-Tsu (emperor) tomb. Purple Mountain in Nanjing (the Chung Shan) southern foot. One of the national key cultural relics protection units. Ling before Shiren, stone herd, divine holiness monument so. See "Xiaoling."
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No. 2
Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in southwest slope of Drung Zhongshan Fu. The tomb of the first Ming emperor. Year built in 1381-1383. Queen Ma-tsu buried before entry, because the Empress Ma, posthumous "Koji", named "Xiaoling." Ling has more than 800 meters long before the Shinto, both sides of the stand there Shiren, Shishou 十八 right. Westwood existing mausoleum there, out buildings and monuments and other supernatural virtues, after the next floor is the mausoleum, is the first Ming emperor and Empress Ma buried Department. A national key cultural relics protection units.
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No. 3
Xiaoling Contact Address: Purple Mountain south eastern outskirts of Mount Everest to play under the Dulong Fu Zip Code: 210000 Phone :025 -84446111 Xiaoling in Nanjing Tourist Complaint Complaint Phone :025 -52,260,123 Complaint Jiangsu province Tel :025 -83,418,185 State Tourism Tel :010-65275315 Complaint Xiaoling honor aaaa level scenic area, a World Heritage Xiaoling ticket price of 50 yuan (including the Ming Tomb, Plum Blossom Hill, the Red House Art BUILDING three spots), free of charge after 7 pm visit. Xiaoling Jinling lantern festival, Plum Blossom Festival, climb the city wall, Xiaoling open Shangsi Festival opening hours :08:00-18: 00 Xiaoling best time to travel in spring and autumn the best Guide map Xiaoling Xiaoling Xiaoling traffic map and drive around the central city far from Shanghai (313) km So far from Hangzhou (332) km From Nanjing to this (0) km Xiaoling recommended itineraries to remind the next Mafang - God Horeb Monument - Large Kinmen - Red Door and Xihongmen - Sifang Cheng (ie "big Xiaoling magic holiness Monument" Pavilion) - Xiaoling stone gourmet specialties: Nanjing duck, boiled salted duck, crispy beef, dry transpiration birds, smell gluten, chrysanthemum leaves lao duck soup, boiled eel slices, duck blood soup fans, Lion House lion head Snacks: Gansi, fried, steamed buns, noodles, pizza, pancakes, tofu floods, noodles in soup dumplings, vegetable buns, butter biscuits, sweet Dousha Bao, Gansi chicken noodle, spring rolls, fried, beef soup, xiao long bao dumplings , pressure surface, Crab face, long fish, noodles, beef, fried dumpling, back to the brine, dried, stewed tea, eggs, sugar, lotus root soup, Yin Shi Ji Zhi Tang Bao Qinhuai snacks The first must: Yong Park and the open ocean Gansi Huangqiao fried The second must: Chiang Kee beef and beef fried dumpling soup The third must: Home of the tofu six Phoenix waterlogging and Onion The fourth must: Qi-fang crisp fried duck House and assorted vegetable bun Fifth must: Qi Fang Su Gansi Court of sesame oil and pour chicken noodles Sixth must: Lianhu Gaotuan sandwich shop in a small lantern and the colored osmanthus small cake VII must: Zhan smoked fish noodle dumplings silver surface and the thin bags VIII must: Quebec Light House of Wu Xiangdou and spiced eggs Souvenirs: lotus flowers, cherry, shochu, cemetery watermelon, Zhang Koizumi knife, Jinling evil spirits, Jinling gold, brocade, stone crafts Nanjing Ming Xiaoling wide variety of shopping, of which there are more famous brocade, Jiangning foil products, velvet, antique ivory and wood carvings, etc., available to buy authentic Brocade Brocade Research Institute Jiangdong door. In addition, produced by Nanjing Yuhuatai stone is worth collecting souvenirs in Yuhuatai, the Confucius Temple area and has sales of arts and crafts building. By the stone leads to the "Nanjing stones" are also thriving market in Nanjing, interested people to stone market stroll, maybe the name will encounter some interesting rock. If you want to bring some small food to the family, Nanjing, sausage, Hong belly, salted duck vacuum osmanthus is essential, do not forget the Nanjing fragrant and delicious raw pellets roses, shopping malls and supermarkets in both the central can buy. Another rain flower tea, tea, spring's new best quality. Ming Tomb Tour by 2,3-road traffic, up to 20 bus. Xiaoling play Nostalgic Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the tomb of the first Ming emperor, is also China's largest imperial mausoleum in ancient existing one. Zhongshan is located in the south of Everest to play under the Dulong Fu, built in 1383 (Ming Dynasty), has been 600 years of history. Magnificent mausoleum construction, mausoleum walls up to 45 km, Xiaoling minutes before and after the two parts. Start from the bottom front by Sifang Cheng Ma Fang, there are "big Xiaoling magic holiness" Monument Monument and Shinto giant, both sides Shishou, look column, stone Wengzhong etc.; back from the main entrance, "Governance Longtang Song" monument, Xiaoling Hall, Fang City, Westwood and other components. The emperor and Empress Ma was buried in Westwood Hill after the soil under the Dulong Fu. A national key cultural relics protection units. Pavilion cemetery year phase; Xiangdian in the smoke-filled, pine woodlands, Luming the meantime, the extraordinary momentum. Due to repeated Binghuo, is the only monument of God Horeb, dismount tablets, Kinmen, and the magic of the German monument Sifang Cheng, Shinto Shishou lions, Xie Zhi, camel elephant, giraffe, horse of six 24, two stone pillars Shinto , Wenchen the four generals. Sifang Cheng start from the tomb of Shinto. Sifang Cheng is a Pavilion, located between the Guardian Bridge and Sun Yat-sen, the top has been destroyed, the only remaining square walls, stand inside a stone seat turtle tablets, 8.78 m high monument. Zhu Di essays by the pro-inscriptions, namely 2746 words, detailing the first Ming of merit. Beizuo, top part of a tablet carved magnificent. Shinto outside the Golden Water Bridge by which the west (now the Red Bridge), then folded around the Meihuashan north, about 1800 meters. One section of the stone like a road, this road lined with 12 pairs of Shishou opposite, namely, lions, camels, elephants and horses, 6 species of each of two pairs, attitude is a pair of V, a confrontation. Behind a pair of tall ornamental columns, carved Yunlong, the momentum of the ordinary. Fold, respectively, to the north of the column was Shinto wearing armor or Mangpao 4 on the Fumiomi generals, but unfortunately some have been damaged. Very large body size Shiren Shishou is the art of the Ming Dynasty stone treasures. Ming Tomb of the red door faces south, is on the Plum Blossom Hill, the amount of doors a letter to "Xiaoling" words. Beiting originally built after the two Royal Pavilion, west of the pavilion called the slaughter, with a service called the house of the east, this had been destroyed, the remaining number of columns and Ishii fences. Xiangdian position in the original 64 columns can still see the foundation, which Xiangdian can imagine the size of the year is great. Xiangdian years now as wen (1873) reconstruction, much smaller than the original, the portrait of emperor worship. Xiangdian is an in-depth after 100 meters, tens of meters wide and open space, the middle corridor, wooded on both sides. Corridor at the end of a stone bridge, said the large stone bridge, also known as l Xianqiao, meaning that over this bridge is "Once upon a time." Northbound is a 75 meters wide and 16 meters high, 31 meters deep into the castle-like building, said the party city. Something out of the tunnel can board the city have the top of stone steps. City top of the original palace building built next floor, the top and the next floor, wood structure has been destroyed, is the only four walls. Party City in the top vistas, Sun Yat-sen east, south Meihuashan the west Botanical Garden, north of the "ding", ding diameter of about 400 meters a large circular mound, that the emperor and horses buried in the underground palace of the Queen. It's surrounded by a stone into the cliff section, the south of the stone walls engraved with "The Tomb of Ming Tai Zu Mountain" seven characters. Surrounded by verdant trees, pines bursts, it can not help the hair to be nostalgic. Xiaoling completed, the Ming and Qing dynasties more than the emperor, the Taiping leader Hong, Provisional President of the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen and the Ming dynasty of many politicians, strategists, writers frequently pay homage, pay tribute to the Ming Xiaoling, Yin inscription poetry, to express their ideas, aspirations and feelings. In a particular historical context, the Ming Xiaoling as enhancing national cohesion markers. Xiaoling inherited the Han, Tang, Song Diling some aspects of the system, such as the Mausoleum of the former palace _set_ Shinto, Shinto both sides of the _set_ Shixiang Sheng, Xun Chen, etc., but the Ming Tomb is the six main characteristics of innovation: Xiaoling Ming Tombs and share a main Shinto Ming Xiaoling Tomb of the region, both the emperor and empress were buried in Xiaoling. Another subject of the Crown Prince Zhu Tanglin. Tanglin through archaeological exploration, and no stone has a separate _set_ of Shinto and the Royal Imperial River bridge, that share a main Tanglin and Xiaoling Shinto. Distributed around the Liang Dynasty in Nanjing Xiao Hong Lin Chuan Wang family cemetery, there have been a common phenomenon in Shinto, but the Southern end of the common phenomenon of Shinto and heritage are universal, but not the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan accepted by generations of rulers . Or inherited the legacy of the emperor of the Southern, or out of consideration topography, open plane of the first emperor's mausoleum Shinto for future generations by sharing system. The system inherited by the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Shinto winding Before the Ming Imperial Tombs of China, generally in the tomb Shinto towel axis. Ming Tomb in the Shinto design did not follow the beaten track, but innovative. Shinto is not only not in the tomb central axis, and shaped with the potential for the twists and turns. This eclectic design is generally considered to be the earth, or that is like a day. No Enemy is a method to or like the day, with China's traditional culture is related to traditional culture are the towel a reflection of the country. Xiaoling winding road layout of arsenic in the mausoleum in ancient China, is unique. Stone Carvings grand total integration with the local fine In the plastic arts, the Ming Tomb Stone Carvings variety of styles and simple shapes thick to form big win, like, looking stone column, etc. are all huge system. Carving techniques, the emphasis on realism, from clever to clumsy, much less to use the techniques, rounded lines and smooth, fine crafted emblem of office, even in the looming as the carving out ear ear vein, and the unicorn behind the sculpture haitai the intricate mane. Ming Tomb Stone Carvings will fine the whole magnificent blend with the local, on behalf of the Chinese stone carving art of the early Ming the highest level. Drainage system for the scientific and artistic melting pot of Nanjing is located in the Yangtze River, as more water areas, abundant rainfall. Zhongshan rock slope from north to south, the main peak of the water main by the Xiaoling Mausoleum Dulong Fu Gong regional excretion. Xiaoling have built a sound drainage system to ensure the safety of Ling Palace. Therefore, in the Xiaoling Mausoleum with the region outside the Imperial River, the City of Imperial River Imperial River and Po three drainage system. Mausoleum of these three fields will be divided into Yuhe guidance area, Shinto area, after the former area and sleep area, through Royal Bridge, connecting these four areas into a harmonious whole. The three drainage system not only does not break the Mausoleum of domain space of the order and integrity, and the use of Royal Mausoleum of domain will decorate the bridge is even more perfect, more full of life, can be described in the planning and design originality. In addition to the three Imperial River, the tomb also has a huge underground palace ducted to increase the discharge amount of the rainy season. Ling palace is built with underground drainage, the ground laying brick buildings are scattered around the water and open ditch, Xiangdian pedestal surrounded by dozens of beautiful cantilevered out bulk water dragons, hills outside the palace walls of the palace are also scattered bricks laid in water, and to build retaining wall brick stone. Architectural style, technology and components exemplary style Architectural design of the Ming Tomb, the first city in the mound before the construction side and Po Ming House, the layout of the city and the format, so look after imposing some sleep, on top of other regions above. Large Kinmen, Beilou Palace and Xiang Fang City and other large buildings, the widespread use of stone Xu Mizuo as a base, the building appears solid, strong, dignified, noble. The top of large buildings under the building itself is located in the mausoleum in the primary and secondary locations, covering different dimensions, different glaze of glass components, showing rich, beautiful, noble and dignified. Large Kinmen, Beilou Palace and Xiang Ling palace doors and other large buildings are arch-shaped roof, especially out the top floor of the tunnel arch Gaotai deep, quite spectacular. The top of the arch-shaped pattern, although the door has long been, but like the Ming Xiaoling ground arch-shaped building door top of the arch span of the tall, the construction of the beautiful, never before in the temple building. Ming Xiaoling masonry, China is building large span brick arch in the history of technology used in house building success story. Xiaoling Xiangdian on the platform of a large drum mirror column bases, and its shape originated in the early Ming Dynasty in Nanjing, and the Song Dynasty and its previous use of official architecture of the column bases and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Fu Pen-style drum along a popular orange-shaped column bases completely different. Black Mirror column bases are commonly used in Nanjing, the Ming official buildings, with Yongle moved the capital and after their style to Beijing, almost clear, honest and upright official column bases of the unique style of architecture. Xiaoling building roof ridge glass dragons kiss, its shape is different from the prevailing south fishes kiss, but also with Suzhou and Shaoxing Qu Shuo found in a long long soft kiss is different. Xiaoling building ridge crest, which was created long kiss shape pattern for Beijing tomorrow, clean government by the inherited architecture, and in the subsequent Ming and upright official architecture is widely used roof ridge. In short, the Ming Tomb and the unique value of the universal value and impact. It is the early Ming political thought, socio-cultural, aesthetic awareness, building technical and financial resources of the crystalline state. Cemetery layout and architectural forms, with a distinctive example of the style and spirit. Not only inherited the Han, Tang, Song Diling excellent system components, but also created a new Mausoleum system. Ming Xiaoling mausoleum system, standardize the Ming and Qing dynasties Mausoleum 500 years the overall pattern and character building, and its standing, profound impacts. There are four mystery 明孝陵 One mystery: the emperor is buried in the Dulong Fu Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the mausoleum of the emperor's buildings, but the specific location of its underground palace where has different opinions, history inconclusive. When the emperor was buried together with the 13 gates at the same time there was the funeral and buried in Nanjing, temples, Beijing Long live the mountain folklore, so the emperor is really buried in Xiaoling, a number of years people haunts mystery. In order to clarify the historical truth, 1998, Nanjing Institute of Cultural Relics Bureau and Zhongshan Mausoleum archaeological experts for nearly 6 years, for the first time the use of sophisticated technology and other means of magnetic measurement, combined with traditional exploration methods detect underground palace. Archaeological experts believe this is the underground palace of Ming Xiaoling center, the emperor was buried under tens of meters at the Dulong Fu, and this underground palace is well preserved, excluding theft of the past, said the spread of the underground palace. The second mystery: Why is the curved ramps Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, compared with the emperors, there are many differences, one of which is curved not straight ramps. By detecting and found that was actually due to two different rocks. Ming House, the slopes north of the underground rock from the two different composition, the west side of the next Jurassic conglomerate in the east is the later of the feldspar quartz sandstone. The west side of the rock hardness, difficult excavation, archaeological experts, based on geological characteristics of the city treasure that should not preclude the existence of such a possibility: the year the construction of the Ming Xiaoling moderator noted differences of local rock, and modify the original Some of the construction program. Of course, this is only on one side of Xiaoling Westwood ramps are somewhat of a cause of speculation. In addition, there are two arguments: First, Palace Tomb Meihuashan before, here is where the tomb of Sun Quan, Sun Quan, the emperor had said to him that this hero to the door, so had to change the straight bend Shinto; Second, farmers emperor born emperor, informal work into law, to be creative ingenuity in the mausoleum buildings also. The third mystery: "Turtle tablets pack monument," what exactly to use About 100 meters southeast of the Sifang Cheng valley lies a stone turtle, its head towards the valley (southeast) of exports, seems to have always wanted to climb out of that deep in the Mausoleum area. People in the 30 meters away from the turtle tablets found in a stone and wood lying on the ground. Wood joints at both ends of the monument, one of the joints is just back of the hole into the turtle tank size tablets. This shows that they are supporting a heritage that "turtle tablets pack monument." This heritage is located in Xiaoling Daikin door, Xiaoling magic holiness Beiting the East, both in the stuff the same line, same time, large volume, but the monument was nothing. What is it used for? Heritage experts have not yet solved the mystery. The fourth mystery: Why was Xiaoling "Compass" Layout Although the construction time Xiaoling stretches more than 30 years, but the planning and design is a largely completed. Archaeologists found in the Ming Tomb archaeological investigation, from the plane of observation, Xiaoling Kinmen via the main Shinto from the big city until the treasure, and its layout was like the Big Dipper. Archaeologists believe that the mausoleum of the emperor in his planning and design on the use of symbolism to the overall planning Compass, both absorbed in ancient China, especially the Yuan, Ming era were Sihou "Soul Compass" thinking, but also adopted a pillar of the Home Dipper was the "four spirits," the mystery around the layout phase.
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Xiaoling Introduction
Xiaoling has experienced 600 years of vicissitudes, many of the wooden structure of the building no longer exists, but the cemetery still retains the original pattern of a quality of style, underground tomb house intact. Tomb and stone main building area, Fang City, Ming House, Po Shing, ding, including the next Mafang, large Kinmen, magic holiness monument, Shinto, stone road stone, are relics of the Ming Dynasty architecture, maintaining the mausoleum of the original a building authenticity and integrity of spatial layout. Especially the Ming Tomb in the "former post-sleep" and the mausoleum of the system before and after the three courtyards, reflecting the ritual, but the highlight is the imperial power and politics. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the largest existing ancient architectural one of imperial tombs, the mausoleum of the system inherits the Mausoleum of the Tang and Song and before "the mountain for the hills" system, but also through the reform package for the Circular Mound Cemetery, opened a mausoleum architecture " After the circle in front of "the basic pattern. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum construction of the regulation, has been standardized with 500 years of Ming and Qing Dynasties Mausoleum of the building more than 20 patterns, the history of the Mausoleum in China has a special status. Therefore, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum called the Ming and Qing royal first. This has been 600 years of history, with its tomb of the Ming imperial tomb prominent, large scale and unique shape, back on the famous Zhongshan beautiful environment and the world. The tomb of China's largest existing one. In 1961, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. July 2003, in the 27th World Heritage Conference, the Ming Xiaoling as the "Imperial Tombs" expansion project was included in the "World Heritage List", a World Heritage members. Evaluation of the World Heritage Committee: Imperial Tombs in accordance with feng shui theory, well location, the large number of buildings cleverly placed on the ground. It is a product of human nature to change, reflecting the traditional architecture and decoration ideas, explains the five hundred years of feudal China's continued view of the world and outlook. Imperial Tombs in Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, is the mausoleum of Emperor Ming and Qing dynasties of China buildings, the level of regulation in accordance with strict construction, complete with aerial and underground construction system, the layout of the rigorous, large-scale building gorgeous, sophisticated technology, embodies the highest of Chinese feudal society funeral system. In 2000, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee finds it meets standards of the world cultural heritage, and obviously Ling, Qing Tombs, Imperial Tombs Qingxiling as the "World Heritage List."
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Architectural Features
Xiaoling ground wooden structures destroyed most of the Qing in 1853 and the Taiping war, is the only next Mafang, cut around the monument, the Red Door, Beiting in the wall, stone road, Fang Cheng-Ming brick downstairs Ministry building. Xiaoling Wang Hung layout, strict regulation, Ling opened the bend and Shinto long precedent and affect the Ming and Qing dynasties. Cemetery depth 2.62 km, when the red walls around the perimeter of 22.5 kilometers.
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History
Construction of works from the Ming Xiaoling Hongwu years (1381) to commence completed in sixteen years of Hongwu's tomb Xiangdian other main project, called defense has 10 million, to three years of Yongle (1405) built and lasted for 25 years . The overall layout of two parts: First, Shinto architecture guidance, the second is the main mausoleum building. Party City is followed by the emperor and empress were buried in the underground palace Markov commonly known as "treasure city", is a circular diameter of about 400 meters a large mound. Westwood thick solid, the mountain ups and downs, the next puzzle stone, brick base on the next building with a thickness of 1 m; in the south of the stone walls engraved with "The Tomb of Ming Tai Zu Mountain" seven characters. Ming had planted pine trees throughout the cemetery one hundred thousand, prolonging the life of silver deer stocking hanging one thousand, to the late Ming and early Qing, when done on the loss of the net. Xiaoling has never been stolen before. Muqu building can be divided into two groups: group Shinto part Mafang starting from next to the main entrance Xiaoling; second group is the main part of the city from the main entrance to the Po, Ming House, Chong Yau up. The existing building God Lieshan monument, cut around the monument, under the Mafang, large Kinmen, Sifang Cheng and magic virtues monument, Xiaoling Hall, a large stone and so on. Thirty-one years of Hongwu (1398), made the emperor the emperor's death 31 years, Xiaoling burial ceremony. The emperor and empress were buried in the underground palace known as "treasure city", is a circular diameter of about 400 meters large mound, it's surrounded by a stone into the cliff section, the south of the stone walls engraved with "The Tomb of Ming Tai Zu Mountain" 7 characters. Westwood thick solid, the mountain ups and downs, the next puzzle stone, brick base on the next building with a thickness of 1 meter, is the tomb of China's largest existing one. After 600 years of wind and rain, the recent emergence of Westwood partial collapse of the wall, peeling off the wall, reverse in some places because the _set_tlement and the formation of large cracks tear. Nanjing cultural relics department has invested more than 300 million yuan, the use of experts in ancient architecture of Southeast University protection program, according to repair old as the requirements for the maintenance of the wall, such as "stitching" cracks, leveling, "the wall" on the deformation of the wall repair and water leakage prevention "operation." For the convenience of visitors to see the "Dragon" true tolerance, but also built a bluestone trail tour, so that visitors can board the ding see Xiaoling picture.
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The main building and the construction
From the Hongwu years (1381) to commence work to Paradise three years (1405) built and lasted 25 years. Call the military has 10 million, cost a lot of manpower, material, size large. At that time the door from the sun (now Zhongshan Gate) Xiao Lin Wei to the tomb to the west, north wall of the building of 45 kilometers and Wong, retaining troops, 5 thousand people Ling. At that time cemetery pavilion phase; Xiangdian in smoke-filled, pine woodlands, raising one thousand deer longevity. Luming the meantime, the extraordinary momentum. Due to repeated Binghuo, is the only monument of God Horeb, dismount tablets, Kinmen, and the magic of the German monument Sifang Cheng, Shinto Shishou lions, Xie Zhi, camel elephant, giraffe, horse and elephant six kinds of 24, Shinto stone Second, the civil officials of the four generals. Sifang Cheng start from the tomb of Shinto. Sifang Cheng is a Pavilion, located between the Guardian Bridge and Sun Yat-sen, is the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di, the emperor built for his father "Big Xiaoling merit sacred monument." The top has been destroyed, the only remaining square walls, stand inside a stone seat turtle tablets, 8.78 m high monument. Zhu Di essays by the pro-inscriptions, namely 2746 words, detailing the first Ming of merit. Beizuo, top part of a tablet carved magnificent. Shinto outside this west by the Golden Water Bridge (now the Red Bridge), then folded around the Meihuashan north, about 1800 meters. One section of the stone like a road, this road lined with 12 pairs of Shishou opposite, namely Shishou lions, Xie Zhi, camel elephant, giraffe, horse and elephant 6, each with two pairs, attitude is a pair of V, a opposition. Behind a pair of tall ornamental columns, carved Yunlong, the momentum of the ordinary. Fold, respectively, to the north of the column was Shinto wearing armor or Mangpao 4 on the Fumiomi generals, but unfortunately some have been damaged. Shiren Shishou the body is very large, the Ming Xiaoling Shinto stone of art. Ming Tomb of the red door faces south, is on the Plum Blossom Hill, the amount of doors a letter to "Xiaoling" words. Stand outside the east side of a stone sign, the Department of Jiang Qing Xuantong two years, Taiwanese Foreign Affairs Office Road, Jiangning prefect engraved text to the six countries "rule Longtang Song" four gold, the Qing Emperor Kangxi personally title the book. Beiting originally built after the two Royal Pavilion, west of the pavilion called the slaughter, with a service called the house of the east, this had been destroyed, the remaining number of columns and Ishii fences. Xiangdian position in the original 64 columns can still see the foundation, which Xiangdian can imagine the size of the year is great. Xiangdian years now as wen (1873) reconstruction, much smaller than the original, the portrait of emperor worship. Xiangdian is an in-depth after 100 meters, tens of meters wide and open space, place of worship was then open the middle corridor, wooded on both sides. Corridor at the end of a stone bridge, said the large stone bridge, also known as l Xianqiao, meaning that over this bridge is "Once upon a time." Northbound is a 75 meters wide and 16 meters high, 31 meters deep into the castle-like building, said the party city. Article square stone into the big city, the center walk-through ramp tunnel opening, a step can be entered, namely, 54. Something out of the tunnel can board the city have the top of stone steps. City top of the original palace building built next floor, the top and the next floor, wood structure has been destroyed, is the only four walls, the south arches 3, together with the other three sides of each arch. Party City in the top vistas, Sun Yat-sen east, south Meihuashan the west Botanical Garden, north of the "ding", surrounded by verdant trees, pines blowing, visitors can not help but send nostalgic. Ding diameter of 400 meters is a large circular mound, which the emperor and Empress Ma, buried in the underground palace, which is surrounded by stone into the cliff section, the south of the stone walls engraved with "The Tomb of Ming Tai Zu Mountain" Seven two characters. Meihua Wu during the Three Kingdoms by Sun Quan and his wife buried the monarch, also called Sun Ling Kong, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is located just south of 300 meters. Ming Tomb is a beautiful environment, surrounded by mountains ups and downs, mountains and water around, culture and landscape nature itself. Cemetery scale, the pattern of strict. Xiaoling Ma Fang treasure under construction from the city, depth 2.62 km, then the main building mausoleum built around the red walls, the circumference of 2.25 km. Existing sites can be divided into two parts. Part I: the tomb of the twists and turns Shinto. Ma Fang Xiaoling next to the main entrance from the (civil and military side door), including the next Mafang, God Lieshan monument, a large Kinmen, magic holiness Monument and Beiting (commonly known as Sifang Cheng), Stone Carvings and the Imperial River bridge. Mafang under God Lieshan Monument: The next Mafang, is a two columns of the stone arch, Miankuo 4.94 meters, 7.85 meters high, carved Square, the amount of "all officials of the Division dismount" six regular script characters, sign into the Ming Tomb in the officials must dismount on foot, to show respect for the founding emperor Zhu Yuan Zhang. God, Horeb monument, 36 meters east at the next Mafang is Jiajing Decade (1531) Li, Yin Wen hook cut in front of "God Horeb" 3 words, the original Pavilion, now does not exist, the only remaining corner stone basis. Horeb God to change the monument is Jiajing years when Zhongshan Mountain standing strong for God. 17 meters further east, lying at a piece of the monument, as "forbidden about the monument," is fourteen years Zhen Ming Chong (1641) Li, was engraved and Yeling against damage related Xiaoling Restraint 9. Stone Carvings: Sifang Cheng about 100 meters to the northwest over the line will enter the Sacred Imperial River. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the most important feature of Shinto architecture and topography of the perfect combination. Mausoleum of God in its different from the linear history, but the construction is complete according to the topography meandering layout. And in each paragraph of the nodes placed stone birth control space, formed one solemn atmosphere. Bedding stone gave birth to a complete Six brick, to 600 years without sinking. Shinto extends from east to the northwest, in turn lined on both sides of the Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, giraffe, horse six kinds Shishou, each of 2 pairs, a total of 12 to 24 parts, each of the two established the two knees, lined the streets to welcome paternity. These Shishou reflects the manners, the royal mausoleum, each meaning: the lion is the king of beasts, showing the emperor's majesty, it is both a symbol of imperial power, but also play a role in the town of evil spirits demons; Xie Zhi is an animal, alone angle, lion body, green hair, natures Zhongzhi, right from wrong, it can conflict with the angle of the guilty person; camel is a symbol of the desert and tropical, it means the vast territory of the Ming Emperor Quartet town of Granville; elephant beast Ju Wu, it d thick legs strong, rock-solid, that the stability of the national landscape; unicorn is the legendary "four spirits" that Lin, turtle, dragon, phoenix in the first, it is Phi scales, do not fulfill grass, do not eat the kernel of biological beast, the male called Qi, a female named Lin, symbolizing the "virtue of the king," and good luck, light; horse, the emperor in ancient times Civil war, the importance of a unified country mounts. Ming Xiaoling Shi Shou Shinto in the 6 to as the largest, weighing 80 tons, was delivered to these Shishou Xiaoling, winter, watering of the roads into ice, and then thick bamboo, wooden roller, roll along the way means pushing the employer to complete the transportation task. This Shinto is commonly known as the stone road, length of 615 meters. Shishou the end of the Shinto off to the north, to the Ling Xing Gate, 250 meters long. Hope this Shinto stone columns and stone figures _set_, two were hexagonal columns look cylindrical, 6.6 m high, cloud dragons carved on it. Shinto is often looking the top of columns are placed, and the Ming Xiaoling's hope the middle column is placed on Shinto, which is the emperor's unique. Look after the stone column is the relative standing of the Wengzhong things, there are generals, civil officials of the two pairs, a total of eight and height of 3.18 meters. Ling Xing Gate, Imperial River Bridge: 18 meters north end of Shinto as the Ling Xing Gate, the door no longer exists, the only remaining stone column bases 6. From the ruins of view, Ling Xing Gate should be three-bay building. Star Gate fold lattice over 275 meters to the northeast, that is to the Imperial River Bridge, also known as the Golden Water Bridge. Imperial River Bridge, stone bridge, the original 5 hole, the existing 3 hole, bridge and river embankments on both sides of the Ming Dynasty stone artifacts are original. Through the Imperial River Bridge to north, along the gentle slope on, is the mausoleum of the main building. Part II: Xiaoling sleep of the main building. Sung from the main entrance to the mound, including civil and military side door (ie main entrance), Monument Hall, Xiangdian, large stone bridge, square city, Ming House, ding, etc., building a wall. Civil and military side door: civil and military side of the main entrance door is Xiaoling, formerly five openings, 3 large 2 small, the middle three as arched openings, on both sides of two rectangular openings. Dianding veranda above the yellow glazed tiles. Qing Tongzhi converted into a doorway, on the amount of embedded clear Shek Mun, incised regular script "Xiaoling" 3 words. Again in 1999 to repair and restore the original appearance of the door when the Ming Dynasty. Is now five, sight, while the rich, red walls, hanging above the main entrance gate amount of rectangular, vertical book "civil and military side door" four gilt characters. The main entrance of the east stands a "special notice" monument, tablet Xuantong Qing Dynasty (1909) by Li, Xiaoling warning protection precautions. Monument Hall: Hall was originally Xiaoling Xiangdian monument in front of the door, that door Xiaoling, formerly five openings, after the destruction. The monument is now the house is remodeled during the Qing Dynasty, is a Xieshan Ding, three-bay, red walls and a small tile building, north and south center of the opening one, kiosks and _set_ a five inscriptions. According to "History of Sun Yat-sen" and other books, records, here's one in the door had Xiaoling, but destroyed in the war, the Qing Dynasty on the basis of the door in the temple rebuilt the monument and erected a tall stone five. Middle of a big stone, the monument under the turtle tablets pack. The pack turtle tablets distinctive landmark, the neck is surprisingly short. Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi six lifetime trip to the south, five paid respects to Ming Xiaoling. Stone a letter to "rule Longtang Song" four gilt characters, 3.85 meters high monument, width 1.42 m, 0.38 m thick. "Governance Long Tang Song" means more than celebrating the first Ming Emperor Li Shimin statecraft and Zhao Kuangyin. This is the Qing Emperor Kangxi in 1699 when the third royal title under the southern Ye Ling. This is just a result of the Qing Dynasty ruled China, Kangxi power early against Manchu rule, the Han Chinese, in this historical background, the Kangxi know, high-handed policy alone is not enough, we still need to rely on Han Chinese. Therefore, the Emperor Kangxi in the 6 southern tour, 5 times paid respects to the Ming Tomb. Monument by the Cao Xueqin's grandfather, then "Jiangningzhizao" doctor Cao Yin engraved. In the "rule Long Tang Song," about the monument there is the piece of Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong Monument, the monument two things that are lying on the east contained a piece of carved first Yeling Chronicle of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi west of the third piece of engraved Yeling situation. Xiangdian: monument, after the house is the main building Xiaoling Xiaoling Hall, that Xiangdian. Xiaoling has destroyed the original temple, the remaining 3 layers Xu Mizuo platform, the 3.03 m-high, a large column bases on the platform 56. Chi square stone pedestal with the head of the hall before and after each 3 step stack, the remaining six large landscapes, Yunlong Majesty stone relief. Basilica of the base length 57.30 meters, width 26.6 meters, is obvious that the building of the ambitious. Of the original temple dedicated to the emperor and Empress Ma tablets. The existing building is two years of the Qing wen reconstruction Xiangdian three small rooms. Hall is now, "Ming Tomb Historical showroom." More than 100 meters from the rear is a large stone bridge, also known as l Xianqiao. After a large stone building on the ground to the last part of Xiaoling Fang City, Ming House, ding. Party City, Ming House, ding: ding party town is Xiaoling in front of a huge building, outside bar with large Shi Jiancheng, east to west, 75.26 m, 30.94 m from north to south, the former high 16.25 meters, 8.13 meters high, after the bottom as Xu Mizuo. Party City is a center of the arch, through a round arch in the tunnel. From 54 the previous steps out of the tunnel, the face of the south wall is the ding, with 13 layers of stone masonry. Middle cross engraved "Tomb of the mountain the first Ming," and apparently the system for future generations. Left and right sides along the side trail to the city board next floor. Ming House, the city on the square, the original roof eaves Huangwa large building, the roof has long been destroyed, the remaining walls of the brick wall, east to west, 39.45 m, 18.47 m from north to south, south to open three arches, and the remaining three sides of the opening 1 two arches. Fang Ming House, north of the city at 400 meters straight hill that is ding Chong, also known as Westwood for the emperor and Empress Ma of the palace is located. Ding roughly circular, formerly known as Fu Long playing Everest alone, surrounded by a brick wall puzzle. 1998-1999, Nanjing Cultural Relics Bureau and other departments using advanced precision magnetic survey confirmed that the tomb of the emperor's underground palace in the following, buried deep, well-preserved, from being stolen before. Architectural Society of China, vice president of Architectural History, Architecture, Southeast University, Professor Liu Jie Syria, said: "Early Ming Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum represents the artistic achievements of the Royal Building, is the tomb mausoleum architecture and the epitome of culture." Xiaoling Ma Fang from the starting point under the ding to the location of the underground palace, depth up to 2600 meters, distributed in 30 places along the different styles, different uses of buildings and stone works of art, the overall layout of the grand and orderly, single building massive and majestic, exquisite decorative detail, the combination of At that time politicians, artists and architects of talent. Ming Xiaoling Xiaoling picture is also reflected in the pioneering status of the mountain terrain of its twists and turns of the tomb of Shinto. Sifang Cheng start from the tomb of Shinto. Sifang Cheng is a Pavilion, located between the Guardian Bridge and Sun Yat-sen, is the Yongle Emperor Zhu Diyong music three years (1405 AD) the emperor built for his father "Big Xiaoling merit sacred monument." The top has been destroyed, the only remaining square walls, stand inside a stone seat turtle tablets, tablet high 8.78 meters. Zhu Di essays by the pro-inscriptions, namely 2746 words, detailing the first Ming of merit. Beizuo, top part of a tablet carved magnificent. Shinto outside this west by the Golden Water Bridge (now the Red Bridge), then folded around the Meihuashan north, about 1800 meters. One section of the stone like a road, this road lined with 12 pairs of Shishou opposite, namely, lions, camels, elephants and horses 6, each of two pairs, attitude is a pair of V, a confrontation. Behind a pair of tall ornamental columns, carved Yunlong, the momentum of the ordinary. Fold, respectively, to the north of the column was Shinto wearing armor or Mangpao 4 on the Fumiomi generals, and some have been damaged. Very large body size Shiren Shishou is the art of the Ming Dynasty stone treasures. Liang Baiquan former president of the Nanjing Museum researcher, said: "Ming Tomb opened the first generation of the first emperor's mausoleum mausoleum shared Shinto Shinto as the descendants of the system. Shinto both sides of the distribution of the 12 pairs of stone figures and 4 pairs of stone figures, stone style and diverse, thick simple shape, the overall grand and local financial fine for one, also on behalf of the Chinese stone carving art of the early Ming the highest level. " Xiaoling Tang Song Diling side changed, the Mausoleum of Taiwan, Fang Yuan, and cross the axis of the upper and lower house the tomb of the system layout, the layout of the first established by the Royal Palace, "after former sleep" system of three courtyards, creating a mausoleum building plane was "after the round in front of" the basic pattern, and has been standardized with the subsequent 500 years of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Mausoleum of the construction of more than 20 regulations. Ming Tomb of the red door faces south, is on the Plum Blossom Hill, the amount of doors a letter to "Xiaoling" words. Stand outside the east side of a stone sign, the Department of Jiang Qing Xuantong two years, Taiwanese Foreign Affairs Office Road, Jiangning prefect engraved text to the six countries
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Tourist Attractions
Five Longqiao Yuhe Yuhe five Longqiao, Okimichi central north is "outside the five Longqiao" Edward is the door and the northbound side door, this Gwanghwamun in the middle of the outer five Longqiao Yudao Jie, or the original Ming Dynasty, However, after the bridge railing was added. There is a North also kept the door "in five Longqiao" is the original Ming Dynasty. Nanjing, rainfall, mainly rainfall peak Zhongshan Long Fu Xiaoling Mausoleum by the independent regional excretion Palace, the Ming Xiaoling must be built a perfect drainage system to ensure the safety of Ling Palace. Therefore, the Xiaoling Mausoleum area outside the Imperial River has, within the City of Imperial River Imperial River and Po three drainage system. Squatting lion The lion is the king of beasts, of the ferocious, ancient times, using it arranged in the palaces, temples, Government Office, Museum of the important buildings such as the entrance, to strengthen their power and influence, have to defend the symbolism of building owners is that people are glad to see the traditional auspicious image. The main trunk lions squatting lion lion and take two forms. Squatting lion triangular side, the chin, chest and front legs of a straight line in the same Ministry. Not hump squatting lion chest, chest strong and full, straight forelegs and hind legs crouched, abdominal contraction of the general attitude as to the performance of its high-spirited and majestic. Song monument governance Longtang Tanglin drains For Tanglin drains, Nanjing Institute of Archaeology experts say, because there were no ritual East cemetery facilities, such as the library of God, a temple serving God kitchen and other buildings, it can be inferred that brick building might drain For worship facilities and Tanglin. Dan Xiangsheng generals Xiaoling total of 18 pairs of stone figures, which Fumiomi 3 pairs, 3 pairs of military commanders, station and 1 horse lying right, standing, sitting, and 1 unicorn pair, and 1 stop lying like a pair, stop lying camel and 1 pair, standing, sitting, and 1 lion Yes, standing, sitting, and 1 lion pair. Another expected column 1 pair. All are single piece of stone carved stone statues. Shape is not deliberately seeking, and focus quite similar, the style rugged, powerful, simple, innocent, powerful, and the extraordinary manner. This group of stone arranged symmetrically on both sides of the Shinto, more than 800 meters from north to south, constitutes a magnificent long queue, so that even more holy tombs, solemn, solemn. Xiaoling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty stone figures are the largest and most unique group.
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Travel Information
Transport: take the tour in Nanjing, 2,3 by the way, up to 20 bus. Admission: 70 yuan (including the Ming Tomb, Plum Blossom Hill two spots), visit free of charge after 7 pm.
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Wikipedia Daquan
Ming Xiaoling Ming Tomb Xiaoling Ma Fang from under the south to the north side city of the Circular Mound, depth of 2.6 km. All original Yuanqiang cemetery, according to record length of 22.5 km. The main building from north to south as follows: Po City, Ming House, a clothing house, slaughter house, so □, Xiangdian (Xiaoling Hall), civil and military side door. Then Stone Carvings, the four generals have Wenchen, China Table 2, the Shishou 24. Monument after another magic virtues, large Kinmen, God Lieshan monument. Most of the existing stone intact. Xiaoling the establishment and layout of innovation and development. Chong Ming building its new, changed side for the round tomb tomb, built round outside Westwood, which is after all the Ming Tombs (see the Ming Tombs) and the Qing Tombs have a major impact. As for turning the mountain turns Shinto layout is Xiaoling unique design. Xiaoling Tang and Song Dynasties imperial mausoleum to _set_ the system up and down Ninomiya one, since the mausoleum door to the kitchen god within, God libraries, gates, Xiangdian with something □, flat as a rectangle. Yongle Emperor of the Ming Tombs was subsequently learned that the old law respecting Xiaoling, only more Hongchang it. This approach also affects to future generations. Xiaoling Xu Mizuo-style building foundation stone most used platform, the simple yet elegant carved designs. Stone Carvings simple technique, form somewhat sluggish, but with a sense of quiet and solemn, is representative of the early Ming Dynasty stone carving art. Ming Tomb stone statue warrior Statues stone statues (Romans were true)