Yan (1890 -1990) of the civilian world famous educator and the founder of Rural Reconstruction. To save art education, "stupid." Through the study of culture, arts education and popularization of scientific knowledge developed wisdom. They wrote more than 600 civilians in reading; _Select_ed including Guci, songs, proverbs, stories, jokes and other 60 million words of folk art data collection and practical folk painting, music, etc., organized singing competition, rural theaters, hold a variety of cultural activities. Livelihood education governance to "poor." For agricultural research, held in an experimental farm, improved breeds and breeds; for farmers "livelihood training", such as the promotion of agricultural seeds, pest control, scientific pigs, chickens, beekeeping, community self-help organizations of farmers, cooperatives, Cooperative Federation, to carry out credit, purchase, production, transportation aspects of economic activity. Save on health education "weak." Implementation of health education, rural medical and health systems to create, and village health workers _set_ up, _set_ the village health center, county health-care hospital _set_ting. In 1934, the county built the system, annual per capita burden of farmers, but the ocean iceberg. Smallpox epidemic in the control, treatment of trachoma and skin diseases has made remarkable achievements. In order to save public education "private." Yan civilian education that is based on literacy, civic education center is to develop people in the public mind and spirit of cooperation. They publish a variety of civic education materials, study of rural self-government, civic activities and guidance of the Family Education. Unlike many theorists differ as a man of action Yan. He actively promoted, "Dr. countryside", and take the lead, the family moved to rural areas. Many of his colleagues, Dr. returning students, masters and many people abandoned the university presidents, professors work and opportunities for advancement officer, came among farmers to explore rural development, the path of national self-help themselves. Yan claimed the "three c" of his life, that Confucius (confucius), Christ (christ) and coolies (coolies). He said: "I am of Chinese culture and Western democracy, scientific thought, a combination of births. I do have a sense of mission and save the world view; I am a missionary, preaching is mass education, the starting point is the Ren love. I am a revolutionary , want to get rid of bad habits to lose popular education, to the old innovation, do not advocate violence and murder and arson. ... ... I believe that 'All men can become Yao and Shun'. St. Augustine said: 'In the depths of every soul, there is sacred thing '. the prevalence of human conscience, but also I have no doubt of. " In 1943, the 400th anniversary of the death of the U.S. Commission on Copernicus and other initiatives, by 180 distinguished educators, scientists Committee, the _Select_ion Yan as "revolutionary contribution to the great modern world", elected 10 people, including John Dewey and love Einstein.
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Yan (1890-1990 years) Well-known educationist and social scientists. Sichuanbazhong people. Mainly engaged in mass education and social transformation. 1913 studied at St. Paul's College in Hong Kong. 1916 into Yale University to study political science and economics, a bachelor's degree. 1918 in France, he served as the North American YMCA Field Service Officer. 1920 Research at Princeton University, received a master's degree. 1920 return, the National Association of the Shanghai YMCA auspices of the Ministry of intellectual civilian education. Organization established in 1923 the Chinese Mass Education Association, the Director-General. Founded in 1940 in Chongqing Institute of Rural Reconstruction, dean. In the United States in 1943 was voted as the "greatest contribution to the world, the ten most influential celebrities," one. 1944-1945 by the United States and other Scylla Pulitzer granted three universities doctorate. 1950 moved to the United States. 50 years later, to assist the Philippines. Thailand, Guatemala, Colombia, Ghana and other countries to establish Rural Reconstruction Association. 60 years in the Philippines founded the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, dean. Yan, born in 1890 in the County of Sichuan Province, Pakistan, a younger generation of literary doors. Rural doctors in the Chambers and the father's education, he was influenced by Confucian culture. Come to know the father of learning is also well aware of the times "and another outside the scholarly world, the Western is a trend." Therefore decided to send hundreds of miles away juvenile Yan Mainland Christian School will be founded by the West to accept the new school. Here he Yi learning the math, chemistry, physics, history, geography, English and other modern scientific knowledge, but also exposed to Christianity, baptized. 1916 across the oceans, was admitted to Yale University, studying political science. 1917 China declared war on Germany, Britain and France to supplement labor shortage, significant recruitment of laborers from China destined for the battlefields of Europe, in the delivery of supplies, digging trenches, burying the body and other heavy labor. Since the vast majority are illiterate laborers, Wanlitiaotiao to a foreign country, the language barrier, the spirit of the already extreme boredom, combined with onerous labor and denounced foreigners and abuse, emotionally unstable. Early 1918 summer and Yan graduated from Yale University, two days later, the beam loading the battlefield in France to participate in YMCA hosted services for the laborers work, when students participate in the work of about two hundred people, known also for the people There Yutang, Contension et al. June, Yan arrived in France Prussian blue (Bologue) service center, where 5,000 laborers of Chinese workers camp and began the work of the service for Chinese workers. And laborers from morning till evening, he found that workers are not only industrious and simple, and has a remarkable enthusiasm and wisdom. But they do not have access to education, only to poverty and ignorance, became the object of bullying to be enslaved. Chinese workers camp is a microcosm of Chinese society. "People are the foundation, the solid Bunning," there is no high-quality people, where's the great motherland! He played in the Chinese workers camp in the pilot literacy classes. Slate, slate pencil and life in the commonly used Chinese characters to be his teaching tools and materials. Four months of teaching, so that the workers can actually read newspapers, will be accounted for, can write their own name, write a simple letter from home. He was encouraged. Then Britain and France and the United States in the form of Chinese workers camp in the country to promote further "open the wisdom of Chinese workers, laborers supporting the moral, contact the feelings of Chinese laborers." 20 mid-established in most provinces and cities to promote the Chinese Mass Education Branch, north, central, east and south of the city has launched a vigorous literacy literacy campaign, as 20 years, a feat in the history of Chinese education. Educational achievements of civilians in the city, he further reflection, China has always been founded on agriculture, 80% of the population living in the countryside, rural Chinese society is the foundation and center of gravity. China is experiencing a total collapse of society, to relief in China, we must first relief to rural areas, China must build to build villages, this country need to _set_ off a profound reform movement. Village campaign will take up the "national reconstruction" mission. In 1926, Ping Ding County Church _select_ed as the experimental area, and then turned on a magnificent _set_ a precedent for rural construction. The process of universal education, and gradually formed the overall idea of rural construction. Yan will be classified as a rural problem, "stupid, poor, weak, private" four-terminal, advocates a literature and art, livelihood, health, civic, "the four education" are healing. The education proposals and they have implemented include: To save art education, "stupid." Through the study of culture, arts education and popularization of scientific knowledge developed wisdom. They wrote more than 600 civilians in reading; _Select_ed including Guci, songs, proverbs, stories, jokes and other 60 million words of folk art data collection and practical folk painting, music, etc., organized singing competition, rural theaters, hold a variety of cultural activities. Livelihood education governance to "poor." For agricultural research, held in an experimental farm, improved breeds and breeds; for farmers "livelihood training", such as the promotion of agricultural seeds, pest control, scientific pigs, chickens, beekeeping, community self-help organizations of farmers, cooperatives, Cooperative Federation, to carry out credit, purchase, production, transportation aspects of economic activity. Save on health education "weak." Implementation of health education, rural medical and health systems to create, and village health workers _set_ up, _set_ the village health center, county health-care hospital _set_ting. In 1934, the county built the system, annual per capita burden of farmers, but the ocean iceberg. Smallpox epidemic in the control, treatment of trachoma and skin diseases has made remarkable achievements. In order to save public education "private." Yan civilian education that is based on literacy, civic education center is to develop people in the public mind and spirit of cooperation. They publish a variety of civic education materials, study of rural self-government, civic activities and guidance of the Family Education. Early thirties, Interior Minister to Kuomintang Dingxian inspection, for fixed County greatly appreciates the work of rural reconstruction, so the national government decided to promote this model to the nation. Therefore, the Nanjing government passed a resolution to establish the National Rural Development Institute of the provinces and _set_ aside to do a pilot county. As the Japanese invasion of China in 1936 led the Concourse evacuated Yan Ting County, will County Tests were suspended. Yan said: "We were out of our human society, Ding County - Economic Laboratory, the world's first social laboratory.". Moved to the Concourse was removed Changsha, Hengshan, and finally to withdraw to Sichuan. In 1940, Yan founded in Sichuan in the history of Chinese education for rural transformation of the first institutions of higher education training expertise - the Rural Development Institute, _set_ up side resistance education training of farmers groups, side continued to carry out the "county unit" and "provincial units" civilian education and rural reconstruction experiment. In 1943, the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the birth of Copernicus, the United States more than one hundred representatives from universities and research institutions named Yan as "the modern world's ten most revolutionary contribution to the great man," one of the parallel with Einstein and Yan, John Dewey and other Aowei La. Wright, Henry. Ford. Yan is the only honor Asians. End of World War II, President Roosevelt made his famous four freedoms, Yan added a, is that the people have "freedom from ignorance." After 1950, the civilian population in China Yan education and rural reconstruction experiment had to be terminated, he will transfer his business to a wider international stage - the third world countries in order to test the basic experience Dingxian China peace education and rural construction theory, in Thailand, the Philippines, India, Ghana, Cuba, Colombia, Guatemala and other countries, continue to run mass education and rural transformation, guiding the implementation of field experiments and community education. The initial "In addition to illiteracy, a New Citizen," the slogan of expanding the "illiterate than the world for the world New People." In 1956, the indirect help of Yan by Yan rural reform ideas, the first batch of Philippine history, members of the national elections produced. Later Yan in the Philippines has established the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, the agency has been working to this day. 1955 Yan by the United States "Looking" (look) magazine as "the current figure of hundreds of the world's most important." International public opinion to give him a high rating, and praised his "firm belief is a brave and imaginative scholar, mind and spirit of the civilian labor liberator" and "Father of the world's civilian education," "true philosopher and humanitarian advocates. " Nobel Prize winner American writer Pearl S. Buck, praised his "dark place in the world lit a beacon." President of the Philippines, Thailand, the king regarded his country's highest medal awarded to him in recognition of his outstanding contribution in their respective countries. August 1985, after 45 years absence, the motherland, Yan was invited to visit the home, Deng Yingchao, Wan Li, Gucheng so received him, and the life of civilians in China and the world the cause of education and rural reconstruction gave a positive assessment. In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan Yan awarded "Lifetime Achievement Award end hunger," and "six years to eradicate hunger and poverty causes the third world, you always to promote and develop a sustained and integrated plan.", and congratulated him on his 97 birthday. Yan 98 years old birthday in 1988 on the occasion, President Reagan gave his congratulatory message said: "In my tenure, one of the largest reward than to know there are others like you wholeheartedly for the leaders of the disability services." 1989 President Bush's message to Yan's birthday, said: "By seeking to give those people in trouble to help, not charity, you reiterated the human dignity and value." "You make many people aware that: Any child not only has mouth to feed, but has unlimited potential, there are two work hand and valuable people. " January 1990, Yan has completed a full course of a century of life, died in New York. Year-round 100 years old. Some of their ashes placed in the eastern suburbs of White Pagoda Peak, Pakistan Yan Historical City Hall. Looking at today's rural areas, although the world capsized the change, but the basic problem and the situation is still similar. Yan then "Ding County experiment" is still our understanding, to resolve the "three rural" issue should learn a valuable resource; and his life committed to mass education, devotion to the spirit of rural construction, it is very rare moment, we managed to inherit and carry forward the need to spiritual heritage. Yan told the world when he interviewed Pearl S. Buck said: "I raised this issue to the world, requesting answers. Why can not unite all countries, all people of the region to fight against our enemies - ignorance, poverty, disease and corruption in government? " Yan claimed the "three C" affected his life, that Confucius (Confucius), Christian (Christ) and Coolie (Coolies). He said: "I am of Chinese culture and Western democracy, scientific thought, a combination of births. I do have a sense of mission and save the world view; I am a missionary, preaching is mass education, the starting point is the Ren love. I am a revolutionary , want to get rid of bad habits to lose popular education, to the old innovation, do not advocate violence and murder and arson. ... ... I believe that 'All men can become Yao and Shun'. St. Augustine said: 'In the depths of every soul, there is sacred thing '. the prevalence of human conscience, but also I have no doubt of. " Yan that "nationalism is a sensible internationalism", he said: "The 'rich' people and the 'rich' countries must understand that only when the 'poor' people and the 'poor' countries to meet, and you are the safe. You call that enlightened self-interest can be. " Mr. Yan has continued to work in the civil position, he said: "If you want in education or other areas to promote new ideas and new system, it is best not to get involved in politics, so that you have absolute freedom to experiment, This is a full play to their wisdom, the only way, otherwise you will fail because the principle to give up. " Mr. Yan during the social transformation that, the only good intentions and enthusiasm are not enough, but also a scientific method. The practice of his life, summed up a _set_ on rural education, economic development, health, social organizations, the scientific method. Yan said: "We all want a better world, but the exact meaning of it? The world is the most basic elements of what? Is gold or steel? No, the most basic element is the people! Turning to a more better world, we need the exact meaning of the quality of the people better. "
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