Early literature refers to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Period Spring and Autumn period of Chinese literature. Confucius, the founder of Confucian culture in China has compiled a record of the history books at the history of Lu called "Spring", and this time recorded in history books span a historical period and constitute roughly the Spring and Autumn Period, so future generations will The historical period known as the Spring and Autumn Period, referring to the years from 770 BC to 476 BC, is basically the first half of the Eastern Zhou period.
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【Overview】 Spring Literature
Confucius, like the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese culture period of great development achieved by the Chinese thought and culture in the history of religious superstition and witchcraft divination to the people-centered culture of rational transformation of human cultural history. In the spring of this transition, although since the traditional concept of Xia and Shang still plays a huge role in people's minds, generally taking place in. Bet the king and the princes and the decline of political authority shaken, learning in the official situation is broken down along with the emergence of academic, cultural books to all aspects of civil and other social changes, but also caused some changes in people's ideas, Spring and Autumn period of these changes is to achieve the ideological and cultural transformation of the historical conditions. "Zuo Zhuan" is the pre-Qin era one of the most important book. It is the Spring and Autumn Period of the encyclopedia, but also to explore the evolution of the situation of Spring and Autumn Period basic documents of literature, or the world's first encyclopedia. In language, after Chinese Qin from Oracle, Bronze to the "Book", "Book of Songs," the language of evolution, has qualified for the function of literary language. From the creators of view, although the main body of nobility or a writer, but the bottom singer scholars and civil society to their creative achievements are also an important literature of the group. Literature from the rational and emotional point of view of literature, history, reason in the Spring and Autumn Period there is a trend to strengthen, but also in the Spring and Autumn secular emotional world of human emotion plays an important role, with the evolution of the historian with the Historical Survey of the Spring and Autumn Period bronze research can explain. Spring twelve public and one of every four public can be divided into three phases. The Downs, the development period, and prosperity. Each of the political and historical background, literary figures, and embodied in the representation of poetry and rhetoric in the face of literary activities, as well as the basic characteristics of the very obvious.
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【Form】 Spring Literature Literature
Spring and Autumn Period Spring and Autumn presents a comprehensive form of culture. Some literary works are historical or philosophical works. Also rich in history and philosophy of literature means. Spring and Autumn Period of the concept of shooting the father said Chu Wu, Zhu, cases and other duties, is also difficult to distinguish between the terms of reference, Wu and Zhu are both the history of the ministry, showing the witch history, regardless of the situation. Spring poetry experienced a significant development process, from the evolution of religious poetry praising pray to the political narrative poems, and then evolve to Expressing lyrics. Religious praise poems, such as turtle shells and bones pray in the verse, "easy" hexagram and line statements, Zhong Dingming text rhymes, etc.; political narrative poems, such as most of Daya, a small portion of Xiaoya and song, etc.; Expressing lyrics such as small Ya most of the wind and all the country. Remember the ancestors of these poems, or, or the United States barbed current affairs, or recite temperament, laid the development of Chinese poetry.
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Literature of the Spring and Autumn Flow】 【
Cultural Circle of the Western Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn, learning the official, only the nobles have the right to education, culture, dominated by the nobility. At that time the contents of official school, according to "Zhou local officials" have recorded the six arts: "A five-Li Yue, second is six music, third is five-shot, five Si Yue Yu, Wu Yue Liu Shu, Liu Yue number nine." This Official class, then gradually evolved into private teaching, that father and son from generation to generation. Aristocratic master the knowledge culture can be literature, so called public says: "People who Xuan make statements, so the emperor hearings, so Gongqing The column who offer poetry, blind offer music, history, offering books, teacher-chen, Sou Fu, Meng chant . "(" singer of the song "), which Gongqing, who are the noble line. They offer, the Antichrist, the Fu, the chanting of the poetry, the "Book of Songs" three "Song", "Taiga" and "Xiao Ya", and to the United States, stabbed Wang Zheng. Noble became a Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn when the main creators of literature. Zhou also have a lot of folk songs, these songs of mostly civilians. It is said that these poems collected by hand, by the officer in charge of the music to music, Taishi correction, processing, and then play to listen to the emperor, in order to observe customs, knowledge gains and losses, this is the "Book of Songs" in the fifth from the states. The so-called "men and women have resentment, as opposed to songs. Hunger is the song of its food, labor being to the song" ("Venerable Chunqiu fifteen years," He closed note), very high literary value. The identity of the Spring and Autumn literary development as ever-changing society, from the witch to the history of the nobility, to persons, their evolution, and the literature is consistent with the trend of prosperity. The diversity of authorship, so that literature in the genre, subject matter, style, and show a colorful features.
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Representative works of literature】 【Spring
"The Analects" With the implementation of the system weekly packet. Chinese history has entered a new stage. Since the Duke of Zhou "ritual music" to Confucius, "Misinterpretation", the old religion and culture have been gradually replaced by magic, rituals, music culture has become mainstream. That is, starting from the Western Zhou ritual in China entered a phase of marked rational civilization. "Ritual," the spiritual essence of the social order is consciously recognized, and these "rituals" concept or system is used to sacrifice on behalf of the original Wu culture, especially in the developed witch ritual sacrifice, such as funeral rites, township Ritual drinking, etc., these rituals aimed at maintaining the caste system, its core is the "virtue" and "benevolence" and some political ethics. Zhou cultural reformers is through this "Sacred" approach, skillfully done rational culture breakthrough of the original culture. As Wang Guowei said: "The big change between the Yin and Zhou Dynasties from the table a word, but a rise and fall of the family name of the transfer of Rhyme. Since its in a word, the old system new system of waste and Xing, the old culture of waste and Xing culture. "(" View System of Tang Ji Lin Yin and Zhou Dynasties ") Zhou devotion and virtue of the rational spirit, the human society and of their own status has been affirmed by all the gods have varying degrees of doubt and denial, the kind of strong magic Shang Dynasty religious reduced. Literary history of the Zhou Dynasty more attention, attention to social, attention life. Focus on the history of the concern stems from the reality, when the gods are no longer used as the driving force of human behavior, not the direction to the people when the meaning of history began to unravel. Especially in the era of social change, people need to find from the history and lessons learned under the act. Therefore, the historical consciousness of the Zhou Dynasty ever developed, historian quickly dilute the original religious duties, and by his knowledge of history and professional beliefs consciously shouldering the responsibility of reality, the so-called "cultural historian" is therefore mature. "Book Week" in the "Patent", "oath" to the literature in the form of the Western Zhou Dynasty records the history of conquest business, reflecting the social relations and Zhou weekly political ideals. Countries have historical and Autumn Period, and to Lu of the "Spring and Autumn" as the representative. Existing Lu "Spring and Autumn" is revised by Confucius, and its basic spirit is "Road birthright" ("Zhuangzi world"), which stresses social and ethical order and the choice of historical facts, to appraise apartment in the hands of their own the social ideal. Clearly, Confucius is expressed through the repair history of the real concerns. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, there was a "Zuo Zhuan" and the "national language", the two books inherited and developed the "Spring and Autumn," the reality of spirit and technique of expression, promote Confucian King Tak Chongli, Zunwangrangyi, consolidate protect the people of thinking. "Zuo Zhuan" Biographical Essays in Pre culmination, it describes the historical facts and portray the image of a very superb performance skills to the Chinese narrative into mature, open the "Warring States", "Historical Records" and other essays of the first of its kind Biographical . "National language" to write the main words, the words elegant, refined, and the language characters portrayed by the image of the plot and characters, literary achievements, although slightly lower than "Zuo Zhuan", but also for future generations revered. Sub-Lou, "recorded" children songs "and" funny Historical Biography, "recorded" Meng Song "and so on, to varying degrees reflect the state of Chu (in) the achievements of poetry.