Hoofed animals, ungulates are those that feed on plants and mammals having hooves Pan said. The most notable feature is the adaptation of plants to chew and grind the teeth, can nourish a large number of plant materials into the digestive tract and in the hard ground running limbs and feet. In addition, many ungulates in the head as a protective weapon angular, and some teeth have become a struggle or self-defense purposes.
Typically, these mammals have a closely together incisors, occlusal time together in the front of the formation of a slightly curved arc, they have the function of Tsui bite or cut in order to collect the leaves or grass entrance. In general, the canine is missing in these animals, if present, also lost the shape and function of canine teeth. Some ungulates canines and incisors linked to increase the shear function. Moves like a grinding cheek teeth, like mortar. Molar crowns are often square or rectangular face, this is the last tip of the upper molars, or some other tooth tip in the vicinity of the strong development, and under the tip of the disappearance of the former seat of the formation of teeth, so teeth in the height of the previous day and area of upper and lower teeth of the Triangle at the same. Into a sharp tip of the original tooth enamel folds in complex blunt tip, protuberances, or ridges. These changes increased the crown area. Ungulate eat a lot of hard grass, the cheek tooth crown height increased, which is called the GAO Guan tooth development. With the increase of molar crown and the tooth surface increases, the total area of the teeth grinding plant greatly increased. Many former ungulate molars showing a "molar" and the premolars increase and complicate the process, it usually becomes smaller premolars and molars as big, so that adds to the total area of ground.
The most common ungulate in the way of self-defense is fast running. Therefore, hoofed mammals of the limbs was significantly increase.
Ungulates usually tiptoe walk, walk this way is called the toe a line. This type of foot, wrist and ankle off the ground, often on toe shoes to protect feet and reduce the vibration when running hard on the ground. Progress in many ungulates, the walking and running most of the functions responsible for Central and toes, the toe next to have a strong tendency to degenerate. However, in some ungulates, especially the type of large, bulky, short legs still wide toe little or no degradation in order to support the great weight as a broad basis. Ungulates into some semi-aquatic or aquatic, foot and limb also change.
Ungulates in the most primitive representative of the early Paleocene. Evolved from insectivorous ancestors after the ungulates in the Cenozoic developed about 14 projects. Some projects have been extinct, while others continue to be important in the modern fauna members. Ungulates are likely to have several independent origins.
The evolutionary history of ungulates show two stages of development. Paleocene to early Eocene period, the original ungulates greatly divided. And then began to decline during the Eocene, although there are a few of them continue to grow to the Oligocene. Later stages of the rise of modern ungulates, from the early Eocene differentiation and constantly increasing complexity of developing. In South America with long-term survival of ungulates from the original origin of exotic ungulates, which is different from any other continent, hoofed mammals, they have been living to the end of the Tertiary of South America and North America, ending when the reunited When the north after the invasion of mammals, they quickly disappeared.
Class appears in the ankle section of the early Paleocene, with two sections: Section and the beast dog Bear Branch.
Bear dog is the earliest and most primitive type of ankle section. Head long and low, all the teeth are in existence, most of molars still retain the original three-wedge, back easy to bend, relatively short limbs, feet, claws, tail very long. Middle and late Paleocene animals and the ancient heart of the three new begin until the end of the ancient world in the animal as its representative. Some bears dogs develop into the Paleocene mammals, such as animal teeth and bear the net dog, as big as a bear, clumsy, and a relatively blunt teeth, may be somewhat adapted to the omnivorous.
Some bear the ancient New World dogs developed second section of the original class of the ankle, which flourished in the middle Eocene mammals. These animals have a strong trend to large size, the teeth are characterized by sharp and blunt teeth crushed with the cheek teeth. Have flat feet, nails, rather than its more primitive ancestors as a claw. In the case of mammals in the last, that the Angle Eocene of Mongolia is a giant beast, skull more than 1 meter long.
Special section of the ankle than the classes in the Paleocene and Eocene when the radiation toward a variety of different directions. Some, such as the late Paleocene and Eocene section of the ancient animal teeth ankle significant progress has become almost Tsukigata teeth, that tooth tip to a crescent rather than conical; but the feet are still raw. Paleocene animal is physically much larger circle, and some premolars have a special division, becomes large. New World in the Middle and Late Paleocene tip appeared four animals, with a low crown however is the "square" of the cheek teeth, the end has a wide toe claws. This type may be the direct ancestor of the original animal hooves.
Hoofed animals living in the original Paleocene and Eocene late early middle-sized animals, skull long and low, the tail is very long, short and heavy legs, feet short, all the toes are present. Large canine teeth, but the cheek teeth form a nearly continuous series, the molar crown side, upper molars with well developed sub-point, there is a high lower molar teeth. Clavicle disappeared, toe shoes, not the end of a claw.
Some branches of ungulates in the early stage in the evolutionary history of the body toward the direction of increasing development. One of the early great hoofed feet blunt head, including two sub-orders: the whole angle of tooth sub-orders and the fear of sub-projects, which are often referred to as Ewing mammals. Purpose of the 2 sub-species are not very rich, but it is the composition of the Paleocene and Eocene mammal fauna of the important molecules.
All edges Paleocene great beast is the earliest hoofed one, like all rodents the size of sheep. Skull long and low, large canine teeth, upper molars triangular, with Tsukigata teeth. More heavy limbs, feet short, all the toes are present, the end of a small hoof. All rodents direction to the evolution of large body size in late Paleocene developed rapidly, such as the stupid beast feet when standing 1.2 meters above the ground, the entire skeleton particularly heavy, people feel it is a very slow and very strong animals in the early ancient carnivores, this is a very difficult to capture and kill the beast. Despite such a large body, stupid feet but only a relatively small animal skull and primitive ungulate tooth.
Early Eocene of the crown is a tooth and the beast about the size of the animals, there is a heavy frame, with strong legs and wide feet. On the part of the limbs and feet than some of the lower part, to strong support for the body of living but not for heavy running quickly. Tail short, this is a common feature of mammals. Large skull, jaw, armed with long sword-shaped canine teeth. Molar crown surface has two significant cross-ridge, that animal is a kind of tooth crown of fresh leaves were progressive.
All rodents have been living to the Eocene, at least in Asia, remnants of the Oligocene, after it became extinct. And it is the fear of parallel evolution, or Patrick Ewing, horns and beasts, all of which may be the greatest of early mammals. Fear of fear horned beast and the original New World emerged from the ancient animal horn, bone thick, heavy limbs, the limbs on the part of the long, lower part and foot short. Feet wide. Fear of animals have a low angle of the skull, each side has a very long canine teeth. Front jaw has a deep bend in the mouth when closed to protect the sword-like canine teeth. This is an evolutionary line to a head late Eocene Ewing is an animal, one as big as a large rhinoceros animals with long skulls, each side has a very long canine teeth. Front jaw has a deep bend in the mouth when closed to protect the sword-like canine teeth. This is an evolutionary line to a head late Eocene Ewing is an animal, one as big as a large rhinoceros animals, having a long skull, long in the top of the strange angle with 6: 2 small in In the nose, two in the top canine teeth, two in the head and back; on the canine large molar crown has horizontal edges. The late Eocene is the last big fear Ewing animal horns, to the Oligocene, the early Tertiary extinction will be a strange Ju Wu.
Ungulates complete system
Chinese name English name Scientific name
Tube gear mesh tubulidentata
Section orycteropodidae aardvark
1 aardvark [orycteropus afer] aardvark aardvark is
Proboscidea proboscidea
As Section elephantidae
2 Asian elephant * [elephas maximus] asiatic elephant is like
3 African elephants [loxodonta africana] african elephant African elephants are
4 forest elephant [loxodonta cyclotis] forest elephant African elephants are
Hyraxes Head hyracoidea
Hyraxes Division procaviidae
5 tree hyraxes [dendrohyrax arboreus] southern tree hyrax is a tree hyraxes
6 Gambia tree hyraxes [dendrohyrax dorsalis] western tree hyrax is a tree hyraxes
7 Tanzania tree hyraxes [dendrohyrax validus] eastern tree hyrax is a tree hyraxes
8 sub-rock hyraxes [heterohyrax antineae] ahaggar hyrax rock hyraxes are
9 macular hyraxes [heterohyrax brucei] yellow-spotted hyrax rock hyraxes are
10 hyraxes [procavia capensis] rock hyrax hyraxes are
Sirenia sirenia
Dugong Division dugongidae
11 dugongs * [dugong dugong] dugong dugongs are
Manatee Branch
12 South America (Amazon) manatee [trichechus inunguis] amazonian manatee manatee is
13 North American manatee [trichechus manatus] american manatee manatee is
14 African manatee [trichechus senegalensis] african manatee manatee is
Perissodactyla Head perissodactyla
MA-type suborder
Marco equidae
15 African wild ass [equus asinus] african wild ass Equus
16 ass * [equus hemionus] asiatic wild ass Equus
17 Tibetan wild ass * [equus kiang] tibetan wild ass Equus
18 Persian wild ass [equus onager] Equus
19 quagga [equus quagga] steppe zebra Equus
20 common zebra [equus burchelli] burchell's zebra Equus
21 lines zebra [equus grevyi] grevy's zebra Equus
22 mountain zebra [equus zebra] mountain zebra Equus
23 przewalskii * [equus przewalskii] przewalski's wild horse Equus
Angle suborder
Tapir Division tapiridae
24 Malay tapirs [tapirus indicus] malayan tapir tapir is
25 American tapir [tapirus bairdii] baird's tapir tapir is
26 mountain tapir [tapirus pinchaque] mountain tapir tapir is
27 South American tapir [tapirus terrestris] brazilian tapir tapir is
Rhinoceros Division
28 white rhino [ceratotherium simum] white rhinoceros white rhinoceros is
29 Su rhinoceros (Rhinoceros horns) [dicerorhinus sumatrensis] sumatran rhinoceros rhinoceros horns are
30 black rhino [diceros bicornis] black rhinoceros rhinoceros in Africa is a double angle
31 Java rhinoceros (small horned rhino) [rhinoceros sondaicus] javan rhinoceros rhinoceros horn is
32 Indian rhinoceros (large horned rhino) [rhinoceros unicornis] indian rhinoceros rhinoceros horn is
Artiodactyla
No ruminant suborder
Suidae suidae
Subfamily babyrousinae deer dolphin
33 deer dolphin [babyrousa babyrussa] babirusa deer and dolphins are
Warthog subfamily phacochoerinae
34 Warthog [phacochoerus aethiopicus] desert warthog warthog is
35 African warthog [phacochoerus africanus] warthog warthog is
Pig subfamily suinae
36 Dalin pig [hylochoerus meinertzhageni] giant forest hog is a pig Dalin
37 mask boar [potamochoerus larvatus] bush pig African wild boar is
38 African wild boar [potamochoerus porcus] red river hog is a wild boar in Africa
39 to be pig [sus barbatus] bearded pig is a pig
40 mouth wild boar [sus bucculentus] vietnam warty pig is a pig
41 Kinky wild boar [sus cebifrons] cebu bearded pig is a pig
42 Indonesian wild boar [sus celebensis] celebes pig is a pig
43 Philippine wild boar [sus philippensis] philippine warty pig is a pig
44 Japanese pigs * [sus salvanius] pygmy pig is a pig
45 wild boar * [sus scrofa] eurasian wild pig is a pig
46 Java boar [sus verrucosus] javan pig is a pig
Peccary Division tayassuidae
47 Prairie peccary [catagonus wagneri] chaco peccary peccary is grassland
48 collar peccary [pecari tajacu] collared peccary peccary is leading
49 white mouth peccary [tayassu pecari] white-lipped peccary peccary is
Hippopotamidae hipoppotomidae
50 Hippo [hipoppotomas amphibius] hipoppotomas hippopotamus is
51 Japanese Hippo [hexaprotodon liberiensis] pygmy hipoppotomas Japanese case Hippo
Pian foot suborder
Camel Branch camelidae
52 Bactrian * [camelus bactrianus] bactrian camel is a camel
53 dromedary [camelus dromedarius] dromedary, arabian camel is a camel
54 Guanaco [lama glama] llama alpaca is
55 alpaca [lama guanicoe] guanaco alpaca is
56 small alpaca [lama pacos] alpaca alpaca is
57 llamas [vicugna vicugna] vicugna llama is
Ruminant suborder
Under the present mouse deer
Mouse deer tragulidae
58 Water mouse deer [hyemoschus aquaticus] water chevrotain water mouse deer are
59 spot mouse deer [moschiola meminna] indian chevrotain deer mouse is a spot
60 small mouse deer * [tragulus javanicus] lesser malay mouse deer mouse deer are
61 large mouse deer * [tragulus napu] larger malay mouse deer mouse deer are
Under the present angular
Deer General Division
Deer Branch moschidae
62 musk deer * [moschus berezovskii] forest musk deer musk deer is
63 musk deer * [moschus chrysogaster] alpine musk deer musk deer is
64 Black Musk * [moschus fuscus] black musk deer musk deer is
65 musk deer * [moschus moschiferus] siberian musk deer musk deer is
Cervidae cervidae
Cervinae cervinae
66 Hua Lu * [axis axis] spotted deer, chital, axis deer are Hualu
67 Kala Mi Dolphins deer [axis calamianensis] calamanian hog deer Hualu is
68 Indian dolphin deer [axis kuhlii] bawean hog deer Hualu is
69 Dolphin deer * [axis porcinus] hog deer Hualu is
70 white-lipped deer * [cervus albirostris] white-lipped deer is a deer
Philippine spotted deer, 71 [cervus alfredi] philippine spotted deer is a deer
72 marsh deer * [cervus duvaucelii] swamp deer is a deer
73 red deer (red deer) * [cervus elaphus] red deer is a deer
74 Eld * [cervus eldi] thamin, eld's deer is a deer
75 Philippine sambar [cervus mariannus] philippine sambar deer are
76 deer * [cervus nippon] sika deer, japanese deer is deer
77 Su's deer [cervus schomburgki] schomburgk's deer is a deer
78 mane deer (black deer) [cervus timorensis] timor deer, rusa deer is a deer
79 deer * [cervus unicolor] sambar deer is a deer
80 flat deer [dama dama] european fallow deer is a deer Fen
81 Persian Fen Lu [dama mesopotamica] persian fallow deer is a deer Fen
82 elk * [elaphurus davidianus] milu, pere david's deer is a deer
Deer subfamily hydropotinae
83 deer * [hydropotes inermis] chinese water deer is a deer
Muntjac subfamily muntiacinae
84 tufted deer * [elaphodus cephalophus] tufted deer tufted deer is
85 Borneo yellow muntjac [muntiacus atherodes] bornean yellow muntjac muntjac is
86 Black Muntjac (gross yellow muntjac) * [muntiacus crinifrons] black muntjac Muntiacus genus
87 Philippine's muntjac [muntiacus feae] fea's muntjac muntjac is
88 Gongshan muntjac [muntiacus gongshanensis] gaoligong muntjac muntjac is
89 Muntjac [muntiacus muntjak] indian muntjac muntjac is
90 leaf muntjac [muntiacus putaoensis] leaf deer Muntiacus genus
91 Muntiacus * [muntiacus reevesi] reeve's muntjac muntjac is
92 Long Hill muntjac [muntiacus truongsonensis] truong son muntjac muntjac is
93 Viet Nam Tai muntjac [megamuntiacus vuquangensis] giant muntjac muntjac is a large
Air Gear Cervinae odocoileinae
94 short deer [mazama americana] red brocket deer is a short
95 Grey Japanese short deer [mazama bricenii] grey dwarf brocket deer is short
96 Japanese short deer [mazama chunyi] dwarf brocket deer is a short
97, short brown deer [mazama gouazoubira] brown brocket deer is short
98 small short-deer [mazama nana] lesser brocket deer is a short
99 short red deer [mazama rufina] little red brocket deer is a short
100 roe deer [capreolus capreolus] roe deer roe deer is
101 Siberian roe deer * [capreolus pygargus] siberian roe deer roe deer is
102 black-tailed deer [odocoileus hemionus] black-tailed deer is a deer tooth space
103 white-tailed deer [odocoileus virginianus] white-tailed deer is a deer tooth space
104 prairie deer [ozotoceros bezoarticus] pampas deer is a deer Prairie
105 North Purdue deer [pudu mephistophiles] northern pudu deer is a Purdue
106 Purdue deer [pudu pudu] southern pudu deer is a Purdue
107 reindeer [rangifer tarandus] reindeer, caribou reindeer are
108 Peru Marvell moose [hippocamelus antisensis] peruvian guemal, huemul moose is a horse
Chile 109 Lima moose [hippocamelus bisulcus] chilean guemal horse moose are
110 South Ze Lu [blastocerus dichotomus] marsh deer is a deer in South America Ze
111 moose * [alces alces] moose, elk moose are
General Division giraffe
Section giraffidae giraffe
112 giraffe [giraffa camelopardalis] giraffe is a giraffe
113 okapi [okapia johnstoni] okapi okapi is
The total cattle Division
Section antilocapridae pronghorn
114 pronghorn [antilocapra americana] pronghorn pronghorn are
Bovidae bovidae
Impala subfamily aepycerotinae
115 Impala [aepyceros melampus] impala impala is
Chuan Ling subfamily alcelaphinae
116 Chuan-Ling [alcelaphus buselaphus] hartebeest antelope belong Chuan
117 white-tailed wildebeest [connochaetes gnou] black wildebeest, white-tailed gnu wildebeest are
118 spots wildebeest [connochaetes taurinus] blue wildebeest, brindled gnu wildebeest are
119 Heinz wildebeest [damaliscus hunteri] hunter's hartebeest is a corner of wildebeest
120 Corner wildebeest [damaliscus lunatus] tsessebi, topi wildebeest is a corner
121 Aedes wildebeest [damaliscus pygargus] bontebok wildebeest is a corner
Chuan Ling 122 Ricci [sigmoceros lichtensteinii] lichtenstein's hartebeest antelope belong Ricci Chuan
Ma Ling subfamily hippotraginae
123 antelope horn [addax nasomaculatus] addax Qujiaolingshu
124 Ma Ling [hippotragus equinus] roan antelope is Ma Ling
125 Black Horse Ling [hippotragus niger] sable antelope is Ma Ling
126 East African long-horned antelope at right angles [oryx beisa] beisa oryx, east african oryx is a long-horned antelope
Long-horned antelope 127 corners [oryx dammah] scimitar-horned oryx is a long-horned antelope
128 long-horned antelope of South Africa at right angles [oryx gazella] gemsbok, south african oryx is a long-horned antelope
129 Arabian horned antelope [oryx leucoryx] arabian oryx is a long-horned antelope
Wei Ling subfamily
130 Water antelope [kobus ellipsiprymnus] waterbuck antelope is the water
131 Chek Ling [kobus kob] kob antelope is the water
132 donkey Ling [kobus leche] lechwe antelope is the water
133 Nile (black) ass gazelle [kobus megaceros] nile lechwe, mrs. Gray's lechwe antelope is the water
134-watt's brown antelope [kobus vardonii] puku antelope is the water
135 South Wei Ling [redunca arundinum] southern reedbuck is Wei Ling
136 Shan Wei Ling [redunca fulvorufula] mountain reedbuck Wei Ling is
137 Wei Ling [redunca redunca] bohor reedbuck Wei Ling is
Shorthorn antelope subfamily
138 short-horn antelope [pelea capreolus] vaal rhebuck, gray rhebok short horn antelope is
Antelope subfamily antilopinae
139 Sha Ling [ammodorcas clarkei] dibatag, clark's gazelle is the sand gazelle
140 springbok [antidorcas marsupialis] springbok springbok is
141 black-Ling [antilope cervicapra] blackbuck antelope is black
142 Bella Ling [dorcatragus megalotis] beira antelope Beira antelope is
143 Arabian gazelle [gazella arabica] arabian gazelle gazelle is
144 Indian gazelle [gazella bennettii] indian gazelle gazelle is
145 Yemen Gazelle [gazella bilkis] bilkis gazelle gazelle is
146 Card's gazelle [gazella cuvieri] cuvier's gazelle gazelle is
147 Dama Gazelle [gazella dama] addra gazelle gazelle is
More than 148 card Gazelle [gazella dorcas] dorcas gazelle gazelle is
149 Mountain Gazelle [gazella gazella] mountain gazelle gazelle is
150 GE's gazelle [gazella granti] grant's gazelle gazelle is
151 small angle Gazelle [gazella leptoceros] slender horned gazelle gazelle is
The amount of 152 Red Gazelle [gazella rufifrons] red-fronted gazelle gazelle is
153 Red Gazelle [gazella rufina] red gazelle gazelle is
154 Saudi Gazelle [gazella saudiya] saudi gazelle gazelle is
155 Sudan Gazelle [gazella soemmerringii] soemmerring's gazelle gazelle is
156 Sri Lanka's gazelle [gazella spekei] speke's gazelle gazelle is
157 subgutturosa * [gazella subgutturosa] goitred gazelle gazelle is
158 Thomson Gazelle [gazella thomsonii] thomson's gazelle gazelle is
159 long-necked antelope [litocranius walleri] gerenuk are long-necked gazelle
160 Mongolian gazelle * [procapra gutturosa] mongolian gazelle, zeren Procapra
161 Tibetan gazelle * [procapra picticaudata] tibetan gazelle Procapra
162 Przewalski's gazelle * [procapra przewalskii] przewalski's gazelle Procapra
New subfamily of small antelope
163 Burgundy's small antelope [madoqua guentheri] gunther's dik-dik antelope is a small
Cameroon's 164 small antelope [madoqua kirkii] kirk's dik-dik antelope is a small
165 red belly dog Ling [madoqua phillipsi] red-bellied dik-dik antelope is a small
166 silver dog Ling [madoqua piacentinii] silver dik-dik antelope is a small
167 Ling Lin Dog [madoqua saltiana] salt's dik-dik antelope is a small
168 Sri Lanka's small antelope [madoqua swaynei] swayne's dik-dik antelope is a small
Bayesian 169 new small antelope [neotragus batesi] bate's pygmy antelope is a new small antelope
170 Mulberry Island, the new small antelope [neotragus moschatus] suni antelope is a new small
171 Japanese new small antelope [neotragus pygmaeus] royal antelope is a new small antelope
172 Yan Ling [oreotragus oreotragus] klipspringer Rock Ling is
173 Jurassic Ling [ourebia ourebi] oribi Jurassic Ling is
174 Shi Ling [raphicerus campestris] steenbok, steinbok Ling is a stone
175 Black otolith Ling [raphicerus melanotis] southern grysbok Shi Ling is
176 Showalter Shi Ling [raphicerus sharpei] sharpe's grysbok Ling Shi is
Ni (muntjac) antelope subfamily cephalophinae
177 Mulberry Island Ni Ling [cephalophus adersi] ader's duiker antelope is Ni
178 young hip Ni Ling [cephalophus callipygus] peters' duiker, gabon duiker antelope is Ni
179 black-backed Ni Ling [cephalophus dorsalis] bay duiker, black-backed duiker antelope is Ni
180 Harrington Ni Ling [cephalophus harveyi] harvey's duiker antelope is Ni
181 long head of the Ni Ling [cephalophus jentinki] jentink's duiker antelope is Ni
182 White-bellied Ni Ling [cephalophus leucogaster] white-bellied duiker antelope is Ni
183 Maxwell Ni Ling [cephalophus maxwellii] maxwell's duiker antelope is Ni
184 Blue Ni Ling [cephalophus monticola] blue duiker antelope is Ni
185 Red Ni Ling [cephalophus natalensis] red duiker antelope is Ni
186 Black Ni Ling [cephalophus niger] black duiker antelope is Ni
187 black-Ni Ling [cephalophus nigrifrons] black-fronted duiker antelope is Ni
188 Eshiniling [cephalophus ogilbyi] ogilby's duiker antelope is Ni
189 Crimson Ni Ling [cephalophus rubidus] ruwenzori red duiker antelope is Ni
190 Kidney Ni Ling [cephalophus rufilatus] red-flanked duiker antelope is Ni
Wong Pui Ling Ni 191 [cephalophus silvicultor] yellow-backed duiker antelope is Ni
192 Tanzania Ni Ling [cephalophus spadix] abbot's duiker antelope is Ni
193 Webster Ni Ling [cephalophus weynsi] weyn's duiker antelope is Ni
194 markings Ni Ling [cephalophus zebra] zebra duiker, banded duiker antelope is Ni
195 Ash Ni Ling [sylvicapra grimmia] gray duiker, common duiker antelope is gray Ni
Subfamily caprinae sheep
Saiga antelope family
196 Saiga antelope * [saiga tatarica] saiga antelope Saiga antelope is
Yang Ling family
197 antelope * [pantholops hodgsoni] chiru, tibetan antelope chiru is
198 Red goral * [nemorhaedus baileyi] red goral goral is
199 Chinese goral * [nemorhaedus caudatus] north chinese goral goral is
200 goral * [nemorhaedus goral] gray goral goral is
201 Japanese serow [nemorhaedus crispus] japanese serow is goral
202 Sumatran serow [nemorhaedus sumatraensis] sumatra serow is goral
203 Taiwan serow * [nemorhaedus swinhoei] formosa serow is goral
204 Pyrenees chest Ling [rupicapra pyrenaica] pyrenean chamois antelope chest is
205 chest Ling [rupicapra rupicapra] chamois antelope chest is
Sheep family
Man 206 Barbary sheep (aoudad) [ammotragus lervia] aoudad, barbary sheep sheep is very
207 West Caucasian goat [capra caucasica] west caucasian tur goats are
208 East Caucasian goat [capra cylindricornis] east caucasian tur goats are
Twist angle of 209 goats [capra falconeri] markhor goats are
210 goats * [capra hircus] goat is a goat
211 ibex (Yuan Yang) * [capra ibex] ibex goat is
212 Nubian ibex [capra nubiana] nubian ibex goat is
213 Spanish ibex [capra pyrenaica] spanish ibex goat is
214 Westminster ibex [capra walie] ethiopian ibex, walia ibex goat is
215 Siberian ibex [capra sibirica] siberian ibex goat is
216 Himalayan tahr * [hemitragus jemlahicus] himalayan tahr tahr is
217 Arabian tahr [hemitragus jayakari] arabian tahr tahr is
218 tahr [hemitragus hylocrius] nilgiri tahr tahr is
219 White Goat [oreamnos americanus] rocky mountain goat is a white goat
220 argali [ovis ammon] argali sheep is a sheep
221 sheep [ovis aries] domestic sheep is a sheep
Canada 222 argali (bighorn sheep) [ovis canadensis] bighorn sheep is a sheep
223 White bighorn sheep [ovis dalli] dall's sheep is a sheep
224 Siberian argali (snow sheep) [ovis nivicola] snow sheep, siberian bighorn sheep are
225 East argali * [ovis vignei] urial, asian mouflon sheep are
226 European Ovis (Mo Fulun sheep) [ovis musimon] mouflon sheep are
227 blue sheep * [pseudois nayaur] bharal, himalayan blue sheep blue sheep is
228 Japanese blue sheep * [pseudois schaeferi] dwarf blue sheep blue sheep is
羊牛 family
229 takin * [budorcas taxicolor] takin takin is
230 musk oxen [ovibos moschatus] musk ox musk ox is
Bovinae bovinae
Tau Ling family
231 reed eland [taurotragus derbianus] derby eland eland is
232 Common eland [taurotragus oryx] common eland is a large antelope
233 Tau Ling [tragelaphus scriptus] bushbuck antelope Tau is
234 Angle Tau Ling [tragelaphus angasii] nyala antelope Tau is
235 Mountain Tau Ling [tragelaphus buxtoni] mountain nyala antelope Tau is
236 Purple Ling [tragelaphus eurycerus] bongo antelope is Tau
Rotation angle of 237 small antelope [tragelaphus imberbis] lesser kudu antelope Tau is
Rotation angle of 238 large antelope [tragelaphus strepsiceros] greater kudu antelope Tau is
239 Ze Ling [tragelaphus spekii] sitatunga Tau Ling is
Blue wildebeest group
240 blue wildebeest [boselaphus tragocamelus] nilgai Spirit is Blue Cow
241 square antelope [tetracerus quadricornis] four-horned antelope antelope is a corner
Bovine
242 American bison [bison bison] american bison Bison
243 European bison [bison bonasus] european bison, wisent Bison
244 Asian buffalo * [bos frontalis] gaur cow is
245 yak * [bos grunniens] yak cows are
246 Java bison [bos javanicus] banteng cattle are
247 Lin Niu (Cambodia bison) [bos sauveli] kouprey cattle are
248 of the original cow * [bos taurus] cattle are cattle
249 Asian buffalo * [bubalus bubalis] water buffalo is a buffalo
250 low water buffalo [bubalus depressicornis] lowland anoa buffalo are
251 people have Luoshui cattle [bubalus mindorensis] tamaraw buffalo are
252 Mountain buffalo [bubalus quarlesi] mountain anoa buffalo are
253 African buffalo [syncerus caffer] african buffalo buffalo is Africa
254 Congo buffalo [syncerus nanus] is the African buffalo
255 South Ling [pseudoryx nghetinhensis] saola, vu quang ox is in the South Antelope
Above classification are not consistent with this table, this table shall prevail. |