April 1914, they Ren Changjiang River garrison commander, the third division stationed in Hunan Yuezhou rate, monitoring the revolutionary forces in the south. October 1915, Cao Kun, and active support for the provision of Emperor Yuan Shikai, was awarded the general of the title. Monarchy, after been called the first-Pak. January 1916 Feng Yuan of Sichuan, ordered troops to the suppression Protection Movement. Yuan Shikai's death in June, Cao Kun, another of its important military power, still rely heavily on the Northern Government, in September appointed military governor of Zhili, stationed in Baoding. First, sell Brown angry enlist Cao Kun parents see not a device, then 17 years old in his Trustee of matchmaking, the West Taku, a girl surnamed Zheng Qu Guolai. Cao Kun Cheng longer than two years old, looks flat, but the sensible man, interlude after the King-laws, aunts and uncles, under pain of Cao Kun is a very thoughtful, young couple and live in harmony, little mouth. Cao Kun uncle of Yuan Yuan heard of a three sworn brothers have a brother named Cao Kezhong, very powerful at the local, known as "Commander" Then she went to pay respects next gift. As the saying goes: "politeness costs nothing." This Caoke Zhong is from Tianjin, a former Admiral in Guangdong, a month seems a little fellow named Cao was very happy. Then a genealogy search and found that Cao Kun was actually his own grandchildren, naturally more happy, it was officially recognized family of Cao Kun Sun, and sent his concubine to go there for his accommodation Yuan, Cao Kun soared since then opened the broad road, Bangdai and help from the system by the help system and a guide, the command and control. Second, its prestige in Baoding Great succeed In 1922, in Guangzhou, China held its first National Congress of the Socialist Youth League, Xi-Jiang Yu's School students and others on behalf of Baoding league organizations attended the meeting. After the return of Baoding, Baoding Wang Xi Jiang presided over the work of the Socialist Youth League, the same year, Xi-Jiang Yang in a sixth high school students sent a letter to King Hill, "Social Problems of Constitution", the authorities seized by warlords. Because of which relate to "Bolshevism" and so on, Cao Kun, and it ordered the arrest of Wang Xi Jiang wanted. Wang Hao Zhongqing the help of the school principal, to get out to Beijing, the summer after Deng with revolutionary work by Deng Xia Jieshao joined the Communist Party of China, becoming the first Communist Baoding. Cao Kun love to watch play, he will play Temple into park, known as the "Cao Kun Opera House." He often invited to perform at the theater stage star to Baoding. Zhang Xun restoration failed, Cao Kun Jian Shu Zhili governor. Cao Kun in this time of brilliance, Mei Lanfang Peking Opera masters invited to perform in Baoding, and personally led a trusted horse and carriage to the north of the city of Baoding, welcome. 60 Birthday Celebration of the show and unprecedented - Lunar on October 21, 1922, Cao Kun's 60th birthday is. At this point, immediate war in the direct instructions from the control of the Beijing regime, the North as if the immediate world. As leader of Cao Kun smug immediate decision Daqing 60th birthday, in order to expand their political influence. Cao Kun birthday this extravagant luxury, big spenders, but the military has often owed their pay, which caused a mutiny. History can not be covered, then revealed the truth behind the scenes is: total 480 participants, have received the bribes on Cao Cao to the most famous in history that his bribery President. A once all-powerful figure, finally being fixed grid in the shame point, very interesting. The bribery in history is an interesting comedy or farce, the seemingly solemn political greatly laugh about that. Cao Kun fans this is like the tune, the theater, holding actors, does not want to have a history of starring in this comedy. Since the Republic of China since the democracy was destroyed a few, after Sangluan Congress, Members are mostly destitute and out of the current situation of disappointment, Chi shortage has already spent time, give up on themselves, and the early Republican era had radically different. Cao Kun at this time so that means, but it is dipped in sugar, cotton, sweet and gentle, just hit their weak spots. People often say, "Heroes do not eat hard food soft", so participants were members from the field back to Beijing a constant stream, most of us that holds the money they leave a psychological, it was able to narrowly're done bribery . Members would like to account for the ready-made cheap, but do not want to take any responsibility, this also led to uncertainty about the future of parliamentary politics in China. These 28 people, Chen San, Yan Xiu is a celebrity, Sun Meiyao a robber, high-tin, Nai Fu Sheng is the local representatives of the people, also 22, were all well-known political power to send the whole country. On the military and political talent, than Cao Kun, who is not fit to be president next fight; even if the military power for the time being as Cao Kun, but the gap will never vote so huge. Therefore, regardless of whether or not bribery, this is out and out election fraud. As for yesterday morning, members from four pull straight people, there are those who pay, but also increased prices by 5,000 yuan outside and smell the former defeating the last attendance, Mr Hsu to vote in free, or pay the fare. The houses of members served by the Secretary-General as well as clean up husband, the other to the payroll two months, issued by the Wu Jinglian, a total of 8 million, that the reward, this is probably the case of bribery also. Number of people gather. Election time, though set at 10 am, in fact, to 13:20, before not gather a quorum, so Ishibashi Gan Cao Kun election campaign some Members of secret commitment to the club: only attend the meeting, even if not elected Cao Kun can receive 5,000 yuan. This trick really work, to the afternoon, there Three against the yellow more than ten members arrived by car, ready to clean and neatly vote - money - leave. Even so, the final number of people still missing, the club went to the hospital bed for some members to carry with a soft bed, so just gather a quorum. Torture will be monitoring. According to electoral law, presidential elections must have a certain number of supervision meetings as observers. But on election day observers particularly strict control must be for referee (Mr) came forward to prove their identity, and was found to be started behind. In the yard, put up a shed in the interim, there are observers waiting early in the morning, a total of about 100, as many people to narrow, almost no place. Time for lunch was not any food to eat, then the organizers pretty "kind", brought a group of bread, do not let them hungry fainted. Billing allowed to attend before the election, until 3 pm Admission is only possible, but the overall situation has already formed, and meetings have also been exhausted supervision, where there is energy to exercise supervisory powers? Members counterfeit. Although the attendance that day nearly 600 people, but not are all Masachika. House and Senate members have a Mongolia Mongolia is a truly Members pointed out that counterfeiting, and Shanxi, Jiangxi also have a members accused of being a good impression. Venue "sign everywhere," the deacon staff are the roles assigned in advance, and the remaining persons should not be near; actually "signed around" is much support for Cao Kun's "Big selected" members around the surround, outsiders can hardly close. Just closing, Wu Jinglian command will sign books immediately sealed cabinet, and ordered management personnel shall not leak. After the success of Cao Kun bribery, October 7, the Chinese Nationalist Party issued a declaration, denounce Cao Kun. October 9, Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou headquarters presided over the meeting to discuss the CAO to discuss the matter and made countries in the diplomatic corps, please deny Cao Kun as president, to marshal ordered the crusade on behalf of Cao Kun, members wanted bribery and power Duan Qi-rui, Chang Tso-lin, Lu Yongxiang concerted action. Cao Kun by means of bribery, so that their dream president boarded the "throne." After taking office he made a statement saying: "Kun military, in politics early inexperienced, this according to the National People have placed the weight out and seek a country welfare, food for thought familiar terms, numerous Jing Ti! The private Fortunately, the State of the establishment, in order to foundation of the rule of law; president of duties to abide by the law as to meaning. presidents, all be a moment of Fame, only the fundamental law of the state is not established, untried, not grams implemented. Kun took office when the appropriate occasion in Dafa rolled together, political initiatives since Shu, 11 Jie You follow, there are too selfish theft Fortunately, our predecessors have faced. ... ... When the affairs of state is not rather, people's livelihood are difficulties, financial Jiejue, when the military did not put away, Zhangu future, not that sincere There will be up to the capacity. However, brave, for primality, so those who answer my elders Kun quarter, provided that such sincere it. In recent years, political trends, changing, arm of the doctors who do not want to Neanderthal, since limited by side book, not aim too new to the country for the trial. saying: 'politics is not to say, how the ear care to exercise.' would like to subscribe to, served on a government. "Cao to the date of taking office, also announced the" Constitution of the Republic " Of course, this Constitution is promulgated by the ROC Constitution, the Conference, but the constitution is not being attentive to, later known as the "Cao Constitution." October 30 Cao Kun Sun Baoqi cabinet nomination to the House of Representatives, November 5 meeting of the House of Representatives voted Sun Court agreed to vote on Nov. 9 passed in December quasi-Gao Ling Cao rising of clouds cabinet to resign as Prime Minister of any Sun Baoqi Sun cabinet is as follows : Prime Minister: Sun Baoqi House General, Cheng Ke finance minister, foreign affairs chief Wang Kemin, Wellington Koo army chief, Lu Jinhai military chief, Assistant Attorney General Ralph Lee, Hui Wang minister of education, Zhang Guogan traffic chief, Wu Minlin General of Agriculture and Commerce. In fact, this is not the first time that bribery of Cao Kun. In 1918, Feng Guozhang on behalf of the presidential term expires, Duan Qirui Anfu under the control of Congress elect the president and vice president. Prior to that, Duan Qi-rui Feng Guozhang for the confrontation to the next Vice-President as bait to draw strongly Cao Kun. Unexpectedly, on September 4 for the new president elect Hsu, vice president election day, much as Bacheng 430 members absent. The reason is that the traffic department, research is driven by members of unbearable man again, Anfu electoral system, however, consider Vice President unprofitable short to be bribes are all sitting posture. At this point, Wu Pei-fu sent a telegram questioned the results of the presidential election, Duan Qirui to placate immediate, so the pro to the Congress "strongly recommend" Cao Kun, vice-president on, he paid 1.5 million yuan Cao allocated to military spending in the name, as its Vice-election The "campaign expenses." But until every vote open to the high price of 2,000 yuan, most of the members still do not buy it, or to play the animal park, or party food Sanhua, just do not attend the election. Was to clarify the bottom line, I discovered that Mr Cao Kun stroke transfer from Wuhan to spend 100 thousand silver dollars to buy a bit concubine, net worth turned out to be members of the 50 times, see Cao Kun arrogant sufficiently circumspect, 是可忍孰不可忍, was elected Vice-matter thoroughly abortion. Cao Kun consciously loses face, said the disease back to the rest of Baoding. Fourth, the event coup behind bars Cao Kun bribery before the first forced Li to step down. Cao camp owned by the activists then hit the first burst of Feng Yuxiang, Li claims to discuss salaries for army officers surrounded the presidential palace every day, surrounded by the State Council, Li could not stand the departure of the main military force the emperor to abdicate, and the army's mastermind is Feng. Therefore, saying that the three major contributor bribery Cao Kun, Feng Yuxiang first, second, Wang Chengbin, third, Wu Jinglian. Cao Kun became president, to power high-Feng grew out condescension. At that time the Prime Minister has not yet produced, the State Council, the Secretary-General Ting-Ngok as the link between the government hospital. Not after the Lunar New Year Lantern Festival, a day to find Feng Ting-Ngok, he: "Straight Ching (Ting-Ngok word) brother, please go with me to see the president." Ting-Ngok thought he was courtesy of his audience, to accompany the see Cao . How can one imagine to see Cao, Feng Cheng and weight and said: "who started the day, the Presidential Palace Guard soldiers fought to the president know? Do not know if the president is the president shield their mistakes; If the president does not know is being deceived. "Feng said these words a, ZHANG Ting Ngok surprised that something that is a presidential speech on the attitude of the military. Cao Kun, and although the fabric vendors came, what did many important functions, not seen not widely been around, let alone the president now, he is amiable in this report, von, von saying when finished, he had one eye opened again to sit upright to Feng said: "Huan-zhang, who started the Presidential Guard soldiers to fight, and you as a Senior Executive, why not thoroughly investigate the accident punish the bad elements, I am President, I am such a small thing but also to deal with ? I intercede for you when maintenance over the Presidential Palace Guard? "Feng hit a big nail, whom dumb, ZHANG Ting Ngok had to smooth things over, said," We immediately follow the above instructions of the President, Huan-zhang the president's men, Like the president, like his father, words can excessive, ask the President Yuan You. "So the attitude is quite Jie Ao Feng. In fact, Chang Feng Feng has been secretly and with a secret link, as has been secretly boarded Manchurians Feng, so the military is not how the positive. From September 4 to respond to Zhejiang Lu power "shuaibing Entering" post, at 15 September into force until the sunrise side, keep straight in this area, Chaoyang Wang Huaiqing Department of Army, as well as standard vibration meter Springboard Department of Army supplement. After the sun has not Manchurians disease into the scoring. Wu Pei-fu Feng are on view, among them hidden deep contradictions. Interaction with the Sun Yat-sen Feng Yuxiang, Wu Pei-fu is the cause of his hatred of reason. Back in 1920, Feng Yuxiang in Hunan chenjiaji, the Sun Yat-sen sent Xu Qian, button Tisheng with his personal letter to see Feng. Xu, Feng is a button with two old acquaintances, we are also a Christian, the two urged Feng and Sun Yat-sen in revolutionary work the same. Feng also believe that the pernicious influences of the north most affected by the Qing court, and the country people by the people and the national aspirations of the generals are looking at Sun Yat-sen. Later, the Secretary of Renyou Min Feng also sent to Guangzhou to visit Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen that need it as long as he was, he invariably try to make it. Wu was deputy commander of troops sent Tao Ni Wang Chengbin rate on 3 October Chi posterior reinforcements arrived Gubeikou, acting commander in chief powers to fight to attack the Fengtien Jing-Lin Li Department. However, this was Wu wrong again, because the real early and Feng Wang Chengbin secret association, he has participated in fall Wu School, was naturally not at the front to fight tough battles. At half past four on October 12, 1924, Wu Pei-fu's car arrived at Shanhaiguan, docked on the long wall beside, Wu Pei-fu that rate staff and guards gallops front, Deng Changcheng inspection war situation. Then direct instructions from military fierce fight, booming cannons shaking the earth, the smoke slowly rise. Mukden forces launched air strikes over in Qinhuangdao, Fengtien four aircraft, seven of the formation, constantly circling the bombing, but the injury is not serious. The reason why the air Manchurians Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao is a straight side because the Navy concentrated, was parked in a lot of Qinhuangdao sea fleet, namely, direct troops and transport of the Bohai Sea Fleet of six Army transport ship more than 20 vessels, in addition to more than 20 ships of foreign warships, sea side rudder, mast everywhere. Are troops gathered on shore, between tension. Lu Zhonglin troops to take the lead into the city, with Sun Yue's 15th mixed brigades joined forces in the city. The soldiers all wear blue cloth white armbands that read "absolute salvation, not disturbing, really love the people." Divide our forces guarding the military coup of all major intersections, and martial law cut off traffic, and quickly occupied the ministries, the Department of Yamen. Lu Zhonglin active into the city, he was promoted to commander and commander of the Beijing garrison stationed in the Dongdan Shuaifuyuan. And the police chief sent Luzhong Lin Feng Zhang Bi rate of police and guards into the Forbidden City with Pu Yi Shen Wumen to negotiate, forcing their wives to move out of Pu Yi, the Forbidden City, retreat to the Regent Palace. He is said at the time Okano and his aides said: "This thing can be said that I expected, because the troops had I asked the former Lao Feng, to be put down after the Manchurian, sent him to the Northeast Xunyue Shi Chang Tso-lin of the vacancy to continue, I told him: the Northeast and Japan have a special relationship, our Diplomatic very subtle, so the appointment of the Northeast Xunyue Shi, Japan can not ignore trends. You have always been considered pro-American, most blame the Japanese for bogey, so the Northeast is very affordable, but the exploits of the reciprocate with a single step, the state plenty of fame, I will consider other positions, and will satisfy you. I speak the words of the lung is also Fu, Feng for the purpose may be less than, then the dark enemy. In fact, he claims to my military, I have made hundreds of thousands, and later increased to 150,000 yuan, he reluctantly ordered, the rate marched Gubeikou. Many people suggested to me, Third Army commander von exemption to inter troubles, President of the center intercede for Feng, Feng-free program was not carried out. When Feng to Gubeikou front, another excuse for the enemy advantage, request for an additional million rounds of rifle ammunition, I am more Feng do not worry, it is not issued to him. In recent days I am at the headquarters in every evening, can not sleep, toss and turn, turn right into the thinking and disposal of Chang Tso-lin of the law, left the Mindful of the possible betrayal of Feng Yuxiang, and now unfortunately the compound the thought of the day set aside 150,000 yuan Feng cost of the war, does not pay up too. "Wu Lament to the three links Okano T threw detective, he was very calm and asked us to keep a secret on this incident to avoid front-line morale shaking. October 31, from Shanhaiguan to the Tangshan area have all lost the direct military resistance, Fengtien separate ways to connect, the group was a long drive into the off to Peter Woo, the new cavalry in the vanguard, since Guye and lutai, to Tanggu disease into, and In Beijing's Feng, HU Jin-wing forces in concert with direct military almost all caught Fengtien and Feng, Hu surrounded by large armies. Tianjin, former residence of Cao Kun five back later section on Cao Tianjin remain relatively strong, I have a national consciousness, In addition, Ms. Liu has played a role from Beijing after the coup, Feng and Chang Tso-lin dominated the north, their side telegraph north of Sun Yat-sen peace plans on the one hand, and pushed out of tissue northern Duan Qirui interim government, due to the government's cover section, Cao Kun, and not because of "bribery burglary bit disastrous" and subject to sanctions. Since the Wu Pei-fu comeback, they and Chang Tso-lin hostility into friendship, thanks for the sworn brothers, together with Feng enemies. Soon, Cao Kun Lu armed forces because of direct competition for Baoding, no shelter, only to seek refuge in Henan Wu Pei-fu, lived in Kaifeng Dragon Pavilion (site of the Song court). He was writing every day, there are various aspects of the military and political correspondence. Chang Tso-lin often go to the letter, still refer to as "relatives by marriage," "Third Brother." Ms. Liu Quan mountain people fear more noise, not conducive to Cao to recuperate, they rented out a house, then went to live Cao Kun, has invited Western doctor LIANG Bao Jian, a German doctor burgh brother to give their best to treat themselves all day long waiting carefully in the bed to take care of. Several months later, Ms. Liu Cao Kun's disease see more improvement from them in his back Quanshan. Cao Kun is not only good at painting, but rather literary talent. According to Ms. Gao's descendants say, Ms. Gao's son Libo Fu is the son Cao to several of the most pampered one. Day, Libo Fu please Cao Kun as his new arrangement of a study from a number, Cao Kun Luejiasisuo three characters after the book Getting to Know illness, "Boya Xuan" and with the "more than a thousand years straight pine, red Peng Gao Xiang Animal Heart "couplet. Cao Kun later years a Buddhist, he often burn incense and chanting, but also spent heavily to buy up a golden Buddha on the Tianjin "Dabei Yuan" in, and asked people to draw a picture of "shrines map", a daily worship. Cao to have guests at home all day, Qi Xieyuan, high Ling Wei, Zhao Yuke, Charles Ng Fang, Wang Bichen, Xiongbing Qi, Yang Qin Shan, Du Xijun, Caihu Chen, Sung Che-yuan, Xiao Zhenying, Tan Qinglin, Yanzhi Tang, Jin Yunpeng Cao, who is a frequent visitor. In particular, to accompany almost every day Yanzhi Tang Cao Kun. These people sometimes talk about the political situation Cao, sometimes playing mahjong, Cao Kun and does not feel so lonely. Cao Kun and Wu Pei-fu is most thick, but he has declared his "three no's" (that is, borrow abroad, not into the concession, not concubinage), so just send their children often come to visit Cao Kun. New Year, Cao Kun, and Ms. Liu also sent their children to visit Wu Pei-fu. Japanese home run into a wall after Cao Kun, and did not give up, also sent in the "Hopei-Chahar Political Committee" members do Qixie Yuan Cao Kun's friends do lobbyists. One night, Qi Xieyuan door ask to see. Cao Kun's guard in accordance with Ms. Liu's orders, not to open the door, then on Cao Qi did not go. Cao Kun in old age, their families, there are two things a great blow to his spirit. Second, Cao Kun's adopted son, the son of Cao Rui Cao Kun Cao Shaoshan Although the son of Cao Shiyue Renzuguizong shortly after birth, but in fact he still held the power Cao Kun family property. Cao Kun, and their children are very unhappy, and often do fall apart. Cao Rui Cao Kun in the face to see, do not have the heart of the Cao Shaoshan too harsh, so he can not mess around at home in this situation, it became a piece of his heart, and often sighed, it was trouble. Cao Kun family and the old unit staff, family and friends hundreds of per capita Phi filial to the funeral, the coffin temporary house in the Tianjin British Cemetery. Attachment: Cao Kun, although more bad reputation in history, to the President through the withdrawal, at the election a lot of bribe money were spent, leaving the "bribery president" of notoriety. But he has the bottom of the bottom line, it is inappropriate traitor ------------ Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, North fall. Cao Kun's old men have fell into the water, as a traitor government positions. Japanese invaders also do everything possible to drag out when the prisoners Cao Kun, Cao Kun elderly persuasion in Ms. Liu, the vow would rather drink the gruel, not to the Japanese act.
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No. 2
Cao Kun (1862-1938): Warlords leaders. Tianjin Zhili (now Tianjin) people. Was the third town of the Northern Army control. After the Revolution served as military governor and governor of Zhili, Shandong and Henan provinces Xunyue Shi straight. Beat Chang Tso-lin Feng War, control of the northern councils. 1923 to 5000 silver dollar bribe members of Congress for a vote, vote-buying as "president." Beijing Feng launched a coup in 1924, was ousted.
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Outline
Zi Zhong Shan Cao Kun, Tianjin Zhili, head of the Northern Warlord period Republic of China as the fifth president (October 1923, President of the Republic through bribery boarded the throne, the President called bribery), an Army National Revolutionary Army will (14 June 1938 by the National Government Military Commission posthumously). April 1914, and the upper reaches of Cheung Kong garrison commander, the rate of the third division stationed in Hunan Yuezhou, monitor the revolutionary forces in the south. In October 1915, Cao Kun, due to the provision of active support of Emperor Yuan Shikai, was awarded the title of Tiger General. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor after he was labeled first-Bo. January 1916 Feng Yuan of Sichuan, ordered troops to the suppression protect the country and sport. Yuan Shikai's death in June, Cao Kun, and its important military, still rely heavily on the Northern government, military governor of Zhili appointed in September, stationed in Baoding. May Fourth Movement in 1919, Duan and Anfu notorious Warlord took the opportunity to instigate anti-Wanxi warlord activities. December, Feng Guozhang died, Cao Kun, pushed for the head of the Northern Warlord. July, until the outbreak of war Anhui, Anhui clique military defeat, Duan step down, after two straight lines warlord Feng jointly controlled Beijing government. September Cao Kun either straight Luyu Xunyue Shi. Bong two straight lines and warlords fight for Fenzangbujun central and local powers, but also had a heated conflict. April 1922 the first direct instructions from the outbreak of war, the defeat of Chang Tso-lin, to return the northeast, to dominate the immediate north, the Li to pull out again re_set_, the name of so-called legal system, law enforcement established by the government against the South. February 1927, the National Revolutionary Army, Northern Expedition, when the imminent arrival of Henan Province, Cao Kun fled to Tianjin, then, long-term resident of Tianjin. 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese spy chief has repeatedly asked Dohihara Kenji Cao Kun as the pseudo-Qaeda leader, but always rejected Cao Kun, maintaining national integrity. May 1938 Cao Kun died in Tianjin, aged 76 years. June by the national government level for the Army will posthumously.
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Life
First, the selling Brown angrily Congrong Cao Kun Zi Zhong Shan, 1862 (first year wen) Lunar on October 21, was born in a poor Dagu Cao Bunsen shipbuilding work at home. Bunsen Cao Cao Kun's father, a ship in the line of business Taku row work, people spend months and years to build the vessel to maintain the 10 person's family life. Despite the economic constraints Cao, but Cao Bunsen temper honest and straightforward, stronger man, grabbed his belt he would prefer, but also for the kids know the words. Therefore, Cao Kun brothers, read a few years more private school at an early age. Cao Kun, 16 years old, his father made him learn wooden boat, Cao Kun refused and told him to learn to do farm work, he does not follow, Cao Bunsen had to sell his cloth. Due to family poverty, can not afford a cart, Cao Kun, and he gave the cloth draped over the shoulder four selling. Cao Kun forthright temperament, love to make friends, like martial arts, wine excessive drinking, drunk it on the grounds of clothes, and sometimes some of the street urchin took the opportunity to put the money in his purse stolen. When Cao Kun sober and found no money, just laugh, and never asked. Suoyi along the Taku people gave him a "Cao three fools," the nickname. Cao Kun parents see not a device, then 17 years old in his matchmaking Trustee of the West Taku a girl surnamed Zheng Quguo Lai. Cao Kun Cheng longer than two years old, looks flat, but the reasonable man, get married on the King after her in-laws, brother-sister under the pain of Cao Kun is very considerate, the couple and live in harmony, little mouth. Day, Cao Kun cloth to Baoding stall gates, soldiers stopped by two defenders, not only did not let into the city, but was laughed at something they abuse. Cao Kun gratuitous insult, a nest of fire belly child. He remembered that he had to go cold to summer heat, have gone through hardships, but also failed to change their fate hardship involved, so he decided, determined Congrong. I heard that Cao Kun Yuan Yuan's uncle had a sworn brother, a three called Cao Kezhong in the local great power, known as "Commander", then prepare for the next gift to go pay homage. As the saying goes: "politeness." This Caoke Zhong is from Tianjin, Guangdong was the Admiral, a view of a little fellow named Cao, very happy. Then a genealogy search and found that Cao Kun was actually his own grandchildren, naturally happier, will be officially recognized as a tribe Cao Kun Sun, his concubine and sent him there to accommodate Yuan, Cao Kun soared since the opening of the broad road, Bangdai and help from the Commission, by the help system and a guide, the command and control. Cao Kun went to Korea to participate in Sino-Japanese War, later was sent to Tianjin, the northern military academy to learn, to become the backbone of training Yuan Station, then, increasingly high regard Yuan, 1907 Yuan Shikai appointed as the Northern Army was the third town control officer. After the founding of the Republic, Cao Marshall became the third division of the, the war had led his army south to protect the country and Sichuan, and the National Protection Army operations. Yuan Shikai's death, the northern warlords divided as two straight Anhui Department of Cao in the two-line struggle in the dark, 脚踩两只船. In Feng Guozhang death, Cao become immediate leaders, have made a direct Anhui war, the first straight victory Feng, dominate the central power of the powerful figures. Second, its prestige in Baoding succeed In Cao's birthday, light garden decorated inside and outside, in front of busy, provincial military and political officials have to curry favor with flattery, big send birthday presents from September 1916 on Cao Zhili appointed military governor, to October 1923 he bribery Republic of China president, Cao mainly based in Baoding, Baoding became the Warlord of the headquarters. Direct Anhui war, the first direct instructions from the war and many major political events, planning decisions are in Baoding. Now choose some of their actions in Baoding, Cao reflect the face from the side. In 1922, in Guangzhou, China held its first National Congress of Socialist Youth League, Xi Jiang Yu's School students and others on behalf of Baoding league organizations attended the meeting. After back to Baoding, Baoding Xi Jiang presided over the work of the Socialist Youth League, the same year, to sixth in the Xi Jiang Yang Jingshan school students mailed a letter to the "social studies constitution", the authorities seized by warlords. Because of which relate to "Bolshevism" and so, it ordered the arrest arrest of Cao Kun Xi Jiang. Wang Hao Zhongqing the help of the principal, to get out to Beijing, with Deng in the summer after engaging in revolutionary work together, joined by the Communist Party of China Deng Xia Jieshao, Baoding to become the first Communist. Massive construction projects in the construction of base camp - Cao Kun in Baoding, you began to build the base camp. His first acquisition of land in the eastern suburb of Baoding, the construction of the airport, through the West split off a new open, widen South Street, and the original Qing Dynasty Zhili provincial judge Division Government Office into a hotel. Ji Ming Liao for his admiration of the illustrious Governor Chi Chi, so the hotel called "light garden." Cao Kun in the original 直隶总督署 office weekdays, staying in the light garden. Cao Kun love to play, he will be converted into a temple garden show, called "Cao Kun opera garden." He often invited to perform at theater performers to Baoding. Restoration after the failure of Zhang Xun, Cao Kun Jianshu Zhili governor. Cao Kun too proud of this when, invited to Baoding Mei Lanfang Peking Opera performers, performances, and personally led a trusted horse and carriage to the north of the city to meet Baoding. Unexpectedly, Mei Lanfang is by private car to the. Car was rare, there are cars in general are not many dignitaries. See Mei Cao Kun has its own car was very envious, I thought I actually a dignified Zhili governor as a singing show and really Wang Wei life. Mei got off the carriage into the city to switch to Cao. Mei Cao Kun enthusiasm for the merit and invited to live light plum garden. Soon, Cao Kun, purchased four vehicles will be sent. Since then, Baoding streets of the car. 1921, Cao Kun, Daqing wishing to cross more than 600 acres for the large-scale construction of the garden. Just withstood the pain of drought Baoding working people, I heard Cao to build gardens, young and old to attend the building, in order to discuss anything to eat. The fall of 1923, Garden was finally built, there Rendezvous Villa Museum, waterside Qulang, flower diameter stone pavilion, bamboo pine trees, brings together the essence of north and south gardens. Cao is very fond of this garden, take a walk almost every morning this boxing, while also allowing ordinary people into the park tour. Probably because the first half had no children, Cao Kun's sake, he very fond of boys, who play in the garden is recognized when the son had five or six dry, dry-son with the backing of some of Cao's forces made a track. Sixty Shouqing show and unprecedented - October 21, 1922 Lunar New Year is Cao Kun's 60th birthday. At this point, immediate war in the direct instructions from the control of the Beijing regime, the North seems to be the immediate world. Cao Kun as the immediate leader of smug, decided to Daqing 60th birthday, in order to expand their political influence. In Cao's birthday, light garden decorated inside and outside, in front of busy, provincial military and political officials have to curry favor with flattery, big send longevity. Wu Pei-fu arrived from Hunan Baoding, usher doing it. Cao Kun, see Wu Pei-fu so humble, very happy. His aides say: "Son Yu (Wu Pei-fu characters) by nature curious, but can be respected old lady alone, it would be pre-existence of fate blanket!" Everyone listened scrambling to flattery, said: "No matter how handsome Wu prestige, how comparable Xun Wang coach high weight, shock ancient melt this? herein not only affinity, but also the coach of the German industry inspired ah! "Cao listened very happy. To add to the fun, Cao Kun, also offered to specially invited Mei Lanfang, Yu Shuyan, Yangxiaolou, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, Xun Huisheng, Xiao Cuihua to protect other theater celebrities attend church. Acting, 7 days a reward of 30 million. Cao Kun birthday so lavish luxury, big spenders, but the pay arrears of the armed forces are often, which led to mutiny. Baoding an artillery stationed outside the East Gate, Cao Kun review once every week. Once, arrears of salaries due to artillery mutiny occurred, driving from the direction of artillery fire to the city's military governor of the department. Cao Kun is sent forward to arrest the perpetrators, and cut their heads, hung for public display upstairs at the gate. Third, the President of bribery to buy votes History can not hide, then reveal the truth behind the scenes is: a total of 480 participants received the members of bribery on Cao Cao Kun in the history of the most famous thing that he bribery president. A once-powerful figure, finally being fixed in shame point, very interesting. The vote-buying in the history of comedy is an interesting or farce, the solemn looks like a lot of politics much ridicule. Cao Kun, and this is a fans, like point play, watch a movie, holding actors, but do not want to own a history of starring in this comedy. In 1923, the political ambitions of rapid expansion of Cao Kun regardless of their direct dependence of the pillars of Wu Pei-fu of the opposition, the president's planned bribery farce. He price of 5,000 yuan each vote, buy a lot of shameless members, in October 1923, President of the Republic of China get the throne, as the much reviled people "bribery president." Members of Congress and the presidential election of the machine, so before the election, members will be a valuable commodity, from high net worth. Members of this is a country in both ability and integrity of the people, but after the election, the moral has been completely defeated. Since the early Republican era, democracy was destroyed a few, after Sangluan Congress, Members are mostly destitute and out of the current situation of disappointment, Chi had spent time shortage, low self-esteem, and the early Republic had very different. Cao Kun that means at this time, but it is dipped in sugar, cotton, sweet and gentle, just hit their weak spots. People often say "hard to eat soft food hero", it had members in attendance from overseas flocked back to Beijing, clung to a majority of members will leave psychological money, so was able to narrowly done bribery . Members who want to share this ready-made cheap, and do not want to assume any responsibility, which also led to an uncertain future of parliamentary politics in China. In order to complete the pro-election faction Cao Cao Kun as president, the natural need to win over Congress, so House Speaker WU Jing-Lian has become a key figure at that time. WU Jing-Lian has his own plan, he intends to arranged the election, and for any government in Cao Kun, Prime Minister; say the least, can not the Prime Minister, Cao Kun, and will give considerable reward. However, there is pro-Cao Wu took the opportunity to send that extortion attempt, mentioned conditions is hiding days outcry, promised to be difficult, but can not be completely ignored, because Wu is not dependent on non-election work. Problem face to face in the general election, there are many members utterly shameless. Member since so-called extension of the mandate, coupled with another force in the imminent general election, so all elated, enraptured. At that time, the attention and concern focused on the vote on the fare. And fares are incidental to the payment of the approach, because the fear of selling tickets voted not get money, buy a ticket is paid for members who are not afraid to cast votes Cao Kun; and the amount of fare is also due to people because of something specific, is also a Member, is also a ticket, but the outcry different selling price is different transactions are different. The suppression of payment is cash the check, the check is spot or forward, who is the drawer, a bank which are at issue. Meanwhile, Tianjin school, Paul is still willing to send 114 Stonebridge Club hold a private meeting to discuss the method of voting members to pay the fare. Most claim the election will be attending the morning of payment, members receive a ticketed together in one place after the afternoon by bus directly to go to Congress with the vote. The 28 people, Chen Sanli, Yan Xiu is a celebrity, Sun Meiyao a thief, a high tin, Fu Nai l local representatives, in addition to 22 were all well-known political power to send the whole country. On the military and political talent, than President Cao Kun were not suitable for the next fight; even temporarily as Cao Kun's military strength, but the gap will never vote so huge. Therefore, regardless of whether the vote-buying, this is out and out fraud election. History can not hide, then reveal the truth behind the scenes is: a total of 480 participants, Mr Cao Kun's accepting bribes, the principles of 5000 yuan per person, but in fact according to the status or role of the different characters, high to reach 1 million , a low of less than 2,000 yuan, October 1 in the form of a check issued. The total cost of 13.56 million yuan bribery, including subsidies for political parties to 32.42 million yuan, in particular, fare $ 1.41 million ordinary fare 30.45 million yuan, cost 5.72 million yuan at the Constitutional Convention, often at costs 20 million yuan, in particular, compensation expenses 3.24 million yuan, "Ice King", "Carbon King" and Fuma cost 190 million yuan, guest houses cost 120 million yuan temporary, secret charges more than 70 million. As for yesterday morning, pulled straight lawmakers four people, who have to pay now, there were price increases than 5000 yuan, and the smell before defeating the last for the attendance of Mr Xu vote freely, the fare will apply. The members of both houses served by the Secretary-General as well as cleaning the husband, the other to pay workers two months, issued by the WU Jing-Lian, a total of $ 80,000, that the reward, this is probably the case of bribery also. Cao Kun was born small businessmen, fortune especially important after the enrichment. According to the October 10, 1926 in Chengdu, "China Daily as the fifth anniversary of IEEE Transactions," published, Cao Kun family property of 50 million yuan, the first column of the northern military and political figures. But the vote-buying, but not from his pockets. Zhili Provincial Governor Wang Chengbin to raise a large _select_ion of models, arrested a group of drug manufacturing drug profiteers, ordered them to ransom money, the proceeds of millions, also the Zhili 170 counties were forced loan of several million dollars. In addition, the provincial military governor and governor more than a "serve", the largest number of warlord Yan Xishan in Shanxi, Hubei military governor Xiaoyao Nan, Qi Xieyuan military governor of Jiangsu, each $ 500,000. Gather the numbers. Although the general election scheduled time at 10 am, in fact, to 13:20 before, not gather a quorum, so the Ishibashi Gan Cao Kun election team some Members of a secret commitment to the club: only attend meetings, even if not _select_ed Cao Kun can receive 5,000 yuan. This trick really worked, to the afternoon, there is more than ten Members Yuan Zhen Huang arrived by car, clean and neatly prepared to vote - take the money - leave. Even so, the final number of people still missing, the club went to the hospital confined to bed for some members to lift with a soft bed, so just gather a quorum. Family offensive. For the meeting but do not want to bribery of members, their families and friends to send them to induce the results by wives or friends escort members to as many participants there are dozens of people. The right bit of bribery. As the long-term perspective, some members do not want a mere few thousand dollars for the bondage, the club are based on real Ishibashi Gan grant money to bribe the official to replace, members have been subject to official and even go back, then back to bribery. Members are mostly only Mongolian nobility, official contempt for money and attention, the most resolute attitude. Torture will be monitored. According to electoral law, presidential elections must have a certain number of supervision meetings as observers. But the day of the election observers, particularly strict control must be by its introducer (MP) to come forward to prove their identity, and was found to be behind the entry. Temporarily put up in the yard, the shed, there will be observers waiting early in the morning, a total of about 100, because many people in the narrow, almost no foothold. To the lunch time was not any food to eat, then the organizers still "kind", sent a group of bread, did not let them hungry collapsed. Billing allowed to attend before the election, only to admission until 3 pm, but the overall situation has already _set_, and the meeting had also exhausted their supervision, where there is energy to exercise supervisory powers? Counterfeit members. Although the attendance that day nearly 600 people, but not necessarily are all the seating arrangement. House and Senate each have a been a real Mongolia Mongolia Honourable Members that are counterfeit, and Shanxi, Jiangxi also have a members accused of cheating. Venue "sign everywhere," the deacon staff are pre-Paiding, the rest not so close; actually "signed around" Cao Kun supported by many "big send" Members around surrounded by outsiders is difficult to close. Just closing, WU Jing-Lian command will sign books immediately sealed in the cabinet, and ordered management personnel shall not leak. Ticket suspicious. As a rule, the tellers shall be drawn from among its members by drawing lots. However, members placed names of Mrs WU Jing Qian Tong has already been sent by monitoring up-hidden in the field after the proposed building within the circle. Election day by the House of Representatives and Secretary General Zheng Lin Gao ballot, 16 were surrounded in the next, others may not approached. The results were drawn in addition to the Senate Hiroshi Iraq, the House of Representatives Li Zhaofu two outside, are all "big send"; two joyous event which the future to attend the meeting, then immediately to "large send" on behalf of the two. Otherwise invalidated 12, the content is not known. Another proposal from Zhejiang Rui Peng Yuan Shao (second male), before the election is about 5000 yuan a check from the published photographic plate, and the District Prosecutor's Office Report to the Beijing Gao Ling rising of clouds, Wang Yuzhi, while Shoujing, WU Jing Lian bribery, against Cao Kun "Harassment capital, brag Daihong Xian," "remote control center, link Jiang Li" and "not self-convergence suppression, jump hope dignities", "police with communication, the expulsion of head of state" to "buy Mr destroy constitutional," "multi- extort, raise election expenses "and other various items of sin. Temporary public outcry, the community have protested the election results. In addition, the immediate political opponents have also defeating. If Chang Tso-lin to rage: "The Hyderabad mother son, Cao Kun, a three-painted face, the clown, we were not holding him in Northeast." And claimed that if members do not accept bribes Cao Kun, you can receive the same number to their own , called "anti-bribery." However, due to "large send" properly prepared, well-arranged, finally narrowly achieved its purpose. After the success of bribery Cao Kun, October 7, Chinese Nationalist Party issued a declaration denounce Cao Kun. October 9, Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou headquarters presided over the meeting to discuss the CAO to discuss the matter and made countries in the diplomatic corps, please deny Cao Kun as president, ordered a crusade on behalf of the Marshal Cao Kun, members wanted bribery and electricity Duan, Chang Tso-lin, Lu Yongxiang concerted action. Powers on behalf of both the Universal Declaration of Marshal, for the unauthorized theft Cao Kun declared treason, all the people of China as Cao Kun's election for the unauthorized theft of treason, please make it on behalf of Beijing, to avoid any action that can lead to unauthorized stolen by an international recognition of an excuse. In view of this vote-buying, the final two members will not have a strong reason, but there are many members of the Kuomintang, and even bribery as chair of this House Speaker WU Jing-Lian is the KMT and, therefore, although it was Sun Yat-sen generous, in fact, limitations. But added the province's provincial candidates competing to denounce members, serious and even fired its origins, how much to the lawmakers that "discredited see Jiangdong elders" of the discipline. 1919 "Double Ten Day", WU Jing-Lian holding a new presidential election certificate, take the train arrived in Baoding meet Cao Kun. Baoding city was celebrating, and everyone hanging colored flags, cheering voices. WU Jing-Lian Cao Kun seen, as usual, said, "Moments, the people want" a pack of lies, and Cao Kun, and also to say thank sounding national love, politely declined the invitation and so the courtesy, then, Cao Kun foot train, heading to Beijing palace, but also towards his life and political career curtain call. Cao Kun by means of bribery, to make their dream of the President boarded the "throne." After his inauguration he issued a statement saying: "Kun military, in politics beginning of no experience, this according to the National People entrusted the weight out and seek a country's welfare, thought out design, numerous Jing Ti! The private fortune, the State of establishment to foundation of the rule of law; presidential duties to abide by the law as to justice. served as President, are temporary Yan Department, not only the fundamental law of the state legislation, based on nothing, not grams implemented Kun took office when the appropriate occasion in Dafa rolled together, After Shu government initiatives, one by one Jieyou follow, there are too selfish theft fortunate predecessors have experienced. ... When the affairs of state is not rather, people's livelihood is trapped, financial Jiejue, when the military is not JI, Zhangu future, not that sincere There will be up to the ability however brave, for primality, so those who answer my elders Queensland season, provided that such sincere only in recent years, the political trend, with each passing day, arm of the doctors who do not want to learn it, since the limited square book, not duck new to the country for trial. saying: 'for the government is not to say, how the ear care to exercise' would like to subscribe to, there are government imposed. "Cao Kun took office the day, and announced the" Constitution of the Republic " Of course, this Constitution is promulgated by the ROC Constitution, the meeting, but the constitution is not being seriously, later known as the "Cao Constitution." Cao Kun became president, the cabinet was formed three months dragged on, the vacuum state in the cabinet, the State Council General Office of the President and Cabinet Ting Ngok into the middle of busy people. At that time, Prime Minister of the nominally agent is Gao Ling rising of clouds. October 30, Cao Kun Sun Baoqi cabinet nomination to the House of Representatives, November 5 meeting of the House of Representatives concurring votes cast Pavilion Sun, November 9 through December Cao Gao Ling rising of clouds quasi-cabinet to resign, he served as Sun Baoqi as Prime Minister, Cabinet personnel as Sun : Premier: Sun Baoqi House chief Cheng grams finance minister, Kemin Wang diplomacy chief, Wellington Koo army chief, Lu Jinhai army chief, General Lee took the lead justice, minister of education, Wang Chong-hui, Zhang Guogan traffic chief, Wu Minlin length of Agriculture and Commerce. In fact, this is not the first time bribery of Cao Kun. In 1918, Feng Guozhang term acting president, Duan Anfu under the control of the president and vice president's parliamentary elections. Prior to that, Duan Feng Guozhang to fight to the next Vice President for bait, tried to draw Cao Kun. Unexpectedly, on September 4 for the new president elect Shichang, vice president the next day the election, 430 members as much Bacheng absent. The reason is, the traffic department, research department members bear again driven man, Anfu Members agreed that the election, Vice President unprofitable, in short, are all sitting posture to be bribery. At this point, Wu Pei-fu sent a telegram questioned the results of the presidential election, Duan for the immediate comfort, so pro to Congress "strongly recommend" Cao Kun as vice president, on paid military in the name of Cao allocated $ 1.5 million, as its deputy election The "movement cost." But until every vote open to the high price of 2,000 yuan, most of the members still buy it, or go to the Wan sacrifices park play, eat Huajiu or party, is not to attend the election. Was to clarify the bottom line, I discovered that members pass on Cao stroke spend 10 million silver dollars to buy a bit concubine from Wuhan, net worth turned out to members 50 times, already has seen Cao Kun arrogant, extreme annoyance, the issue Yushi, deputy election completely abortion. Cao Kun consciously loses face, said the disease went back to Baoding rest. Soon, the unanimous opposition in the country, Cao Kun, and weakening the forces of direct, immediate internally divided, and finally in 1924 the second straight Feng war to step down, ending his political and military career. Central Plains have also been dominating the immediate fatal blow, never recovered. Fourth, the case of a coup behind bars This is the Wu Pei-fu undreamed of, undreamed of Cao Kun is the second straight Feng war broke out a earth-shattering thing in Feng defection, so that direct military defeat, Cao Kun was ousted and placed under house arrest. Cao Kun bribery before the first forced Li to step down. Pro-active molecules Cao then sent to fight from the first burst of Feng Yuxiang, Li's claim to discuss salaries for army officers surrounded the presidential palace every day, surrounded by the State Council, Li could not stand the departure of the main army emperor to abdicate, and the army is the mastermind Feng. Therefore, saying that the three major contributor to bribery Cao Kun, Feng Yuxiang first, second, Wang Chengbin, third, WU Jing Lian. Cao Kun became president, to the high power grew out of von rude attitude. At that time the Prime Minister has not yet produced, the State Council Secretary General Ting Ngok as the link between the government hospital. After the Lunar New Year Lantern Festival has not had a day to find Feng Ting Ngok, he: "straight Ching (Ting Ngok word) brother, please accompany me to see the president." Ting Ngok thought the audience with his courtesy, to accompany the see Cao . Turns out to see Cao, Feng Cheng and weight of the said: "who started the day, presidential guards fought the soldiers, the president know? Do not know if the president is the president Justifying; if the president does not know, they are being deceived. "Feng said these words a, Ting Ngok surprised that something that is a military attitude of the president's speech. Cao Kun, although the cloth traders came, what did a lot of important positions, have seen various aspects of society are not widely not to mention now the president, in his report, the amiable Feng, Feng's words to be finished, his eyes a open eyes, to sit upright to Feng said: "Huan-zhang, Presidential Guard, the soldiers started to fight, and you as a senior executive, why not thoroughly investigate the accident to punish the bad elements, I am president, I am such a small thing but also to deal with ? I intercede for you when maintenance over the Presidential Palace Guard? "Von hit a big nail, whom speechless, Ting Ngok had to smooth things over, said," we immediately follow the above instructions of the President, Huanzhang the president's men, Like father, like the president, speech may be excessive, ask the President Yuan You. "This shows that the attitude is quite Jieao von. Wu Pei-fu in the four points according to court after Feng will be another motive. He asked before launching the first payment of salaries, Wu heard much angry, Wu said: "under siege, do not payment of salaries can not fight? Mao Xuan Wang (Wang Huaiqing, thirteen teachers, Tao Ni Army Second Army commander) and did not come to rates it! "Feng Ministry also asked to allocate more vehicles, Wu Yun-dial 40. Feng is used at every step of the strategy, from Beijing to pull into a pyramid long front line, in front of a few soldiers only sparsely yo, the more troops to back the more thick. In fact, Chang Feng Feng have been secretly and secret contacts, Fengtien because the catch has been secretly Feng, the military is not how the positive. From September 4 to respond to Zhejiang Lu power "shuaibing entry" after, to September 15 forced into the starting side to the sun, keep the direct sun in this regard the Department of Army Wang Huaiqing, and Yi, Department of Army standard vibration meter supplemented. Fengtien disease has not invaded into the sun after. As for direct military, the first road out of Shanhaiguan, in order to direct the main army, Pengshou Xin, Dong Zheng-Guo, Wang Cheng Wu Pei-fu men are the generals. The second way is a three-way in the Department of Wang Huaiqing weakest link. The third way out Gubeikou by the Ministry of Zhang Jiang Feng, Lee ring the bell, Lu Zhonglin such as. Sun Yue agent Gyeonggi garrison commander, Cao Rui, director for the military. Second straight Feng war, although each side sent out more than 20 million strong, but not intense fighting on the battlefield, because Feng Zhang Feng dark already and complain, but Feng is delayed military aircraft, sit back and wait time. When the Wu Pei-fu in Beijing sits, the Feng natural not hands, only to send Liuru Ming Wu to the front so secretly investigate the exact number to be transferred to the front all the Wu, Wu Pei-fu left Beijing. Wu Pei-fu Feng have views on, among them hidden deep contradictions. Interaction with the Sun Yat-sen Feng Yuxiang, Wu Pei-fu is caused by reason of his hatred. Back in 1920 in Hunan chenjiaji Feng, the Sun Yat-sen sent Qian Xu, button Ti students with his personal letter to see Feng. Xu, Feng is a button with two old acquaintances, we are a Christian, persuaded two of the same in the Sun Yat-sen Feng Yuxiang and revolutionary work. Feng also believe that most of the north by the imperial legacy, and the country harm people, people across the country and ambition of the generals are looking at the Sun Yat-sen. Later, Secretary of Renyou Min Feng also sent to Guangzhou to visit Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-Sen need it as long as he said, he invariably try to go. As the Wu Pei-fu Feng hatred and exclusion of, Feng Cao, Wu is very unhappy. Cao Kun farce with bribery, sparking the country against Feng naturally very offensive. Moreover, Sun Yat-sen Feng Yuxiang admiration, the camera has anti-Cao, Wu heart. Feng second straight World War broke out, and finally brought him the anti-Cao, Wu opportunities. Front of the military is not conducive to direct the military, so there does not exist to Cao Kun Fortunately, for the Wu Pei-fu in Beijing, there are thorn in the side of sense, so encourage Cao Kun Wu urged the military command on the front. Cao left and right, said: "If the commander in chief to do in Beijing the city, who will do ah!" Wu Pei-fu on the front of the main reasons for not following anti-Cao Kun Wu camp, but front-line fighting the negative, with the Navy plans to raid by the obstacles, the Wu could not imagine, is not quite as Bohai commander Wenshu De Wu hard. So send Tao Ni Wu Jun, deputy chief Wang Chengbin rate on October 3 Chi posterior reinforcements arrived Gubeikou, acting commander in chief powers to fight to attack the Fengtien Jing-Lin Li Department. However, this was Wu wrong again, because the actual early and Feng Wang Chengbin secret link, he has participated in Miss school down, naturally not a tough fight at the front. The first defection of the military is guarding nine straight in front of the thirteenth mixed brigades brigadier Feng Yurong, he his troops without a fight. Wu Pei-fu this on October 11 at 9 pm, the military commander car ride Tao Ni, Zhengyangmen departure from Beijing, Chi Shanhaiguan straight. Tao Ni accompanied by military headquarters staff, as well as military attaches of foreign spectators and news reporters to more than 100 vehicle, the momentum of the vast, the scene in the early Republican civil war, it can be said to be unprecedented. When the Wu Pei-fu on the front, it is also rumors of Beijing city, when the front is not conducive to direct the military battlefield and more, it was rumored that the First Army commander Pengshou Xin killed, have passed a military mutiny, but this is unreliable information. At 4:30 on October 12, 1924, Wu Pei-fu's car arrived at Shanhaiguan, on the long wall near the dock, Wu Pei-fu that rate staff and guards gallops front, climbing the Great Wall visit fighting. Then straight Bong fierce fight lasting two armies, rumbling cannon shake the earth, the smoke slowly rise. Wu Pei-fu on the front line of the message, pass straight over the military, the morale of a great encouragement, but I heard through Feng's Feng Yurong Wu has reached the front, then committed suicide. Wu then direct disposal of thirteen mixed brigades, and build another position hold the position. Tao Ni Wu went to the military headquarters in the front lines, then at the car on the Wu. Wu Zhang troops were directly under the headquarters tent at the station. Get up early the following day, accompanied by Chief of Staff Wu Liao Shu four visits, and sometimes take the Bohai Sea Fleet led by the flagship of Commander Wenshu De cruising at sea, commanding naval bombardment Huludao. Not only because the Navy with, it can not receive surprise effect. So to change the war plan, doing all right for Fu Fengjun, so after the rate of massive reinforcements to restore Commander Zhang nine narrow door, Zhang to the military after a fierce war, of fighting off the elm becoming favorable. Mukden forces launched air strikes over in Qinhuangdao, Fengtien four aircraft, seven of the formation, constantly circling the bombing, but the damage is not serious. The reason why the air Fengtian Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao is a straight side because the concentration of the Navy, was parked in a lot of Qinhuangdao sea fleet, namely direct military fleet of six and the Bohai Sea Army transport ship transporting more than 20 vessels, in addition to more than 20 ships of foreign warships, sea side rudder, mast everywhere. The army gathered on shore, between the tension. October 23, 1924 evening, Feng led his army to withdraw front-line, return in triumph in Beijing, Beijing launched a coup, direct instructions from the battlefield situation changed significantly. Feng Lu Zhonglin Ministry in Beijing, Jiang Hong and Sun Yue met collaborated with open gates. Lu Zhonglin led his troops into the city first, and Sun Yue fifteenth mixed brigades joined forces in the city. The soldiers all wear blue cloth and white armbands that read "absolute salvation, not disturbing, really loving." Guarded by the military coup of the important junctions divide our forces, and martial law cut off traffic, and quickly occupied the ministries, the Department of Yamen. The "Beijing coup," described as lightning, to be successful in one fell swoop, Cao Kun, a little prior knowledge of the case was put under house arrest to seize up. Lu Zhonglin active into the city, was promoted to division commander, and the Beijing garrison commander, stationed in Dongdan Shuaifuyuan. Feng Lu Zhonglin and police chief sent Zhang Bi rate of police and guards into the Forbidden City with Pu Yi Shenwu to negotiate, forced to move out of Pu Yi and his concubines Palace, relegated to Regent Palace. October 24 morning, Wu Pei-fu is still behind the mutations do not know, he went to Jiumenkou rate Liao Shu supervise, direct military front morale flourish Fengtien who have been deter attack, war quite turn. Noon, Wu Pei-fu by the Japanese consultants Okano Jiro has received the call from Beijing and Tianjin, the most urgent telegram, content similar, both words "Feng Tao Ni is equal to the military commander of the Third Army at 18:00 on the 23rd out of the battlefield, without the gun battle that scored Beijing, staged a coup, President Cao Kun lost the freedom to Beijing is unknown, changes brewing. "telegram to participate in the coup who were listed in the immediate giants, including Feng, Wang Chengbin, Wang Huaiqing, Joint Ventures wing, so Yue Sun . Okano when Wu Pei-fu to see the telegram, he immediately believed this possibility, because he does not trust Feng. He is said at the time Okano and his aides said: "This thing can be said that I expected, because the troops had I asked the former Lao Feng, to be put down after the Manchurian, sent him to the Northeast Xunyue Shi Chang Tso-lin of the following short, I told him: the special relationship between the Northeast and Japan, Foreign we are very subtle, so the Northeast Xunyue Shi's appointment, can not ignore trends in Japan, you have always been considered pro-American, avoid most of the Japanese move, so to the northeast is very affordable, but the exploits of reciprocate with a single step, the state some fame, I will certainly consider other duties, and will satisfy you. I speak the words of the lung is organs, may be below the purpose for Feng, then dark enemy. In fact, he claims to my military, I have made thousands, and later to 15 million, he reluctantly ordered, the rate marched Gubeikou Many people suggested to me, Third Army commander von exemption in addition to the troubles, the President centered intercede for Feng, Feng-free program was not carried out when the von to Gubeikou front, but also an excuse to the enemy advantage, request for an additional million rounds of rifle, I am more Feng do not worry, it is not issued to him in the past few days my headquarters, every evening, can not sleep, tossing and turning, then turn right thinking and disposal of Chang Tso-lin of the law, left the Mindful of the possible betrayal of Feng Yuxiang, and now unfortunately the compound , thought of the day _set_ aside Feng war costs of $ 150,000 does not pay up too. "Wu Lament to the three-way T Okano throw detective, he was very calm, asking everyone to secrecy on this incident in order to avoid front-line morale. shaking. October 25 morning, Wu Pei-fu led a senior staff officers supervise the front door to go to nine, after noon back to headquarters, and immediately called an emergency meeting of the military commander of rooms, all senior officers were present, Wu painful manner, and that Beijing mutiny based retreat program. 6 pm the same day, Wu Pei-fu south first troop 3000, the General Command of the train is at 20:00 from Qinhuangdao. All front-line military is divided into three major line of defense, Qinhuangdao line by the responsible Zhang, Xin Changli line by the Pengshou responsible Luanzhou Jin Yun osprey by the responsible line. Wu based his car by a group with a guard, starry night gallop back to the south. Dragging a heavy heart and tired body, a sleepless night. At 11:00 on October 26th, the train to Tianjin. At the same time, the new department, according to Fengtian Peter Woo, Hai Duong, shelling Qinhuangdao, Zhang Xueliang and from the lower into the Great Wall, with Zhang Zongchang Luanzhou south by the Ministry, the military will be directly surrounded by fire in Fengtien surrounded. October 30, captured the three-way Fengtien Qinhuangdao, Shanhaiguan. Zhijun, a cycle ride Tanggu, two million people have been disarmed. Connections with the outside front straight army fled, assemble the station, when the train has not switched on, skirmish fled Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao has fall, ordnance, food everywhere heap, collection of direct military ordnance Fengtian hand, on the one hand an inventory of booty, the harvest is very fruitful. October 31, from Shanhaiguan to the Tangshan area until the military has lost all ability to resist Fengtien separate ways to connect, the group push deep into the customs, to Peter Woo as the vanguard of the new cavalry from Guye and Lutai to Tanggu disease into, and In Beijing's Feng, Hu Jing-wing military echoes, almost all caught Fengtien direct military and Feng, Hu surrounded by large armies. November 4 Fengtien occupation of Tanggu, Wu Pei-fu was the first ship to leave one day rate by the remnants of Tanggu, when direct military resistance have been suspended. 5 Zhang Zongchang, Peter Woo, the first two into the new Tianjin, Fengtien brigade have also arrived in Tianjin, the direct military remnants were all disarmed. Then the second straight Feng war ended. Second straight Feng war, from brewing to the engagement to the end, after two months, until the military defeat too hard, which is undreamed of Wu Pei-fu, also Cao Kun dreamed. Tianjin, the former residence of Cao Kun five back later section on Cao Tianjin remain relatively strong, I have a national consciousness, in addition, Ms. Liu has also played a role in Beijing from the coup, Feng and Chang Tso-lin dominated north, they are invited to Sun Yat-sen north side of power to talk about peace plans, but he has also pushed out of the organization in northern Duan interim government, due to government cover-section, Cao Kun, and not because of "bribery burglary bit disastrous" and subject to sanctions. Soon, Feng and Chang Tso-lin become increasingly intensified. Ministry of National Army generals Feng Lu Zhonglin dissatisfied segment, Chang Wu Pei-fu fight against collusion want Fengtien joint, which launched the drive section of mutiny, and the release of Cao Kun. Later, under pressure from all sides warlord, Feng had pulled out of Beijing. Feng Yuxiang's National Army, after the withdrawal of Beijing, Cao Kun as president of the idea reappeared. He said the provincial power, Feng has been the withdrawal of Gyeonggi Province, Beijing quiet as usual, meaning the hope that support him re_set_, but not a little to reflect. Cao Kun wake up this is all in the attitude of wait and see Wu Pei-fu. Cao then sent trusted people to quickly seek Hankou Wu's comments. Wu attitude rather coldly said: "San Ye is the man in the foreground singing bad, I think, or ask him blankly in the background right. So overall I lay, we'll talk." And that "a good horse does not eat back to grass "," soldiers are no longer served "and other words. This way, Cao Kun disappointed, had to give up their fantasies. After a comeback since the Wu Pei-fu, and Chang Tso-lin will be your enemy, thanks to the sworn brothers, together with Feng enemies. Soon, Cao Kun Lu armies because of direct competition for Baoding, not shelter, had to seek refuge in Henan Wu Pei-fu, lived in Kaifeng Dragon Pavilion (site of the Song Dynasty court). He wrote daily to write, there are various aspects of military correspondence. Chang Tso-lin frequented the letter, still called the "relatives", "third brother." February 1927, the Manchurian warlord in order to organize the National Revolutionary Army east of Henan, to cross the river south, Wu Pei-fu in Zhengzhou retreat since fled. Henan Cao Kun had to leave in a hurry back to Tianjin. Cao Kun, Tianjin back after living in the British Concession 19 Road (now North Road, 34 secondary), and Ms. Zheng and Ms. Chen to live together. Ms. Liu do not want to live with them, and the other in the British concession Quanshan in their own money to cover a few of the small Western-style, with a son and daughter and his family moved into it. Ms. Liu Quan Montagnards fear more noisy, Cao Kun is not conducive to rest and recuperation, they rented out a house, then go live Cao Kun, and invited Western doctor Liangbao Kam, a German doctor Bale brother to give careful treatment, and he waited all day good care at the bedside. A few months later, Ms. Liu Cao Kun's disease see increasingly better, put him back in Quanshan. Cao Kun's condition improves, the mood is getting better. He got up early every morning, and thought himself to the hospital in the compilation of a tiger fist, and then returned to the house to practice qigong meditation. After breakfast is not calligraphy is painting. Cao Kun favorite painting, specializing in painting clubs, rocks, crabs, a tiger and so on. He has a curved chapter, engraved on the "world that Plum Heart", every unfinished plum, they cover While this stamp. He also has a black stone seal, engraved "As generations." He painted a painting or writing some of the top right corner of the banner is often covered with a chapter, read "twenties Rong Fu workers from seventy countries, four decades after the turn to the life of pleasing calligraphy as" the lower right corner Department alias "happy life for the elderly." or "Bo old man." Cao Kun, and often invited some of the poets to guide their paintings. Qi and Cao Kun's friendship is very thick, Qi Cao's mostly carved stamp, stamp side always left "commoner Huang Qi" (Huang Qi is a word) words. Cao Kun not good at painting, and quite literary talent. According to Ms. Gao's descendants say, Ms. Gao's son Libo Fu is the son Cao Kun, a few of the most pampered one. Day, Libo Fu Cao Kun as your own layout of a new study from a number, Cao Kun Luejiasisuo three characters after the book Getting to Know illness, "Boya Xuan," and with a "straight pine Millennium" bribery President "Cao Kun: Lawrence of more than ridiculous and pathetic, Peng Gao Xiang Wan red heart "of the couplet one. Cao Kun has always been easy-going temper, who rarely deal with angry family members and attendants. According to Cao's granddaughter recalls his mother wearing a nurse told her, said: "The president was still alive, no matter how many high officials were waiting for him, if he heard me coming, we must first summoned me." Every summer evening , Cao Kun, and often some poor neighbors yard and chat. These people have pulled rickshaw, but also vegetables, as well as served in big bowls of selling. Everyone sat on the bench, drinking tea and chatting. Cao Kun, and let him put his family to the chair, and sat on the bench, Guangzhuobangzi, waving a large palm-leaf fan, and the year for everyone chat, chat going-rate, political talk, laughing, good uncomfortable. Cao Kun at this time no official tasted the pleasure of danger. He often recalled his own life, very frustrating. Sometimes, selling the street to hear the cries of birds, he ordered his family to sell a bird called the home, bought all of the birds, a closer look around the home of these birds were in a cage, the cage on the yard and then Central, open the cage door, full of sympathy and affection, looking at these little life scrambling to soaring to the sky, a long fly to the direction of the bird watching. Buddhist Cao Kun in his later years, he often burn incense and chanting, also spent heavily to buy a golden Buddha on the Tianjin "Mercy Hospital" in and asked people to draw a picture of "shrines map", a daily worship. Cao Kun opium, but not "trapped light" and not addictive. Hear Hebei Clapper, whenever birthday do church, a few general points out Hebei Clapper listen. Cao Kun step down, the side without soldiers, came to Quanshan years later, around only two attendants, one Mr. (equivalent to secretary). Ms. Liu to spend money on a couple of gates that the British concession. There are three family maid and a few girl, dedicated wife and sons and daughters serve, clean up the house and so on. There are also two cooks, a driver, a when the poor. Cao Kun have guests at home all day, Qixie Yuan, high Ling Wei, Zhao Yuke, WU Qiu-fang, Wang Bichen, Xiongbing Qi, Yang Qin Shan, Du Xijun, Caihu Chen, Sung Che-yuan, Xiao Zhenying, Tan Qinglin, Yanzhi Tang, Jinyun Peng Cao, who is a frequent visitor. Especially to accompany almost every day Yanzhi Tang Cao Kun. These people sometimes talk about the political situation and Cao, sometimes playing mahjong, Cao Kun, and does not feel so lonely. Cao Kun and Wu Pei-fu is most thick, but he has proclaimed his "three no's" (that is loaned foreign debt, not into the concession, not concubinage), so just send their children often came to visit Cao Kun. Chinese New Year, Cao Kun, and Ms. Liu also sent their children to visit Wu Pei-fu. 1931 Mukden Incident, the Japanese imperialist occupation of northeast, north directed. Japanese imperialism and the Kuomintang authorities to succumb to the pressure, in 1935 established the "Hopei-Chahar Administration _Select_ Committee." One day, a few Japanese people dressed in civilian clothes, came to the British Concession in Tianjin, invited Cao Kun "coming out." Cao Kun afraid of offending the Japanese would like to open the door to meet them, but Ms. Liu Cao Kun Duzhuo not allowed to go out the door, shouting loudly and oblique accusations. Discuss the Japanese had a dull, dingy away. After Ms. Liu listing the Japanese committed crimes in the three northeastern provinces of Cao Kun, said: "is the daily porridge, it can not work out for the Japanese." Cao Kun nod promised, but also warned his son and daughter. Cao Kun Japanese home run into a wall and did not give up, also sent in the "Hopei-Chahar Administrative Committee" members do Qixie Yuan Cao Kun's friends to do the lobbyists. One night, Qi Xieyuan knock on the door asked to see. Cao Kun guard in accordance with Ms. Liu's orders not to open the door, then on Sarkozy did not go to Cao. Ms. Liu said the Japanese often see off the evening visit, it _set_ a new requirement, lock the door late at 9 o'clock, the family allowed to go out, guests are not allowed to visit. Door key from the person in charge of Ms. Liu. One day, high-Ling Wei and Feng was ordered by the Japanese visitors. Then Cao Kun was lying on the kang opium, saw high-Ling Wei, his face suddenly became pale, he severely Yishuai pipes, shouted: "You get out! After that you should not register the door Cao ! "high Lingwei scared shaking, stand out by several attendants. Since then, he could not board Cao Kun house door. Cao Kun in his later years has been able to not for money, status of the move, determined not to do things for the Japanese invaders, maintain national integrity, in addition to the historical background (immediate basically pro-British faction, Wu Pei-fu has steadfastly refused to Japanese invaders things) the outside, Cao Kun, I have a relatively strong national consciousness, the other, from which Ms. Liu also played a role. Cao Kun in old age, their families, there are two things a great blow to his spirit. First, Mrs. Chen's son born to his first wife with Caoshi Yue Yuan presume Ching (Yuan's daughter) fighting, Cao Shiyue desperate shot and wounded presume Yuan Chen. After hospitalization Yuan, Yuan unwilling to give up. Although the Yuan has already died at this time, but still very powerful Yuan Jia, Cao Shiyue been detained by the accused, Cao, Yuan two playing a lawsuit, Tianjin, the newspaper also rushing to report this "anecdote." Later, Cao Shiyue by Ms. Liu Bao Chen a and Yuan presume divorced. Cao Kun feel this loss of face, when his family brought the matter, he faces have emerged in one kind of indignant feeling. Second, Cao Kun's adopted son, the son of Cao Rui Cao Kun Cao Shaoshan, although the son of Cao Shiyue Renzuguizong shortly after birth, but in fact he still dominated by Cao Kun family property power. Cao Kun, and children were very unhappy, and often do have trouble. Cao Cao Kun look sharp in the face, do not have the heart of Cao Shaoshan too harsh, so he can not mess around at home in this situation, it became a piece of his heart, and often sighed, it was trouble. One day in May 1938, Cao Kun, due to a cold turn into pneumonia, the treatment failed, on May 17 (Lunar New Year on April 18) in Tianjin Quanshan home where Ms. Liu died, aged 76 years. Cao Kun's funeral is very grand. Wu Pei-fu to send his wife to go to Jin Zhang Peilan mourning, Wu himself in Beijing wearing Shigetaka mourning condolences. Japan, the KMT have sent people to condole, and gave Ms. Liu large pension, but was Ms. Liu refused. Cao Kun, his family and the old unit staff, hundreds of friends and family attended the funeral of filial piety Phi per capita, the United Kingdom in Tianjin temporary resting coffin cemetery. Responding to the KMT government Cao Kun refused to cooperate with the Japanese on June 14 issued a special instruction, to be commended, and posthumously to Army level will Cao Kun. Cao Kun, a total of three sons, namely Caoshi Yue (born Mrs. Chen), Cao Shi Dai, Caoshi Song (both born Ms. Liu, Shi Dai 9-year-old died); four daughters, namely Cao x (Ms. Zheng born, name unknown ), Cao Shixi (Ms. Gao born), Cao Shizhen (born Mrs. Chen), Caoshi Ying (Ms. Liu born). Attached; Cao Kun, although more bad reputation in history, to the President over the addiction, bribery at elections were a lot of money to spend, leaving the "bribery president" of notoriety. But he has the most at the end of the bottom line, it is improper traitor ------------ Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, North fall. Cao Kun's old men have been involved, as the traitor regime positions. Japanese invaders also do everything possible to drag out as Cao Kun prisoner, an old Ms. Liu Cao Kun in persuasion, would rather drink the gruel vowed not to Japanese law. Japanese rebuffed, sent has become the puppet "security forces in North China," the commander in chief Qixie Yuan to come and knock Cao Kun shut out his wife to his family. Then Governor of Hebei Province high-Ling Wei and Feng was ordered by the Japanese visit, Cao Kun, saw, sudden change of face, shouted: "You get out, after that you should not register Cao door!" High Lingwei shaking scared, be Several attendants strapped hurried away. Generation of a bloody Chinese military, these warlords ------ unwilling traitor to the people and history on hand so the final papers, written in the final for his glory. Life is major, traitorous betrayal is not major; everyone has a man's bottom line, the bottom line is a traitor improper.