic effect, can increase bile secretion in rats. Sensitization of the people, inhalation of dust containing plants of the goods may, after asthma, dermatitis, etc., but after ingestion of small intestinal secretion by the role and become non-allergenic substances. There bleeding, increased white blood cells. And antiviral activity. Has reduced the role of blood clotting and bleeding time. Chlorogenic acid in Eucommia pharmacological effects: Chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid, cga), also known as coffee tannic acid, caffeic acid by (eafeic acid) and quinic acid (quinic acid) reduced the formation of acid, are phenylpropanoid compounds. cga widely in plants, the honeysuckle, Eucommia were higher, with a wide range of pharmacological effects. 1 Pharmacokinetics Absorption: human studies have shown that, cga oral absorption is poor, only a small part of the prototype in the small intestine to absorb most of it into the colon by microbial metabolism of benzoic acid, acrylic acid and cinnamic acid and other substances after being absorbed. Thus, after oral administration of cga in plasma mainly in the form of metabolites. Antibiotics can affect the normal flora of the colon, thereby affecting its intestinal metabolites cga in plasma concentrations. Protein binding: in vitro study found cga with human serum albumin (has) with j, but when combined with different concentrations of different ways: at low concentrations, only one binding site, a member has with a member of cga; high concentration When there are multiple binding sites. The main binding site in the region has the iia. cga plasma protein binding in vivo was still not clear. Metabolism: cga metabolism in the body has not been fully elucidated. olthof other studies have found cga can be metabolized to 3,4-absorbed. Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4 or two hydroxy benzoic acid, 3 a methoxy. 4. Hydroxy benzoic acid and other substances, metabolites of the colon into the plasma, may be further converted to hippuric acid. p450 enzymes may be involved in this process. Excretion: cga and its metabolites in plasma mainly by renal excretion. Oral administration, mainly in the form of metabolites with the urine, of which the highest proportion of hippuric acid, about cga its half of the total metabolites. After intravenous administration, cga two-compartment model in rats showed the distribution, biological half-life tl / 2 of about o. 2o h. 2 Pharmacodynamics Cardiovascular protective effect of 2.1 2.2 The role of anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer Animal experiments show that, cga on the incidence of gastric cancer and colon cancer preventive and inhibitory [10,11]. cga anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer effects may be related to the following factors: promoting oxidation: jiang other study found that cga in an alkaline environment for promoting oxidants, can cause cancer cells to produce large dna fragments, and causes nuclear condensation. This effect may be related to hydrogen peroxide. Enhanced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity: aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylase is more important metabolic enzyme, its activity increased more resistant cells will increase the mutagenic effect of aromatic compounds, in vitro study found cga can enhance the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase . Inhibition of 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-oh-dg) formation :8-oh-dg is a cancer and cellular oxidative stress during the important material, which in mammalian cells can induce point mutations. cga inhibited 4-nitroquinoline-1 one. Oxide (4-nitroquinoline a 1-oxide, 4nqo)-induced 8-oh-dg's higher, but endogenous 8-oh-dg level of no effect. Inhibition of carcinogen adducts of a dna 【13,15] and the formation of oxygen free radicals play an anti-cancer effect is the important mechanism. 2.3 Antibacterial and antiviral cga inhibited Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei (d group), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and the growth of Legionella bacteria, the antibacterial mechanism and non-competitive bacteria in vivo inhibition of aromatic amine acetyltransferase (nat) on [16-19]. Hu Kejie other in vitro antiviral activity of the cga found cga significantly inhibited syncytial virus, coxsackie b group 3, adenovirus type 7 and so on, and coxsackie adenovirus type 3 b5 also has a certain type of inhibition . chiang, etc. also found cga adenovirus type 11 with a strong inhibitory effect. The anti-viral mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Lipid-lowering effect of 2.4 Intravenous cga can significantly reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, liver triglyceride levels are significantly reduced. Sd rats in the food and coffee while adding cga acid, also found in the lung and liver and other tissues of the vit e and cholesterol levels are decreased. 2.5-versus-leukemia effect chiang and other in vitro studies have found cga weak anti-leukemia activity j. bandyopadhyay other studies have shown that cga inhibited ber-abl and c-abl tyrosine kinase, and induction of ber-abl positive cells, including chronic myeloid leukemia patients in vivo ber-abl-positive primary lymphocytes apoptosis. Also found that nude mice implanted cga ph chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia cell line k562 destructive [earthworm. Immunomodulatory effects of 2.6 In vitro studies have shown cga not only significantly enhance the influenza virus antigen induced t cell proliferation and can induce human peripheral blood lymphocytes and generation 7-ifn and a-ifn [26-2s]. cga also improve the rats i, igg1 and 4 in wide il l. In a recent study also found that activation of calcineurin cga (eal-eineurin) to enhance macrophage function. 2.7 hypoglycemic effect andrade-cetto a and wiedenfeld h of the study confirmed, cga has a hypoglycemic effect in animals, 3 h and in the hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide was no significant difference [31 j. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of a glucose 6 phosphate displacement of a related enzyme and glucose uptake. 2.8 Other cga can inhibit staphylococcal exotoxin induced cytokine and chemokine production, inhibition of hypertrophic scar fibroblast origin (hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts, mfs) fibroblasts caused by the contraction of j and the stress grid reaction due to ACTH (acm) increased. ejzemberg so that cga also has anti-complement effect and prove that this effect is generated through the classical pathway [36j. In addition, cga can affect the concentration of trace elements in plasma. After intravenous injection cga, the phosphorus content in rat plasma decreased significantly, while copper, magnesium, sodium and potassium content was significantly increased l2. This suggests that the clinical application of 3, should pay attention to control electrolyte imbalance. 3 Drug Interactions As mentioned earlier antibiotics can affect the absorption in the gastrointestinal tract cga. Another report, also with antibiotics given intravenously Shuanghuanglian, cga (the active ingredient in one of Shuanghuanglian) and will reduce the excretion of antibiotics, which may be excreted with the competitive channels. cga can inhibit iron ion and the Food and 6 non-heme iron absorption, and promote the absorption of aluminum ions. In vitro studies have shown that, cga p4502b1 can inhibit the activity of rat liver, affecting its substrate 7. Ethoxy-4. Trifluoromethyl. Coumarin (7 an ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin) metabolism. Speculated cga may affect the human body corresponding to the activity of cyp 2b6, thereby affecting the metabolism of its substrate, but their clinical significance needs to be further confirmed. 4 Conclusion With the gradual deepening of the cga study, we cga 9 has become even more comprehensive understanding of this for us and the rational use of pharmaceutical science has provided an important theoretical basis. Cga from the current pharmacokinetic study suggests the bioavailability of oral cga low, but also on the activity of microorganisms in the colon. Therefore, the efficacy is best to play cga intravascular administration, and the effects produced by oral cga may be a direct result of its metabolites. In pharmacodynamics, the newly discovered cga significant pharmacological activity. Role, can provide new ideas for drug development. Because of drug interactions, combination therapy in clinical practice when we want to draw attention, such as: Alzheimer's patients, when aluminum ions 12cga while taking the drug and may increase due to increased absorption of aluminum damage the central nervous; The patients with iron deficiency anemia, oral iron supplementation combined with the cga will reduce the effect. cga interaction with antibiotics depends on the results of 13 cga mode of administration, oral administration, the antibiotic can reduce the cga and its metabolites in plasma, thus reducing the efficacy of cga; intravenous administration may be due to reduction of two excretion was enhanced by increasing efficacy or adverse reactions. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid has a variety of pharmacological effects and are widely distributed, accelerate research and development of chlorogenic acid have very important significance
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No. 2
Name: Eucommia extract Category: tonic Pinyin: DU ZHONG Latin: Cortex Eucommiae Alias: thinking cents, cotton wood, thinking Chung, silk skin, pulling Sipi, silk skin Extracts: bark Specification: 5:1 10:1 20:1 Detection: uv Character: brown powder Sieve pore size: 100 mesh Uses: pharmaceutical health care products, beverages and food additives. Tropism of taste: temperature; Gan; the liver, kidney Indications: liver or kidney, strong bones and muscles, preventing miscarriage. For kidney lower back pain, aching, weakness, pregnancy Louxue, fetal movement disturbed; hypertension. Dosage: Oral: Jian Tang, 9 ~ 15g; Baptist wine; or into pills, powder. Taboo: Yin Huo-wang, who cut clothes.